高一上学期U1基础语法讲解
一、本节内容
（一）过去完成时
1.过去完成时：
?1).概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
?2).时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
?3).基本结构：have/has + done
?4).否定形式：have/has + not +done.
?5).一般疑问句：have或has提前
概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
构成：过去完成时由"助动词had + 过去分词"构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.
2、过去完成时的判断依据:由时间状语来判定
? 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
Eg: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
? 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
Eg: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
? 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
Eg: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
3.课堂练习:
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
二．句型转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否定）
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）
三.Keys:
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1. had painted... moved
2. had made ... died
3. had studied…left
4. had run away..arrived
5. had turned off …went
6. went …had made
7. said …had read 8 failed …had made 9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got
1．I hadn't sold the ticket when she came.
2. She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.
3. They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.
4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?
5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet?
6. Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7. What had he done when you saw him?
8.What did he do when he had read the note?
9. Why didn't Jack go to the cinema?
10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child?
(二).过去将来时：
?定义：
它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。句中会带有“过去某个时间点”的状语：
Eg：He said he would come here next Friday.
他说他下周星期五来这儿。
?基本构成
1 ) would + 动词原形
Eg：He asked me if I would stay here.
他问我是否要待在这儿。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
过去当你请她帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
2 ) was / were going to + 动词原形
Eg：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.
没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
他说将要拍我去火车站接她
3 ) was/ were about to + 动词原形
Eg：He said that they were to leave at six.
他说他们将于6点动身。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
4) was / were to + 动词原形
Eg：The building was to be completed next month.
这座建筑改在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
李蕾很快就要到了。
5) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词或was / were +现在分词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来
Eg：He was leaving the next day.
他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
基本用法
1 ) 主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。
Eg：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.
没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
He said he would never go there again.
他说他绝不会再去那儿。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.
他没料到我们会全在那儿。
2) 表示过去习惯性的动作
Eg：During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.
在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.
无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
3) 表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。
Eg: They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .
甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
3. 课堂练习:
Ⅰ、单项选择
( )1. A: The train is leaving right now , but David hasn’t arrived yet .
B: Well , he said he ______ here on time .
A. came B, will be C. would come D. can be ( )2. They wondered if their teacher ________ them another story the next week .
A. would tell
B. had told
C. will tell
D. told ( )3.The teacher said that she ______ us to the park the next day .
A. will take
B. has taken
C. would take
D. is taking ( )4. Xiao Hua told us that she _______ a film with her mother the next day .
A. would see
B. will watch
C. would have a look at
D. will see
( )5. They said that they ________ to England the next day .
A. will fly
B. had flown
C. would fly
D. flew
( )6. His father has gone to Shanghai . He said that he ______ in a week .
A. had been back
B. would be back
C. was going back
D. will be back ( )7. A: What did your son say in the letter ?
B: He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit
B. has visited
C. is going to visit
D. would visit ( )8. He told me that he _____ to London the next day .
A. would go
B. go
C. went
D. has gone
( )9. He told me he _____ see me again before long .
A. will come to
B. is going to come
C. would come to
D. comes to
( )10. He said that he _____ in two days .
A. would come back
B. will come back
C. comes back
D. came back
( )11. We hoped that they ______ leave at once .
A. will
B. shall
C. should
D. would ( )12. My brother said that he _____ going ____ his friend the next day .
A. was ... to meet
B. would go ... has
C. will go ... was going to
D. will go ... will ( )13. The teachers told me that they _______ me to smooth away the difficulties .
A. helped
B. will help
C. help
D. were going to help ( )14. I heard that she _____ apples if she was free .
A. was picking
B. will pick
C. was going pick
D. was going to pick ( )15. He asked what you ______ when you grew up .
A. were
B. will be
C. were going to be
D. had been ( )16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left
B. had left
C. has left
D. left
( )17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived
B. had lived
C. have lived
D. were living
( )18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived
B. was arriving
C. arrived
D. had arrived
( )19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
( )20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished
B. will finish
C. finishes
D. has finished
Ⅱ、用动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads ________ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
Ⅲ、句型转换
1. I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）
9.Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）
答案：
Ⅰ.1-5 CACBC 6-10 BDACA 11-15DADDC 16-20 DCCBB
Ⅱ. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving
6. would lend
7. would be
8. would help
9. finished, was 10. was having, got Ⅲ. 1. I had not sold the ticket when she came.
2.She had not sung a song to us before she danced.
3.Theydidn’t began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
4.By 10:00 a.m, had you been very hungry.
5.Had Lucy already completed the project when I arrived.
6.By the time he got to the airport, had the plane taken off.
7. What had he done when I saw him?
8. What did he do when he had read the note?
9. Why didn’t Jack go to cinema?
10. How long had you had the toys?
翻译练习2 20130928 1.事实上，我更喜欢和有礼貌的人交谈。( prefer) ________________________________________________________ 2.孩子对父母说话的方式应该表现出尊重 (the way). _________________________________________________________ 3.在西班牙，意大利和希腊，那些人们站得很近互相交谈的地方，眼神交流更频繁和持续更久（where）. ___________________________________________________________________ 4.他走进房间时，她朝他看了一眼，又深深地叹了口气。（as; sigh） ___________________________________________________________________ 5.给别人留下好印象的关键就是注意你交流的方式 (key, impression) ____________________________________________________________________ 6.在西方文化中，交谈时保持眼神交流是必要的。（maintain） ________________________________________________________________________ 7.老师常常提醒我们要毫不犹豫地向她寻求帮助，并且她总是使我们感到受欢迎。（remind） _________________________________________________________________________ 8.如果你不知道解决这些问题的关键是什么，请直接问我。（key, hesitate） ________________________________________________________________________ 9.缺乏眼神交流可能表示紧张。（lack of; signal） ___________________________________________________________________ 10.头发问题通常是饮食不健康的结果（result）. ____________________________________________________________________
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练习册P12 1.多喝水能防止头发变得干燥。（keep…from…） Drinking more water will keep your hair from becoming dry. 2.河上仅有的一座桥在地震中被毁了。（damage） The only bridge on the river was damaged in the earthquake. 3.一定要选择适合你发质的护发用品。（sure） Be sure to choose the hair products that suit your hair. 4.过度使用电吹风对头发的伤害非常大。（overuse） Overusing the hairdryer can do harm to your hair. 5.这家商场里所有的电子产品均保质三年（guarantee）。 All the electronic products in the shop are guaranteed for three years. 6.你穿绿色的很漂亮，看来绿色很适合你啊（suit）。 You look nice in green. It seems that green suits you very much. 7.在干燥的冬季，不要忘了在洗脸后涂乳霜。（apply） In the dry winter, do not forget to apply cream to your face after washing it. 8.城市里有空气污染，因此常洗头是明智的。（shampoo; it is wise for…to…） City air is polluted, so it is wise for you to shampoo your hair often. 9.用了许多种药之后，她终于找到了治疗胃痛的良药。（remedy） After trying many kinds of medicine, she finally found the remedy for her stomachache.
Sentence 1--6 and Unit 1&2 Name ________ Class ________ Score ________ I. Phrases 1.不知道 be ignorant of/about sth 2.据报道 It's reported that 3.在...的帮助下 with the help of 4.对...开放 be open to 5.情不自禁地做...can't help doing sth. 6.把笔记本留在学校 leave the notebook at school 7.在历史上 in history 8.发现钱包被偷 find the wallet stolen 9.毫不犹豫 without hesitation 10.采取...的新方法 take a new approach to II. Sentences 1.记住任何孩子都需要爱和关注。(bear) Bear in mind that every child needs love and attention. 2.这是如此重大的一个项目，我们不得不十分小心。（such…that…） It is such an important project that we will have to be very careful. 3.我们别无选择只能接受多数人的决定。(choice) We have no choice but to accept the majority decision./decision made by most people. 4.我似乎从前读过这篇文章。（seem to） I seem to have read this article before. 5.别管那个男孩，他会自己作出决定的。(leave) Leave the boy alone, and he can make up his own mind. 6.由于缺乏睡眠，我有黑眼圈了。（lack of） I’ve got dark rings under my eyes for lack of sleep. 7.在公众场合，用手机大声打电话被认为是粗鲁的，并且要避免。（consider） In public places, talking loudly on the mobile phone is considered rude and should
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牛津上海版高一英语上学期期末检测试卷附答案 一、单项选择 1．The young man was glad that his experience as a cook in the army finally _______. A．paid off B．paid for C．paid up D．paid back 2．Don’t worry, I won’t tell your mother you’ve been punished in school. You see, ________. A．It’s none of your business B．I feel on top of the world C．my lips are sealed D．I’m all thumbs 3．This exhibition brings together portraits, figure studies and anonymous snapshots to help visitors explore the wildly ________ nature of the human face. A．balanced B．Expressive C．frequent D．ordinary 4．A lack of eye contact might be thought of as a lack of ________ in some western countries. A．boredom B．Hostility C．interest D．confusion 5．My business partner is senior ________ me ________ two years. A．to... by B．to... for C．by... to D．by... for 6．In Shangri-la, the peaceful world, who had discovered how to stay young forever. A．did people live B．lived people C．people lived D．were living people 7．These cheese cakes are delicious, but they cost an arm and a leg. The underlined part means ________. A．are very expensive B．are harmful to your body C．are not readily available D．are not liked by everyone 8．The nurse insisted that the patient should ________ the medicinal cream ________ his would twice a day to avoid infection. A．apply... to B．rinse... in C．loosen... to D．stress... in 9．Pounding the table, for example, can underline a(n) ________ message. A．subtle B．Universal C．easy D．important 10．—Dad, let’s go white-water rafting! —Ok. But equip yourself first. It is not such an easy job ______________ it looks. A．as B．Which C．that D．what 11．Patients must be ________ when they are in hospital for the recovery from their illness. A．taken good care B．taken good care of C．paid attention D．paid to attention 12．I am now worried about my English presentation, I always have some trouble ________ a good impression ________ front of others.
上海牛津英语高一（上）语言点 S1A U1-U2 S1A U1 Body Language I.Reading 1.well-dressed adj. 穿着讲究的 构词知识：副词+过去分词=形容词 _____________________________众所周知的事实 _____________________________高薪的工作 _____________________________新生的宝宝 2.glance v. & n. 匆匆一看 glance at = cast a glance at He ______________ his watch to see if he had enough time to catch the flight. I had no time so I just __________________________________________ the headlines of the newspaper. 3.senior adj. 级别高的；年长的 级别高的军官 _____________________________ 老年公民 _____________________________ 4.prefer v. 宁可；更喜欢 prefer sth.to sth. 比起喝咖啡我更喜欢喝茶。 __________________________________________________________ prefer doing to doing 我更喜欢走路而不是骑车。 __________________________________________________________ prefer to do 我们宁可在外吃饭。 __________________________________________________________
Unit 6 翻译练习 1.火车由于事故延迟了一个小时。(hold up) The train was held up for one hour by the accident. 2.在考试中你必须利用好时间。(make use of) You must make good use of your time in exams. 3.他拿着一只装有柠檬水的瓶子。(which) He’s holding a bottle which contains lemonade. 4.这个物品，尽管小，却证明很好用。(prove) This article, though small, has proved most useful. 5.听到获得一等奖，她的脸上就露出了微笑。(appear) When she heard that she had won the first prize, a smile appeared on her face. 6. 他们的第一次见面最后成了他们合作的开始。(prove) Their first meeting proved to be the beginning of their cooperation. 7. 爸爸决定充分利用五一假期带全家去青岛。(use) Dad decided to make the best use of the May Day holiday to take the family to Qingdao. 8. 白色农业是指一种在水中种植植物的新的耕作。(farming) White agriculture means a new kind of farming that grows plants in water. 9. 黄小姐家门前花园里的红玫瑰看起来长得很好。(appear; nourish) The red roses which are in the garden in front of Miss Huang’s house appear to be well nourished. 10. 意识到健康重要性的人们正在越来越关注他们的饮食。(aware) People who are aware of the importance of health are paying closer attention to their diets. 11．农业是我国非常重要的一个产业。(agriculture) Agriculture is an important industry in our country. 12．他被告知这个工作需要出公差。(involve) He was told that the job would involve business trips. 13．由于身体差，他退休了。(account) He retired on account of ill health.
U6重点词汇精讲 1.agriculture (n) 农业，农艺 例句：现代农业正在破坏我们美丽的农村。 【拓展】 (1)agricultural (a) 农业的 词组：农产品 农业发展 2.farm (v) 耕种 例句：这家世代都在那里务农。 (n) 农场 词组：live/work on the farm 在农场生活/工作 例句：我现在城市生活，但是我曾经在农场生活。【拓展】 (1)farming (n) 农业 例句：农业取决于天气。 (2)farmer (n) 农夫 3.nature (n) 大自然，自然界 词组：by nature 天生的，天性的 例句：她生性善良。 【拓展】
(1)natural (adj) 自然的 例句：这种感触看起来似乎是自然的。 煤和石油是天然物产。 (2)naturalist (n) 博物学家 4.zone (n) 时区，地带 词组：工业区 北/南温带 停车场 5.mixture (n) 混合物 词组：a mixture of … and … …和…的混合物 例句：我们怀着惊喜交加的心情收听了这则新闻。【拓展】 (1)mix (v) 混合 词组：mix sth with sth 把…和…混合 例句：把油和醋混合然后摇晃瓶子。 (2)mixed (adj) 例句：对于再见到他，我心情很复杂。 6.fertilizer (n) 化肥 例句：农民用化肥来使土壤肥沃。 【拓展】 (1)fertile (a) 肥沃的fertilization (n) 施肥例句：施肥可以让土壤变得肥沃。 7.experimental (adj) 实验性的 例句：孙桥是一个实验研究基地。 【拓展】
Unit 1 Body language Read this story in a school newspaper. Debbie and Simon are college students. They have part-time jobs at a travel agency. They are sitting in the office. Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered. The lady glanced at them both, then walked over to Debbie. Debbie greeted her cheerfully. The lady said, ‘I want to go by train to…’ Simon sighed and took some papers over to the fax machine. Mr. Young, a senior employee, was standing there. ‘What's up, Simon? You don't look very happy.’‘People always prefer Debbie to me. I can't understand it.’ ‘I can. It's the way you communicate.’ ‘How can that be? I don't even get a chance to speak to them.’ ‘Communicating is more than speaking and listening. Your body language is important, too.’ ‘Body language?’ ‘It's the way you stand and sit. It's your gestures and the expression on your face and in your eyes. Your whole appearance communicates things. The way you look at people doesn't give them a good impression, Simon. You often rest your head on your hand. You look downwards. You never smile. You don't turn your head or body towards people. Look at Debbie. She's holding her head up. She looks at people's eyes. She smiles. Your body language is telling people to go away. Debbie's body language is making them feel welcome. That's why they go to her for assistance, and not to you.’
牛津高一英语(上)单词练习 新教材高一英语(上)单词练习 01、She prefers popular music to c________________(古典的)works. 02、She learned to survive in a d________________ (荒芜的) island. 03、The headmaster gave a feelingful s________________ (演说)about good manners to the whole school. 04、Life has many joys and s________________ (悲伤). 05、She is a brave girl. She is never s________________ (害怕的)of anything. 06、He is leading an i________________（独立的）life. He lives on his own. 07、This is his n________________（本国的）town. He was born here. 08、The doctor asked me to show my t________________（舌头）. 09、C________________ (相比较)with the service industry, foreign trade is more important . 10、people c________________ (交流)with each other by means of words. 11、Only a narrow strait(海峡) s________________（分隔）North America from Asia. 12、Her temperature has returned to n________________（正常）. 13、Have you ever had any a________________ (冒险的)experience? 14、The two countries c________________ (联合起来)against their common enemy in the past. 15、You should do with the matter r_________________(有责任地). 16、All these difficulties were caused by natural d________________ (灾难). 17、We ________________（吞咽了）all our food and drink.
Bleach·English ——Baby S1A U1 well-dressed穿着讲究的adj glance匆匆一看v sigh叹气；叹息v senior级别高的adj employee职员n prefer宁可；更喜欢v communicate交流v gesture手势n expression表情n appearance外貌n impression印象n downwards向下地adv assistance帮助n without hesitation毫不犹豫remark说v remind提醒v eye contact眼神交流signal表示v hostility敌意n boredom无聊n confusion困惑n maintain保持v consider认为v lack of缺少 last持续v avoid避免v respect尊敬n authority权力n in authority掌权的concentration专心n subtle微妙的adj stare凝视v rude粗鲁的adj U2 hairstyle发型n suit适合v guarantee保证v on top of the world高兴到极点expert专家n curl卷发n angle棱角n balanced均衡的adj in addition另外 shampoo洗发剂n；v effective有效的adj conditioner护发素n normal正常的adj apply使用v wet把...弄湿v squeeze挤v squeeze out挤出 comb梳子n damage损害v loosen使变松v dirt灰尘n hairdryer吹风机n overuse过度使用v bald秃顶的adj ensure保证v pay attention to注意protein蛋白质n adequate足够的adj dairy product乳制品n stress紧张n rob...of夺去 remedy治疗方法n
牛津英语教材高一上各课同步汉译英练习 Unit One Body language 1.我宁可呆在家里也不同你们一起去听音乐会。(prefer) 1.I'd prefer to stay at home rather than go to the concert with you. 也可译成：I prefer staying at home to going to the concert with you. 2.This headmaster left a bad impression on the parent attending the meeting. 3.While (she was) waiting for a bus, she glanced at the headlines of China Daily. 4.He picked up a little French and Italian during his stay/when he was staying in Europe. 5.If you tell your father what you have done, he 'll be more than a little angry. 6.The retired people can improve their lives by taking up some interesting hobbies. 7.That 's why the prices of gas are widely concerned throughout the world/the world over. 后面 也可译成一个定语从句：That 's the reason why... 8.I may/am likely to forget to return the book to you unless you remind me of it. More reading Eye contact 9.尽管住处离村庄很远，我们与这位老大爷保持着多年的联系。(contact) 9.Although we lived far from the village, we had contact with the old man for many years. 10.The two classmates maintained their friendship all their life after their graduation/they graduated from the university. 11.There are lots of rare animals in China, for instance, pandas and golden monkeys.
上海牛津版英语高一第 一学期 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
上海牛津版英语高一第一学期 language-grammar Language 一、章节分析（一）综述 本章节主要语法---动名词在牛津英语中出现两次: 本课和高二（下）第一课。本课 主要介绍动名词作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语；高二（下）第一课主要介绍一些动词 后接动名词和不定式的区别。故本课不仅要介绍课本上动名词的基本用法，还应扩展 动名词作真正主语用法，总结后接动名词作宾语的动词，归纳带介词to的动词短 语，但不应挖得太深。 （二）目标 学习动名词作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语和表语的基本用法。 （三）教学方法 口语情景教学法( 教师创设情景，学生主要通过口语训练达到对语言知识的掌握) （四）重点和难点 1A部分简单总结一些不含冠词的介词短语 2B部分要细讲 3C部分省略不讲 二、教学设计（Teaching Designs） 《牛津英语一 让学生找出课文中含有动词-ing的句子，分析比较它 们的不同点，引出正题：动名词。 介绍动名词的特点。 教师先利用图片举例，介绍动名词作主语用法，然后 在ppt的辅助下通过图片，提示词，学生小组练习。 动名词作动词宾语，介词宾语等讲法同上。［具体处 《牛津英语教 理这部分内容的建议见[衔接1；课件：gerund] 拓展动名词作真正主语用法，总结带动名词作宾语的 动词，归纳带介词to的动词短语。 ［具体处理拓展部分内容的建议见[衔接2]。
学生写一段话，尽量多用刚学的动名词； 学生做一些教师精选的单项选择，以便巩固所学语 法。 ［具体处理这部分内容的建议见[衔接3]。 1Ask students to find the sentences which have the form of v.+ing in the text . (possible answers): He gave an encouraging smile. Communicating is more than speaking and listening. She is holding her head up. 2Explain the meaning and features of gerunds. Gerunds are –ing nouns. It is a kind of nouns. So in the above sentences, only “communicating, speaking, and listening” are gerunds. As a noun, gerunds can be used as subject, verb object, preposition object, predicative and attributive. Step Two Presentation 1Gerunds as subjects 1)Example: T: What does shaking hands mean? S1: Shaking hands is a sign of friendship. S2: Shaking hands means that you are friendly. （动名词作主语时，位于动词用单数） 2)Practice Students practise according to the example. They work in pairs. S1 makes questions using the pictures and turning the verbs in brackets into –ing nouns. S2 chooses answers from the box. Shaking your fist is a sign of anger.
U1重点词汇精讲 1．glance (v)瞥/ (n)一瞥；扫视 词组：glance at匆匆看一眼 at a glance一眼就… 例句：She glanced at the watch and hurried to the office．她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。 He saw at a glance that she had been crying．他一眼就看出来她哭过了。 ［拓展］： watch注视 observe观察 read读 see看见 look at看着 peep at窥视 glare at怒视 gaze at凝视 stare at凝视 2．senior （a）年长的；级别高的／（n）较年长者；<美>(中学)最高年级的学生 词组：be senior to比…年长(级别或地位高) 例句：She is three years senior to me．她比我大三岁。 3．prefer （v）宁可；更喜欢 词组：prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做A prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿……而不… 例句：I prefer tea to coffee．比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。 I prefer playing basketball to watching TV．比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球。 He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one．他宁愿租一辆车也不愿意买一辆。4．communicate （v）交流；沟通 词组：communicate with与……交流