2019年高考英语非谓语动词语法必考考点
(名师解读必考语法+实战真题，建议下载练习)
【考点解读】
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。
【高考考点透视】
1. 非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比；
2. 非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点；
3. 非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式；
4. 不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比；
5. 不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点；
6. 过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法；
7. 不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等；
8. 带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如
果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这
一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
【答案与解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。
依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词
还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、
结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状
语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，即
它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽
然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
1.____tired of Tom’s all
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
【答案与解析】一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句
子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据
非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓
语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般
式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重
点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特
别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般
来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会
出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
【答案与解析】这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有
它自己的逻辑主语，即“是末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”，“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系，
正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
【答案与解析】同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻
辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语
(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓
语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所
表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词
的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其
逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear
【答案与解析】依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it 作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
【答案与解析】根据对句式的分析，可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式，即to be，第2题应该填动名词，即waiting。
六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓
语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的
时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语
往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用
现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的
被动语态。例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
【答案与解析】依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正
在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
【真题分析】
一、单项选择
1. (2018·
北京卷) _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”
做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
2. (2018·
北京卷) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together
_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
【答案】B
3. (2018·
北京卷) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
4. (2018·
天津卷) I didn't mean ________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I
it.
couldn’t help_______
A. to eat；to try
B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try
D. to eat；trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以
忍至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing 不住做。故选D。
5. (2018·
天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. take
【答案】B
6. (2018·
江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______
the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded
B. to exceed
C. exceeded
D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
7. (2017·天津卷) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed
B. allowing
C. having allowed
D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治
疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing 即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。 A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。
江苏卷) Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing 8. (2017·
new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【答案】A
9. (2017·
北京卷) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online
______ their valuable time.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来
节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。
10. (2017·北京卷) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging
B. range
C. to range
D. ranged
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
二、单句填空
新课标I卷) You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit
1. (2018·
【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。
2. (2018·新课标I卷) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词
形式作宾语。故答案为dying。
新课标II卷) China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) 3. (2018·
its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen V oegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。
新课标III卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) 4. (2018·
directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge).
【答案】looking; challenged
新课标III卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and 5. (2018·
watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。
浙江卷) I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and
6. (2018·
I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查remember的用法，remember to do记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为visiting.
新课标I卷) They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover 7. (2017·
from injury and for several other bodily functions．
【答案】to process
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。
8. (2017·
新课标I卷) …by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
【答案】eating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。
新课标II卷) This included digging up the road，63 (lay) the track and then 9. (2017·
building a strong roof over the top．
【答案】laying
10. (2016·新课标III卷) People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it．
【答案】using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分
词作状语。
三、单句改错
1. (2018·
新课标I卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 【答案】sell→selling
【解析】考查非谓语动词，介词by后接动词ing形式，故答案为sell改为selling。
新课标II卷) …but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents 2. (2018·
would not to let me.
【答案】watching→watch
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我请求看（动画片），我的父母都
不让我看。ask to do sth请求做某事。故答案为watching改为watch。
新课标III卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his 3. (2018·
or her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait →waiting
【解析】根据句子结构，此处应用分词作状语，因此wait改成waiting。
4. (2017·新课标I卷) The instructor kept repeating the wor ds, “Speed u p!”“Slow down!”“ Turning left”
【答案】Turning→Turn
并列, 故【解析】考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句, 并和上文中的“Speed up”
和“Slow down”
改为动词原形Turn。
新课标II卷) We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
5. (2016·
【答案】take→taking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分, 且介词后接动名词形式, 所
以将take改为taking。
新课标III卷) I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
6. (2016·
【答案】wear→wearing
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
浙江卷) He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.
7. (2016·
【答案】knowing→know
陕西卷) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits
8. (2015·
with happy laughter!
。
【答案】enjoy→enjoying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。在介词of之后要用动词-ing形式。
四川卷) We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
9. (2015·
【答案】sing→singing
花费时间做某事”, 为固定用法。【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth. “
浙江卷) I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.
10. (2015·
【答案】sit→sitting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。enjoy后要接动词—ing形式。
【对点测试】
一、单项选择
天津市静海县一中) I happen________ her novel these days, while the news of the 1. (2018·
author is spreading fast in the media.
A. to read
B. to be reading
C. to have been reading
D. to be read
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这个作家的新闻在媒体上飞快传播时，我碰巧这些
日子正在读她的小说。happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”，由下文的时间状语可知，表示现阶段正在进行的动作，用不定式的进行时，故选B。
“read”
2. (2018·北京市朝阳区) ______ an opposing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases.
A. To express
B. Expressing
C. Expressed
D. Being expressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了能有效地表达相反的观点，你可以用以下的词语。根据句意可知用动词不定式作状语表示目的，故选A。
海淀二模) Personally speaking, ________the grand blueprint into reality is a long 3. (2018·
process.
A. turning
B. turn
C. turned
D. having turned
【答案】A
【解析】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，将这个宏伟的蓝图变成现实是一个漫长的过程。
做主语，所以要用动名词形式，故该空填turning。“_____ the grand blueprint into reality”
A选项正确。
天津市南开中学) A 9.0 magnitude earthquake rocked the northeast coast of Honshu 4. (2018·
Japan, ______ building in the capital Tokyo and as far as Osaka.
A. shook
B. shaking
C. having shaken
D. shaken.
【答案】B
5. (2018·天津市耀华中学) ______more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn
B. Learned
C. To learn
D. To be learning
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思
为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选 C
6. (2018·北京市海淀区) Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be
semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family.
A. mirrored
B. to mirror
C. mirroring
D. mirror
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹
雪芹自己家族的命运。Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical
是定语，修饰Dream of the Red Chamber，是主句，_______the fortunes of Cao’s own family
Dream of the Red Chamber和mirror之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做定语，C选项正确。
7. (2018·
天津市河东区) He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.
A. making; doing
B. making; to do
C. to make; to do
D. to make; to be done
【答案】D
8. (2018·天津市南开区)___________the effect of culture shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study.
A. To reduce
B. Reduced
C. Reducing
D. Having reduced
【答案】A
【解析】句意：为了减少文化冲击的影响，在去法国深造之前，他尝试看了许多书。表
示目的，用不定式结构。
9. (2018·江苏泰州中学) The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.
A. to be cheated
B. being cheated
C. to have been cheated
D. having been cheated
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中考查be said to do表示“据说……”，再根据后句and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。
句意：据说这位艺术家的作品已经被窃取了, 因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版视频。
故选C。
10. (2018·
江苏泰州中学) at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.
A. Sat
B. Sit
C. Seating
D. Seated
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是一个倒装句，seated为形容词作表语。句意：在房间
的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，有两只大眼睛。故选D。
二、单句填空
Day as a big party 1. (2018·河北省衡水中学) Most Americans think of Saint Patrick’s
42 (center) around drinking alcohol.
【答案】centered
2. (2018·河北省衡水中学) …as the proverb goes: “The dragon is awake, 42 (raise) his head.”
【答案】raising
【解析】考查现在分词作状语，分析句子可知，raise在句中作状语，它与主语The dragon 是主动关系，故填raising。
3. (2018·重庆市一中) But boys in a single-sex school are said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that help develop their emotional expressiveness than___44___(teach) alongside girls,
【答案】taught
【解析】考查过去分词。句中主语boys和动词teach是被动关系用过去分词，指男孩们
被教，故填taught.
河北省衡水中学) To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea 4. (2018·
of encouraging people 48 (return) the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides.
【答案】to return
【解析】encourage sb to do sth固定搭配，意为鼓励某人做某事。故填to return。
河北曲周县一中) …he has done a great job in his assignment for his science class, 5. (2018·
43 (witness) the reproduction of animals is a precious experience for kids.
【答案】witnessing
【解析】考查现在分词。现在分词witnessing作状语，与主语he是主动关系，故填witnessing。
河北石家庄二中) This site reports science news 44 (cover) a wide range 6. (2018·
of subjects.
【答案】covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。cover与其逻辑主语This site之间是主动关系，所以用现在
分词，填covering。
7. (2018·河北石家庄二中) The increase is 0.5 percentage points higher than the targeted growth, partly 44 (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企业)
【答案】driven
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：这个增幅比目标增长率高0.5个百分点，部分是受传统
企业大力增加使用新技术的努力的驱使。此处是用过去分词driven作状语，与主语The increase是被动关系，故填driven.
8. (2018·河南南阳市一中) As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, 43 (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.
【答案】creating
河南南阳市一中) Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the 9. (2018·
Taklamakan Desert, which is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road,
46 (lead) to many discoveries and studies,
【答案】leading
【解析】考查非谓语动词。lead与其逻辑主语Researchers之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填leading。
10. (2018·河南郑州市一中) Many of the pictures also showed people 46 (follow) animals and trying to kill them for food.
【答案】following
【解析】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法。句意为：人们在追逐动物，并且想把它们杀掉
当食物。此题是非谓语动词题，句子有两种处理方式，如果按照非谓语动词，主语是follow 的发出者，所以应当用following，如果把后半部分视作从句，则应该用过去进行时。确
定答案(were) following。
三、单句改错
衡水金卷调研卷) Knowing your own potentials and making practical goals instead 1. (2018·
of setting high expectations can keep yourself away from heavy burden, thus enjoy good mental health.
【答案】enjoy→enjoying
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：了解自己的潜力，制定实际的目标，而不是设定很高的
期望，可以让自己远离沉重的负担，结果享受良好的心理健康。此处是现在分词做自然
的结果状语，故把enjoy改成enjoying。
山东聊城市) Thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp 2. (2018·
organizing by your school in the coming winter holiday.
【答案】organizing →organized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。organize与其逻辑主语the winter camp之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，所以organizing 改成organized。
3. (2018·山东祁县) Nowadays, take China’s high-speed trains is a popular way to travel. Firstly, it’s fast and convenient.
【答案】take→taking
【解析】第一句话句子没有主语，所以用动名词做主语，故把take---taking。
4. (2018·山东寿光市一中) Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited.
【答案】hang→hanging
5. (2018·山西孝义市) The people serving there were deeply moved and showed our gratefulness.
【答案】serving→served
【解析】考查非谓语动词。serve和被修饰词the people之间是被动关系，故用过去分词
作定语。句意：在那里服侍的人深受感动。故serving改为served。
四川南阳山中学) Felt quite sorry for that, I began to think about how to do to help.
6. (2018·
【答案】Felt→Feeling
2019年高考英语语法填空合 （全国卷I 全国卷II 全国卷III） 2019年高考英语（全国卷I）语法填空 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
徐老师 2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? 第1页
高考英语之语法填空全攻略 通过认真研读2016-2018年全国新课标卷的语法填空部分，笔者总结了关于此题型的13个考点，分别为介词的考查、名词单复数的考查、非谓语动词的考查、谓语动词的考查、冠词的考查、形容词的考查、词性转换的考查、定语从句的考查、代词的考查、固定句式的考查、祈使句的考查、连词的考查、状语从句的考查,在下面的篇幅中，笔者会针对这13个考点逐一进行深入分析，帮助广大考生更好地理解和掌握此类题型。 （一）介词的考查 （2018全国卷三） I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. （2017全国卷一） This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease. （2017全国卷二） It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. （2017全国卷三） After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. （2016全国卷一） But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. （2016全国卷二） Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. （2016全国卷三） In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands. 命题规律及预测
高考语法考点概述 一、情态动词的考点 常用can/could句式:常用must句式：Shall /Should用法 Will—would--- used to;May/Might; Dare—dared; Need ●情态动词+不定式的完成式： 二、形容词、副词的考点 ●有关比较级和more than 用法 ●比较级表最高级---比较级与否定句连用 ●倍数表达法 ●形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。 ●特殊形式的“非常”及其他 ●以- ing/-ed 结尾的形容词:加ing表“令人…的”;加ed表”感到…的” ●Rather与quite；common/usual/ ordinary/ normal/ average ; available/accessible; calm/silent/still/quiet ●多个形容词做定语排序：好美小高状其新；彩色国料特别亲。A large black steel board 三、状语从句考点before ;when ;where ;as ;since/now that; whoever. 四、定语从句考点whose;when;where;why;that;which;as 五、名词性从句考点what; that; whoever；doubt 六、非谓语动词with的复合结构；there being/to be 七、虚拟语气if; should; otherwise;but 八、时态和语态before; by；主动表被动 九、祈使句的反意问句及回答 十、反意问句I think …; must have done 十一、倒装not until;in no case;now/then ;only +状；so/such…that 十二、固定句型--- 一…就；when 表突然这时;before ;since;强调句型 十三、代词it; that;those;one; the other; another 十四、主谓一致：定从中等 十五、省略---状从中省略；to的省略；及承上省略to 后的动词 十六、动词词组及辨析 break; bring;cut;make;pick;keep;hold;catch; put; turn; call; take seat;sit---fit;suit;match----injure;hurt;wound- 十七、一词多义cover, catch ;strike;reach;follow 十八、一词多性eye; head; shoulder;face;chair;picture;sense 十九、介词beyond; under; in ; on ;with; over 二十、交际用语 高考语法考点详述 一.常用can/could句式: 1.This work is more than I can do.这个工作超出我所能做的。 2.He had run away before I could thank him.我还没来得及他，他已经跑了 3.You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好 4.You can’t pay enough attention to your spelling.你越注意你的拼写越好 =You can’t pay too much attention to your spelling. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c8159859.html,e here as quickly as you can.尽可能快点来= Come here as soon as possible. 6. Experiments can be very expensive.实验有时会很贵
2019年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国Ⅰ卷) 英语 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Where does this conversation take place? A．In a classroom．B．In a hospital．C．In a museum． 2．What does Jack want to do? A．Take fitness classes．B．Buy a pair of gym shoes．C．Change his work schedule．3．What are the speakers talking about? A．What to drink．B．Where to meet．C．When to leave．4．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Colleges．B．Classmates．C．Strangers． 5．Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A．She might want a ticket． B．She is looking for the man． C．She has an extra ticket． 第二节（共15小题，每小题1．5分，满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．How long did James run his business？ A．10 years．B．13years．C．15 years． 7．How does the woman feel about James' situation？ A．Embarrassed．B．Concerned．C．Disappointed． 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
2014-2019高考语法填空真题 1. (2019全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____70____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2. (2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year” for ___61___(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ____70____(wonder).” 3. (2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On our way to the house, it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ___62___(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
高考英语13个语法考点英语语法归纳总结 高中英语离不开语法的学习，无论是英语口语还是英语写作，联系各个词汇之间的就是英语语法。下文小编给大家整理了高考必考的13个英语语法考点，供参考！ ? ?高考英语必考的13个语法考点1、as 句型 ?(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” ?例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.?正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 ?(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; ?否定式：not as/so --- as ?例：He is as good a player as his sister. ?他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 ?(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… ?例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. ?她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 ?(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… ?例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. ?他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 ?(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) ?例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. ?他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 ?(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I） 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1.Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C.In a museum. 2.What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4.What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A. She might want a ticket.
2014-2019 高考语法填空真题 1.(2019 全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000- 25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____________________________________________________________ 70 ____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2.(2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “ Woman Of The Year ”__ f_o6r 1___(be) Britain 's oldest- tfiumlle employee —still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield , ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire 's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement , p”rou adw Iarerdne ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said , “ I don ' t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to. ” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It 70 '(wso nder). ”
高考英语语法考点：冠词语法归纳 高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语选择题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名 人有类似性质的人或事 — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后 This room is rather a big one. 8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握 II. 定冠词的用法 1表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过Would you mind opening the door?
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
2019年高考英语语法 填空 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
（2019全国Ⅰ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. （2019全国ii）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61 （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64 （declare）she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to." Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She