高级口译2007年3月真题(附加答案)

2007年3月公共英语考试三级模拟试题一及答案(2)Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Part ADirections:Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a thick line across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Text 1After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly （Although your eyelids are closed）. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!46 A good title for this passage is ____.A. Sleep C. DreamsB. Good Health D. Work and Rest47. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____.A. sick C. asleepB. stand up D. a little sleepy48. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.A. dream more often C. nervousB. have poor health D. breathe quickly49. During REM, ____.A. your eyes move quickly C. you are restlessB. you dream D. both A and B50. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .A. approximately six hours C. about eight hoursB. around ten hours D. not stated hereText 2Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera .All they have to so is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have to use his legs if the has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort in his part.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one's sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. We get so used to looking at the movements on it ,so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they havesuddenly found that they have far more time to do things and the they have actually begin to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn't it?There are many other arguments for and against television. We must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.51. What is the major function of paragraph 1?A. To arouse the reader's concernB. To introduce the theme of the whole passageC. To summarize the whole passageD. To sate the primary uses of TV52. Television, as a source of entertainment, is ______.A. not very convenientB. very expensiveC. quite dangerousD. relatively cheap53. Why are some people against TV?A. Because TV programs re not interestingB. Because TV viewers are totally passiveC. Because TV prices are very high.D. Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages54. One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that ______.A. it keeps us informedB. it is very cheapC. it enables us to have a restD. it controls our lives55. According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on _______ .A. its qualityB. people 's attitude towards itC. how we use itD. when we use it。

2001年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and readthe same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.You have been at Furnell University for two weeks now. As usual, you need enough time to _____________(1).You also want to spend time with new friends and______________(2).But, after the first two weeks of classes, you have probably concluded that there isn't enough time to_____________(3), because you also have to attend classes, go to labs, doassignments_____________(4).Soon you will be in a situation for it until 3 a.m. You also have an eighto'clock. _____________(6) and skip the eight o'clock class? To some extent the answer depends on_____________(7).Some instructors announce that_____________(8).In that case you really should go to class. Some don't say anything. In that case you have to decide. _____________(9)it is better to stayin bed and sleep than to get so tired you cannot think. However, it is not a good idea to skip class_____________(10).If you have to skip a class, ask another student for the class notes,_____________(11).Also, come to the next class prepared. If you missclass_____________(12), tell the instructor afterward. He or she may letyou_____________(13).If you have an important appointment, tell the instructor about it_____________(14).Here is another problem. You took the quiz. Even after studying very hard, you could not answer all the questions. _____________(15)you always got every answer right. What went wrong? Nothing. High school work is easy, so a good student is supposed to _____________(16). In college the teacher wants to challenge even the best students. Therefore, almostnobody_____________(17).But maybe there were some very_____________(18)in that course you don't understand. Go see the teacher during_____________(19). Most teachers will gladly explain things again. Of course, they will not be pleasedto_____________(20) to someone who skipped class.Maybe you really should get up for that eight o'clock class!Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefullyand choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) An article about the chances of promotion for teachers.(B) A survey on the behaviour of school boys and girls.(C) A report written by the local education authority.(D) A research into the differences in teaching between male and female teachers.2. (A) A primary school of low quality in teaching.(B) A school for mentally retarded children.(C) A special school for problem children.(D) A section of the school for children between the ages of three and seven.3. (A) Because the society as a whole is mainly made-oriented.(B) Because boys are brought up to be more ambitious than girls.(C) Because male teachers have fewer household chores to do.(D) Because female teachers consider themselves less fit for administration.4. (A) To assume greater responsibilities for running the school.(B) To get rapid promotion.(C) To stay as a classroom teacher.(D) To teach more senior classes.5. (A) There are more women teachers than men teachers primary education.(B) The woman would like to be a headmistress of the school.(C) The woman is considering a transfer.(D) Boys are never brought up to be more ambitious than girls.Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Many opposition party supporters demonstrated outside the party headquarters.(B) The annual parliament session came to a close.(C) The Congress Party reelected its new president.(D) The former Prime Minister was assassinated by a dissident.7. (A) 13. (B) 24.(C) 40. (D) 41.8. (A) A terrorist attack had recently been launched against a government building.(B) US military intervention was widely reported to start soon.(C) A guerrilla war broke out in southeastern jungles.(D) Peace talks were stopped between the government and the country's top rebel group.9. (A) To issue a statement to denounce genocide and war crimes.(B) To set up a permanent criminal court to punish heinous crimes.(C) To ratify a treaty establishing an international criminal court.(D) To appeal to other countries to sign up the treaty.10.(A) To stop importing meat from countries infested with mad cow disease.(B) To destroy all meat and bone meal used in manufacturing animal feed,(C) To take measures to cope with the shortage of animal feed caused bydrought.(D) To import 1 million tons of animal feed from other countries. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) An actress. (B) A singer.(C) A dancer. (D) An air-hostess.12. (A) 9-to-5 office clerk. (B) Taxi driver.(C) Architect. (D) Executive.13. (A) The woman doesn't look after her voice.(B) Talking and laughing can damage your voice as much as singing.(C) Talking slowly helps protect your voice.(D) The woman occasionally works weekends.14. (A) Because she had to stay at the studio until very late.(B) Because she had forgotten about the appointment.(C) Because she doesn't like her old friends any more.(D) Because she is rarely punctual for a dinner party.15. (A) Family life of an artist.(B) The woman's ambitions in her profession.(C) Something related to a music career.(D) What the critics have said about the vocalist.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) 250,000. (B) 350,000.(C) 3, 000,000. (D) 3,500,000.17. (A) The demolition of more and more low-income housing.(B) The rising cost of buying or renting a house.(C) A rapid increase of unemployment rate.(D) A large number of immigrants moving into this country.18. (A) Over 60 percent of them are single mothers with small children.(B) Around 20 percent of them are mentally ill.(C) These people usually have a large family.(D) The typical “street person”is a white male with a poorly-paidjob.19. (A) Because the government is too short of fund to provide sufficient cheap housing.(B) Because people are indifferent, paying no attention to the problems of others.(C) Because people who are concernedjust don't know how to help the homeless.(D) Beca use the “me-generation”are concerned only with their own affairs and interests.20. (A) To know the homeless and understand how they became that way.(B) To launch an all-out war on poverty nation-wide.(C) To provide more affordable housing.(D) To donate to the housing fund.SECTION 2: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C), (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1～5A leaked Barclays Bank document reveals that organization has become a byword for corporate greed explains why consumers hate it so much. Drawn up after unprecedented public relations disasters, the 25-page dossier tells how one of Britain's biggest and most valuable brand names became sullied. It says the attempt to introduce cash machine charges and the decision to close 170 rural branches this year marked the start of an annus horribilis.It con cludes that the bank's brand name now symbolises “a culture of greed”and consumers rightly regard many of its products as “substandard and expensive”. The secret report was ordered by Matthew Barrett, Barclays' chief executive, who was appointed just before the trouble started and has bodyguards to protect him when he leaves his office, “I feel very strongly that there is an urgent need to change the change the management of communications to help facilitate a more positive image, ”Barrett wrote in a memo copied to a select group of executives, including Sir Peter Middleton, the chairman, on May 8.The resulting document-Project Phoenix, PR and Image Restoration Plan 2000—was produced in June. It notes that public relations difficulties caused by the cash machine and closure announcements were “exacerbated” by a critical Treasury report on banking and the disclosure of Barclays executive pay scheme. The latter showed Barrett received ￡1. 3m for his first three months' work and had secured share options worth up to ￡30m.“The almost contemporaneous set of events resulted in a media feeding frenzy, ” says the report. “The group is seen by many...as the ringleader of anti-consumer measures. ”It concludes that the barrage of bad publicity has had “a significant impact”on Barclays brand image, It says the public regards the bank as “generating excessive profits”and creating a “culture of greed. ” Consumers view its products as “substandard and expensive, ”shareholders being put before customers and staff.The report admits: “Many of the group's products and services do not meet the demanding requirements of the Barclays brand and today's highly competitive financial services industry. ” Steps to rebuild t he Barclays name include a scheme to regain favour in areas where the bank has closed branches and lost influence as a result.Ten model employees will be parachuted into rural hot spots to charm local dignitaries. The agents, dubbed “the smoothies” by insiders, will be recruited of their “social skills”, says the report. They will be given titles conferring the “appropriate authority for liaising with MPs, MPs and the media”. They will infiltrate Rotary clubs and other groups to create a positive presence, saysources. “The (agent) would need to have strong communication skills, ”says the report, which puts a ￡1m total cost on the project. “(He) would be a modern manager with the ability to project the new face of financial services, always being on brand and on message. ”* Compiling a database of good news items so that one positive story about Barclays is released every month.* Making media-friendliness a “core skill requirement” for newly rec ruited senior executives, while ensuring that Barrett's future exposure to the media is “managed carefully. ”* Establishing “a proper audit trail for the receipt, review and release of all external and internal communications”to prevent leaks.Eddy Weatherill, director of the Independent Banking Advisory Service, attacked Barclays for tackling its problems with tricks rather than substance. “They need to do something about their image but cheap trickery will get them nowhere,” he said.1.According to the passage, Barclays Bank is facing difficulties because_____.(A) it is losing its profits(B) it has disclosed a secret report about its poor image(C) it is losing many of its best employees(D) it has received much criticism from its consumers2. The word “exacerbated ”in the sentence “It notes that relations difficulties. ..were …exacerbated‟” in the sentence “It notes that public relationsdifficulties...were …exacerbated‟ by a Treasury report on banking...”(Para. 3)can be replaced by_____.(A) improved (B) aggravated(C) criticised (D) questioned3. According to the passage, the new schemes suggested in Project Phoenix, PR and Image Restoration Plan 2000_____.(A) show that Barclays Bank fully realises its problems(B) are designed to change the Bank's image(C) meet stronger criticisms from the public(D) can never be realised as they are too radical4. Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the “expression ensuring the Barrett's future exposure to the media is `managed carefully' ”?(A) His future exposure to the public must be positive.(B) His current image is greatly challenged.(C) His exposure to the public until now has often been negative.(D) His overall image is totally unacceptable to customers.5. According to Eddy Weatherill, Barclays Bank_____.(A) should take substantial measures to improve its image(B) is using its brand name to win more customers(C) is dealing with its problems seriously(D) always used tricks to cheat the publicQuestions 6～10At least 100 women have been mistakenly implanted with another couple's embryo or suffered the loss of embryos because of incompetence by infertilityclinics. An internal audit of the clinics has revealed often chaotic procedures which mean women's hopes of motherhood are dashed by the errors of clinic staff. Cases uncovered by The Sundays Times include:* Deborah Gray, 40, from Strangford Lough, Co Down, who was told that she had been implanted with the wrong embryo by mistake. She had an abortion.* Deborah Mia, 37, from Dagenham in Essex, whose five remaining frozen embryos were thrown away last year even though she had begun treatment for them to be implanted.* A woman who wasted eight years of her fertile life undergoing treatment at various London hospitals, before doctors realised she had a contraceptive coil in her womb.The cases have come to light following she had a contraceptive coil in her womb. Authority (HFEA), which polices the 118 IVF clinics in Britain. The report, based on a sample of 1,400 IVF treatments and 700 sperm donor inseminations, records disruptions to power supplies at “various ”centers, leading to loss of undisclosed numbers of fresh embryos in incubators. It also describes mistakes in data collection, including errors in the names of patients and their families, the inaccurate recording of skin colour of ethnic group of sperm donors, and the reporting of nonexistent pregnancies.Bert Stewart, a senior embryologist and former HFEA inspector who now works in Auckland, New Zealand, estimated that one in 1, 000 test-tube babiesmay have been implanted in the wrong, meaning at least 25 to 30 IVF children in Britain are being brought up by someone other th an their genetic mother. “IF you have a slack checking system, it might take a long time before you realise you have made a mistake. Good clinics have systems where you can spot a mistake straight away, ”he said.Another HFEA inspector estimated that at least 100 women had been affected by IVF errors. Gray sued the Royal Victoria hospital in Belfast for personal injury and damage after she discovered that she had been mistakenly implanted with an embryo from another woman. After the abortion she received an out-of-court settlement from the hospital. This weekend the Royal Victoria said procedures had been tightened up and there have been no similar mistakes.Findlay decided to abandon any further attempts to have a child after Leicester Bupa hospital threw away her last embryo following three failed attempts at IVF treatment. The embryo was allegedly part of a batch for which the labels were lost. Doctors decided to destroy the batch to avoid couples getting the wrong ones. “Losing it is like a bereavement, ”said Findlay, who received ￡2,000.Bupa said Findlay's case was a rare and unfortunate accident: “There was only one other woman's embryos involved in the loss and she accepted that the incident was an accident.” The cases have come to li ght following investigations into the scandal of the Hampshire Clinic in Basingstoke, Berkshire, where up to 40 women discovered that embryos believed to be in storage did not exist. PaulFielding, the embryologist involved, has been released on police bail during an inquiry into what went wrong. The HFEA denied that there were widespread problems in infertility clinics and said any errors were a tiny fraction of the total number of IVF treatments.6. The errors of IVF clinics include all of the following EXCEPT.(A) the implanting with the embryo from another woman(B) cruel treatment causing death of new-born babies(C) the throwing away of the frozen embryos(D) careless treatment leading to the loss of women's fertile life7. The word “polices”in the clause “which polices the 118 IVF clinics in Britain”(Pare.6) can be paraphrased as.(A) patrols (B) assists(C) controls (D) investigates8. According to the passage, in Britain there are probably women/families who have received IVF treatments.(A) between 25 and 30 (B) 1 400(C) fewer than 2 500 (D) about 30 0009. When Diana Findlay says “Losing it is like a bereavement,”(Para.9) she means that.(A) the destruction of the batch is equivalent to murdering(B) the loss of the labels of the batch is a big error(C) the killing of the test-tube baby is against the law(D) the throwing away of her last embryo equals the death of a family member10.Which of the following can NOT be true according to the passage?(A) Errors with IVF treatments are under investigation in New Zealand.(B) Mistakes in data collection can cause vital consequences.(C) Errors of IVF clinics have led to a number of lawsuits.(D) Some women will never become mothers due to errors of clinic staff. Questions 11～15The actual date on which Robert Thompson and Jon Venables will be released is now firmly in the hands of the parole board in the wake of Lord Woolf's controversial ruling. A special three-person panel, which must include a judge and psychiatrist, will have the difficult task of satisfying themselves that the two 18-year-olds no longer pose a danger to the public and that each has shown appropriate remorse for their killing of James Bulger.The parole board yesterday began its preparations, including drawing up a dossier on each of the teenagers, for oral hearings to be held in each of the local authority secuer units in the north of England where they are being held. Probation officers will talk to James Bulger's parents and ensure their views are included in each dossier. Each boy will be present at the “informal inquisitorial hearings”which will decide their future. At the same time, an application will be made by their lawyers next month in the high court before Dame Elizabeth Butler Sloss seeking new injunctions banning the media from disclosing details about them, even though they are now adults.If Dame Elizabeth decides to grant them this anonymity it will be the first time that child criminals have been given such protection since case of Mary Bellin 1968. The right to a private life enshrined in the newly incorporated European convention on human rights is bound to figure strongly in next month's case. Mary Bell was jailed at the age of 11 for the murder of two young children and served 12 years before her release. She managed to remain out of the public eye until two years ago when a book was published about her life and the Sun newspaper found her. She was subsequently given police protection.“A key element will be to ensure their safety and protection,” said Paul Cavadino of the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders, “Recent experience tells us that if they were to be named and shame d by the media, it would put them, and anyone else who resembles them, at grave risk of vigilante attacks.”As Lord Woolf observed, when he ruled yesterday that their further detention would not serve any constructive purpose, their release will not end their punishment. In fact their release on license is likely to mean that they will spend years under the supervision of the criminal justice system.But it will be the question of preserving their anonymity which will prove the most difficult. A new injunction protecting their privacy is likely to mean new names, new birth own lives sufficiently to be convincing. This new identity will apply not only to them but could also apply to members of their immediate family as well.It is highly unlikely that a positive parole board decision would lead to Thompson and Venables returning to Liverpool. Instead, they will be sent ot start new lives in a different part of England. A unique release and supervision plan will now be prepared to ensure that they can resettle into the outside world.The only people who will know their true identity will be a very tight circle of those directly involved in their continuing therapy and other programmes to ensure they do not offend again.Those who they go to work with or study with will not know who they are. However, there will be a police surveillance operation for both of them with a panic button in their homes in case a sudden problem arises. As to their future lives, Thompson is believed to have gained 5 GCSEs and has been studying for A-levels and shown an aptitude for computer studies, art and design, and has considered taking an Open University degree course. Less is known about Venables's educational achievements.According to Lord Woolf, both have maintained contact with their families, Jon Venables benefiting from the continued interest of his parents and Robert Thompson from the attentions of his mother. Lord Woolf also pointed out that, apart form their own welfare, there was also a public interest in ensuring that what had been achieved in their upbringing is not wasted. Society, he said, had invested considerable energy and skilled care in their upbringing. A great deal of money must have been expended upon them. This commitment should be built upon. But for both of them life outside will mean years of supervision after a very difficult period of reintegration: It will be like being on a witness protection programme for the rest of their lives, ”said one criminal justice system source last night.11. According to the passage, Robert Thompson and JonVenables_____________________.(A) are the pseudonyms of two young criminals(B) will be given a life sentence for killing James Bulger(C) have had no contact with their families since their imprisonment(D) will face much difficulty after their release12. Mary Bell is mentioned in the passage because_____________________.(A) she was the youngest criminal in England(B) she remained out of the public eye after her release(C) her case relates to the issue of protecting child criminals(D) her case reveals the basic nature of all child crimes13. To preserve the anonymity of the two 18-year-olds means all of the following have to be changed EXCEPT.(A) their original names (B) their health service numbers(C) their educational background (D) their family histories14. Which of the following can be concluded according to the passage?(A) Thompson and Venables will return to their home town Liverpool after release.(B) Thompson and Venables will use some other names for the rest of their life.(C) Thompson and Venables will complete their university degree course and find professional jobs.(D) Thompson and Venables will live with their families under police protection.15.Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) New identities will probably protect the privacy of the two young criminals after their release.(B) The parole board will decide the actual date of the release of the two 18-year-olds.(C) The anonymity of the two young criminals after release will lead to the revision of related laws.(D) Robert Thompson and Jon Venables will still be legally punished even after their release.Questions 16～20Are Americans a nation of frivolous divorcers who selfishly pursue the bluebird of happiness, oblivious to their children's needs? Divorce opponents like Judith Wallerstein seem to think most parents see divorce as a marvelous opportunity for the whole family. How immature do they think people are? All over America , unhappy spouses lie awake at night wondering if they and their kids can afford divorce financially, socially, emotionally. Where will they live, how will they pay the bills , will the kids fall apart, will there be a custody battle, what will their families say? The very fact that so many people leave their marriage for a future with so many pitfalls proves that divorce is anything but a whim. Most people I know who split up (not to mention my ex and me) spent years working up to it.In her new book, Wallerstein argues that children don't care if their parents are happy－they just want the stability of a two parent household, without which they would later flail through adulthood and have a hard time forming good relationships. This conclusion, like her other gloomygeneralizations(Parenting erodes almost inevitably at the breakup and does not get restored for years, if ever), is based on a small, nonrepresentative sample offamilies who were going through divorce in 1971 in affluent Marin County, Calif. Wallerstein looks for evidence that divorce harms kids, and of course she finds it －now well into their mid-30s, her interviewees still blame their parents' breakup for every rock on the path to fulfillment－but the very process of participating in a famous on-going study about the effects of divorce encourages them to see their lives through that lens. What if she had spent as much time studying children whose parents had terrible marriages but stayed together for the kids? How many children of divorce feel overly responsible for their parents' happiness. But what about the burden of knowing that one or both of your parents endured years of misery－for you?As a matter of fact, we know the answer to that question. The baby boomers, who helped divorce become mainstream, were the products of exactly the kind of marriages the anti-divorcers approve of-the child-centered unions of the 1950s, when parents, especially Mom, sacrificed themselves on the altar of family values and suburban respectability. To today's anti-divorcers those may seem like good enough” marriages full of depressed and bitter people. Nor does it need more pundits blaming women for destroying the family” with what are, after all, reasonable demands for equality and self-development. We need to acknowledge that there are lots of different way to raise competent andwell-adjusted children, which—as, according to virtually every family researcher who has worked with larger and more representative samples than Wallerstein's tiny handful－the vast majority of kids of divorce turn out to be. We've learned a lot about how to divorce since 1971. When Mom has enough money and Dad stays connected, when parents stay civil and don't bad-moutheach other, kids do all right. The good enough” divorce－why isn't that ever the cover story?16. The article can be classified as one of.(A) objective commentary (B) detailed narration(C) chronological description (D) heated argumentation17. It can be concluded from the passage that“good enough” marriages.(A) are the tradition mainly cherished by anti-divorcers(B) are the only accepted practice in most American families(C) display women's demands for equality and self-development(D) reflect the mainstream of baby boomers in America18.According to the author of the passage, Judith Wallerstein.(A) arrivers at her generalizations without investigation(B) carries out her investigation with prejudice(C) interviews a large number of children of divorce(D) only studies the effects of divorce on baby boomers19. The sentence “We've learned a lot about how to divorce since 1971.” (Para.4) implies all of the following EXCEPT that.(A) Americans have changed attitudes towards divorce(B) divorce has been more socially accepted since 1971(C) the procedures of divorce have become more complicated(D) both parents and children have learnt how to cope with divorce20. The author of the passage holds that.(A) the child-centered unions should be continued(B) children could never suffer more in“good enough” marriages。

Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18).In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2. (A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3. (A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4. (A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5. (A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Eleven. (D) Eighteen7. (A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8. (A) Worsening water scarcity. (B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement. (D) Reducing the population in Asia.9. (A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10. (A) 60%. (B) 26%.(C) 21%. (D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.12. (A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13. (A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14. (A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15. (A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17. (A) (A) Managerial. (B) Technological.(C) Financial. (D) Social.18. (A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19. (A) To create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20. (A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff.Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease—poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectiousdisease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries andthe poorest countries.(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the richand the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3. According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy4. Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5. What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poorcountries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and evenenvironmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.7. Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on itshead" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition. (B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition. (D) To integrate tradition.8. In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to thepractice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9. According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment,such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10. All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture—from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.—see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!—while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill."But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk—not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs—though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley—formerly of St. Elsewhere—notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge—for viewers as well as programmers—is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants—though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11. Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV isjumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12. By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para. 4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative (B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative (D) subjective and passionate13. Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14. Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives."(para. 5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15. It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of_______.(A) commodity exhibition (B) display of products(C) indirect advertising (D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire—blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very belief in the freedom that it had preached. After the victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, independence movements across the red-painted sections of the world map, and Britain's own urgent domestic priorities, meant that the Empire was doomed.The moustache too was in terminal decline. "It had become a joke thanks to Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx. It had become an international symbol of 'villainy' thanks to Hitler's toothbrush, writes Dr Brendon. In Britain it was also synonymous with the "Colonel Blimps" clinging to an outmoded idea of colonial greatness.In Eden's faint moustache Britain's diminished international status found a fitting symbol. It all。

2007catti三级笔译考试英译汉真题+韩老师参考译文Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. Andy acted more outgoing with them, more relaxed. People in Chilhowie noticed that.It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C's and D's, and college never felt like home, anyway."I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck," Mr. Blevins recalled. "I just knew I didn't want to quit."So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20's now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960's, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.That gap had grown over recent years. "We need to recognize that the most serious domestic problem in the United States today is the widening gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor," Lawrence H. Summers, the president of Harvard, said last year when announcing that Harvard would give full scholarships to all its lowest-income students. "And education is the most powerful weapon we have to address that problem."Andy Blevins says that he too knows the importance of a degree. Ten years after trading college for the warehouse, Mr. Blevins, 29, spends his days at the same supermarket company. He has worked his way up to produce buyer, earning $35,000 a year with health benefits and a 401(k) plan. He is on a path typical for someone who attended college without getting a four-year degree. Men in their early 40's in this category made an average of $42,000 in 2000. Those with a four-year degree made $65,000.Mr. Blevins says he has many reasons to be happy. He lives with his wife, Karla, and their year-old son, Lucas, in a small blue-and-yellow house in the middle of a stunningly picturesque Appalachian valley."Looking back, I wish I had gotten that degree," Mr. Blevins said in his soft-spoken lilt. "Four years seemed like a thousand years then. But I wish I would have just put in my four years."Why so many low-income students fall from the college ranks is a question without a simple answer. Many high schools do a poor job of preparing teenagers for college. Tuition bills scare some students from even applying and leave others with years of debt. To Mr. Blevins, like many other students of limited means, every week of going to classes seemed like another week of losing money."The system makes a false promise to students," said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.网络译文：英译汉安迪布莱文思曾做过的最大的、同时也是他现在极少为之后悔的决定之一，看起来一点也不像个决定。

1997年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and readthe same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.News can be something the authorities want you to know, or something they would rather keep secret. An announcement of a ___________(1), denial of a failure,or,a secret scandal that nobody really wants you to ____________(2). If the authorities want to tell the world some good news, they issue statements, communiques,and call _____________(3).Or politicians make speeches. Local newspapers, radio and television help to ___________(4) to what is going on. And by making contacts with ________(5),journalists can ask for more information or explanations to help them _________(6).Unless the correspondent is an ________(7), it is rare to trust any single source.Officials have a policy to defend,and __________(8) want to attack it. Rumour and gossip can also confuse the situation.So,you have to __________(9) as much as possible,using common senseand experience as final checks to help establish just what's likely to be the truth,or____________(10).Just getting the news is only half the job. A correspondent may be well-informed, but his job is to ______________(11), the public. So, once the information is available it has to be written_______________(12) which is also easily understood. Particularly for radio, since, while a newspaper reader can turn back and re-read a sentence or two, the radio listener has _______(13). This also means that only a limited number of facts can be contained in a sentence. That there should be an __________(14). And vital information necessary to understand the latest development should be presented ___________(15) in case the producer of a news programme decides to ____________(16) an item, by cutting for example the last sentence or tow.Finally,the style of presentation must ____________(17).A cheerful voice might be perfect for a _____________(18).But it would be sadly out of place for a report of a____________(19).And this would also confuse and distract the listener,probably______________(20) just what had happened and to whom.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once.Now listen care fully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A compact car. (B) A wrist watch.(C) A walkman. (D) A small television.2. (A) Eight year ago. (B) In the spring of 1982.(C) At the end of 1982. (D) In 1983.3. (A) Sinclair. (B) Casio.(C) Hattori. (D) Sony.4. (A) People who show great interest in novelty items.(B) People who work at railway or bus stations.(C) People who travel on trains and buses regularly.(D) People who have monotonous work.5. (A) It's getting smaller every year.(B) It's increasing rapidly.(C) It's expanding only in Japan.(D) It started in the 70's.Question 6 to 10 are based on the following conversations.6. (A) About fourteen. (B) Twenty-eight.(C) Around forty. (D) Over fifty.7. (A) The west coast of Canada.(B) A British seaside resort.(C) The Rocky Mountains.(D) A quiet,unspoilt place in Asia.8. (A) She travels only to safe places.(B) She usually hitchhikes during thejourney.(C) She very often travels by day.(D) She avoids travelling alone as much as possible.9. (A) She stayed in a prison in Norway.(B) She was robbed on a train in Hungary.(C) She was once arrested in Germany.(D) She chose to go to the Middle East to cover the war.10. (A) She wants to enjoy mild climates and hectic life.(B) She feels completely alive while she's travelling.(C) She can have a lot of experience with others.(D) Both (B) and (C).Question 11 to 15 are based on the following news.11. (A) She's considering holding a general election.(B) No general election is to be held very soon.(C) A quick election is in the best interests of the nation.(D) There might be a general election in the near future.12. (A) A strong earthquake hit this area one might.(B) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake.(C) Many families have been made homeless by the avalanches.(D) Five people were missing in the earthquake.13. (A) In north London. (B) In south London.(C) In central London. (D) In west London.14. (A) 250,000 pounds. (B) 500,000 pounds.(C) 750,000 pounds (D) 1,000,000 pounds.15. (A) The hospitals are obviously overstaffed.(B) More people are waiting to be hospitalized.(C) There is a sharp shortage of qualified nurses.(D) The hospitals are charging too much from the patients.Question 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Well over 50,0000. (B) Approximately 50,000.(C) Less than 400,000. (D) More than 400,000.17. (A) Some insurance companies are refusing to provide cover for burglaries in high-risk areas.(B) Insurance agents are selling more and more burglary policies.(C) Insurance premiums rose considerably last year.(D) Insurance companies are planning to offer more insurance products.18. (A) To fit a burglar alarm.(B) To fix good locks and bolts on doors and windows.(C) To leave milk bottles on the doorstep.(D) To check callers' credentials.19. (A) Burglaries always happen while you're out.(B) A burglary may take only a little time to finish.(C) You should keep your curtains drawn in the day to avoid a burglary.(D) Milk bottles left on the doorstep are a warning to burglars.20. (A) A Rising Number of Burglaries.(B) How to Prevent Household Burglaries.(C) Crime and Punishment.(D) Police--an Effective Force to Cut Burglaries.SECTLON 2: READLNG TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C) or(D),to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is started or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1~5The rise of tourist traffic has brought the relatively recent phenomenon of the tourist attraction pure and simple. It often has no purpose but to attract in the interest of the owner or of the nation.As we might expect,this use of the word "attraction" as "a thing or feature which `draws' people,especially any interesting or amusing exhibition" dates only from about 1862.It is a new species: the most attenuated form of a nation's culture. All over the world now we find these "attractions"--of little significance for the inward life of a people,but wonderfully saleable as tourist commodities: Examples are Madame Tussaud's exhibition of was figures in London (she first became known for her modelled heads of the leaders and victims of the French Revolution) and the Tiger Balm Gardens in Hong Kong; Disneyland in California--the American "attraction" which tourist Khrushchev most wanted to see--is the example to end all examples.Here indeed Nature imitates Art.The visitor to Disneyland encounters not the two-dimensional comic strip of movie originals,but only their three-dimensional facsimiles.Tourist attractions serve their purpose best when they are pseudo-events.To be repeatable at will,they must be factitious.Emphasis on the artificial comes from the ruthless truthfulness of tourist agents.What they can really guarantee you are not spontaneous cultural products but only those made especially for tourist consumpiton,for foreign cash customers.Not only in Mexico City and Montreal,but also in the remote Guatemalan tourist Mecca of Chichecastenango and in far-off villages of Japan,earnest honest natives embellish their ancient rites,change,enlarge,and spectacularize their festivals, so that tourists will not be disappointed.In order to satisfy the exaggerated expectations of tour agents and tourists,people everywhere obligingly become dishonest mimics of themselves.To provide a full schedule of events at the best seasons and at convenient hours, they travesty their most solemn rituals, holidays,and folk celebrations--all for the benefit of the tourists.In Berlin,in the days before the First World War,legend tells us that precisely at the stroke of noon,just as the imperial military band would begin its daily concert in front of the Imperial Palace,Kaiser Wilhelm used to interrupt whatever he was doing inside the palace.If he was in a council of state he would say: "With your kind forbearance,gentlemen,I must excuse myself now,to appear at the window. You see,it says in Baedeker that at this hour I always do."Modern tourist guide-books have helped to raise tourist expectations. And they have provided the natives--from Kaiser Wilhelm down to raise tourist expectations. And they have provided the natives--from Kaiser Wilhelm down to the villagers of Chichecastenango--with a detailed and itemized list of what is expected of them and when.These are the up-to-date scripts for actors on the tourists' stage.1.Which of the following can be concluded from the first paragraph?(A) These tourist attractions do not appeal to the local people spiritually.(B) Disneyland is no longer a typical example of tourist attractions.(C) Both tourists and local people are equally drawn by these tourist attractions.(D) Madam Tussaud's exhibition is not one of saleable tourist commodities.2. "Nature imitates Art" means that__________ .(A) Art is two-dimensional and Nature is three-dimensional(B) Disney created a two-dimensional art form(C) the facsimiles are three-dimensional(D) Disneyland is a life-like copy of the original film cartoons3. To be repeatable at will, a tourist attraction must be __________.(A) artificial (B) attractive(C) fictitious (D) facetious4. The locals all over the world in order to satisfy the travelling agents and tourists__________.(A) make their festivals more material(B) adorn and exaggerate their traditional ceremonies(C) change into dishonest tourist attractions(D) decorate their villages for the tourists5. According to the passage, modern tourist guide books ___________.(A) help make tourists excited(B) give VIPs like Kaiser Wilhelm instructions for him to appear(C) are also a source of information for the natives(D) can be used as scripts for acting on stageQuestion 6~10New vocational qualifications to provide an alternative to GCSE and transform school life for14-to 16-year-olds are expected to be announced on Thursday by the Government.Ministers have decided to run a pilot next year in 90 of 4,000 secondary schools.Courses for under-16s could be available in all schools by 1997. Vocational courses for over-16s have proved extremely popular,and hundreds of schools are thought to have volunteered for next year's pilot.The General National Vocational Qualification courses are not designed as training for a particular job.They are class-room-based,so a pupil taking,for instance,manufacturing,might do work experience in a local factory but would not have to make anything.Last week Sir Ron Dearing,chairman of the Schools Curriculum and Assessment Authority,said 40 per cent of the timetable for 14-to 16-year-olds would be freed so that some pupils could pursue vocational courses,while others do the more academic GCSEs.All will continue to do GCSEs in English,math and science, and short courses in modern languages and technology.Critics say the arrangements will divide pupils into sheep and goats,and could lead to the creation of specialist academic and vocational schools. Supporters say the new courses will motivate non-academic pupils so that fewer leave school without qualifications.The new courses in health and social care,business and manufacturing are being introduced despite fierce criticism of present vocational qualifications for over-16s in reports from school inspectors and academics.The inspectors said the course content was too vague and that assessments,done mainly by teachers, were unreliable.However,the GNVQs will be modelled closely on those for over-16s, which have six units.Pupils will study three of the six,and will also have to reach agreed standards in three "core skills" of literacy, numeracy and information technology, which will account for 40 per cent of the marks.David Blunkett, Labour's education spokesman, said it was vital that the new qualifications were seen as high-quality.Don Foster,the Liberal Democrats' education spokesman,said: "There must be some concern that the recent criticism of the new GNVQs appears not to have been taken on board.It is vital that they are got right first time, given the crucial role they will play in achieving parity of esteem between academic and vocational qualifications."6. According to the passage, the vocational qualifications ____.(A) constitute part of the GCSEs(B) serve as a supplement to GCSEs(C) are mainly for over-16s(D) are designed as training for a particular job7. The phrase "to run a pilot" (para. 2) can best be paraphrased as which of the following?(A) to set up a vocational school(B) to continue a training course(C) to operate an experimental course(D) to begin a driving class8. The critic's view that "the arrangements will divide pupils into sheep and goats" means that pupils ____.(A) will be fairly separated and treated(B) will be grouped based on their vocational abilities.(C) will be placed either in more academic or non academic groups(D) will be treated either cruelly or indiscrimitively9. The last two paragraphs of the passage ____.(A) summarize the main idea of the article(B) convey the general plan for vocational qualifications(C) show the opposition against vocational qualifications(D) introduce responses from other parties10.Which of the following can NOT be found in the passage?(A) Courses for vocational qualifications will be modelled on those for over -16s.(B) Vocational courses will not be offered in most schools before 1997.(C) Courses in health and social care, business and manufacturing meet fierce criticisms from school inspectors.(D) Courses in English, math and science are required of all the pupils.Question 11~15One in eight students with a government loan is unlikely ever to repay the debt,a report published today says.The figure is likely to be a further blow to government plans to privatise the loan scheme,announced in the Queen's Speech last week.The Student Loans Company has told the National Audit Office that 142 million of outstanding debt is unlikely to be recovered.The loans company admitted recently that outstanding loans totalled more than 1 billion.The report also highlights questions about the loans company's competence, and records the collapse of its telephone system. Out of 1.1 million attempted calls by students in November 1994 only 41,000 were answered.Sir Eric Ash,head of the Student Loans Company,has already told ministers that the banks are unlikely to want to take over the scheme.The audit office report is likely to reinforce their reluctance.The audit office, the public spending watchdog, found that almost half of all students who had received loans had been granted a deferment on repayments because their income fell beneath the statutory threshold. Students are not required to repay a loan until a year after completing their course and then only if their income reaches 85 per cent of national average earnings.The audit office found that of 269,000 students who should be repaying loans,122,000 had been granted deferment.The loans company told the audit office that it recognised "it may be difficult to maintain contact with the large number of repayers in deferment".The company admitted that ￡142 million,about 12 per cent of the outstanding loan portfolio of ￡1.178 billion,might not be recovered due to long-term deferment,death and default.The audit office report says that the loans company's financial statements do not include any record of nonrecoverable sums "because they are liable to remit to the Education Department only those monies they actually succeed in recovering".As a result of the audit office's objections,the annual accounts will in future include provision for irrecoverable loan debt.The report found that the loans company had improved its efficiency in the light of previous criticism and processed 517,000 applications for loans in the last academic year.However,35,000 students experienced significant delay in getting grants.The Commons Public Accounts Committee will question officials on the report next month,when the proposed privatisation is expected to come under attack as unrealistic.Bryan Davies,Labour's education spokesman,said: "The report shows there is considerable uncertainty in detailed business planning for student loans. The Government has not answered why banks and building societies should want to handle such unpredictable loans,yet it is rushing privatisation through Parliament."The Student Loans Bill will be debated in Parliament on Monday.11.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The privatisation of the student loan project.(B) The debate on the student loan scheme.(C) The issue of nonrecoverable student loan debt.(D) The development of the Student Loans Company.12.Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?(A) One in eight students receives government loans.(B) Fifty percent of students repay government loans.(C) Most students apply for government loans.(D) Over twelve percent of loan receivers may not repay their loan debts.13.Which of the following is NOT true about the Student Loans Company?(A) Its telephone system is simply not adequate enough.(B) The company improved its efficiency greatly.(C) It is a privatised company.(D) The company has difficulty in keeping contact with loan repayers.14. All of the following are causes of difficulty in the repayment of student loans EXCEPT that____.(A) the Student Loans Company loses contact with repayers(B) some students' income falls beneath 85% of national average earnings(C) some students are granted long-term deferment(D) banks are not directly involved in student loans15.Which of the following is not directly stated, but implied in the passage?(A) Students should start to repay a loan a year after graduation.(B) The Student Loans Company expects banks' involvement in the loan scheme.(C) The privatisation of student loans project does not receive much support.(D) The Labour Party holds critical view towards the privatisation of the loan scheme.Question 16~20THE Government yesterday unveiled a "new realist" strategy against drugs and acknowledged the failings of previous attempts to stop growing abuse.Four Cabinet ministers announced proposals emphasizing the need to educate and inform young people of the facts and risks, abandoning earlier shock tactics.Michael Howard,the Home Secretary,said there was "no magic wand" that would wish away the problem once and for all.Instead, ministers sought to co-ordinate and build on the successes of local initiatives, while targeting suppliers.They pledged to train more teachers to take theanti-drugs message into classrooms,including primary schools,issue guidance to head teachers and launch a national helpline for parents.The Home Office estimates that heroin users financing their habit were responsible for thefts and robberies worth up to ￡864 million in 1992. In any one year,some three million people take an illegal drug.Most police forces only caution people caught using soft drugs for the first time.Tony Newton,the chairman of the Cabinet sub-committee on the misuse of drugs,highlighted the shift in strategy and publicly recognised the "intractable" nature of the problem."We always want to learn from experience.I think some of the shock tactics that have been used in one or two earlier campaigns have not proved as effective as we would have liked."The 114-page Green Paper,Tackling Drugs Together,has jettisoned earlier language about "drug abusers" and the "war on drugs",talking instead of "drug users" while putting a premium on pragmatic,community-led initiatives.It concedes that contact with drugs is now part of growing up.The paper says:"As part of adolescence and maturing,young people experiment with different values and behaviours.While this strategy proposes a strong emphasis on preventing young people from misusing drugs in the first place there will still be some who choose to experiment even if they have both the knowledge and the skills to resist peer pressure."Eric Forth,the education minister,said that some schools had been inclined to ignore the drugs problem,because even talking about it risked giving them a bad name.He said: "We hope that by acknowledging the need to deal with this problem,saying it's something that all schools should be doing,we will give action against drugs the seal of approval."16.Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) The government admits its failure in fighting against drugs.(B) The Home Office will continue its policy to reduce drug-related crime.(C) The government plans to change its strategy against drugs.(D) Police forces fully support government's policy against drugs.17. It can be inferred from the passage that shock tactics against drugs ________.(A) have never received full support from all parties(B) have laid stress on prohibition of drug use and punishment(C) have often proved as effective as expected(D) have concentrated on preventing people from misusing drugs18.Which of the following can best replace the word "jettisoned" used in paragraph 5?(A) Adopted. (B) Supported.(C) Criticized. (D) Discarded.19. The statement that "contact with drugs is now part of growing up" can be paraphrased as_____.(A) drug use is a kind of learning process necessary for young people(B) most young people have contact with drugs(C) young people try to learn certain social values through drugs(D) drug abuse is mainly related to the teenagers20. According to the passage,some schools were inclined to ignore the drugs problem because_____.(A) there was no drugs problem in those schools(B) the schools fear that their reputation would be damaged(C) they felt it should be the government's responsibility to fight drug abuse(D) drug abuse is mainly a social problemSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning,pursuing no aim by the direct road of design.But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error.Why should evolution,exactly as Darwin knew it and described it,be planless and irrational?Do not aircraft design engineers work,at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out,according to the same principle of evolution,when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel,in order to choose the one that functions best?Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclearphysicists,through thousands of computer operations,try to find out which materials,in which combinations and with what structural form,are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor?They also practise no designed adaptation,but work by the principle of selection.But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.SECTION 4:LISTENNG TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking And Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk.You will hear the talk only once. While listening to the talk,you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on your ANSWER BOOKLET afterwards.You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank:In the past fifty years the invention of ______(1) devices and appliances has made housework much easier.Among these devices and appliances are _______(2) cleaners, electric irons,washing machines, and some others.Probably the most important piece of ________(3) equipment which has been widely used in the last twenty years is the _______(4). Washing up by hand is not only _______(5) but also extremely boring. Dishwashers are of different sizes and ________(6). Their capacity ranges from six to ______(7) placesettings. After the dishwasher is plumbed into the mains __________(8) supply, all you have to do is to load dirty dishes, glasses and____________(9) into the machine, pour in some special _____________(10),close the door and _____________(11) it on.The machine will wash almost everything except the large___________(12) and dishes with scraps of ___________(13) food.It also __________(14) the plates and glasses with its own heat.If your dishwasher is ___________(15) or larger, probably you need to wash up only ______________(16) a day. Of course this means you have to have ___________(17) dishes, glasses and cutlery to last three or four___________(18).Remember that dishwashers can be quite ________________(19),so you may prefer to use the machine just once a day, preferably _____________(20) thing at night.Part B: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate in into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)__________________________________________________________________ _________(2)_________________________________________________________________ __________(3)_________________________________________________________________ __________(4)_________________________________________________________________ __________(5)_________________________________________________________________ __________Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passage only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)__________________________________________________________________ _________(2)_________________________________________________________________ __________SECTION 5: READING TEST (30minutes)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1~3BRITISH Telecom has been thwarted in its attempt to cut telephone links to a South American city that is operating a sex chatline service in Britain.。

2006年3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING TEST 2. READING TEST 3. TRANSLATION TEST 4. LISTENING TEST 5. READING TEST 6. TRANSLATION TESTSECTION 1 LISTENING TESTPart A Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Marks ＆Spencer has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff, with things like good perks, good canteen, that sort of thing. Do those things actually motivate people in their work? I think it is, it is very important. When people have been working on the sales floor, and they may have been in from seven or eight o’clock in the morning, they can come off the sales floor and can go to the staff restaurant and obviously they can have tea, coffee, or a drink provided free of charge, and can then buy at very reduced rates a full cooked breakfast, if they want one, or a roll and cheese, in a pleasant environment, in a hygienic environment, food of the highest quality, there’re areas where they can rest and read papers, or play pool or something, yeah, that is very important because they need a break from the customers. At busy times, they need to get away from it, they need to be able to relax. In terms of all the health screening programmes we’ve got, that is very important, when people know that they will be having medicals, and the staff discount is another thing, obviously there’s an amount of merchandise that they will buy which they will be able to buy at discounted rates. For Christmas bonus, we give all our general staff a 10% of their salary which is guaranteed, and the motivational effect of that, actually, at the busiest time of the year when they’re under the most pressure and working hard, is fantastic and to see their faces as you hand them the envelope with 10% of their salary in it. I believe the environment that you work in, the quality of the people that you work with, the way you are treated, with respect and dignity, and the fact that your views are listened to, and you feel you are consulted, that makes people happy and satisfied in their job and makes them get up and come to work in the morning.Marks ＆Spencer has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff, with things like good perks, (1) , that sort of thing. Do those things actually (2) ? I think it is, it is very important. When people have been working (3) , and they may have been in from seven or eight o’clock in the morning, they can come off the sales floor and can go to (4) and obviously they can have tea, coffee, or (5) , and can then buy at very reduced rates (6) , if theywant one, or a roll and cheese, in a pleasant environment, (7) , food of the highest quality, there’re areas where they can (8) , or play pool or something, yeah, that is very important because they need (9) . At busy times, they need to get away from it, they need to be able to relax. In terms of all the (10) we’ve got, that is very important, when people know that they will be having medicals, and (11) is another thing, obviously there’s (12) that they will buy which they will be able to buy (13) . For Christmas bonus, we give all our general staff (14) which is guaranteed, and the (15) of that, actually, at the busiest time of the year when they’re (16) and working hard, is fantastic and to see their faces as you (17) with 10% of their salary in it. I believe the environment that you work in, (18) that you work with, the way you are treated, (19) , and the fact that your views are listened to, and you feel you are consulted, that makes people (20) and makes them get up and come to work in the morning.1．正确答案：good canteen2．正确答案：motivate people in their work3．正确答案：on the sales floor4．正确答案：the staff restaurant5．正确答案：a drink provided free of charge6．正确答案：a full cooked breakfast7．正确答案：in a hygienic environment8．正确答案：rest and read papers9．正确答案：a break from the customers 10．正确答案：health screening programmes 11．正确答案：the staff discount12．正确答案：an amount of merchandise 13．正确答案：at discounted rates14．正确答案：a 10% of their salary15．正确答案：motivational effect16．正确答案：under the most pressure 17．正确答案：hand them the envelope 18．正确答案：the quality of the people 19．正确答案：with respect and dignity20．正确答案：happy and satisfied in their jobPart B Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：M: Hi, Susan. How’s it going? How was your first week in the AIDS ward?F: OK, I guess. But I never realized how many different things nurses have to do. There’s a lot to learn ...M: There sure is! That’s why we’re having this meeting today, Susan. As your advisor, it’s my responsibility to help you learn your new job. We’ve found that sometimes our new nurses have trouble adjusting to the AIDS ward.F: Actually, I do feel worried about being here.M: That’s normal. I felt the same way when I started. What are you nervous about?F: I know it sounds dumb, but I keep thinking that I might get infected with HIV. I know there isn’t a very big risk, but I’m still worried. My friends are worried, too.M: What are your friends saying?F: Well, some of them don’t want to be around me now. I think they’re afraid that they’ll get HIV somehow. One friend always used to give me rides in her car, but she won’t drive me to work now because she’s afraid I’ll get the virus in her car!M: That’s a difficult situation. But it’s a good opportunity to teach your friends the facts about HIV and AIDS, so they’ll know they’re wrong. And if they don’t want to learn anything, maybe they aren’t good friends. I know I lost a few friends when I started working here.F: My family’s also worried. My mother keeps saying, “You can’t be too careful!” She’s afraid that I’ll get AIDS from a patient. So I try to be very careful. I always wear the protective clothing, you know, the rubber gloves, paper clothing, and plastic glasses. But then something strange happened.M: What happened?F: I went in to see a patient, to bring him his lunch, and he looked at me and said, “Oh, you’re new here, aren’t you.”Then he was acting very angry at me after that, I think it was because of the clothing!M: Why do you think he was angry?F: I’m not sure. I was just trying to protect myself.M: I think the important thing to remember when you’re working with AIDS patients is that you’re working with people, people who are very sick, but who still need to be treated with respect. I remember what my boss told me when I first started working with AIDS patients. He said, “It’s important to isolate the AIDS virus, but not the AIDS patient. “F: What do you mean by “not isolate the AIDS patients?”M: Well, just imagine that you’re very sick. You’re lying in bed in the hospital, worrying that you’re going to die. Then, every time someone comes in the room, they’re covered from head to toe in protective clothing. How would that makeyou feel?F: Terrible! It would make me feel like I was dangerous, like no one wanted to be near me.M: Exactly. You would feel very isolated. We don’t want our AIDS patients to feel that way. It’s important that they feel just like all our other patients.F: So what should I do?M: Well, you have to think carefully before you go into someone’s room. We know that it’s impossible to get AIDS from just touching someone, or breathing the air next to them, or even sharing a glass of water. AIDS, as you know, is passed through blood or bodily fluids. So when you go into a patient’s room, think to yourself. “What am I going to do in here? Will I be in contact with blood or other bodily fluids?” For example, when you serve lunch to someone, do you think you need to wear protective clothing? Is there going to be any blood then?F: Um, no, I guess not. I guess I don’t need to wear the clothing when I serve food.M: How about when you draw someone’s blood? Do you need the protective clothing then?F: Well, there’s a chance that I could prick my finger on the needle. M: Right. In that case I’d wear gloves, just to be safe. I guess the rule to live by is to protect yourself when you need to, but don’t wear the clothing unnecessarily. Part of our job is to take care of the patients’ feelings, as well as their illness, and too much protective clothing can make them feel uncomfortable.1. What is Susan’s job?How does Susan’s family feel about her job?What should Susan do with AIDS patients, according to the man?What contributes to the spread of the AIDS virus?Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the conversation?21．A．A trainee nurse.B．A resident doctor.C．A researcher of AIDS.D．An advisor to nurses.正确答案：A22．A．They don’t care what she does at her job.B．They have bad feelings about her job.C．They think it is a good job.D．They have no worries about the job.正确答案：B23．A．To isolate them completely.B．To watch them carefully.C．To treat them with respect.D．To provide them with nutritious food.正确答案：C24．A．Sharing bodily fluids with an AIDS patient.B．Shaking hands with an AIDS patient.C．Serving meals to an AIDS patient.D．Staying very close to an AIDS patient.正确答案：A25．A．The man is Susan’s advisor.B．It is not possible to get AIDS from sharing a glass of water.C．There is a high risk of getting infected with HIV at work.D．Susan’s patient was angry when she wore protective clothing to bring himlunch.正确答案：C听力原文：United Nations UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan cancelled a two-week trip to Asia which was scheduled to start on Saturday because of the debate over the UN budget and other “urgent political issues,”the organization announced late on Thursday. Deputy spokeswoman Marie Okabe said the secretary-general had informed the governments of China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Viet Nam that he was postponing the visit. Vienna, Austria Two US allies in Iraq are withdrawing forces this month and a half-dozen others are debating possible pullouts or reductions, increasing pressure on Washington as calls mount to bring home US troops. Bulgaria and Ukraine will begin withdrawing their combined 1,250 troops by mid-December. If Australia, Britain, Italy, Japan, Poland and South Korea reduce or recall their personnel, more than half of the non-American forces in Iraq could be gone by next summer. Japan and South Korea help with reconstruction, but Britain and Australia provide substantial support forces and Italy and Poland train Iraqi troops and police. Their exodus would deal a blow to American efforts to prepare Iraqis to take over the most dangerous peace-keeping tasks and craft an eventual US exit strategy. Honduras More than 30,000 people in Honduras have been left homeless by Tropical Storm Gamma, which killed 34 people there earlier this month and flooded low-lying areas, the government spokesman said on Thursday. Some 90,000 people were affected by the November 18-to-20 storm, which also damaged banana farms. The relevant government departments have deployed five teams across the nation to conduct damage assessments in collaboration with local officials. Haiti Armed kidnappers hijacked a school bus carrying 14 children on Thursday, and a US missionary was shot and abducted while driving outside Haiti’ s capital, police said. The separate kidnappings came five weeks before national elections are to be held to restore democracy and stability in the troubled nation. Police said they did not appear to be politically related. The bus was taking the children to school whenseveral armed men stopped it, boarded it and drove off down a main road heading west from Port-au-Prince, the capital, Police Commissioner Francois Henry Doussous said. He also said the captors contacted the children’s families and demanded US $50,000 for their release. The children are aged 5-17. Viet Nam Viet Nam on Friday started construction of a US $2.4 billion hydropower plant, promising to take good care of the nearly 100,000 people in three provinces who will be displaced by the project. “I ask the governments of the three provinces to do a good job in relocating people and resettling them, so that people will have a better life than in their old homes,” Prime Minister Phan Van Khai said in a nationally televised speech at the launch in earthquake-prone northern Son La province. Viet Nam’s power consumption has increased by some 15 per cent annually in recent years, and the Son La plant will generate nearly one-fifth of the country’s power output when completed, said Vu Duc Thin, deputy general director of state utility electricity of Vietnam Corp.6. What did the deputy UN spokeswoman announce on Thursday?Which of the following US allies in Iraq are withdrawing forces by mid-December?How many people in Honduras were killed by Tropical Storm Gamma earlier this month?What happened in Haiti on Thursday?What project was started in Viet Nam on Friday?26．A．The UN Secretary-General had cancelled his trip to Europe.B．The UN Secretary-General would visit Asia at a later date.C．The UN Secretary-General would discuss the UN budget with the US.D．The UN Secretary-General had withheld the debate over the budget.正确答案：B27．A．Bulgaria and Ukraine.B．Australia and Britain.C．Italy and Japan.D．Poland and South Korea.正确答案：A28．A．18 to 20.B．30.C．34D．Around 90.正确答案：C29．A．National elections.B．Arrest of a U. S. missionary.C．Hijacking of a civil airplane.D．Two separate kidnappings.正确答案：D30．A．Relocating people from an earthquake-prone province.B．Constructing more posts to predict about earthquakes.C．Economizing on electricity nationally.D．Building a hydropower plant.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Could you tell us something about the programme?F: Basically, the soap opera is about life in the East End of London, i.e. the Cockney way of life but that isn’t what, you know, the most important thing about the programme; that isn’t the reason for its success. The reason for its success is it deals with social problems that other soap operas have never dealt with before. I mean our aim isn’t to shock but it’s just that we can’t, we believed that we couldn’t do a realistic situation drama about the East End without incorporating topics like drugs, homosexuality, divorce, adultery, ai1 those things that other soap operas have only skimmed on prison and breaking the law ...M: Very nicely.F: Prison, nervous breakdowns—I mean it’s not just all gloom and doom... There is a lot of humor and there is a lot of love and warmth in the programme as well; so really if anyone says what is EastEnders about? It’s not about Cockneys, I mean, because the situations that we deal with are characteristic of a lot of inner city communities all over Britain, and I’m sure, in other cities in the world. But it’s just that we cover them with an edge on how a Cockney and how a Cockney community reacts and deals with those problems.M: What part do you play?F: I play a girl called Michelle Fowler; well no, Michelle Holloway to start with, she was in a family. She lived in the same house with her mother and father, and her grandmother. The son run away and then the mother had another baby and then she got pregnant by the local landlord—this is Michelle got pregnant, not my morn—by the landlord of the local pub, which nobody knows about; no one knows who the father is—that was the big storyline in the first year. And after she had the baby she married a local lad who she’d known for a few years.M: Is she at all like you?F: Um, she speaks like me, that’s where it ends. No she’s not at all like me; I mean, my circumstances are ... if I hadn’t gone into acting there probably would have been more similarities but because my life is changed and my circumstances have changed so much over the past couple of years ... the only similarities between me and Michelle is our accent.M: Do you like her?F: Yeah I like her. I think she’s very brave, very courageous to have the baby and very strong to keep the consequences of everyone knowing who the father was, which would just be so catastrophic ...M: Catastrophic or something ...F: I’m such a good speaker! Yeah, catastrophic or something or other; so she’s got the strength to keep such a big secret with her and shebelieves that she’ll keep it with her for the rest of her life.11. What type of programme are they talking about?What is the reason for the success of the programme?Who is the woman being interviewed?What was the big storyline in the first year?Why does the woman say Michelle is very brave?31．A．A talk show.B．A case investigation.C．A soap opera.D．A report on the East End of London.正确答案：C32．A．It shocks the audience.B．It is a realistic situation drama.C．It is the first programme that tells about the Cockney way of life.D．It deals with the problems other similar programmes have not done before.正确答案：D33．A．The anchorwoman of the programme.B．The star actress playing a girl in the soap opera.C．The landlady of a local pub in the East End of London.D．The producer of the programme.正确答案：B34．A．Michelle’s brother ran away from home.B．Michelle’s mother had another baby.C．Michelle married the landlord of a local pub.D．Michelle got pregnant and no one knew who the father was.正确答案：D35．A．Because Michelle decided to have the baby.B．Because Michelle married a local lad she had known for a few years.C．Because Michelle revealed who was the father of her new-born child.D．Because Michelle got the strength to keep the secret for the rest of her life.正确答案：A听力原文：With thousands of people traveling every day as a part of their jobs, there is great concern about the effect of jet lag on business travelers. In the world of international business, many men and women have trouble performing their jobs because they feel tired and sick from all their traveling. Businesspeople are not the only professionals who suffer from jet lag. Professional sports players also find that jet lag affects their performance. I have recently read a health report and it looks at the problem of jet lag in professional baseball. You see, researchers have wondered about how jet lag affects the job performance of people who travel for a living. The problem is that it is very difficult to measure exactly how jet lag affects most travelers, how can we measure the performance of, say, an executive who travels to another country to make a business deal? This is where the idea of looking at baseball comes in, so by looking at whether baseball teams win or lose games, researchers believe that we can see how jet lag affects performance in sports, business, and other jobs. In the study, doctors looked at baseball records from 2001 to 2004. They studied the performance of 19 teams from the Eastern and Pacific time zones, looking at the results of the two games immediately after a team traveled from one coast to the other. The study shows that changing time zones may hurt the performance of West Coast baseball teams traveling east for a game, but not East Coast teams traveling west. The reason, the researchers think, is that people traveling east suffer more from the symptoms of jet lag. An example of this effect can be seen in the best-of-seven league championship series played in 2003 between the San Francisco Giants and the Atlanta Braves. The games are played in the home cities of each team, so in 2003 the Atlanta Braves and the San Francisco Giants played the first two games in Atlanta, the next three games in San Francisco, and the last two games in Atlanta. In this contest, Atlanta won four of the seven games and was the winner of the series. Researchers believe that the San Francisco Giants lost because they played more games away from home and therefore had more jet lag. We know from past studies that the symptoms of jet lag are stronger when a person travels east. This is because when we travel east, our day becomes shorter, and a shorter day is more difficult to adjust to. So the players from San Francisco were at a disadvantage when they traveled east for a game in Atlanta. The researchers think that the San Francisco team had more of the symptoms caused by jet lag-problems such as headaches, tiredness, and difficulty thinking clearly. All of these symptoms could result in poor performance by baseball players. However, this is only the first study to look at the effect of jet lag on sports, and more research is needed. Other scientists say that this research doesn’t prove that jet lag causes poor performance in baseball games. This study only looked at baseball records for three years, and much more information must be studied before we can decide if the losses are truly a result of jet lag and not some other reason. What about the “home team advantage”? Yes, the positive effects of the “home team advantage” are well known. It’s much easier for a team to play a game at home where they can sleep in their own beds and where the local fans can come to the game and cheer for the team. However, jet lag adds to the disadvantage for the team that’s playing away from home. So when the San Francisco team traveled east to play in Atlanta, they were at. a disadvantage in two ways. Theywere playing away from home and they had strong jet lag from traveling east.16. How do businesspeople often feel from all their travelingAccording to the report, why did researchers study jet lag in baseball?Researchers analyzed the performance of some baseball teams. Where are these teams from?Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom of jet lag?Which of the following statements is true according to the health report?36．A．Depressed and disappointed.B．Tired and sick.C．Sad and lonely.D．Confused and frustrated.正确答案：B37．A．Because they think people are usually very interested in sports.B．Because they are not interested in how jet lag affects businesspeople.C．Because baseball teams want to know how to win more games.D．Because it is difficult to measure how jet lag affects other types of travelers.正确答案：D38．A．All over the United States.B．The Eastern and Pacific time zones.C．The Pacific time zone only.D．The southern part of the country.正确答案：B39．A．Tiredness.B．Difficulty in thinking clearly.C．Stomachaches.D．Headaches.正确答案：C40．A．Teams are more likely to win when they play a game at home.B．Baseball teams from the West Coast win more games when they travel east.C．The symptoms of jet lag are stronger when a person travels west.D．This study definitely proves that jet lag causes poor performance in baseball games.正确答案：ASECTION 2 READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Pupils at GCSE are to be allowed to abandon learning traditional “hard”science, including the meaning of the periodic table, in favour of “soft” science such as the benefits of genetic engineering and healthy eating. The statutory requirement for pupils to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year. There will be no compulsion to master the periodic table—the basis of chemistry—nor basic scientific laws that have informed the work of all the great scientists such as Newton and Einstein. The changes, which the government believes will make science more “relevant” to the 21st century, have been attacked by scientists as a “dumbing down”of the subject. In June the government had to announce financial incentives to tackle a shortage of science teachers. Academics have estimated that a fifth of science lessons are taught by teachers who are not adequately qualified. Most children now study for the double-award science GCSE, which embraces elements of biology, chemistry and physics. This GCSE will be scrapped and ministers have agreed that from next year all 14-years-old will be required to learn about the general benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments, in a new science GCSE. A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as an optional course. One expert involved in devising the new system believes it will halve the number of state school pupils studying “hard”science. Independent schools and more talented pupils in the state sector are likely to shun the new papers in favour of the GCSEs in the individual science disciplines of physics, chemistry and biology. These will continue to require pupils to achieve an understanding of scientific principles. The new exams were devised after proposals by academics at King’s College London, who told ministers that science lessons were often “dull and boring”and required pupils to recall too many facts. Their report said: “Contemporary analyses of the labour market suggest that our future society will need a larger number of individuals with a broader understanding of science both for their work and to enable them to participate as citizens in a democratic society. “However, Professor Colin Blakemore, chief executive of the Medical Research Council, warned that reducing the “hard” science taught in schools would create problems. “I can understand the government’s motives,”he said. “There is a crisis of public confidence in science which is reducing the progress of policy on such issues as nuclear energy and stem cell research. But sixth-formers are already arriving at university without the depth of knowledge required.”Others endorse the new approach. Results at North Chadderton upper school in Oldham—one of 80 schools piloting the new “softer”GCSE, named Twenty first Century Science have improved. Martyn Overy, the head of science, said: “The proportion getting higher grades in science went up from 60% to 75%. The course kept their interest, had more project work and was more relevant. “As part of their course, the pupils studied what kind of food they needed to keep fit and healthy. Critics say it is only marginally more demanding than following the advice of Nigella Lawson, the television chef, who promotes the benefits of eating proper meals instead of snacking from the fridge. Some science teachers are skeptical. Mo Afzal, head of science at the independent Warwick school, said. “These changes will widen the gap between independent and state schools. Even the GCSE that is designed for those going on to A-level science is not as comprehensive as the test it replaces.” John Holman, director of the National Science Learning Centre at York University, who advised the government on the content of the new system, said: “The new exam is not dumbing down. The study of how science works is more of a challenge than rote learning. “SCIENCE LESSONS Out In Periodic table______ The drugs debate______ Ionic equations______ Slimming issues______ Structure of the atom______ Smoking and health______ Boyle’s law______ IVF treatment______ Ohm’s law______ Nuclear controversy______41．The phrase “watered down” in the sentence “The statutory requirement for pupils to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year. “ (para. 1) can best be replaced by which of the following?A．removed completelyB．reduced much in forceC．revised greatlyD．reinforced to a certain extent正确答案：B42．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．The government had to use financial incentives to attract more science teachers.B．Some of the secondary school science teachers are not adequately qualified.C．The new science GCSE will include the benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments.D．A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as a compulsory course.正确答案：D43．What is Professor Blakemore’s attitude towards the new requirement of science GCSE?A．He fully appreciates the government’s motives in revising GCSE science。

2007年9月高级口译听力真题【Spot Dictation】Good afternoon, everybody. I'm pleased to be here with you, graduates of 2007. I'm a ________ (1), and students often approach me with ________ (2). You see, we are living in a society of great changes. With the presence of ________ (3), the process of getting a job in today's world has changed for ________ (4).Well, how can you use new technologies to help you? First, let's look at how you ________ (5). The traditional method of hunting for a job in the past required first, doing research on jobs that were ________ (6), typically by looking in newspapers, periodicals and magazines, as well as TV ads, and ________ (7). Then you decided where and for what post you were going to apply, put your resume ________ (8) in a stamped envelope, and waited anxiously for someone to ________ (9).Well, today, maybe the job search and ________ (10) are very much the same, but the tools used are much more advanced, and they ________ (11). In fact, technology has not so much changed the process as enhanced it. The benefit, both for ________ (12), is that this makes the search more open to people of ________ (13) from all over the world. But as more people are involved, it becomes ________ (14) for the applicant than it ever was before.The ________ (15) for the working world today is learning these new and ________ (16) and combining them with the older methods people have been using for years. For example, ________ (17), you can research employment not just in your city, but also in your state, your country, and ________ (18). You can copy information from a web page and paste it into a Microsoft Word document that's easy to ________ (19). In many ways, it's easier now: Just type your job application, click, and ________ (20); it gets there in an instant.【Listening Comprehension】Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) Entertainment on TV.(B) The news in the US.(C) Being a correspondent.(D) Interpreting news.2. (A) The news is just entertainment.(B) The news is shallow.(C) The news gets reported in the same style.(D) The news is boring.3. (A) The news offers easy information that doesn't mean much to you.(B) The news makes you feel like you're learning, but actually you're not.(C) The news is just another popular entertainment program like a sitcom.(D) The news must be presented by physically attractive ladies.4. (A) More entertaining.(B)More in-depth.(C)Less informative.(D) Less interesting.5. (A) Newspapers. (B) Radio.(C) TV. (D) The Internet.Listening Comprehension 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) A trade show of the latest sporting goods is on display.(B) An event for team sports is held with the country's best athletes.(C) A spring market fair for cutting equipment and accessories is open.(D) A business rendezvous is scheduled between VIPs and the best athletes.7. (A) Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox 2.(B) SnapBack, a private browser that does not store individual information.(C) A built-in RSS reader to quickly scan the latest news and information.(D) Safari 3, the world's fastest and easiest-to-use web browser.8. (A) Heavy rain triggered floods which caused heavy casualties and damage.(B) Harsh drought had been going on for several years and killed some people.(C) 23 people were missing after a storm hit a village in the mountainous province.(D) Authorities were searching for the people who had crossed the border from other countries.9. (A) Two soldiers hijacked a jet plane full of passengers in flight.(B) The hijackers were captured after killing one of the hostages.(C) A military unit arrested the hijackers with no one injured or killed.(D) The hijacked plane landed safely at an airport in a neighboring country.10. (A) $683.30. (B) $ 900, 000.(C) C$1 million. (D) C$2 million.Listening Comprehension 3Questions 11-15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) TV programs.(B) Media coverage on crime.(C) The school system.(D) Juvenile crime.12. (A) The problem has been overdone by the media.(B) The messages the kids get make them like that.(C) The school has not done enough to help the kids.(D) Some kids are essentially violent.13. (A) Giving the kids a more caring environment.(B) Setting up a responsible school system.(C) Taking harsh actions against violence in the school.(D) Keeping the kids under one-to-one surveillance.14. (A) Do supervised activities.(B) Take instructional programs.(C) Stay in school for supper.(D) Go in for sports.15. (A) Because they can help set good role models.(B) Because they can stop white-collar crime.(C) Because they can reduce crime.(D) Because they can make criminals feel fair.Listening Comprehension 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Workplace inequality.(B) Sexism in language.(C) The AIDS crisis.(D) The way the mass media treats women.17. (A) Language and thought definitely influence each other.(B) It is impossible to understand the relationship between the two.(C) What we think certainly determines what we say.(D) What we say very probably affects what we think.18. (A) The professional world.(B) The United Nations publications.(C) The international women's organization.(D) The feminist movement.19. (A) Nouns don't have a gender in English.(B) Spanish nouns have two genders.(C) German nouns are either masculine or feminine.(D) The issues of gender vary across-languages.20. (A) How some publications avoid sexist language.(B) Why we have to avoid sexism in English.(C) The efforts we have already taken to eliminate sexism.(D) The gender issues in different languages.【Note taking & Gap filling】Today's lecture is about the mass ________ (1) of the world's population. There are two major ________ (2) why people are moving to cities. The first reason is ________ (3). People are moving to the cities because that's where they can find ________ (4) and earn money. The second reason for the move to cities has to do with ________ (5) of life issues: comfort and ________ (6). Cities often offerbetter ________ (7). And then for many, city life is just more ________ (8). An interesting consequence of urbanization is that the average ________ (9) of people in the countryside is increasing, while that of the cities is ________ (10).Three key ________ (11) can be identified in our cities. First of all, they're getting bigger. Most cities are bigger now than ever before. Cities are also changing shape. They're getting ________ (12), because land is getting more and more expensive. ________ (13) have become a symbol of modern cities.Cities are also changing shape in other ways. The ________ (14) Model and The ________ (15) Nuclei Model are probably more typical of the cities we know today. They show the urban ________ (16) that's occurring in contemporary cities.The third change is that our cities are breaking up into ________ (17) communities, often by ________ (18) group or ________ (19) level. This often means that people stay within their community and do not come into contact with others from different ________ (20).Sentence Translation(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Passage translation(1)(2)。

2007年9月高级口译阅读下半场真题【下半场阅读理解第一篇】Questions 1-3On Apr. 27, the Dean of Duke's business school had the unfortunate task of announcing that nearly 10% of the Class of 2008 had been caught cheating on a take-home final exam. The scandal, which has cast yet another pall over the leafy, Gothic campus, is already going down as the biggest episode of alleged student deception in the business school's history.Almost immediately, the questions started swirling. The accused MBAs were, on average, 29 years old. They were the cut-and-paste generation, the champions of Linux. Before going to the business school, they worked in corporations for an average of six years. They did so at a time when their bosses were trumpeting the brave new world of open source, where one's ability to aggregate (or rip off) other people's intellectual property was touted as a crucial competitive advantage.It's easy to imagine the explanations these MBAs, who are mulling an appeal, might come up with. Teaming up on a take-home exam: That's not academic fraud, it's postmodern learning, wiki style. Text-messaging exam answers or downloading essays onto iPods: That's simply a wise use of technology.One can understand the confusion. This is a generation that came of age nabbing music off Napster and watching bootlegged Hollywood blockbusters in their dorm rooms. "What do you mean?" you can almost hear them saying. "We're not supposed to share?"That's not to say that university administrators should ignore unethical behavior, if it in fact occurred. But in this wired world, maybe the very notion of what constitutes cheating has to be reevaluated. The scandal at Duke points to how much the world has changed, and how academia and corporations are confused about it all, sending split messages.We're told it's all about teamwork and shared information. But then we're graded and ranked as individuals. We assess everybody as single entities. But then weplop them into an interdependent world and tell them their success hinges on creative collaboration.The new culture of shared information is vastly different from the old, where hoarding information was power. But professors-and bosses, for that matter-need to be able to test individual ability. For all the talk about workforce teamwork, there are plenty of times when a person is on his or her own, arguing a case, preparing a profit and loss statement, or writing a research report.Still, many believe that a rethinking of the assessment process is in store. The Stanford University Design School, for example, is so collaborative that "it would be impossible to cheat," says D-school professor Robert I. Sutton. "If you found somebody to help you write an exam, in our view that's a sign of an inventive person who gets stuff done. If you found someone to do work for free who was committed to open source, we'd say, 'Wow, that was smart.' One group of students got the police to help them with a school project to build a roundabout where there were a lot of bike accidents. Is that cheating?"That's food for thought at a time when learning is becoming more and more of a social process embedded in a larger network. This is in no way a pass on those who consciously break the rules. With countries aping American business practices, a backlash against an ethically rudderless culture can't happen soon enough. But the saga at Duke raises an interesting question: In the age of Twitter, a social network that keeps users in constant streaming contact with one another, what is cheating?1. What is the author's attitude towards the student deception in Duke's business school?2. According to the author, what are the "split messages" sent by the academia and corporations (para. 5)?3. Why does the author cite the example of Stanford University Design School?【下半场阅读理解第二篇】Questions 4-6Many animals and plants threatened with extinction could be saved if scientistsspent more time talking with the native people whose knowledge of local species is dying out as fast as their languages are being lost.Potentially vital information about many endangered species is locked in the vocabulary and expressions of local people, yet biologists are failing to tap into this huge source of knowledge before it is lost for good, scientists said. "It seems logical that the biologists should go and talk to the indigenous people who know more about the local environment than anyone else," said David Harrison, an assistant professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania."Most of what humans know about ecosystems and species is not found in databases or libraries or written down anywhere. It's in people's heads. It's in purely oral traditions," Dr Harrison told the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco. "About 80 per cent of the animals and plants visible to the naked eye have not yet been classified by science. It doesn't mean they are unknown; it just means we have a knowledge gap."An estimated 7,000 languages are spoken in the world but more than half of them are dying out so fast that they will be lost completely by the end of the century as children learn more common languages, such as English or Spanish. He cited the example of a South American skipper butterfly, Astraptes fulgerator, which scientists thought was just one species until a DNA study three years ago revealed that it was in fact 10 different species whose camouflaged colouration made the adult forms appear " identical to one another.Yet if the scientists had spoken to the Tzeltal-speaking people of Mexico-descendants of the Maya-they might have leamt this information much sooner because Tzeltal has several descriptions of the butterflies based on the different kinds of caterpillar. "These people live on the territory of that butterfly habitat and in fact care very little about the adult butterfly but they have a very-fine grained classification for the larvae because the caterpillars affect their crops and their agriculture," Dr Harrison said."It's crucial for them to know which larva is eating which crop and at what time of year. Their survival literally depends on knowing that, whereas the adultbutterfly has no impact on their crops," he said. "There was a knowledge gap on both sides and if they had been talking to each other they might have figured out sooner that they were dealing with a species complex," he said."Indigenous people often have classification systems that are often more fine-grained and more precise than what Western science knows about species and their territories." Another example of local knowledge was shown by the Musqueam people of British Columbia in Canada, who have fished the local rivers for generations and describe the trout and the salmon as belonging to the same group.In 2003 they were vindicated when a genetic study revealed that the "trout" did in fact belong to the same group as Pacific salmon, Dr Harrison said. "It seems obvious that knowing more about species and ecosystems would put us in a better position to sustain those species and ecosystems," he said. "That's my argument, that the knowledge gap is vastly to the detriment of Western science. We know much less than we think we do."4. Why does the author say that indigenous languages hold the key to saving endangered species?5. What does Dr Harrison's example of a South American skipper butterfly tell us?6. Explain in your own words the author's conclusion "that the knowledge gap is vastly to the detriment of Western science. We know much less than we think we do."【下半场阅读理解第三篇】Questions 7-10Graduates from under-privileged backgrounds are to challenge the elitism of the barristers' profession, under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of the rich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among the membership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorer backgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as well as measures to end the "intimidating environment" of the barristers' chambers which young lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates.The increasing cost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has halted progress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. A number of high-profile barristers, including the prime minister's wife, Cherie Booth QC, have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated by white, middle-class male lawyers.In a speech to the Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, Geoffrey Vos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say: "The Bar is a professional elite, by which I mean that the Bar's membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacy and offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind of elitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable."Unfortunately, however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Bar stands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in the sense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which is barely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds."Last month, Mr Vos warned that the future of the barristers' profession was threatened by an overemphasis on posh accents and public school education. Mr Vos said then that people from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favour of those who were from a "snobby" background. People from a privileged background were sometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, he added. In his speech today, Mr Vos will outline the "barriers to entry," to a career at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome.The Bar Council has asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how these barriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultation paper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement programme to enable gifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts and barristers at first hand.The Bar Council is also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favourable terms to allow young, aspiring barristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course year and then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice before they need to repay.These loans would be available alongside the Inns of Court's scholarship and awards programmes. Mr Vos will say today: "I passionately believe that the professions in general, and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates from any background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. "The Bar has done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities and we must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds."7. What is the "elitism of the barristers' profession" in the United Kingdom?8. What are the barriers for graduates from under-privileged families to become barristers?9. Give a brief summary of Bar Council chairman Geoffrey Vos's view on elitism of the barrister's profession.10. What are the measures of reform to help poorer graduates become barristers?【Translation Test(汉译英)】据说，上海男人是最好丈夫。

2007年9月上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. 口译题口译题Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let us begin Part A with the first passage.听力原文：I would like to extend a special welcome to those of you who have travelled great distances to get here from all around Australia and all around the world. The Australian Government recognises both the current value of wine tourism and its potential for growth, the sector has been identified as having considerable development potential in the Government’s recent Tourism White Paper. It is no surprise, therefore, that the Government has funded the development and implementation of a National Wine Tourism Strategy. // This Strategy brings together two of our largest and most successful export earners in a recipe for success. Tourism which employs more than 550,000 Australians and generates some A $17 billion per year in exports; And the wine industry, which employs 30,000 Australians and has exports totalling A $ 2.4 billion. The Australian wine industry has done a tremendous job in promoting and marketing their product overseas. As a result exports have been booming.1．Passage 1正确答案：我要特别向那些不远万里从澳大利亚和世界各地来到这里的人表示热烈的欢迎。

2007年3月公共英语二级考试真题及答案1.What do we know about the speakers?[A]They are friends．[B]They work together．[C]They are meeting for the first time．2．How much should a child pay for the performance?[A]$2．00．[B]$4．50．[C]$8．00．3．How will the speakers probably go to the hotel?[A]By taxi．[B]On foot．[C]By bus．4．What does the woman mean?[A]She needs help with her exam,[B]The man can use her bike．[C]Her bike needs repairing．5．What’s the man’s choice?[A]Denny’s[B]Brown’s[C]A Chinese restaurant6．What is the man now?[A]A university student．[B]A company clerk．[C]A businessman．7．What can we learn about the man’s father?[A]He is a college professor．[B]He is strict with the man．[C]He runs a company．8．What is the phone message about?[A]Going to see a film．[B]Attending a lecture．[C]Changing a phone number．9．Who is calling?[A]Max．[B]David．[C]Dianne．10．When will the class meet the following day?[A]12：00．[B]16：00．[C]16：30．11．Where did Andrew find the money?[A]In a phone box．[B]On his way to sch001．[C]Outside the newspaper office．12．What did Andrew do after he found the money?[A]Took the money to a nearby bank．[B]Reported to the police．[C]Looked for the owner．13．What is true about Andrew?[A]He sold newspapers．[B]He worked as a radio reporter．[C]He worked part-time before class．14．Where are the speakers?[A]On a plane．[B]On an airport bus．[C]In the waiting room．15．What made the woman so worried at the beginning of the conversation?[A]Her brother had an accident．[B]She would be late for her flight．[C]She missed the bus to the airport．16．Why does the man say you waste time waiting around doing nothing?[A]You may get to the airport too early．[B]You may spend a lot of time travelling to the airport．[C]You may wait for some time on the plane before taking off．17．What is the weather like that day?[A]Rainy．[B]Fine．[C]Cold．18．Where does the speaker work most of the time?[A]In libraries．[B]At a college．[C]At her home．19．What does the speaker say about her plan in the future?[A]She may keep up writing books．[B]She may travel around the world．[C]She may do something different．20．What does the speaker do besides writing?[A]Give talks to people interested in her work．[B]Work part-time in a library．[C]Type letters for other people．第二部分英语知识运用第一节单项填空从[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2007年3月英译汉Back in 1972, $1 million was still an eye-popping amount of cash. But to Robert Hecht, an enterprising American antiquities dealer living in Paris, it was not too much to charge the Metropolitan Museum of Art for an exquisite Greek vase created 500 years before the birth of Christ and painted by one of the acknowledged masters of the craft. Since the acquisition of the Greek vase, the prices of antiquities have shot skyward.The problem with the burgeoning traffic in antiquities, however, is not so much the price but something far more significant: the provenance, i.e. where are these precious artifacts coming from? And who are their rightful owners? Evidence is increasing that more and more artifacts are being illegally unearthed from their countries of origin. A recent British study of five large collections totaling 546 objects, for instance, determined that 82 percent of the objects were suspect. From Italy to Greece to Turkey, countries have long complained about the trade in smuggled artifacts and have been largely unable to stop it.汉译英中国嬴得2010年世界博览会的举办权，靠的是国际社会对中国改革开放的支持和信心。

CATTI三级口译复习题及答案【第一题】Beijing will begin a trial of discounted subway fares in nonrush hours at the end of this year, according to Beijing Subway on Tuesday.其实低峰时段，就是指高峰时段以外的时间。

北京地铁公司称，将在八通线(Batong Line)土桥至高碑店11座车站，以及昌平线(Changping Line)南邵至朱辛庄5座车站，试行工作日7:00前持一卡通刷卡进站票价7折优惠措施。

据悉，此项优惠措施是为鼓励乘客错峰出行，缓解北京轨道交通高峰拥挤状况而采取的'一项具体措施。

北京市地铁运营公司新闻发言人贾鹏介绍，地铁公司将在低峰优惠试行期间，定期对实施效果进行总结评估，根据评估结果确定试行期后是否继续实施。

为保证低峰优惠顺利实施，地铁公司已对所属线路自动售检票系统进行了一系列改造和测试。

此外，贾鹏还表示，从本月29日开始，新的CBTC 信号系统正式投用，1号线、6号线、9号线、10号线的高峰最小行车间隔将缩短到2分钟，列车间隔真正进入“2分钟时代”。

此外，多条线路也将进一步提高运输能力。

请结合文意翻译以下词组及句子：1、高峰时段2、低峰时段3、低峰优惠票价4、工作日7:00前5、一卡通6、鼓励乘客错峰出行7、缓解北京轨道交通拥挤状况8、自动售检票系统9、CBTC信号系统10、行车间隔11、Beijing will begin a trial of discounted subway fares in nonrush hours at the end of this year, according to Beijing Subway on Tuesday.参考答案1、高峰时段 rush hours2、低峰时段 nonrush hours3、低峰优惠票价 discounted fares in nonrush hours4、工作日7:00前 before 7 am on workdays5、一卡通 integration of transportation card6、鼓励乘客错峰出行 encouraging commuters to travel during nonrush hours7、缓解北京轨道交通拥挤状况 reducing crowds in Beijing's rail transport system8、自动售检票系统 automatic Fare Collection system9、CBTC信号系统 CBTC signal system10、行车间隔 train intervals11、Beijing will begin a trial of discounted subway fares in nonrush hours at the end of this year, according to Beijing Subway on Tuesday. 北京市地铁运营公司22日发布消息称，地铁低峰优惠票价将于今年年底在本市开展试点。

2008年3月高级真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18).In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2. (A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3. (A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4. (A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5. (A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Eleven. (D) Eighteen7. (A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8. (A) Worsening water scarcity. (B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement. (D) Reducing the population in Asia.9. (A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10. (A) 60%. (B) 26%.(C) 21%. (D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.12. (A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13. (A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14. (A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15. (A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17. (A) (A) Managerial. (B) Technological.(C) Financial. (D) Social.18. (A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19. (A) To create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20. (A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff.Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease—poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s,in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectious disease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries andthe poorest countries.(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the richand the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3. According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy4. Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5. What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poorcountries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawattcoal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and even environmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.7. Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on itshead" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition. (B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition. (D) To integrate tradition.8. In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to thepractice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9. According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment,such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10. All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture—from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show.And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.—see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!—while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill. "But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk—not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs—though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley—formerly of St. Elsewhere—notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge—for viewers as well as programmers—is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants—though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11. Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV isjumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12. By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para. 4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative (B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative (D) subjective and passionate13. Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14. Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives."(para. 5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15. It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of_______.(A) commodity exhibition (B) display of products(C) indirect advertising (D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire—blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very。

2007年3 月公共英语考试三级模拟试题及答案一Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) (略)Secti on n Use of En glish (15 minu tes)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET 1.TextWhat do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as manydifferent kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak inexactly the same 28 . We can always hear differences 29 them, and the pronunciationof English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32? This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way forall foreign learners of English. 34 you live in a part of the world 35 India for West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purpose, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It wouldbe 38 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41 your model some form of 42 English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45 most often.26.A.meaning B. Sense C.case D. situation27.A.NotB.NoC. NoneD.NorA. typeB.FormC.sortD.way29.A. betweenB.AmongC.ofD.30.A. changesB. variesC. shiftsD. alters31.A. areasB.parts C.D. spaces32.A. directionB. guideC. symbolD. model33.A. givenB.C. satisfiedD. answered34.A. BecauseB.WhenC.IfD.WhetherA.35.B.inC.likeD.near36.A. customB.useC. traditionD.habitA.aimB. proposeC.select D.tend38.A. fashionB. mistakeC. nonsenseD.possibility39.A. everythingB. nothingC. anythingD.things40.A.where B.thatC.which D. wherever41.A.toB.withC.onD.as42.A. practicalB.C. nativeD. new43.A. careB. affectC. troubleD. matter44.A.B. sensitiveC. ordinaryD. careful45.A.listen B.hear C. notice D.findSection n Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Part ADirections:Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a thick line across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Text 1After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before.As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which standsfor rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!46 A good title for this passage is ___ .A. Sleep C. DreamsB. Good Health D. Work and Rest47. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means _ .A. sick C. asleepB. stand up D. a little sleepy48. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you ___ .A. dream more often C. nervousB. have poor health D. breathe quickly49. During REM, __ .A. your eyes move quickly C. you are restlessB. you dream D. both A and B50. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ____ .A. approximately six hours C. about eight hoursB. around ten hours D. not stated hereText 2Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera .All they haveto so is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Somepeople, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have to use his legs if the has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort in his part.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one's sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. Weget so used to looking at the movements on it ,so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they have suddenly found that they have far more time to do things and the they have actually begin to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn't it?There are many other arguments for and against television. Wemust realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.51. What is the major function of paragraph 1?A. To arouse the reader's concernB. To introduce the theme of the whole passageC. To summarize the whole passageD. To sate the primary uses of TV52. Television, as a source of entertainment, is ____ .A. not very convenientB. very expensiveC. quite dangerousD. relatively cheap53. Why are some people against TV?A. Because TV programs re not interestingB. Because TV viewers are totally passiveC. Because TV prices are very high.D. Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages54. One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that _____A. it keeps us informedB. it is very cheapC. it enables us to have a restD. it controls our lives55. According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on _____A. its qualityB. people 's attitude towards itC. how we use itD. when we use itText 3Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in theway of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security.leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they As a result,they are employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our schoolcan earn a living . Some stay long at a job and learn to like it ;others quite fromone to another looking for something to suit them, the young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation. Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope（摸索） in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask what salary is like. They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them, Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment, It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life, selection of friends, leisure and interest.In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest .Noting is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you an emotional wreck （受到严重伤害的人）anda bitter person.56. The reason why some people are unlikely to succeed in life is that they ______________ .A. have ruined their talentsB. have taken on an unsuitable jobC. think of nothing but their salaryD. are not aware of their own potential57. The difficulty in choosing a suitable job lies mainly in that __ .A. much competition has to be facedB. many employees have no working experienceC. the young people only care about how much they can earnD. schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance58. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage?A. Your job must suit your interest.B. Your job must set a pattern of life.C. Your job must offer you a high salary.D. Your job must not ruin your talents.59. __________________________________ The best title for this passage would beA. What Can A Good Job OfferB. Earning A LivingC. Correct Attitude On Job-huntingD. How To Choose A Job60. The word "pathetic"in paragraph 2 most probably means __A. splendidB. miserableC. disgustedD. touchingPart BDirections:The 12,000 membersof the Electricity Workers' Union on strike last week and since then there has been no electricity. For question 61-65, match the names with the statements below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Mr. Mike Smith:It wasn't an easy decision, but we've been asking for a decent wage for years.Now at last people are beginning to listen to us. We're only asking for a 25 percent increase in our wages. 250 dollars a week. That's all. It's pity so many people have to be inconvenienced by out strike. But please don't blame us. Blame the governmentfor refusing our claim.Mr. Tom Brown:It's totally unreasonable to demand so much money when we are trying desperately to control inflation. If wages go up, so do prices. If we gave in to the electricity workers, all the other unions would want more, with the inevitable result that the crisis would become uncontrollable. What we're trying to impress upon everybody is that inflation hurts everybody, especially the poor people. Weoffer the electricity workers a 10 percent increase. And that's already too much. My stand at this meeting will be to persuade the Union to see reason.Mr. Bob Davis:Everybody will be hurt by this strike, including the electricity workers themselves. The economy will be destroyed and many people will lose their jobs. Already people are saying that the big unions have too much power and shouldn't be allowed to strike. O course the electricity want to get more money. Don't we all?Mr. Baker:My opinion is "Get the Army in". All the power stations should be managed by the army. The strikers should be thrown into prison. That's what this country needs. Why must we all suffer just because a few men are greedy? If they don't like their jobs, nobody 's forcing them to work. They should try and live on 50 dollars a week likeI have to. Perhaps they'd keep their mouths shut then.Miss Slater:Let's face it. It's neither here nor there. The electricity workers are in a strong position. Perhaps we can't do anything bout it. What I say is: let them have their 250 dollars so we can return to work. I mean, the government wastes the taxpayers' money all the time on trivial things. How can anyone say 250 dollars is "too much"?Pop singers get more. Nurses get less. It's just one of those things.Now match each of the persons (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements61. Mr. Mike Smith62. Mr. Tom Brown63. Mr. Bob David64. Mrs. baker65. Miss Slater[A] A % increase is already too much, and I'm here to persuade the Union to see reason.[B] I hope that strikes should be banned in all sectors relating to the nation's security and stability.[C] We will never go back to work until our goals are achieved.[D] I think that the government should give in to the electricity worker's demands.[E] I strongly suggest that all the power stations should be run by the army and that the strikers should be put into prison.[F] I must take you clear that strikes will destroy the economy and that many people will lose their jobs.[G] Weare forced to call a strike because the government rejected our wage claim.Section IV Writing (40 mi nutes)You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part A66. Write a letter to a publishing house asking for information on a book about American culture. Your letter should include:1. the name of the book2. the price of the book3. the discount of group orderYou should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ping' instead. You do not need to write the address.Part BFor this part, you are required to write a composition approximately 120 words entitled Advertisement. You are advised to arrange your idea in three paragraphs withkeys words for each paragraph given. The following are the word must use in your composition.Keywords: criticism, advertise, important, development, newspaper, TV, information, product, customer, manufacture, TV station, money, poor, quality, can't sell well, too many答案与题解：1-25 （略）26. B in one sense: 在某种意义上，固定用法。

2000年3月英语高级口译资格证书笔试真题及答案SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.For centuries Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the___________(1) among Europe's many ancient universities. It is an exclusive greenhouse in which the country's_____________(2) are bred, and it lies only 50 miles from London, close to the centers of power Parliament, the Law Courts and the City. Oxford University has _____________(3) from all over the world who have gone on to achieve the highest position in their own countries_____________(4), administration, science and the arts. Oxford alumini include_____________(5), literary figures and such overseas politicians as American President Bill Clint on and former Pakistani _____________(6) Benazir Bhutto.Fewer positions _____________(7) are grander than being head of an Oxford college. Usually the post _____________(8) of diplomat, administrator and academic. As Sir Roger Bannister, former Master of Pembroke College, put it :“_____________(9) was a new challenge. You have to recognize _____________(10) of the students and you have to help_____________(11). The three-year period students spend at Oxford is the most important of their lives; it _____________(12) and the friendships they form in their university days will_____________(13).”Every year, _____________(14) from home and abroad only a few hundred are chosen by each college through an increasingly _____________(15). Once they are accepted, the undergraduates benefit from _____________(16). The most notable and the rarest of these privileges in the one to one tutorial, at which a student _____________(17) to the tutor. It is a personal system that goes back to the 13th century. The relationship of _____________(18) that can develop between teacher and pupil over three years can be lasting as it is_____________(19). Years after students have left the university, they often return to their tutors _____________(20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard andwrite the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) primary school principal.(B) A teacher of English and other subjects.(C) A short-story writer(D) A poet.2. (A) The USA. (B) Britain.(C) Singapore. (D) Malaysia.3. (A) Education in Singapore.(B) Poems and short stories.(C) English medium schools.(D) A research project.4. (A) She's going to write some poems herself.(B) She will have some poems published.(C) She wants to use poems which are already published.(D) She wants the children to write poems.5. (A) Only the man is pleased. (B) Only the woman is pleased.(C) Both of them are pleased. (D) Neither of them is pleased.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) The digging of a major tunnel was slowing down.(B) A water supply project failed because of unexpected difficulties.(C) Eight people were killed in a train accident.(D) A helicopter was reported missing.裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载3 / 247. (A) To go on providing humanitarian aid. (B) To increase the food supply.(C) To revise the oil-for-food programme. (D) To lift the embargo on his country.8. (A) To cut down on the US military presence in Europe.(B) To increase the European Union's military influence.(C) To make combined efforts to sustain its economic growth.(D) To take concrete actions to stop arms race.9. (A) Sex discrimination in the U.S troops is far less obvious than in other fields of American life.(B) Race relations have considerably improved in the US military.(C) There are more black or Hispanic officers in the armed services than before.(D) Many minority military personnel complained about negative race relations.10. (A) 4.4%. (B) 11.2% (C) 14.4%. (D) 44%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) The language used by the locals.(B) Driving on the wrong side of the road.(C) Naming of the same objects in different ways.(D) All different types of bright colours on men.12. (A) “Chips ”and “crisps ”. (B) “Queue”and “line”.(C) “Fries”and “potato”. (D) “Mate”and “Love”.13. (A) He has a generally negative view of Britain and the British.(B) He is interested in getting to know Britain.(C) He is not happy in Britain.(D) He feels completely at home in Britain.14. (A) So many men wear earrings in one of their ears.(B) People here are politically radical.(C) Young women often wear black.(D) Everyone looks like Madonna.15. (A) Because Britain has a close affinity with the USA.(B) Because Britain has been so much affected by US policies.(C) Because Britain is closer to continental Europe than the USA.(D) Because Britain is more concerned now with world affairs than it used to be. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Local government in parts of Britain.(B) Education at Oxford University.(C) The financing of a university by a county council.(D) Council housing in England and Wales.17. (A) Two. (B) Three.(C) Four. (D) Five.18. (A) Housing and local plans.(B) Highways, libraries and museums.(C) Dustbin collection and environmental health.(D) Swimming baths.19. (A) The Minister of Education is elected every four years.(B) The Minister of Education meets regularly with county councilors.(C) Most of the county councilors on the Education Committee are Paid officials.(D) County councils actually run the schools and colleges in the area.20. (A) The employment of qualified teachers.裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载5 / 24(B) The role of parents in school education.(C) The question of pupil-teacher ratio.(D) The communication between parents and teachers.SECTION 2: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B),(C),or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～5You've insulated the attic, installed triple-glazed windows, and bought high-efficiency appliances. Can you make your home any more eco-friendly? For an increasing number ofAmericans, the answer is yes. You can let nature help cut your utility bill. It may be as simple as replacing outdoor lights with solar-powered fixtures or signing up for you r unility' s “greenpower”program. Thanks to rapidly improving technology and government subsidies, thousands of Americans living in remote locations are finding it can be cheaper to use the sun and wind than fossil fuels.Don't cut your ties to the local utility just yet.But while renewable energy won't replace coal and natural gas soon (or ever, critics contend), consumers have more choice in their energy mix than ever before. Many are choosing to go“green” at least a bit. And they're not all whole -bran environmentalists. Rodman Montello runs a gas station here in Hebbronville, Texas. But when he wanted to bring electricity to his cabin eight miles out of town, he went solar. The reason was simple. The utility wanted $100，000 to extend its electric l ine to his cabin. Mr. Montalvo paid less than $8,000 for his solar system. “It's all right so far, ”he says, looking up at the three solar panels that run a few lights, a fan, and a TV inside. “I can run power tools.”Others, of course, take a more enthu siastic line. “There's a new focus on renewables,” says Thomas White, chairman and chief executive of Enron Renewable Corporation, which hascompleted the world s largest wind farm in Minnesota. “My feeling is that we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late70s,adds Mac Moore, director of business development for BP Solar, one of the largest manufacturers and marketers of solar electricsystems in the world. “Over the next 10 years, if things go well, there going to be a revoluti onary change in the way that we obtain power. ”Wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners. Turbines have become so much more efficient over the past decade that homeowners a quarter-mile from a utility line may find it cheaper to put up a wind turbine than to pay the utility to extend its service. But for most consumers, barriers remain. For one thing, renewable energy systems are expensive to install and require more than a decade before consumers see a payback.Even a good deal on solar panels in a high-sun area would still cost a typical homeowner 30 to 40 cents a kilowatt-hour for electricity, estimates Bob Johnson, industry analyst with Strategies Unlimited, a technology-research firm in Mountain View, Calif. That s far above the six to 15 cents that Americans typically pay their local utility, he adds. Small-scale wind turbines are much more competitive-anywhere from 8 to 15 cents a kilowatt-hour, says Mike Bergey, president of Bergey Windpower in Norman, Okla. But they still require a $30,000 to $35,000 investment up front and it would take most homeowners 15 to 20 years before they'd see any payback.There are other drawbacks. Since these systems only produce energy intermittently, there's no guarantee homeowners can store enough energy to run their homes when the sun isn't shining or the wind blowing. Then there's aesthetics. Will the neighbors accept those solar panels on your roof? Do you want a 100-foot-high wind turbine humming in your backyard like a muffled helicopter? That's why companies like Bergey Windpower are targeting rural residents in the United States especially those in states such as California, which will pay up to half the cost of installing renewable-energy systems.1. According to the passage, which of the following should be considered sources of renewable energy?(A) Petroleum, sunlight and windpower. (B) Gas, water and fossil fuels.(C) Coal, natural gas and hydropower. (D) Sunlight, water and windpower.2. The function of the sent ence “Don t cut your ties to the local utility just yet.”(Para.2) is_______.(A) to state the thesis of the passage(B) to serve as a summary of the passage(C) to play the role of transition(D) to lead to a counter-argument in the following paragraphs3. The sentence “we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late 70s” (Para.4) suggests which of the following?(A) The greatest breakthrough of computer technology was in the late'70s.(B) A great change in renewable energy technology will occur quite soon.裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载7 / 24(C) The “green power”program and the development of personal computer are of equal significance.(D) Solar energy will replace all other energies in about ten years' time.4. It can be concluded from the passage that the author_______.(A) does not reveal his personal view towards the use of renewable energy(B) makes a systematic comparison between non-renewable energy and renewable energy(C) displays an objective view towards the application of renewable energy(D) does not side with the environmentalists5. It can be inferred from the passage that more people will ______.(A) use both non-renewable and renewable energy(B) stick to the use of local utility(C) not be used to renewable energy(D) use renewable energy onlyQuestions 6～10You saw the stories of the embarrassment at Encyclopedia Britannica last week as thecompany's highly advertised free Web site was jammed into nonfunctioning. The stories were of some 10 million hits a day clogging the site, www. britannica. com; of three separate apologies given to would be users of the free reference service; of promises to get the thing up and running, perhaps as early as this week. More striking, though, is what the stories didn't say: What an extraordinary thing it is that people around the world suddenly have access free access toknowledge that would have been the envy of a university professor earlier in my own lifetime. As for ordinary people, I remember how the encyclopedia salesmen would come around with their sample volumes, their memorized spiels and their offers of “easy”terms if you'd only sign up for Compton's or world book. Owning an encyclopedia or “a set of encyclopedias”, as we used to say was a pretty big deal for families of modest means, an unaffordable luxury for many of the folk in my hometown. And now it's all free or will be as soon as Britannica works out the bugs. The reason it's free is the Britannica, whose hard-copy sales are down some 80 percent since 1990, is forced to compete with Microsoft-s dominant Encarta Encyclopedia.But the encyclopedia isjust one small illustration of the explosion both in knowledge and in our access to it since Thomas Jefferson's modest book collection formed the nucleus of the Libraryof Congress. Not only does my own house now contain more books than Jefferson ever owned, but my access to public libraries, bookstores and, of course, the Web, gives my family information resources beyond the imagination of world-class scholars a short time ago.I've just had a phone call from a friend who tells me that, in preparation for an upcoming trip to Benin, she's downloaded 75 to 100 pages of information, from a score of sites, on that West African country information on everything from the local currency, political situation and weather to the latest local news and the street address of the American embassy. “I'm starting to feel almost like I know the place, even though I've never been there,”she said. Marco Polo, eat your heart out.Nor is it just information that is so profusely available. Think of the difficulties confronting a 19th-century music lover. He could, of course, hear local folk artists. But if he had a fondness for, say, Bach or Beethoven, he'd have to hire an orchestra and a place for it to perform which means he'd have to be wealthy. Today, any teenager with a CD player (or even an FM radio) can hear almost any music of his of her choosing, performed by top musicians, virtually at will. The same youngster could, at a whim, look at tens of thousands of paintings from the National Gallery of Art.Think of laws forbidding anyone to teach slaves to read. Think of Hitler's book burnings. Think of all the attempts over the years to enforce either orthodoxy or the status quo by putting learning off-limits, and you begin to sense the power of what is happening. The walls of caste and class have not been razed, but they are suddenly, irrevocably, more porous.And yet not completely porous. The pertinence of the “digital divide”is a reminder that some Americans remain cut off from the power of the knowledge revolution. We have to get serious not merely about the technology but also the psychology of bridging that divide. We have to infect our turned-off adults and our uninspired children with the desire to know more of what is within their grasp already and the oceans more that shortly will be.If that's true of end-of-the-century America, it is immeasurably worse for much of the rest of the world. As U.N. Secretary General Kofi A nnan remarked in a recent speech, “Half the world's population has never even made, or received, a telephone call.”6. The author cites the example of Encyclopedia Britannica at the beginning of the passage mainly to show that ________.(A) its Web site is the target of millions of hackers(B) the Web site can be repaired soon(C) it is one of the major signs of knowledge explosion(D) it is the symbol of the arrival of encyclopedic age裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载9 / 247. Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the sentence “Marco Polo, eat your heart out.”(Para.4)?(A) Marco polo would be sad to know about the easy access to information about the world.(B) Marco polo would sincerely welcome the information age.(C) Marco polo would be happy to learn to use the Web.(D) Marco polo would never believe the story from the author's friend.8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A) Both Compton's and World Book are encyclopedias.(B) Encarta Encyclopedia is giving way to Encyclopedia Britannica.(C) The sales of Encyclopedia Britannica have been going down dramatically over the past decade.(D) Encyclopedia Britannica opens its Web site to attract more readers.9. The author quotes U.N. Secretary General's remark in the last paragraph mainly to demonstrate that _________.(A) telephone is more important to the Web than the poor(B) digital revolution will be welcomed by the poor(C) the gap between the rich and the poor can be wider in the information age(D) half the world's population will benefit from knowledge explosion10. The last two paragraphs of the passage can be perceived as __________.(A) the summary of the whole passage(B) the introduction of the concept “digital divide”(C) the prediction about America in the new century(D) the warning of issues behind technological progressQuestions 11～15One of France's best known war photographers is braced for a new battle over his work in the Paris Metro. Luc Delahaye, who won awards for his photographs in Rwanda and who was once beaten up by Serbians in Croatia, has published a book of “stolen”portraits of Metro travellers that directly challenges French privacy laws.The book, called L'Autre (The Other), has been hailed by critics as an evocative study that cleverly captures the thrill of examining stranger's faces on an underground train. Yet Delahaye was forced to turn to a British publisher, Phaidon. No French publisher would touch his 90 black and white pictures. Under French laws drawn up to deter paparazzi from stalking celebrities, all citizens are entitled to the right to control their own image. In theory, Delahaye should have his subjects to ask permission to photograph them.But the purpose of his two-year project, during which he photographed 1,400 people with a hidden camera in his lap, was to capture them when they were unaware. Delahaye acknowledged last week that the publication of the book in France this month has made him vulnerable to up to 90 lawsuits should disgruntled travellers sue. But he said he was attempting to capture the awkward silence and wandering thoughts common to travellers crushed together on underground trains. “I found it unthinkable to turn up and say, ‘Bonj our, please stand like this or like that, ’” he said. “And you can't look people in the face because they feel you looking at them. ”In a review of the British edition of the book, published earlier this year, a critic from The Times noted: “These anonymous portraits speak more about the lives, feeling and concerns of the sitters than any number of words could.”In France, however, artistic merit is no defence if an individual considers that a photographed has invaded his privacy. The books publication seems likely to fuel a vigorous debate over government plans to amend privacy laws, further restricting the .kinds of photographs that newspapers can publish.Elisabeth Guigou, the justice minister, is proposing to extend to victims of crimes and natural disasters the privacy rights currently exploited mainly by celebrities. Draft laws are designed to safeguard the dignity of victims who may be photographed grieving, covered in blood or in a state of undress. The proposals have outraged the media. They were inspired by the paparazzi who swarmed around the dying body of Diana, Princess of Wales after her car crash in Paris.But Alain Genestar, of Paris Match, claims the proposed laws would have banned from France such images as the naked vietnamese girl fleeing a napalm attack; the assassination of President John F Kennedy; and pictures of victims of natural disasters. Genestar and other editors complain that government's obsession with privacy will infringe freedom of expression. “Even if they are doing this with good intentions, this policy has a name: censors hip. ” Genestar said.11. Luc Delaware's book L' Autre is published in Britain because _______.(A) his pictures are all black and white(B) French publishers do not accept it裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载11 / 24(C) the British publisher has promised more returns(D) he violated French privacy laws12.Which of the following is TRUE about Delahaye's L' Autre?(A) The publication of the British edition and French edition came out simultaneously.(B) The French edition of the book is not allowed to sell.(C) The publication of the book has aroused controversy.(D) The subjects of his pictures in the book are going to sue him.13.Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the passage?(A) French laws are more strict than British laws concerning privacy rights.(B) Delahaye took pictures of Metro travellers without asking for their permission.(C) The publication of L'Autre has received positive reviews from critics.(D) Luc Delahaye thinks it ridiculous to ask people to pose for pictures.14. Alain Genestar of Paris Match cites the pictures of the naked Vietnamese girl fleeing a napalm attack, the assassination of President Kennedy and the victims of natural disasters mainly to demonstrate that ___________.(A) he is critical of the publication of Delahaye's L' Autre(B) all these pictures are of historical significance(C) France is not considered to be a democratic country(D) freedom of expression is more important than the concern with privacy15. The word “paparazzi”used in the passag e is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) brave war photographers such as Delahaya(B) reporters who are doggedly after famous people(C) victims of crimes and natural disasters(D) publishers who only print pictures of celebritiesQuestions 16～20Mitsubishi Motors just announced plans to cut 10,000j obs. Last week Nissan, now owned by Renault and answering to its tough-minded foreign boss, pledged to slash 16,500. Similar reports from Tokyo for the past year have been greeted by American and British economists as signals that at last the famous Japanese practice of permanent employment is vanishing — a profound, traumatic transformation that they insist Japan needs.But there is less to trend than meets the eye. Reading past the headlines, one discovers that Mitsubishi's cuts will not take full effect until March 2004. Even Nissan's new chief operating officer, Carlos Ghosn, known to the world as “The Cost Killer, ”will spread out the downsizing over three years. And Japan's companies are making many of their adjustments through attrition, hiring freezes, voluntary retirement buyouts and reassignment of employees to subsidiaries. What is striking about what is happening now is not that is represents a change in the way companies deal with workers, but that it shows remarkable continuity in nearly desperate economic times.For decades, American analysts have been predicting that a change in the Japanese ways of doing business was imminent. In good times, like the 60's or 80's, labor shortages and affluence were expected to lead employees to reject the status quo and start job hopping. In bad times, like the 70's or 90's, the pressure of the bottom line was expected to lead bosses “finally”to a proper market based system of employment.The analysts who make these predictions do not understand the deep historical roots of Japan's employment practices, roots sunk in its legal system, the structure of schools, its systems of job recruiting and skill development, its decades-old cooperative relations between companies and unions, and the implicit expectations we call culture.On the very day of the Nissan announcement, a back-page story in Japanese newspapers showed how firm the grip of these foots can be. The game maker Sega had fired a 35 -year-old man for “lack of ability”. He protested with a lawsuit, and the courts ruled in his favor. They called the termination an “abuse of the right to fire, ”decided the company had made “insufficient effort to train the employee”and ordered Sega to pay back wages.Japan does, of course, need economic reform. But the country's current crisis is rooted in a paralyzed financial system and stagnant consumer demand, especially at home. It is not a crisis of unproductive or lazy systems of industrial production. The financial system needs a thorough housecleaning, not only more transparent and effective regulation, but also internal reforms to insure that banks make more serious risk assessment when they start lending aggressively again. The country also needs public works spending and tax cuts to get commerce moving faster.But it is probably a good thing that the Japanese system resists the sort of change that would please the economic seers who thrill to misleading reports about huge employee cutbacks. A working person's prescription for change would first note that the cuts that have taken place, timid as they are by American standards, have shaken the confidence of consumers. Job security and裕德教育口译[/kouyi] 网络资料下载13 / 24stable wages, and public policies to insure them, could reduce fears and make people feel more comfortable about buying, increasing domestic demand and promoting recovery.It is worth remembering that for several decades, with the familiar employment system inplace, the productivity of Japanese industrial organizations and their ability to cope with shocks — like the oil crises or the tripling of the value of the yen against the dollar — was the envy of the world.16.Which of the basic writing skills does the author mainly use in the passage?(A) classification (B) definition(C) illustration (D) argumentation17.Which of the following best paraphrases the statement “there is less to the trend than meets the eye” (Para.2)(A) Everything can be observed through the trend.(B) The trend is superficial rather than fundamental.(C) The trend shows the continuity of Japanese recruiting practice.(D) The trend tells us little about the Japanese employment system.18.Which of the following shows the authors major concern?(A) The necessity of reform of Japanese financial system.(B) American and British economists-view towards Japanese practice of permanent employment.(C) Thejustification of the continuity of Japanese employment practice.(D) The relationship between Japanese culture and its systems ofjob reruiting.19.According to the author, all of the following can be concluded from the passage EXCEPT that ________.(A) Japanese system of employment is also applicable to western countries(B) American analysts prediction is not well-grounded(C) the “profound, traumatic transformation”in Japanese employment practice will not occur。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试ORAL TESTDirections: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supportingdetails adequate. Youshould also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is … ”.Topic: The real estate market inChinaQuestions for Reference:1. Whatdoyouknow aboutthereal estatemarkettrendinShanghai as well asin China?2. Why are people becomingmore active inbuyingtheir ownhouses inrecentyears?3. If youhaveenoughmoney, whatkindof housewouldyouliketobuy? Why?4. What conclusions could you draw from the booming real estate business?上海市英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试INTERPRETAION TEST (Paper 33)Part ADirections: Inthis partof thetest, youwill hear 2 passages inEnglish. After youhave heardeachsentence or paragraph, interpretitintoChinese. Startinterpretingatthe signal …andstopitatthe signal … Youmay take notes while youare listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let us begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:There are 2 types of social communication intelligence. The first one refers to the ability to understand oneself. Children with the intelligence for self-understanding know how to make plans and arrangements, and know how to bringtheir ability intofull play. They candothings ontheir ownina well-organizedway without their parents’ supervisio n.//The second type is the ability to understand others. Children with this kind of ability are good at spottingthe peculiarities of other people and imitatingthem.For instance, they can easily identify a negative character in a TV play or a film. Therefore,parents should make their children develop their potential intelligence according to their own characteristics.(参考答案)社会交际智能有两种。