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疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

[复习要点]

1 疑问句

一般情况下,疑问句分为以下四种:一般疑问句、

特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句

是构成其他疑问句的基础。

1 一般疑问句

一般疑问句需要用yes或no来回答,因此又叫做

yes-no question(是非疑问句)。一般疑问句和陈述句

之间存在着一定的转换关系:

⑴如果陈述句的谓语动词是be,一般疑问句的结

构是“be+主语”,即be提到主语之前。例如:Are you a doctor? —Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

你是医生吗?——我是。/我不是。

(原陈述句是:I am a doctor.)

Is anybody in?

里面有人吗?

(原陈述句是:Somebody is in.)

Is there anything serious?

事情严重吗?

(原陈述句是:There is something serious.)

⑵如果陈述句的谓语动词含有情态动词,一般疑问句的结构是“情态动词+主语+主动词”,即情态动词提到主语之前。例如:

Can you swim very fast?

Yes, I ca n. / No, I can’t.

你能游得很快吗?——我能。/我不能。

(原陈述句是:I can swim very fast.)

Must we put them away?

我们必须把它们收拾好吗?

(原陈述句是:You must put them away.)

⑶如果陈述句的谓语动词含有助动词,一般疑问句的结构是“助动词+主语+主动词”,即助动词提到主语之前,这类用法体现在“现在完成时”,“一般将来时”和“进行时”。例如:

Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

Yes, we have. / No, we can’t.

你们去过长城吗?——去过。/没去过。

(原陈述句是:We have been to the Great Wall.)Are they cleaning their house?

他们正在打扫屋子吗?

(原陈述句是:They are cleaning their house.)Shall we water the flowers now?

我们现在就浇花好吗?

(原陈述句是:We shall water the flowers now.)

⑷如果陈述句的谓语动词不含be、情态动词或助动词,一般疑问句的结构就是“助动词do/does/did+原陈述句,动词恢复原形”。例如:

Do you often have noodles for breakfast?

Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.

你们早餐经常吃面条吗?

(原陈述句是:We often have noodles for breakfast.)

Doesyour father take exercise every day? 你父亲每天都进行锻炼吗?(原陈述句是:My father takes exercise every day.)

Did they have an English class yesterday? 他们昨天上英语课了吗?(原陈述句是:They had an English class yesterday.)

⑸有时,一般疑问句会用否定形式,表示提问者对某事的赞美、惊讶、失望、怀疑等情感。例如:体会下面句子的情感:

Isn’t it a beautiful lake?

那湖真美啊!(赞叹)

Don’t you believe me?

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2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式 The girl doesn’t do housework at home. 这个女孩在家不做家务。 Man can’t live without water. 没有水人类不能生存。 3. 除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句 (1)用no表示,no=not any/a。如: He has no child.=He doesn’t have any children.他没有孩子。 (2)never绝不,从来不。如: I have never seen such a strange man. 我从没见过这样奇怪的人。 (3)little, few几乎没有。如: There are few students in the crowd. 人群里几乎没有学生。 (4)no one/nobody 没有人。如: No one/Nobody is interested in the book. 没有人对这本书感兴趣。 (5)nothing 什么也没有。如: There is nothing left in the backpack. 背包里没剩什么东西了。 (6)neither of... 没有什么人(常用于两者都不);none of... 没有任何人,什么都没有(用于三者及以上都不)。如:

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英语祈使句和感叹句专项练习题

英语祈使句和感叹句专项练习题 一、祈使句祈使句是表示命令、请求的句子。它的主语是you(听话人) ,通常不说出。【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子,每空一词。 1. 这边请! _____ ____ , please! 2. 我来帮你吧。 ___ _ help you. 3. 我们休息一下吧。 ___ ____ a rest. 4. 让她走吧。 ___ ____ leave. 5. 要永远记住那个可怕的日子。 ___ ____ that terrible day. 6. 务必告诉他这个消息! ___ ____ him the news! Ⅱ. 单项选择( )7. ______ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried ( )8. the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Don' t turn on C. Not turn down D. Don ' t turn down ( )9. —Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. —OK, I ___ . A. will B. won ' t C. do D. don 't ( )10. —Peter, don ' t step on the grass. A. It doesn 't matter B. I can't do it C. Don ' t worry D. Sorry, I won ( )11. —Remember to ask her to call me back. —_____________ . A. Never mind B. That ' s right C. Up to you D. All right ( )12. —Let ' s go out and enjoy the sunshine. —_____ . It 's boring to stay at home. A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Forget it D. No way ( )13. —______ late for school again, Tim! —Sorry, I promise that I ___ . A. Don ' t; won ' t B. Don ' t be; won C. Don ' t be; don 'Dt. Don ' t; will ()14. Boys and girls, ____ up your hands if you want to go for a picnic this weekend. A. putting B. to put C. put D. puts 【指点迷津】 ◆肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。 ◆否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never 或Don' t。 ◆以let 引导的祈使句结构,有以下几种情况: 1. “ Let me+动词原形”,意为“请让我??” 2. “Let's +动词原形”,意为“让我们??” 表示建议或请求。 3. “ Let+第三人称作宾语+动词原形”,意为“让??”,表示愿望、命令或允许。◆在开头的动词原形前加 Do (务必)或Always(永远),表示强调。如: Do write to us often! 务必经常给我们写信。 二、感叹句感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,通常由how 或what 来引导。【练习导航】 Ⅰ . 按要求完成下面的句子,每空一词。 1. These flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句)___ ______ these flowers are! 2. The little boy is very clever. (改为感叹句) _____ the little boy is! 3. It ' s a funny story. (改为感叹句) story it is! ______ ______ ______ girl she is! 5. How delicious the food is! ( 改为同义句) ______ food it is! 6. They are running fast. ( 改为感叹句) they are running! Her sister is a very lovely girl. ( 改为感叹句) lovely girl her sister is! her sister is! 7. I have read a very interesting book. ( 改为感 t do it again4. What a good girl she is! ( 改为同义句)

初级中学英语语法疑问句和感叹句

知识图谱 -疑问句-感叹句一般疑问句和特殊疑问句选择疑问句和反义疑问句What引导的感叹句How引导的感叹句第15讲_疑问句和感叹句 错题回顾 疑问句 知识精讲 疑问句指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 一、一般疑问句 1、一般疑问句概述 一般疑问句,也可称为是否型问句,因为它一般用yes或no回答的,基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调。 对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词;否定回答时,通常是No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not,not通常用省略形式,如: ---Can you swim to the other side?你能游到对岸吗? ---Yes, I can. 是的,我能。 ---No, I can’t. 不,我不能。

注意:回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleasure等代替yes,用never,not at all等代替no,使得语气更加客气,委婉,如: ---Can you help me? 你能帮个忙吗? ---Certainly. 当然。 ---Could you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗? ---All right, sir. 好的,先生。 ---Have you been there? 你到过那里吗? ---Never. 从来没有。 二、特殊疑问句 1. 特殊疑问句概述 特殊疑问句多以who,where,when,which,whose,why这类词开头,其结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),通常读降调,如: Who is it on the phone? 谁来的电话? How many oranges can you see in the picture? 你能在图画上看到多少个橘子? 2. 疑问副词

感叹句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句

一、感叹句 1、如果想表达一种较为强烈的感情,可以用感叹句 2、It’s so beautiful! I love his music! 这种感叹句在句式上与陈述句没有任何区别,只是将句号变成了感叹号,语气变得更强烈。 3、英文中有一种专门表达感叹的句式,即what引导的感叹句 其结构为 (1)what+a/an+形容词+可数名词(单数)+主语+谓语(主谓可省) what a nice girl (she is)! (2) what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语 What beautiful flowers they are! What delicious food! 二、选择疑问句 在问题中提供两个或两个以上可选答案的问句叫做选择疑问句。 Is it by the father or the son? Should I call or email you? Did you come here by bus or by car? or所连接的内容前后必须一致,要么都是名词,要么都是动词,要么都是介词短语。 三、反意疑问句 反意疑问句附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问。也需要用yes 或no来回答。但有时,说话人用反意疑问句加以反问,目的在于加强陈述句的语气,

并不要求对方回答。 陈述句如果是肯定结构,反意疑问句一般用否定结构;而陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句一般用肯定结构。 反意疑问句的结构:谓语+主语 John and Tom are playing football, aren’t they? It is a good film, isn’t it? They will not come, will they?

陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句

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感叹句和祈使句知识点总结

感叹句和祈使句知识点总结 一、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语! 如:What a fine day it is! 2) What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语! 如:What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 2、由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! 例如: How hard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。How fast the runner runs! 3、what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。(具体见下)如:What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:What a nice present!(省略it is) How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 二、祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句尾用感叹号或句号。 1、肯定结构: 1)动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2)Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3)Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2、否定结构: 1)don't+动词原形+其他。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2) Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。 3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 常见考法 对于感叹句和祈使句的考查,常会出现在单选和完成句子中,主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。 典型例题:You should not talk in class.(改写同义句) in class. 解析:本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意“你不应该在课堂上说话”可知,这是建议对方不要做某事的,应该用祈使句。

感叹句和特殊疑问句

感叹句练习 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。 1) _____________cute dog it is! 2) _____________ interesting the stories are! 3) _____________ bad the weather in England is! 4) _____________ cute boy Tom is ! 5) _____________cool your new car is! 二、选择填空。 ( )1. _______ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a ( )2. _______ easy question it is! I can answer it. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( )3. _______ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a ( )4. _______ interesting work it is ! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an ( )5. ________long hair she has! A. How B. / C. What D. What a 三、将下列陈述句改为感叹句。 1. The park is very quiet. ____________________________________ 2. They are beautiful flowers. ____________________________________ 3. He is a clever boy. ____________________________________ 特殊疑问句练习1. I work on the farm. _______________________________ 2. The boys study at Happy School. ________________________________ 3. The students read a book in the classroom. _______________________________ 4. She works in Tianjin Hospital. _______________________________ 5. His father works in a factory. ________________________________ 6. Peter studies at Happy School. ________________________________

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句精讲精练

[知识要点梳理] 一、英语句子按用途可分为四类: 1、陈述句:用来说明事实或说话人的看法,包括肯定句和否定句。 如:He is a doctor. I didn’t go to school yesterday. 2、祈使句:用来表示请求、命令。如:Be quiet! Don’t play with fire! 3、问句:用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 如:Do you like English? What time is it? Does he like playing football or playing basketball? They went out, didn’t they? 4、感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情。如:What a fine day it is! How beautiful! 二、用法讲析: 1、陈述句:中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式: (1)含有谓语动词be,变否定时,be后加not即be not…… I am a teacher → I am not a teacher. There are some books→There are not any books. (2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如:work live)时,要用助动词do/does/did + not + 动词原形。 如:They like swimming→They don’t like swimming. I came late → I didn’t come late (3) 句中含有all,both的句子,变完全否定时,要将all→none, both→neither, both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。 如:All of us watched the TV → None of us watched the TV. Both of them are students.→Neither of them is a student. Both Tom and John have done the homework.→ Neither Tom nor John has done the homework. (4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为have/has+not+done或 had+not+done (5) had better do something变否定时为had better not do… 如:You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest. 2、疑问句: (1)一般疑问句:一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。 I Tom at home? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. Can you swim? Yes, I can./No, I can’t. Have they been to Beijing?

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