宾语和宾语补足语
1. 双宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语
双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.
We owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition.
They sent us a bill for the new semester .
（在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语）
在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁（for sb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”，即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构。例如：He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
常跟双宾语的动词有：
to: advance, allot, allow, award, bring, cause, deal, deliver, deny, do, feed, fetch, forward, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, proffer, promise, quote, read, recommend, refuse, render, rent, replay, restore, return, sell, send, serve, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, tell, toss, write for: boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, cash, choose, cook, cut, design, do, fetch, fill, find, fix, gather, get, grow, guarantee, keep, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, pour, prepare, pull, reach, reserve, save, secure, set, sing, spare, spread, take, win, write, yield
(to还是for，这里没有固定的规则，主要取决于不同动词的性质，以及句子的意思。简单的理解：to sb.：给谁for sb.：为谁。所以这里的一些常用词的搭配，需要记忆。）bring, leave, play, sing, take, write既可以接to又可以接for, 但意义不同.
Karen wrote a letter to/for her boy friend.
She left her estate to/for her brother. To已继承; FOR有继承权
其它介词
He asked another question of the speaker.
The court accused him of theft.
The court charged him with theft.
The gunmen robbed millions of dollars of the bank.
He struck a violent blow at her.
不能改为介词宾语的间接宾语
特别由下列动词引导: allow, ask(one his name), bet, bid, cost, nevy, forgive, give (one some uneasiness), hit (one a blow), keep (me company), last, lay, lead (her an awful life), make (me curtsy), pardon, permit, play one a trick, reach me my hat, refuse, save me trouble, spare, strike the enemy a shrewd blow, take, wish
The manager allowed him one week of vacation in the summer.
夏天经理给他一星期的假期。
He wished me good morning [good-bye].
他向我道早安[告别]。
宾语从句/复合结构必须放在后面:
He assured me that I might come back whenever I liked.
She taught her child how to swim.
事件和宾格代词作间接宾语
He gave the door a push. 不能说: a push to the door
The headmaster gave it to him./it to John/the book to John 一般用法
双宾语的被动语态:
They offered Mr. Jenkins the mastership.
The mastership was offered (to) Mr. Jenkins. To Mr. Jenkins the mastership was offered.
介词宾语
V+Prep. 只有一个宾语
He called unexpectedly on John.
Did he call on John or (on) Mary?
V+Prep. 有两个宾语
及物动词+名词/代词+介词
Address to/announce to/ blame on/ communicate to/ confine to/ congratulate on/
deprive of/ explain to/ forgive for/ order for /ply with/ protest from/ provide with/ remind of /say to/tell about/thank for
He confined his remarks to that subject.
及物动词+名词+介词(属于习语类)
Lay emphasis on/make allowance for/make a mess of/make an example of/ make much of/ make no mention of/pay attention to/ take care of/ take advantage of/take note of
He took undue advantage of his weakness. They made a horrible mess of the room after the party,
2. 复合宾语=复杂宾语
宾语+宾补
That would drive me mad.
He has proved himself an experienced teacher. We regard this crisis as a danger to world peace.
What makes you in such a hurry?
We consider him to be the best boy in the school.
I noticed the manager pass my office.
I heard someone knocking at the door.
She had an arm broken in the accident.
宾补的位置
The carpenter will make good the broken chairleg.
3．形式宾语
英语中，常用“it”作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it
B. that
C. those
D. them
“it”充当形式宾语，宾语从句后置的情况有下列几种：
⑴在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)时，要用it作形式宾语。在这种结构中that不可省略。例如：We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我发现我们按时完成工作有困
难。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone.她认为他不接电话是不对的。
⑵由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money. 我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。
⑶用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o'clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。We took it for granted that he would come. 我们认为他来是当然的。
⑷不可直接接宾语从句的情况。
在like, enjoy, love, hate, take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam. 都通
过了考试我很喜欢。
⑸不可直接跟that从句的情况。
下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike(厌恶), overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear(听见), see(看见), want(想要) 等，但可用it, the fact 做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。例如：
He overlooked it that he had made another mistake. (正确) 他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。
He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake. (错误)
I admire it that they won the match. (正确)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。
I admire that they won the match. (错误)
练习
1.The people in general looked upon the
situation ____.
A.critical
B.to be critical
C.being critical
D.as critical
2.His use of technical terms left his audience
____.
A.confusing
B.confused
C.with confusion
D.to confusion
3.Are you going to keep me ____ all day
long?
A.to wait
B.wait
C.waiting
D.waited
4.I had a tooth ____ out at the dentist’s
yesterday.
A.pulled
B.being pulled
C.have pulled pulling
5.Is the radio bothering you? It certainly is.
I’d like it ____ off.
A.turning
B.turned
C.to turn
D.turns
6.What exactly did you see, Mrs. Gamer?
Well, Your Honor, I saw ____.
A.a bank being robbed with two men
B.robbing a bank two men
C.two men robbing a bank
D.two men who rob a bank
7.Where did that handsome tie come from? It
was ____ from my grandfather.
A.given for us
B.a gift to us
C.given us to
D.a gift
8.How did you get that green album? It was
____ by my father.
A.gift for me
B.gift to me
C.a gift to me
D.a gift for me
9.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother
____.
A.made a cake to me
B.made a cake me
C.made for me a cake
D.made me a cake
10.W hat did he do? He mailed ____.
A.to him the letter
B.the letter to him
C.the letter on him
D.the letter of him
11.H ow was your weekend? Tiring. My friend
rented a new apartment, so I helped him ____.
A.move it
B.move
C.moving it
D.moved
12.B efore Mrs. Andrews took the witness
stand, he lawyer ____.
A.gave encouragement for her to stay calm
B.encouraged her to remain calm
C.offered her encouragement of calmness
D.encourage that she remain calm
13.M ike’s uncle insists ____ in this hotel.
A.saying not
B.not to stay
C.that he would not say
D.that he not stay
14.I thought that the technician was to blame
for the blowing of the fuse, but I see now how I was mistaken.
15.A lthough Anne is happy with her success
she wonders ____ would happen to her private life.
A.that
B.what
C.it
D.this
16.P rof. Lee’s book will show you ____ can
be used in other contexts.
A.that you have observed
B.that how you have observed
C.how that you have observed
D.how what you have observed
17.B y success I don’t mean ____ usually
thought of when that word is used.
A.what is
B.that we
C.as you
D.all is
18.I know nothing about him ____ he is a
teacher.
A.apart from
B.except
C.beside
D.except that
19.T his law ____ the number of accidents
caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus.
A.intending to reduce
B.intends reducing
C.intended reducing
D.is intended to reduce
20.T he scientific study of the motion bodies
and the action of forces that change or cause motion ____ dynamics.
A.call
B.is called
C.is calling
D.called
21.____ that millions of galaxies exist in the
vast space outside the Milky Way.
A.It is estimated that
B.An estimate that
C.That is estimated
D.That the estimate
22.W hen overall exports exceed imports, a
country said to have a trade surplus.
23.I t ____ that the other planets cannot
support human life.
A.is generally believed
B.is said generally
C.was generally believed
D.was said generally
24.E vidence has been put forward showing
that astronauts exposed to long periods of weightlessness have affected severely.
25.I t is to regret that he is not well spoken of.
26.F arm animals have been regardless by
nearly all societies as a valuable economic resource.
27.W hat did you parents think about your
decision? They always let me do ____ I think I should. DBADC
A.when
B.that
C.how
D.what
28.P lease remind me ____ he said he was
going. I may be in time to see him off.
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.what
29.M ary wrote an article on ____ the team had
failed to win the game.
A.why
B.what
C.who
D.that
30.H ighly precise measurements have been
shown that variation in the Earth’s rotation is largely controlled by climate conditions.
31.A tlantic City, New Jersey, was a quaint
fishing village before the construction of a railroad in 1854, after which the spot gained with popularity as a fashionable resort for wealthy vacationers.
32.M odern advertising is used as frequently to
promote ideas and positions as it is to sale product.
33.I nheritance laws governing the distribution
of property are complicated and differ in the various states.
34.M y master says, “I write well for my age
and am quickly at figures, so that by and by
I shall no doubt do very well.”
35.T his type of medicine really works very
good if you have got anything the matter
with your digestion.
36.D orothea Dix, was known for her work to
improve mental institutions, served as superintendent of nurses during the American Civil War.
37.P roducer Ellis Haizip proven his versatility
by working in television, on the legitimate stage, and in the concert hall.
38.E xperts believe that in the year 2011 almost
ninety percent of the labor force in the United States going be white-collar.
39.S ince 1971 the regional corporation set up
in Alaska by Congress managing everything from fishing to banking.
40.A major step in the development of algebra
was the evolution of an accurate understand of negative quantities.
41.S ince it was only the first week of school,
it was difficult to tell whether the children have enjoyed going every day.
42.W hen the horses had eaten and drank all
they could hold, they lifted their heads and
looked around.
43.J ohn Ransom’s poetry reflects with
sophisticated wit and irony the popular thematic of Southern decadence颓废. 44.C lassicism as a doctrine seeks what is
universally truth and good.
45.A bsurdly is one of the most prominent
themes of twentieth-century dramas.
46.H e was tired of teaching piano lessons, and
____.
A.concluded against it
B.decided to give it up
C.resolved to give it up
D.determined on stopping
47.W e must risk ____ in the storm.
A.getting caught
B.getting catching
C.to get caught
D.to get catching
48.T aiwan is considered by foreigners as
____.
A.have the ideal combination of climatic
conditions
B.to have the ideal combination of climatic
conditions
C.has ideal combination of climatic
conditions
D.having the ideal combination of climatic
conditions
49.T he new president was described as ____.
A.a man of promise
B.someone who would become more
known
C.a man with a lot of future
D.a future great
50.S omeone is ringing the doorbell Go and
see____.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
51. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you consider _______to her?
A. was happening
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. happening
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语补足语的用法定义 1．所谓感官动词，是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。如：notice / observe / see / look at / watch / hear / listen to / feel（常见的共８词）. 2．使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。如：have/ let / make（常见的共３词）。 记忆与使用 难点一：如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词 口诀：“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。”注意：“半帮助”是为了易记加上去的（因help后接的to可省可不省，故叫“半帮助”）。 难点二：对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别 先看感官动词主动结构的用法（以hear为例）：hear sb. do/ doing/ done ' 即其后可接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补。区别是：1）do/ doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。 ２）do/ doing都可表主动，但do指整个动作，经常性动作或强调动作完成了。doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。
３）done指某事由别人做（被做），也作“遭受”解。 试比较：A）I heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。 B）I heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。 C）I heared a song sung．我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。） 再看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ done have后也接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补，区别是：１）do/ doing 均表主动关系，done表被动关系。 ２）do/ doing虽然都表主动，但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。Ｄｏｉdoing指目前正在进行的动作。 试比较：A）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前正确进行的动作） B）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前和将来的动作） C）I shouldn’t have him do that again．（指将来的动作，此处不用doing因do that again暗示将来） D）I am sorry to have had you waiting so long.（指目前正在进行的动作） E）I have had many friends visit me from time to time.
宾语补足语总汇 六、具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等； 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don't allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义 在“ hav e ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)
英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
精心整理 宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：Ifoundhim in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：Wemustkeepourclassroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：Wecallthem mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：Ileftmypen onmydesk athome. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：Sheoftenasksme tohelp her. Ioftenseehim play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat 如：I saw theboy climb thewall（过程） 如：Theboss makes theboy work dayandnight. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去(注意have没有被动语态)。 Thoughhehadoften madehislittlesistercry,todayhe wasmadetocry byhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等）后接不定式tobe+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。 如：Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 如：Heprovedthetheory(tobe)veryimportant. （6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Isawtheboy climbing thewall.（片 段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：Isawanoldman knockeddown byacarjustnow. （8）“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： 1、with+宾+形Helefttheroomwiththedoor open.方式 2、with+宾+副Withtheradio on,grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.伴随 3、with+宾+过去分词Themanwsbroughtinwithhishands tied behindhisback.方式 4、with+宾+不定式Withthisbook tohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkqickly.条件 5、with+宾+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabook inhishand.伴随 6、with+宾+现在分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.伴随 宾语补足语练习题 1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.(NMET2000) A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout
With 结构（with+宾语+宾补）宾补可以是：过去分词，现在分词，不定式，副词，adj.，介词短语 可以做定语，伴随状语，原因状语，结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． (她在跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安，因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.
宾语补足语讲解 一、定义 宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是 主+谓+宾+宾补 三、两种结构 1. 主表型： 1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase) 2. 主谓型： 1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式） 2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式） 3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词） 4) have sth. done. （过去分词） 四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语 1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词" 结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。 如：We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。 He proved that theory (to be) very important.他证明那个理论是很重要的。 I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。 2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。 如：I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。 I don't want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。 3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 如：I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。 Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有 不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。 六、具体说明 （一）副词作宾语补足语 如：I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
宾语补足语讲解 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】
宾语补足语（O b j e c t c o m p l e m e n t)用法归纳概念：英语中含有某些意义的动词跟了宾语后句子仍不完整，还须要一个补足成分，这种补足成分叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语是句子的主要成分，这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的类属、性质、状态等意义；由非谓语动词即不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的动作。
宾语补足语使用注意事项： ①当感官动词和使役动词，如：see hear notice watch hear observe, listen to, feel(感官动词)make have let get(使役动词)接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，动词后要加to。 主动语态：The policeman made him tell everything. 被动语态：He was made to tell everything by the policeman. ②感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe后面的宾语补足语既可跟不带to的动词不定式，也可跟现在分词，其区别在于前者表示“经常性的，习惯性的动作”，后者表示“正在发生的瞬间动作”。 I often hear her sing English songs in the room. Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire!” ③在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. ④有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，如：keep, mind, prevent, stop。动词find, catch等的宾语可由现在分词作宾语补足语。
高考英语语法复习系列： 宾语补足语讲解及练习May 11, 2010 ★宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语 宾语补足语用法: 能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类： 1．感觉动词，如：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如：He heard a distant voice shouting. Did you see a car being driven away? 2．含使动意义的动词，如：let, have, get, make, would like, want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如：We have just had the house repaired. You must get the car repaired. I want the work finished by January 1st. 3．含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：Call me Joe, please. She was elected the president of the company. 这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如： They have made me the chairman. (宾补) They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾语) 4．结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。常见的动词很多，如：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish等。They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help. 5 有几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。如：We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long? ★常见的宾补形式 1. 名词做宾补 ⑴She found him a very clever boy. ⑵They named the child Jimmy. ⑶My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister. 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。例如： In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the second time. The queen made him officer of the guard．John was elected Chairman of the students’union. 2. 形容词做宾补: He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. I found the movie very interesting. We found it important for children to follow the table rules. 3. 副词做宾补Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. Have your shoes on. 4.介词短语做宾补:To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. I found everything in good condition. We thought the material of great importance. 5.动词–ing 形式作宾补 在see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用- ing 形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时- ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且- ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor. ) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ①现在分词做宾补，注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. ②现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： He saw an old man getting on the bus. I don’t want the children taken out in such weather. ③以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. ④有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词
人教版高中英语必修五 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语）
非谓语动词作宾语补足语 定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当. 如：The sun keeps us warm. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系. 一、动词不定式作宾补。 1.V1 + sb. + to do sth. 常用动词有：advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受 beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使 hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请 leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要 oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教 tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告 wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿 persuade (劝说）sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 温馨提示： 1. advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语补足语，即构成 doing sth advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit sb to do sth 2. fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。 They forbade her to leave the country. 他们禁止她离开国家。 Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word. 他要我信守承诺。 练习： Exercise1 1. I didn’t want my parents _________(help ) me. 2. We’d prefer you __________( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom ________( clean ). 4. My parents expect me _________( go )to a ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner ____________( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient ___________( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 8. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 二、在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。 The boss made her work long hours. 主语谓语宾语宾补 She was made to work long hours (by her boss). 主语谓语主补 诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜； 主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, look at, watch, notice，observe)。 注：(1) 动词help后，可以加 to,也可以省略to. I will help him (to) clean the room.。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. 口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。 练习： 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.
宾语补足语讲解及练 习
宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：I found him in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：We must keep our classroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：We call them mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：She often asks me to help her. I often see him play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to；三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 如：I saw the boy climb the wall（过程） 如： The boss makes the boy work day and night. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去 (注意have没有被动语态)。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等）后接不定式to be+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。 如：We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 如：He proved the theory (to be) very important.（6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关 系。如：I saw the boy climbing the wall. （片段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
初中英语语法：宾语补足语 收集整理：王俊尧 一、宾语补足语的概念 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语 构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部 分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。比如说： Iliketokeepeverything tidy. I'mgoingtopaintit pink. 显然是宾语。主语将要做的并不是it，而是paintitpink 。pink 是句句子中的i t 子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是 执行了paint的动作。 二、宾语补足语与双宾语的区别 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是 不同的。 1，比如passmethebook 中，me 是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；thebook 是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：Theygavehimawatch. 这里的him 是间接宾语,awatch 是直接宾语，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。 常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：give,teach,buy,lend,find,hand, leave,sell,show,read 等。 2，在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子 成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：Iheard Jeansingingthismorning. 句子中的Jean 显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是 Jean ，而是Jeansinging 。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上 的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean 执行了singing 的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。 三、宾语补足语的各种形式 能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容 词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如： IfindlearningEnglish difficult.(difficult 是形容词做宾补） Isawthekite upanddown .（upanddown 是副词做宾补） Tommadethegirl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号t 的动词不定式） o 1，名词或代词宾格+名词
初中英语用法——宾语补足语 一、宾语补足语的概念 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。比如说： I like to keep everything tidy. I'm going to paint it pink. 句子中的it显然是宾语。主语将要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是执行了paint的动作。 二、宾语补足语与双宾语的区别 是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是不同的。 1，比如pass me the book中，me是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；the book 是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。 常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read等。 2，在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。 三、宾语补足语的各种形式 能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如： I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补） I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补） Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）1，名词或代词宾格+名词 They named the baby Jim.