首先要知道什么是分词.分词就是动词 ing或 ed的形成,称为现在分词和过去分词.既然分词是由动词变化而来,那么它就继承了动词原有的属性,即：可以带宾语或状语.这就构成了分词短语.分词也称为非谓语动词,不可以作谓语,但可以作定语、状语、补语、表语.下面举例说明：
一、分词短语作定语,短语我用括号表示：
①The man (standing in front of our classroom）is our headmaster.站在我们教室前面的那个人是我们的校长.
②The police found the car (stolen from a rich businessman).警察找到了从富商那被盗走的汽车.
二、分词短语作状语：
①（Walking in the field）,he noticed an unusual flower.正在田野走着,他发现了一种不同寻常的花.
②（Tired of cooking）,the Smiths went to a restaurant to have dinner.讨厌做饭,史密斯一家去了饭店吃饭.
三、作补语：
① I heard someone (singing loudly outside).我听到外面有人高声唱歌.
② I found my room （broken into ）.我发现有人进入过我的房间.
四、作表语：
① Your story is (quite interesting).你的故事很有趣.
② The bridge was (badly damaged in the earthquake).桥梁在地震中严重受损. 最后提醒：分词短语作表语与被动语态很相似,容易弄混.被动语态强调动作,表语强调状态.状态是持续的,动作是短暂的.
CH-分词短语作状语以及不定式作状语
Period 1:分词短语作状语
1．什么是状语：
修饰动词、形容词、副词等及其短语或整个句子，说明动作或特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
2.状语的表现形式：
(1)副词及其词组
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处能见到工厂和建筑物。（2）介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年。
If spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，我们还是继续工作。
（3）不定式（短语）
He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination. 他因能通过高考而感到自豪。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起来。
（4）分词（短语）主语一直可以省略
He is in the room making a model plane.他正在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. 他不知道怎么办才好，决定去向老师寻求意见。
Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。
（5）名词（短语）
Wait a minute.等一下
Would you please come this way.请这边走，好吗？
The road is fifty kilometers long and ten meters wide.这条路有50公里长，10米宽。
（6）从句
Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。
It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有水的地方，活是十分艰难的。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更加努力学习。
3.状语的分类
（1）时间状语
How about meeting again at six?
6:00再见面怎样？
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
下雨天我通常乘公共汽车去学校。
（2）原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance because of the rain.
由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。（3）条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
如果不下雨，我将到那里去。
As(so) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得快速的进步。
（4）方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她十分小心地把鸡蛋放进篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方法极大的提高了他的英语水平。
（5）伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本字典。The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。
（6）目的状语
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去哪里去看我的一个朋友。
Bring it closer so that I may see it better.把它那近些，以便我可以看得更清楚。
（7）结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。
（8）让步状语
She worked very hard though she is old.虽然她年纪大了，但她工作仍然十分努力。
No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。
（9）程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
（10）比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English, the better I’ll be.我英语讲得越多，就讲得越好。
4.分词短语作状语的用法（高考重点）
（1）分词短语做状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。
Hearing the news, they got excited.（时间）听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间) 过街口时，一定要小心。Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.（原因）由于被蛇咬过，她很怕蛇。
Given a chance, I can surprise the world.（条件）给我一个机会，我会让世界惊奇。
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(结果) 茶杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.(让步) 被告诉了很多次，他仍旧犯同样的错误。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.(伴随状况)
老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
（2）分词短语作状语的形式有以下五种：
形式意义
doing与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中的谓语
动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生
意思是1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）
having done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词
发生
意思是1）表主动 2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生
being done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词
同时发生，一般做原因状语置于句首
意思是1）表被动 2）表同时进行
done与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
意思是1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）
having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词
发生。
意思是1）表被动2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生
练习分析：
1. D to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing
in a queue for two days.
A.Determing be determined C. To determine D. Determined
分析：方法一（打回原形）来源句型 Sb is determined to do sth, 这里的determined 是个形容词，来源于过去分词determined，我们说过所有的分词都可以当做形容词来看待。现在我们把这里的determined当做它的本源过去分词看待。
这句话就等于：
After George is determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.
去掉连词after，相同的主语George，去掉be动词
Determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.
这里的determined来源于be determined,是被动语态的分词，直接用就可以了，既然已经是分词了，我们就不需要做任何变化了。
方法二（一一排除）：
, doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或），句中是有主动的意思，可是没有同时进行的意思，是先觉得，然后才去站队买票。
C.不定式，暂不做分析。
D .determined， done表示 1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）从句型be determined to do sth看有被动，有完成（下定了决心，然后去站队买票），另外与sb determine to do sth不用的是前者表示状态，后者表示动作，既然是状态就暗含了已经处于该种状态的意思或者说完成。
问
问：如果用sb determine to do sth，该如何改写这个句子呢？
答：After George has determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.
去掉after,George后,剩下了has determined, 这里的determined是个过去分词，有同学问可不可以直接用determined，我的回答是如果不是碰巧有sb be determined to do sth 这个句型，是不可以的。
回到主题来，has determined 要把has变成过去分词，因为五种分词短语做状语并没有had done这种结构，所以只能将has determined变成Having determined. 也就是说，如果有E选项是 Having determined 我们可以选择。
2.Having Finished his homework, he went out.(T)
Finished his homework, he went out.(F)
Finishing his homework, he went out.(F)
方法二：having done表示1）表主动 2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生，他完成了作业后，然后出去了。符合以上两点。
Done，表示意思是1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）他做作业，不是作业做他，所以不符合1）表被动，2)虽然是完成，但是并没有表明先于“主句”谓语动词发生。
finishing，doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）主动没错，但是没有同时进行的含义，毕竟是先完成作业，然后才出去的吗，动作有个先后顺序。
再来看方法一：打回原形
比较一下几个句子：
After he finishes his homework, he will go out.
After he finished his homework, he would go out.
After he had finished his homework, he went out.
纵向比较（句子内部比较）： after引导的从句总是比主句的时态退后一步。
横向比较（句子之间比较）：从上到下，主句和分句的时态同时退后一步,finishes 变成finished，will变成would。
我们来看第三个句子，after去掉，相同的主语he去掉，had finished变成having finished就可以了。
那么如何变前面两个句子呢？这个就有点复杂了。按照我们通常的打回原形的方法，
去掉after,he,因为是主动把determines,或者过去时动词determined变成determing不就可以了吗？现在问题来了,determing，是doing表示的是1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）主动是没有错，问题是不是同时进行呀。所以这种通常的做法在这里行不通了，我们还是不得不用Having determined.既表示主动，又表示先于“主句”的动词。看第三个例句，我们来进一步认识一下having done的用法。
3.Because the boy has lost the key, the boy can’t enter the house.
Because the boy had lost the key, the boy couldn’t enter the house.
把第一句的主句和分句的时态同时退后一步，就得到了第二句话。
用方法一，打回原形：去掉连词because，去掉相同的主语the boy,分句就剩下has lost the key和had lost the key了，这时候把has和had想办法变成分词的形式就可以了。有人会问：直接把has和had删去，lost不就是分词吗？问题是如果这样，我们就同时删去了has和had所蕴含的“先于主句谓语动词发生”的意义了。把has 和had变成现在分词having就可以了。有人又问：变成过去分词had不可以吗?我的回答是不可以，因为我们所列的五种分词作状语的表现形式并没有had done，所以我们只能选择用having done.
4.Seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.
Seeing from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.
这两句话都是对的，我们用两种方法来分析它们。
方法二：第一句：seen, done 表示1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或），our school 当然是被看，所以表被动没有问题，第二层意思我们取“或”，没有这层意思。
第二句：seeing，doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或），“主句”的主语是we，表主动没有问题，表同时进行，这里也是取“或”，没有这层意思。
方法一：打回原形：
If our school is seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.
If we see from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.(这里的see是vi.)
第一句去掉if，去掉相同的主语the school，去掉be动词，直接用seen这个过去分词就可以了。
第二句去掉if，去掉相同的主语we, see这个动词是个一般现在时态的动词原形，要把它变成分词才可以。因为是主动，所以我们把它变成现在分词seeing就可以了。
5. A down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.
A.Walking
B. Walked walk walked
分析：我沿着街走的同时，我看到了车祸。此句话包含两层意思：1.主动 2.同时发生符合doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）所以选A没有任何问题。请按照，done和having done蕴含的意思去分析B，D两个选项。C不定式我们以后再做分析。
6. C in white, she looks much more beautiful.
A. To dress
B. Dressing
C. Dressed
D. To be dressed.
分析：为了了解dress的用法，请先看牛津高阶词典有关dress的例句：* Hurry up
and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服! * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她
会自己穿衣服了吗? * He was dressed as a woman, ie wearing a woman's clothes.
他男扮女装. * a woman dressed in green 穿着绿衣服的女子.
我们来看例句Hurry up and get dressed! = You hurry up and you get dressed! Sb
get dressed 与sb is dressed 不用的是前者是动作，后者是状态。表示某人穿什么
颜色的衣服有个比较常用的表达式Sb is dressed in red/white/black---
方法一：If the girl is dressed in white, she looks much more beautiful.
If去掉，相同的主语the girl去掉，be动词去掉。过去分词dressed直接保留，
这里的done，同样1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）的含义。
有同学问不是有sb dress herself这个短语吗，那么为什么不能选择这个选项呢？
答：如果题干是
herself in white, she looks much more beautiful.
A. To dress
B. Dressing
C. Dressed
D. To be dressed.
题干多了一个单词herself，这题正确答案就是B. Dressing了。
打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white, she looks much more beautiful.
7 D good care of , the old man is living a happy life.
B.Taking be taken
C. Having taken
D. Taken
分析：表示被动，完成，用Done，所以选D。
C选项表示如果改成Having been taken 就可以选了。请自已去分析，分析不明
白的话，记得第一时间问老师。
8. A automatically(自动地)，the email will be received by all the club members.
A. Mailed out
B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out
D. Having mailed out 分析：email被发出去后，将会被收到。有两层含义：被动，完成。所以选A。
D项要改成Having been mailed ,可以考虑选D。其他自己分析，不懂问老师。
he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always
A the same thing.
B. said
C. to say said
分析：该句要表单主动以及和answer carelessly这个“主句”谓语动词同时发生两
层含义。所以算
10. B for the break down of the school computer network, Alice was in low
spirits.
A. Blaming
B. Blamed
C. To blamed
D. To be blamed
分析：本句要表达被动和完成两层含义，所以选B，具体情况自己分析。
最后补充一句不定式的例题：
11. C this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A．Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
分析：A项having done表示1）表主动 2）表先于“主句”谓语动词发生，题干有主动，但是第2）层意思没有，实际上逻辑上讲make this cake还在需要这些东西之后发生； D项doing有1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）主动的意思有。因为是或的关系，所以D项目可以考虑。但是比较起C项，我们选择最优的只能是C。是个不定式做目的状语的情况。另外，不能选D的一个重要原因是，在前文中“分词短语作状语的句法功能”有说：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，但是没有提到表示目的的情况。
请完成以下练习：
project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
B. Complete D To complete
hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being throwing
yound man, _____several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping, decided to have another try.
make B. making D. having made
, the student insists that he be separated from his desk mate, who is naughty.
A. To avoid being affected
B. To avoid to be affected
C. Avoiding being affected to be affected
答案：D，C, D, A
现在分词作状语 一、现在分词具有形容词和副词特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。 1. 作时间状语，可改为时间状语从句，分词前可加while或when等连词。 When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. =When we compare different cultures… (06全国) 2. 作条件状语，可改为条件状语从句，分词前可加once, until, if等连词。 Turning to the right, you will find the path leading to the park. =If you turn to the left … 3. 作原因状语，可改为原因状语从句。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing the exam. =Because/ As he had been ill in bed… (04福建) 4. 作结果状语，可改为which引导非限制性定语从句，分词前可加thus，加强语气。 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record $57.65 a barrel on April. =…, which reach a record $57.65 a barrel on April. (05山东) 5. 作让步状语，可改为让步状语从句，分词前可加although, though, even if, even though等连接词。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. = Though his parents lack money, they … (02上海) 6. 作伴随状语，相当于and连接并列谓语。 About one-six undergraduates in Beijing this year are willing to spend as much as 2,6oo Yuan on driving courses, seeing it as an investment in their future. = …, and see it as an investment in their future. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away =…and ran away (05全国) 7. 作方式状语。Jack came here, running. 二、现在分词的时态以及否定形式 分词的动作与谓语同时发生用一般式，可转化为on+动名词或when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句根据语境用一般过去时或过去进行时；分词动作先于谓语动词用完成式，可转化为after+动名词的一般式或after /when引导的时间状语从句，从句中用完成式；现在分词的否定式：not+分词构成。 Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once. = On hearing his father’s voice…或When the boy heard father’s voice, he… Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京） =After waiting in the queue…或When Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he… 三、现在分词的逻辑主语及独立结构 分词作状语，逻辑主语与句子主语一致；如不一致时，分词带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。 误：While watching television, the doorbell rang. (05全国) 正：While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (05全国) 误：Being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 正：It being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 四、掌握以下区别 1. 首动词的用法区别
分词短语作状语的时态和语态 1. 分词的时态及其判断 * 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，因此been done 和had done 任何时候都不会出现。 * 现在分词有两种时态形式： 一般形式：doing 完成形式：having done * 判断分词用什么形式主要是要与句子中的主要动词行为发生时间进行对比，如果同时或相继发生，用一般式；如果分词的行为的发生时间早于主要动词的发生时间，则用完成式。例如：--Working there, we learned a lot from them. (劳动的同时学到了许多) --Looking out of the window, I saw groups of children play games. (先望出去，接着就看到，视线没有断开) -- Having finished his work, he went to help his classmates.(完成工作在前，帮助他人在后，中间有停顿) -- Not having done it right, I tried again. (没做好在前，明显停顿后再次尝试) * 伴随状语是与主要动词的行为同时发生的动作，如果有前有后就不成其为伴随，所引不能用完成形式having done 表示，否则就是逻辑错误。 2. 分词的语态及其判断
* 过去分词本身就表示被动 * 现在分词的被动语态同样有两种形式 一般式：being done 完成式：having been done * 主动与被动的判断主要是要找到分词的逻辑主语，一般说来，用作状语的分词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间有两种关系：逻辑主语是分词行为的支配者，即主谓关系——用现在分词主动形式表示； 逻辑主语是分词的行为对象，即动宾关系——用过去分词或现在分词的被动形式,分别表示： 过去分词——与主要动词先后发生，如： -- Inspired him, we decided to work harder. (被鼓励接下来决定更加努力) 现在分词一般式——与主要动词同时发生，如： -- Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.（被包围的同时被迫投降） 现在分词完成式——先于主要动词的动作，如： -- Having been asked to stay, I couldn't very well leave. (先被要求留下，（考虑后)觉得不好离开。 * 独立主格结构：
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)
分词作状语练习题解析 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： Put into use in April000 , the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network , Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语 Given time , he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语的句式Oct 11, 2020 “Sb do, doing / done.” 说明: 该句式，逗号之前是主句，逗号之后是现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语。也就是，分词的动作和主句谓语的动作同时发生。现在分词doing 和主句的主语，在逻辑上是主动关系。过去分词done 和主句主语，在逻辑上是被动关系。例如： 1.The bell rang, announcing the end of the class. 铃声响了，宣布课堂结束。 2.He lay still, catching his breath. 他静静地躺着，呼吸困难。 3.Father sat in the chair, watching TV. 爸爸坐在椅子上，看电视。 4.Mother was in the kitchen, cooking for the whole family. 妈妈在厨房，为全家人做饭。 (说明：1-4句，是现在分词做伴随状语。) 5.The teacher came into the classroom , followed by his students. 老师进来了，同学们跟在身后。 6.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那里，被同学们包围着。 7.Richard Jones returned home, exhausted. 他回到家，精疲力尽。 8.I watched the moving model of the machine, absorbed by its efficiency. 我观察着这台运行的机器，被它的高效率吸引住了。 (说明：5-8句，是过去分词做伴随状语。）
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作
分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1）being done---->"又被动，又进行” 2）done------->“又被动，又完成” 1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done) 再给你解释下伴随状语 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个生语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 你所问的是这一种
1、状语从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时: 1.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连接词与主语并把be改为being. 即可。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. →Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 1.2、从句的主句主语与从句主语不同时，只要保留从句的主语，其它变化同以上1.1。 As he is still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. →He being still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. 1.3、当从句是否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.2。 As he was no tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. →No being tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. 2、当从句的谓语动词是进行时态（现在进行时态或过去进行时态）时: 2.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的引导词与主语并去掉助动词be保留现在分词即可。有时为了强调进行状态,亦在分词前保留being. While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. →While reading the book, he nodded from time to time 2.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上2.1 When he was giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel. →He giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel 2.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.1与2.2 As Tom is not working in his office, No one receives the telephone. →Tom not working i n his office, no one receives the telephone. 3、当从句中的谓语动词为一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的实义动词时： 3.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句主语并将实义动词改为现在分词即可Look round when you cross the street. →Look round when crossing the street. 3.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上3.1 When they left the airport, we waved again and again to them. →They leaving the airport, we waved again and again to them. 3.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在现在分词前加not，其他变化同以上3.1与3.2 As he didn't know anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. →.Not knowing anything about the acc ident, he went to work as usual. 4、当从句的谓语动词是一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的被动态时： 4.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并去掉be保留过去分词即可。 As the teacher was surrounded tightly by a group of students, he couldn't get away. →Surrounded tightly by a group of students the teacher cou ldn't get away. 4.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上4.1 A. As the car was trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. →The car trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. 4.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not外，其他变化同以上4.1与4.2 As he was not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. →Not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. 5、当从句的谓语动词是完成时态(现在完成时与过去完成时)时：
现在分词短语作状语 一、时间状语 1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。 此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作"一（刚）……就……"。 此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表 示。如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。 2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如： Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。 注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。 3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done 的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。 这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。 这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如：Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play. After having finished his homework, the boy… After /when he had finished his homework, the boy… 二、原因状语 1．分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。 Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。 = Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help. 2．当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如： Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
聊聊分词短语作伴随状语 先铺垫下：其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是'正如…'，'就像'，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情。 以上那个句子中，老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）大家明白这个意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况：
1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1 以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.'being done'和'done'的区别 1）being done---->'又被动，又进行” 2）done------->“又被动，又完成” 1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用'done'就用'done'(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D)
分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别
现在分词短语作结果状语的用法 要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法，须注意以下几点： a. 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，关于这一点可以从上述几个句子的翻译中不难看出。如：Winter in India sets in November and continues until February, permitting the cultivation of wheat. b. 表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后头，其前常有一逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。如：Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide. c. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子。因而，在前一中情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语；在后一中情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. = … and broke it into pieces. / La ughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption （=which boosts heart rate and oxygen consumption）. (2011年考研英语真题完形填空中的一句话)
语法知识篇：作状语的现在分词短语 现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原 因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来， 这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。下面分述如下： 一、作时间状语 如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如： ①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. 他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。 ③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot. 有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动 作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事"，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情 况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一 般式。例如： ①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。 ②Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. 那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。
使用现在分词作状语时应该注意的几个问题 1、问: "Cann’t you read?" Mary said, to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 答案是A。碰到这一类型的题,不知道从哪个角度考虑,请解释一下好吗? 答:这道考查了现在分词作伴随状语的用法。分词的此种用法,一般可用and连接的并列谓语动词来互换。因此C项缺少连接并列谓语动词的and;B、D属于动词时态的错误。要将动词变成过去式,才能构成谓语。如: She stood there waiting for the bus.= She stood there and waited for the bus. They sat in the garden talking about the days they spent together. = They sat in the garden and talked about the days they spent together. 注意:①如果分词作状语表方式时,通常不能改为and连接的并列谓语动词,但可用by+动名词来改写。如: They eat using the fingers of their right hands. (分词using短语表方式) = They eat by using the fingers of their right hands. ②现在分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别: The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. (NMET94) A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 答案是B。如果将逗号改为and,则选C,即并列谓语动词;如果没有逗号,则A、B都对,A 项不定式作目的状语,B项作伴随状语。又如: He sent me an E-mail, to get further information. (2000上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 答案是B。可改写为He sent me an E-mail and hoped to get further information. 或可改写为目的状语He sent me an E-mail to get further information. ③分词表示的动作一般和谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生的。如果分词的动作先发生,则要用分词的完成式。如: Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio. Having been there more than once, the old professor did not show us around the lab. 如果两个动作之间,发生在前的一个用谓语动词来表示了,那么发生在后的动作就不能用分词, 而只能采用并列的谓语动词来表示。如: She set out soon after dark home an hour later.(NMET94) A. arriving B. to arrive