通信工程专业英语论文

⽆线通信G介绍英⽂论⽂ABriefIntroductionAboutGNetworkA B r i e f I n t r o d u c t i o n A b o u t5G N e t w o r k JiaAbstractWith the rapid development of wireless technologies, theconcept of the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication system started to emerge. But most people know little about 5G，including some aspects of 5G wireless communication networks ,just like what 5G is about: what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them. Besides, A number of countries and organizations working on 5G, 5G development situation in China is of concern to everyone, China also needs to have its own place in such a competitive environment.Keywords:5G Network, history, Core concept, Challenges, Solutions, In chinaTable of Content1. Introduction5G (Fifth-generation mobile communications) is a new generation of mobile communication mobile communication systems for 2020, with high spectral efficiency and low power consumption, in terms of transfer rate and resource utilization improvement over 4G system 10 times, its wireless coverage performance and user experience will be significantly improved. 5G will be closely integrated with other wireless mobile communication technology, constitute a new generation of ubiquitous mobile information network, to meet future mobile Internet traffic 1000x development needs in 10 years.[1] In this paper I will show you some latest research and development history,what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them firstly. In the rest of paper I will show how 5G development in China in recent years and my conclusion after research literature.2. Research and development historyFebruary 2013, the EU announced that it would grant 50 million euros to accelerate the development of 5G mobile technology, plans to launch a mature standard in 2020. [2][3]May 13,2013,South Korea's Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. announced that it has successfully developed the 5th generation mobile communication (5G) core technology, which is expected to begin in 2020 to commercialization. The technology can transmit data at ultra-high frequency 28GHz to 1Gbps per second speed, and the maximum transmission distance of up to 2 km. In contrast, the current fourth generation Long Term Evolution (4GLTE) and services of only the transmission rate75Mbps. Prior to the transmission bottleneck is widely believed that a technical problem, while Samsung Electronics is the use of 64 adaptive array antenna elements transmission technology to crack this problem. Compared with the transmission speed of 4G technology in South Korea, 5G technology is hundreds of times faster. Using this technique, download a high-definition (HD) movie just need 10 seconds.Back in 2009, Huawei has launched the early research related technologies, and to show the prototype of the 5G base in later November 6, 2013,Huawei announced that it would invest $600 millionin 2018 for the 5G technology development and innovation, and predicted that users will enjoy 20Gbps commercial 5G mobile networks in 2020.May 8, 2014, the Japanese telecom operator NTT DoCoMo announced officially, Ericsson ,Nokia, Samsung and other six manufacturers to work together, began testing override 1000 times than existing 4G networks the carrying capacity of the high-speed network 5G network, the transmission speed is expected to 10Gbps. Outdoor testing scheduled to commence in 2015, and expects to begin operations in 2020.[3]March 1, 2015, the British "Daily Mail" reported that the British 5G network has successfully developed and tested for data transmission within 100 meters per second data transfer of up to 125GB, is times the 4G network, in theory, a 30 seconds to download movies, adding that investment in public test in 2018, 2020 officially put into commercial use.[4]February 11, 2015 in the afternoon news, IMT-2020 (5G) to promote the group (hereinafter referred to as "advance group") held a conference in Beijing 5G concept of white paper. White Paper from the mobile Internet and networking composed mainly of application scenarios, business needs and challenges of starting summedcontinuous wide area coverage, high reliability of the four major technology 5G scene of high capacity, low powerconsumption and low latency connection. Meanwhile, the combination of core technologies and key capabilities 5G and 5G concept proposed by the "flag sexuality index + a set of key technologies" common definition. March 3,2015,the European Economic and Social Commission for Digital Furusawa Ottinge officially announced the EU's vision of public-private partnerships 5G, and strive to ensure that the right to speak in the next generation of mobile technology in Europe in the global said that, 5G vision of public-private partnership involves not only fiber, wireless or satellite communications network integrated with each other, will also use the software-defined networking (SDN), network functions virtualization (NFV), Mobile Edge computing (MEC) and Fog Computing technology. In the spectrum, the EU's vision of public-private partnership will be designated 5G hundreds of megahertz to improve network performance, 60 GHz and higher frequency bands will also be taken into account.A number of countries and organizations announced, 5G network will be operational between 2020 ~ 2025.3. Core ConceptWhat is 5G I believe many people will be so questionable when see 5G. Judging from the word meaning, 5G refers to the fifth generation of mobile communications. However, how should it define Currently, the global industry for 5G concept not yet agreed. China IMT-2020 (5G) group released the White Paper considers the concept 5G, 5G integrated key capabilities and core technology, 5G concept by "important targets" and "a group of key technologies" to a common definition. Among them, the flag indicators "Gbps rate user experience" is a set of key technologies, including large-scale antenna array, ultra-dense networking, new multi-site, full-spectrum access and new network architectures.Recalling the course of development of mobile communications, each generation of mobile communication systems can be defined by sexual performance indicators and signs of key technologies. Wherein, 1G using FDMA, only analog voice services; 2G mainly using TDMA, can provide voice and low-speed digital data services; 3G to CDMA technology is characterized by user peak rate of 2Mbps to reach tens of Mbps, support multimedia data services; 4G OFDMA technology as the core, the user peak rate of up to 100Mbps ~ 1Gbps, can support a variety of mobile broadband data services.5G key competencies richer than previous generations of mobile communications, user experience, speed, density of connections, end to end delay, the peak rate and mobility and so will be the 5G key performance indicators. However, unlike the case in the past only to emphasize different peak rate, the industry generally believe that the rate of the user experience is the most important performance indicators, it truly reflects the real data rate available to the user, and the user experience is the closest performance. Based on the technology needs of the main scene 5G, 5G user experience rate should reach Gbps magnitude.Faced with diverse scenes of extreme performance demands differentiation, 5G cannot have solutions for all scenarios. In addition, the current wireless technology innovation has diversified development trend, in addition to the new multi-access technology, large-scale antenna array, ultra-dense network, the whole spectrum access, the new network architecture, also is considered to be the main technical can play a key role in the major technology scene. [5]4. Challenges and SolutionsIn this part I outline some observed research challengesand directions in the mobile network development and show some may become the future trends and solutions that may lead to improved network performance while meeting the constantly increasing user demands.5G Transport ChallengeIn order to understand the 5G transport challenges one must understand how 5G may evolve the radio access the various initiatives that are looking into 5G, we can defines 5G in terms of scenarios which the next generation wireless access networks will have to support. [6]A total of five future scenarios have been defined,namely amazingly fast (users want to enjoy instantaneous network connectivity), great service in a crowd, ubiquitous things communicating ., effective support to Internet of Things), super real time and reliable connections, and best experience follows you. Each of these scenariosintroduces a challenge .Three of these challenges ., very high data rate, very dense crowds of users and mobility) are more traditional in the sense that they are related to continued enhancement of user experience and supporting increasing traffic volumes and mobility. Two emerging challenges, very low latency and very low energy, cost and massive number of devices, are associated with the application of wireless communications to new areas. Future applications may be associated with one or several of these scenarios imposing different challenges to the network. In METIS twelve specific test cases were defined and mapped onto the five scenarios. The selected test cases essentially sample the space of future applications. Once technical enablers that fulfill there quirements for these test cases are defined, it is expected that other applications subject to the same fundamental challenges, will successfully be supported. As a consequence, defining technical enablers for the 5G test cases means also defining technical solutions to the 5G challenges.While METIS[7] is focused on wireless access, the challenges defined for 5G are expected to impact also the transport. Support for very high data rates will require both higher capacity radio access nodes as well as a densification of radio access sites. This, in turn, translates into a transport network that needs to support more sites and higher capacity per site, . huge traffic volumes. The greatservice in a crowd scenario will put requirements on the transport network to provide very high capacity on-demand to specific geographical locations. In addition, the best experience follows you scenario, suggests a challenge in terms of fast reconfigurability of the transport resources. On the contrary, the other 5G challenges are not expected to play as important role for shaping the transport, as for example the case of very low latency and very low energy, cost and massive number of devices. A properly dimensioned transport network based on modern wireless and/or optical technologies is already today able to provide extremely low latency, ., the end-to-end delay contribution of the transport network is usually almost negligible. In addition, while a huge number of connected machines and devices will create a challenge for the wireless network, it will most probably not significantly impact the transport. This is due to the fact that the traffic generated by a large number of devices over a geographical area will already be aggregated in the transport. The three scenarios for the transport network described above are summarized along with their corresponding challenges and test cases. Note that does not report all the original test cases but only those that pose challenges to the transport network. This information will be used later in the paper to identify the appropriate transport technologies.5G Transport Challenge and some SolutionsThis section provides an overview of a number of transportoptions for 5G wireless networks. A 5G transport network can be divided in two different segments, ., small cell transportand metro/aggregation (Fig. 2). The small cell transport segment aggregates the traffic to/from the wireless small cells towards the metro/aggregation segment. Different solutions in terms of technology ., optics, wireless) and topology ., tree, ring, mesh) are possible depending on the specific wireless access scenario. The metro/aggregation segment, on the other hand, connects different site types ., macro and/or small cells) among themselves and to the core network, the latter via the service edge (service node for the interconnection among different network domains). For the metro/aggregation segment one promising solution is represented by a dense-wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)[8] - centric network. In such a network, packet aggregation takes place at the edges of the network ., at small/macro cells sites and at the service edge), while at center ., between access and metro rings) switching is done completely in the optical domain thanks to active optical elements such as wavelength selective switches (WSSs) and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). It has already been demonstrated that DWDM-centric solutions have the potential to offer high capacity (in the order of tens to hundreds of Gbps) and lower energy consumption than their packet-centric counterparts ., with packet aggregation at the center of the network). [9] For this reason the DWDM-centric metro/aggregation concept may represent a good candidate for future 5G transport networks.[10]Machine to Machine CommunicationMachine to Machine Communication Besides network evolution, we observe also device evolution that become more and more powerful. The future wireless landscape will serve not only mobile users through such devices as smartphones, tablets or game consoles but also a tremendous number of any other devices, such as cars, smart grid terminals, health monitoring devices and household appliances that would soon require a connection to the Internet. The number of connected devices will proliferate at a very high speed. It is estimated that the M2M traffic will increase 24-fold between 2012 and 2017 .[11]M2M communication is already today often used in fleet monitoringor vehicle tracking. Possible future usage scenarios include a wide variety of e-health applications and devices, for instance new electronic and wireless apparatus used to address the needs of elderly people suffering from diseases like Alzheim er’s, o r wearable heart monitors. Such sensors would enable patient monitoring and aid doctors to observe patients constantly and treat them in a better way. It will also reduce the costs of treatment, as it can be doneremotely, without the need of going to a hospital.Remote patient monitoring using a Body Area Network (BAN), where a number of wireless sensors, both on-skin and implanted, record the patient’s health parameter s and sends reports to a doctor, will soon become a reality and an important part of 5G paradigm. Therefore, in order to offer e-health services, 5G will need to provide high bandwidth, meet extremely high Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, ., ultra low latency and lossless video compression for medical purposes, and implement enhanced security mechanisms. Furthermore, extended work will need to be done to efficiently manage radio resources, due to high diversity of traffic types, ranging from the reports sent periodically by the meters, to high quality medical video transmission.Core Network VirtualisationMoving towards 5G imposes changes not only in the Radio Access Network (RAN) but also in the Core Network (CN), where new approaches to network design are needed to provide connectivity to growing number of users and devices. The trend is to decouple hardware from software and move the network functions towards the latter one. Software Defined Networking (SDN) being standardised by Open Networking Foundation (ONF) assumes separation of the control and data plane[12]. Consequently, thanks to centralization and programmability, configuration of forwarding can be greatly automated. Moreover, standardisation efforts aiming at defining Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) are conducted by multiple industrial partners including network operators and equipment vendors within ETSI.[13] Introducing a new software based solution is much faster than installing an additional specialised device with a particular functionality. Both solutions would improve the network adaptability and make it easily scalable. As a result of simpler operation, one can expect more dynamic and faster deployment of new network features.SummaryI only list a partial of the challenges of 5G networks and possible solutions , in fact, before making a formal universal 5G are still many problems to be overcome, it also requires effort frontline researchers.5. 5G In ChinaWhite paperFebruary 11, 2015，China released White paper about concept of 5G. It instantly make more people are concerned about5G. People eager to 5G network as soon as possible.The White Paper published, the concept from various angles, core competencies, technical characteristics of 5G defined and interpreted. At the same time, this is the IMT-2020 (5G) to promote the group last year after the publication of the White Paper 5G vision and needs another masterpiece. The foreseeable future, as the Chinese government pay more attention to the development of 5G and adopt a more open attitude, with the joint efforts of the industry, and China will play an increasingly important role in the global 5G development, global industry will also be unified 5G standard stride forward.5G standardsChina will actively participate in the development of 5G standards, will help China to further enhance the patent position in international communication standards, escort for our mobile phone manufacturing.China is a big manufacturing country, the state has proposed the creation of a strategic shift to China, 3G and 4G standards successful experience will help us win more patents in the development of 5G standard time, to achieve the transformation of China to create the goal.China communications companiesFebruary 12, 2015, the International Telecommunication Union standard 5G start research work, and clearly the IMT-2020 work plan: will complete the IMT-2020 international standard preliminary studies in 2015, 2016 will be carried out 5G technical performance requirements and evaluation methods Research, by the end of 2017 to start collecting 5G candidate to complete standards by the end of 2020.It is worth noting that, in the 5G standards, Huawei, ZTE and otherChinese telecommunications companies such as Ericsson veteran communications companies also play an important role, in which Huawei from between 2013 to 2018, five years is ho throw $ 600 million 5G conduct research and innovation. Recently, ZTE 5G key technologies to achieve new progress. Following the end of the year to complete Massive MIMO antenna array massive field test, ZTE independently developed the proposed super dense network UDN, multiple users to share access to Multi-User Shared Access and other core technologies through demonstration, in Pre5G phase is expected to be applied.[14]Huawei CEO HuHouKun rotation, said in 2015, the company will spend the equivalent of about 10% in 2014 research and development budget, or $ 60 million, the development of 5G technology. Overall, the company's commitment in the next few years, $ 600 million investment in 5G technology. 5G is a next-generation mobile communications standard, is expected early in the next decade and put into use.[15]SummaryChina needs to have its own place in the 5G market, China's communications companies are also very hard, believe in the future, China's R & D level 5G will lead other countries.6. ConlusionIn this paper，I presented a summary of the concept,chanlleges,solusions and 5G in 2020 and the future of the mobile Internet and networking business needs, 5G will focus on supporting the continuous wide area coverage, hot high-capacity, low power consumption and low latency connection highly reliable four main technical scenario, the use of large scale antenna array , ultra-dense networking, new multi-site, full-spectrum access and new network architectures, such as the core technology, through the evolution of new 4G air interface and two technical routes to achieve Gbps rate user experience, and to ensure consistency in service under a variety of scenarios .5G network to achieve real business there are a lot of unresolved issues. Also faced include how to design network architecture, including many technical challenges. Compared with previous generations of communications technology, 5G era biggest challenge is not how to increase the rate, but the user experience with traffic density, the number of terminals from a series of interwoven problems. As much as possible while also reducing user costs. This is the 5G network must be solved.。

多次反射罐方案DSA用于多跳认知无线电网络的分布式网络编码控制信道Alfred Asterjadhi等著1 前言大多数电磁频谱由政府机构长期指定给公司或机构专门用于区域或国家地区。

由于这种资源的静态分配，许可频谱的许多部分在许多时间和/或位置未使用或未被充分利用。

另一方面，几种最近的无线技术在诸如IEEE802.11，蓝牙，Zigbee之类的非许可频段中运行，并且在一定程度上对WiMAX进行操作;这些技术已经看到这样的成功和扩散，他们正在访问的频谱- 主要是2.4 GHz ISM频段- 已经过度拥挤。

为了为这些现有技术提供更多的频谱资源，并且允许替代和创新技术的潜在开发，最近已经提出允许被许可的设备（称为次要用户）访问那些许可的频谱资源，主要用户未被使用或零星地使用。

这种方法通常被称为动态频谱接入（DSA），无线电设备发现和机会性利用未使用或未充分利用的频谱带的能力通常称为认知无线电（CR）技术。

DSA和CR最近都引起了无线通信和网络界的极大关注。

通常设想两种主要应用。

第一个是认知无线接入（CW A），根据该认知接入点，认知接入点负责识别未使用的许可频谱，并使用它来提供对次用户的接入。

第二个应用是我们在这个技术中研究的应用，它是认知自组织网络（CAN），也就是使用用于二级用户本身之间通信的无许可频谱，用于诸如点对点内容分发，环境监控，安全性等目的，灾难恢复情景通信，军事通信等等。

设计CAN系统比CW A有更多困难，主要有两个原因。

第一是识别未使用的频谱。

在CW A中，接入点的作用是连接到互联网，因此可以使用简单的策略来推断频谱可用性，例如查询频谱调节器在其地理位置的频谱可用性或直接与主用户协商频谱可用性或一些中间频谱经纪人另一方面，在CAN中，与频谱调节器或主要用户的缺乏直接通信需要二级用户能够使用检测技术自己识别未使用的频谱。

第二个困难是辅助用户协调媒体访问目的。

在CW A中存在接入点和通常所有二级用户直接与之通信（即，网络是单跳）的事实使得直接使用集中式媒体接入控制（MAC）解决方案，如时分多址（TDMA）或正交频分多址（OFDMA）。

介绍通信网学科的英语作文English Response:The field of telecommunications encompasses the study of systems and technologies used for transmitting information over long distances. It involves various aspects of communication, including signal processing, network design, information theory, and protocol development. Telecommunication networks enable the transmission of data, voice, and video signals through different media, such as copper wires, fiber optics, wireless links, and satellites.One of the fundamental components of telecommunications is signal processing. Signal processing techniques are employed to encode, modulate, and demodulate signals to ensure their reliable transmission over communication channels. Modulation is the process of varying the characteristics of a carrier signal to represent the information-bearing signal, while demodulation recovers theoriginal signal at the receiving end.Network design plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance and reliability of telecommunication networks. It involves determining the appropriate network topology, routing algorithms, and traffic management strategies to ensure efficient and reliable transmission of data. Network designers consider factors such as bandwidth requirements, latency, and resilience to design networks that meet the specific needs of users.Information theory provides the mathematical foundation for understanding the limits and capabilities of communication systems. It establishes fundamentalprinciples for encoding and decoding information, including concepts such as entropy, redundancy, and channel capacity. Information theory enables the design of communication systems that maximize the efficiency of information transmission while minimizing errors.Protocol development is another essential aspect of telecommunications. Protocols define the rules andprocedures for communication between different devices and networks. They specify the format of data packets, the methods for exchanging data, and the mechanisms for error detection and correction. Protocols ensure interoperability between different devices and networks, allowing them to communicate effectively.中文回答：电信网络学科介绍。

Communication is an essential aspect of our daily lives,and the ability to express oneself clearly and effectively in English is crucial in the globalized world.Here are some key points to consider when writing an essay on communication in English:1.Importance of Communication:Begin your essay by discussing why communication is vital.You can mention how it is the cornerstone of relationships,both personal and professional.2.Cultural Differences:Highlight the role of cultural understanding in communication. Explain how different cultures have unique ways of expressing ideas and emotions, which can affect the clarity and effectiveness of communication.3.Verbal and Nonverbal Communication:Distinguish between verbal and nonverbal forms of communication.Verbal communication includes spoken words,while nonverbal encompasses body language,facial expressions,and tone of voice.4.Active Listening:Emphasize the importance of active listening in communication.It involves not just hearing the words but also understanding the underlying message and responding appropriately.nguage Barriers:Discuss the challenges posed by language barriers and how they can be overcome.Mention the role of translation services,bilingual education,and language learning in bridging these gaps.6.Technology and Communication:Explore how technology has transformed communication.Discuss the impact of social media,email,and instant messaging on the way we interact with one another.7.Effective Communication Skills:Provide tips for effective communication in English. This could include being clear,concise,and respectful,as well as using appropriate language and avoiding jargon.8.Workplace Communication:Discuss the importance of effective communication in the workplace.Explain how it can lead to better collaboration,increased productivity,and a positive work environment.9.Global Communication:Address the role of English as a global language in facilitating international communication.Discuss the benefits and challenges of using English as a lingua franca.10.Conclusion:Conclude your essay by summarizing the key points and reiterating the importance of effective communication in English.You may also suggest ways to improve communication skills,such as engaging in more conversations,practicing public speaking,or taking language courses.Remember to structure your essay with a clear introduction,body paragraphs that explore each point in detail,and a conclusion that wraps up your e a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to demonstrate your proficiency in English. Additionally,proofread your work to ensure it is free of grammatical errors and typos.。

通讯领域的英语作文Title: The Evolution of Communication Technology: Connecting the World。

In the contemporary era, communication technology plays a pivotal role in shaping the way we interact, share information, and connect with others globally. From the rudimentary methods of communication to the advent of sophisticated digital platforms, the evolution of communication technology has revolutionized the world in unprecedented ways. In this essay, we will delve into the profound impact of communication technology on society and explore its transformative journey.To begin with, the emergence of language as a mode of communication laid the foundation for human interaction. Through verbal exchanges and primitive forms of writing, early civilizations were able to convey messages and preserve their history. However, the evolution of communication technology accelerated with the invention ofwriting systems, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics, enabling the recording and dissemination of information over vast distances.The invention of the printing press in the 15th century marked a significant milestone in communication technology. Gutenberg's movable type printing press revolutionized the spread of knowledge by making books more accessible and affordable. This invention paved the way for the mass production of literature, fueling the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment.The telegraph, introduced in the 19th century, further transformed communication by enabling rapid long-distance transmission of messages through electrical signals. This innovation revolutionized global commerce, diplomacy, and news dissemination, shrinking the world and laying the groundwork for future advancements.The 20th century witnessed an explosion of communication technologies, beginning with the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Thetelephone revolutionized interpersonal communication, allowing individuals to converse in real-time across great distances. Subsequent innovations, such as radio and television, transformed mass communication, shaping public opinion and culture on a global scale.However, it was the advent of the internet in the late 20th century that truly revolutionized communication. Initially developed as a means of military communication, the internet evolved into a global network connecting billions of people worldwide. The World Wide Web, introduced in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, revolutionized access to information, commerce, and social interaction.The proliferation of mobile technology in the 21st century further accelerated the pace of communication evolution. Smartphones, equipped with internet connectivity and an array of communication apps, have become ubiquitous tools for staying connected in today's digital age. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have redefined how we interact, share information, and form communities online.Moreover, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has ushered in a new era of communication technology. Chatbots, virtual assistants, and language translation tools have made communication more efficient and accessible across language barriers. Additionally, advancements in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are transforming how we perceive and interact with digital content, further blurring the lines between physical and virtual communication.Looking ahead, the future of communication technology holds immense promise and potential. Emerging technologies such as 5G networks, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are poised to revolutionize communication in ways we can only imagine. From autonomous vehicles to smart cities, the interconnectedness facilitated by these technologies will reshape industries, societies, and the very fabric of human interaction.In conclusion, the evolution of communication technology has been a remarkable journey, shaping the waywe connect and communicate with one another. From ancient writing systems to the internet age, each innovation has propelled humanity forward, breaking down barriers and expanding the boundaries of possibility. As we stand on the cusp of a new era of technological advancement, it is essential to harness the power of communication technology for the greater good, fostering understanding, collaboration, and progress in an increasingly interconnected world.。

通讯技术英语作文模板英文回答：Communication Technologies。

Communication technologies have revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world. From the early days of the telephone and telegraph to the modern era of smartphones and the internet, communication technology has played a vital role in shaping human history.The Evolution of Communication Technologies。

The history of communication technologies can be traced back to ancient times, with the use of smoke signals, drums, and messengers. The first major breakthrough came in the19th century with the invention of the telegraph, followed by the telephone in the late 19th century. These inventions enabled communication over long distances and paved the way for the modern era of communication.In the 20th century, the development of radio, television, and satellites further expanded the reach of communication. The internet, introduced in the 1990s, has had a transformative impact on communication, providing instant and global connectivity.Types of Communication Technologies。

对移动通信专业课的英文作文Mobile communication has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we interact, access information, and conduct business. As a field of study, mobile communications encompasses a vast array of technological advancements, innovative applications, and evolving industry trends. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of mobile communications as a professional discipline, exploring its key aspects, the skills and knowledge required, and the exciting career prospects it offers.At the core of mobile communications lies the seamless integration of various technologies, including wireless networks, cellular systems, and mobile devices. The rapid development of 4G and 5G networks, coupled with the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets, has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with the digital world. Mobile communication professionals play a crucial role in designing, implementing, and optimizing these complex systems, ensuring reliable and efficient connectivity for users.One of the fundamental aspects of mobile communications is the understanding of wireless network architectures. Students in this field must grasp the principles of radio frequency (RF) propagation, antenna design, and cellular network topologies. They learn to analyze and address the challenges posed by factors such as signal interference, coverage, and capacity optimization. Additionally, they delve into the intricacies of network protocols, such as GSM, CDMA, and LTE, and their role in enabling seamless voice, data, and multimedia communication.Beyond the technical foundations, mobile communications professionals must also possess a strong understanding of mobile device technologies. This includes the hardware components, operating systems, and software applications that power modern smartphones and tablets. They need to stay abreast of the latest advancements in mobile processors, memory, sensors, and display technologies, as well as the evolving user interface designs and mobile app development frameworks.Another crucial aspect of mobile communications is the study of mobile data and services. Students in this field explore the various mobile data transmission techniques, such as packet switching and circuit switching, and learn to optimize data throughput and minimize latency. They also examine the role of mobile internet protocols, such as WAP and GPRS, and their integration withtraditional internet technologies.The field of mobile communications also encompasses the study of mobile applications and services. Students delve into the development of mobile apps, exploring user experience design, cross-platform compatibility, and the integration of advanced features like location-based services, augmented reality, and mobile payments. They also learn to navigate the complex ecosystem of mobile app stores, distribution channels, and monetization strategies.In addition to the technical aspects, mobile communications professionals must also possess strong analytical and problem-solving skills. They must be adept at data analysis, network optimization, and performance monitoring to ensure the smooth operation of mobile systems. Furthermore, they need to understand the regulatory frameworks and industry standards that govern the mobile communications landscape, adapting to the ever-evolving landscape of policies and regulations.The career prospects in mobile communications are vast and diverse. Graduates can find employment in a wide range of industries, including telecommunications companies, mobile device manufacturers, software development firms, and IT consulting agencies. They may take on roles such as network engineers, mobile app developers, data analysts, project managers, and technical salesrepresentatives, contributing to the development and deployment of cutting-edge mobile technologies.Moreover, the field of mobile communications is constantly evolving, presenting professionals with opportunities for continuous learning and growth. As new technologies, such as 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing, continue to emerge, mobile communication experts must stay ahead of the curve, constantly updating their skills and knowledge to remain competitive in the job market.In conclusion, mobile communications is a dynamic and multifaceted field that offers a wealth of opportunities for aspiring professionals. By mastering the technical aspects of wireless networks, mobile devices, and data services, as well as developing strong analytical and problem-solving skills, students in this discipline can position themselves for rewarding careers in a rapidly advancing industry. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on mobile technologies, the demand for skilled mobile communication professionals will only continue to grow, making it an exciting and promising career path.。

通信技术英文作文1. Communication technology has revolutionized the way we connect with others. From the invention of the telephone to the rise of social media, we now have countless ways to stay in touch.2. One of the most important aspects of communication technology is its ability to bring people together across long distances. With video calls and messaging apps, we can now talk to someone on the other side of the world as if they were right next to us.3. Another key benefit of communication technology is its role in spreading information. News can now be shared instantly, allowing people to stay informed about what's happening in the world around them.4. Communication technology has also transformed the way we do business. With email, online meetings, andproject management tools, we can collaborate withcolleagues from anywhere, making it easier to work remotely.5. However, it's important to remember that communication technology also has its drawbacks. With the constant barrage of notifications and messages, it can be difficult to disconnect and have some time for ourselves.6. Additionally, the rise of social media has brought about new challenges, such as cyberbullying and the spreadof misinformation. It's crucial to use communication technology responsibly and be aware of its potential negative impact.7. Looking to the future, communication technology will continue to evolve and shape the way we interact with the world. Whether it's through virtual reality, artificial intelligence, or other innovations, the possibilities are endless.。

Single-chip Voltage Regulation System DesignWeixi ChenCollege of Information Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,430070,ChinaE-mail:61840239@Abstract—At present, the direct-current adjustable power source which is used always regulates voltage by the knob switch, the regulation precision is not accurate, moreover the voltage leaps frequently and it is trouble to use. The digital control voltage source has the characteristic that the operation is easy and the voltage is stable. The chip AT89S51 is used to control input value which given by keyboard, transforms the digital quantity to the simulation quantity by D/A converter DAC0832 and DAC0832 outputs the reference voltage. Amplifier LM324 enlarges the voltage from DAC0832. And the voltage that the reference voltage controls the TIP41C composition of emitter follower output. This design that the output voltage scope is 0-5V, the step may achieve the precision 0.1V, the electric current may achieve 2A, and the LED demonstrates the actual output voltage value. Meanwhile, the program used only three keys to achieve the convenience of the output voltage setting ,with setting value adjustments. It has two kinds of adjust function, which can carry out micro-adjustment (Stepping volume 0.1) .The design of the electric circuit hardware has the characteristic that the design is simple, the application is widespread, the precision is accurate, and the operation is easy. With traditional steady press power supply to compare to have an operation convenience, the power supply stability high characteristics, its exportation electric voltage size adoption figures show.Index Terms---AT89S51 unit; D/A ; digital control voltage sourceI.I NTRODUCTIONWITH the development of digital electronic technology has spread to the way we live, work, research and other fields, the article will introduce a single-chip voltage regulation system --- NC/DC power supply, the power supply from the power circuit, display circuit, the control circuit,digital-to-analog conversion circuit composed of four parts. Compared with the traditional regulated power supply with easy operation, high power stability as well as the size of the output voltage digital display features.CNC voltage source is the most commonly used equipment, are essential in the research and experiments. DC adjustable power supply to almost switch knob to adjust the voltage regulation accuracy is not high, and often transition trouble. CNC voltage source, precision 0.1V per step, the output voltage range of 0V to 5V. To solve the above problem, the design of the graduate design a simple CNC high-precision DC power supply design a micro controller as the core, the power supply with digital control, closed-loop real-time monitoring, high output accuracy, especially suitable for a variety of high precision requirements the occasion. The design approach is adopted by the micro controller D/A, control drive module outputs a stable voltage regulator three-terminal adjustable regulator to adjust the output voltage through the resistor feedback to the op amp, compared with the set value, if a deviation to adjust the output. The course of their work, the micro controller output drive LED display, can be set via the keyboard and adjust the voltage value. The circuit has a simple design, a wide range of applications, high precision.II.S INGLE-CHIP VOLTAGE REGULATOR SYSTEMSOLUTIONSDC / DC power converters in the power industry from the late 1990s on wards, with the demand for greater efficiency and lower consumption, telecommunications and data communications equipment, technology updates to promote to a higher flexibility and intelligent direction. The first generation of distributed power supply system in the 1980s began to shift to the end of the 20th century, more advanced fourth-generation distributed power architectures and intermediate bus structure, the DC/DC power supply industry is facing a new challenge, namely, how the existing system Add to embedded intelligent power system and digital control.As early as the mid-1990s, semiconductor manufacturers have developed a numerical control voltage source management technology at the time, this program cost-effective compared with the the analog control program was widely used at a disadvantage, and therefore can not be widely adopted.Optimal attention due to the wider use of onboard power management and industry energy conservation and running, the power industry and semiconductor manufacturers began to jointly develop a new product, called "CNC voltage source.Today, with the rapid development of technology of the DC power rectifier system from the previous discrete components and integrated circuits control the developmentcomputer control, so that the DC power supply intelligent, telemetry, remote, remote control three remote functions, the basic realization of the DC power supply unattended.With the development of digital electronic technology has spread to the way we live, work, research and other fields, the article will introduce a single-chip voltage regulation system --- NC DC power supply, the power supply from the power circuit, display circuit, the control circuit, digital-to-analog conversion circuit composed of four parts. Compared with the traditional regulated power supply with easy operation, high power stability as well as the size of the output voltage digital display features.CNC voltage source is the most commonly used equipment, are essential in the research and experiments. DC adjustable power supply to almost switch knob to adjust the voltage regulation accuracy is not high, and often transition trouble. CNC voltage source, precision 0.1V per step, the output voltage range of 0V to 5V.This design uses AT89S51 control unit, and D/A converter DAC0832 is connected to the data interface, and the DAC in a single buffer mode. The DAC 8 pin reference voltage, reference voltage of 5V. Therefore, in the resolution of the DAC output voltage is 5V/256 = 0.02V, that the DACinput data terminal of each additional 1, the voltage is increased to 0.02V. Magnification the LM324 input terminal of the DAC voltage output end of the amplifier, the amplifier 5. Output to the voltage of the emitter follower resolution = 0.02V ×5 = 0.1V. Therefore, when the the the AT89S51 output data increases by 1 when the final output voltage increase 0.1V when the adjustment voltage may increase or decrease the voltage amplitude of 0.1V each.Of the circuit design of the three buttons A, B and C, A voltage + B voltage -, C key is used to reset of the micro controller control unit. The principle of the main circuit is controlled by AT89S51 DAC output voltage magnitude, change the LM324 the output voltage i.e. the output voltage of the emitter follower TIP41C, the whole chip is the final output voltage of the voltage regulation system.III.S INGLE-CHIP VOLTAGE REGULATION SYSTEMHARDWARE CIRCUIT DESIGNA.The micro controller AT89C52 and its clock circuitAT89C52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit micro controller, tablets containing 8K bytes of read-only can be repeatedly erased Flash program memory and 256 bytes of random access data memory (RAM), high-density device uses ATMEL Corporation non-volatile memory technology to produce compatible with the standard MCS-51 instruction set, on-chip built-purpose 8-bit central processor and Flash memory cell AT89C52 micro controller has a wide range of applications in the electronics industry.The clock circuit for generating a the the micro controller operating clock signal, while the timing of the study is the instruction is executed between the respective signals. Micro controller itself as a complex synchronous sequential circuits, in order to ensure the realization of synchronization circuit should only clock signal under the control of strict chronological.B. D / A transform circuitDAC0832 8-resolution D/A converter chip. Is fully compatible with the microprocessor. DA chip with its low price, the interface is simple, easy conversion control, has been widely used in the SCM application system. D/A converter by the 8-bit input latch, an 8-bit DAC register, 8 D / A converter circuit and the switching control circuit structure.The DAC032 has three kinds of work:Single buffering, Double buffering and Direct way.This design uses a Single buffer.\Fig. 1. System hardware circuit\Fig. 3 Voltage adjustment circuitC. Voltage adjustment circuitThis part of the design works as follows: the previous step reverse voltage of the output circuit draw a line on an op amp LM324 zoom previous LM324 output voltage Vout1 negative voltage, so that part connected to the LM324 as a negative feed back the reverse amplification circuit on the output voltage amplification, and then adjust the voltage amplification factor of the operational amplifier through an adjustable slide rheostat RV2.Next, the output terminal of the op-amp LM324 through a resistor to the base of the transistor TIP41C TIP41C by changing the output voltage of LM324 i.e. the output voltage of the emitter follower, which is the final output voltage of the voltage regulation system of the whole chip, the Vout2 output.D. Chip reset circuit and keyboard circuitCircuit to ensure that the computer system is stable and reliable work, reset circuit is an essential part of the first function of the reset circuit is a power-on reset. General microcomputer circuit to work power supply of 5V ± 5%, that is 4.75 to 5.25V. Microcomputer circuit is sequential digital circuit, it needs a stable clock signal, so when the power is turned on only when VCC exceeds 4.75V below 5.25V and the crystal oscillator is stable work, the reset signal was only removal, computer circuit begins normal working.The keyboard interface usually consists of both hardware and software. The hardware is the structure of the keyboard and its connection to the host; software refers to the identification and analysis of the operation of the keyboard, the keyboard management program.When no key is pressed, the MCU P1.0 and P1.1 is high. When a key is pressed, the corresponding port of themicro controllerline connected through the key groundpulled into low, other port line level unchanged. Therefore, by detection I / O port line level status, you can determine which key was pressed on the keyboard.E. Digital display circuitOften referred to as the LED display is composed of seven light emitting diode, and therefore also referred to as the seven-segment LED display, In addition, the display there is a dot-type light emitting diode (in the figure expressed in dp) for displaying decimal point. By their different combinationsof the 7-segment light emitting diode and a variety of numbers, letters or other symbols can be displayed. There are two light-emitting diode LED display connection method ：Common anode connection and Common cathode connection.In this design, we have adopted a common cathode LED TrinityF. power supply circuitIn this design, because it will give a lot of different chip supply, so home-made power. In this design, I designed a plus or minus 12 volts and ± 5V power output. Mainly made of 7800 series (output positive voltage) and 7900 series (negative output voltage) power supply circuit. Linear power supply from 12V transformer full-wave rectifier, capacitor rectifier filter, three-terminal regulator The 7812,7912 regulator chip AT89S52, DAC0832, LM324, digital tube voltage.Fig. 2 D / A transform circuit\Fig. 4 Voltage adjustment circuitIV. S INGLE -CHIP VOLTAGE REGULATION SYSTEMSOFTWARE DESIGN The working process of the main program is: After system initialization, the default output voltage of 0V, digital tube display 0.0V; Scan A, B key, when the A or B key is pressed, the program jumps to the key processing subroutine; after key processing subroutine processing, set the corresponding flag bit and deal with the value of the corresponding register; then sent back to the main program, depending on the flag corresponding digital DAC0832, and the corresponding data into the display buffer, and finally display the output voltage of the power supply; program continues to scan the A, B key, recycling the previous steps. The software is designed mainly to complete the three functions: · A button control voltage increases and B buttoncontrol voltage to reduce· The voltage set to the DA, DA operations. ·Set the voltage to the LED digital tube.Fig. 5 Single-chip voltage regulation system software main programR EFERENCES[1] Behzad Razavi.Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits[M]. .2001[2] JLee Jri.High-Speed Circuit Designs for Transmittersin Broad-bandData Links. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits[J]. 2006[3] Adrian Maxim,Ramin K.Poorfard,Richard A.Johnson,et al.A FullyIntegrated 0.13-μm CMOS Digital Low -IF DBS Satellite Tuner Using a Ring Oscillator-Based Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits. 2007[4] George Lee,Karina Ng,Edmond Kwang.Design of ring oscillatorbased voltage controlled oscillator. Project Final Report[R]. 2005 [5] V. Yu. Teplov,A. V. Anisimov. 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