History and anthology of English literature:
(altogether 7 topics, this semester 6 topics; 5th---1900, over 1400 years)
?The Old English and Middle English period (Chapter 1, 2)
?The Elizabethan age (Chapters 3, 4)
?The 17th century (Chapter 5)
?The classic 18th century (Chapters 6,7,8)
?The Romantic period (Chapters 9, 10)
?The Victorian age (Chapters 11-18)
?The 20th century (Chapters 19-26)
?The Old English and Middle English period (5th ---1066, 1066---1557)
1 the Old English period
Beowulf：
*pagan heroism异教徒的英雄主义and fatalism宿命论are mingled with Christian qualities. *The poets hope that the evil should be punished, and the righteous will be rewarded. *It’s a heroic Scandinavian epic legend told in the English language.
literary terms: epic, alliteration
2 the Middle English period
literary term: romance
Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroic couplet英雄双行体
?The Elizabethan age (1558---1625)
--- a golden age of poetry and drama
---the age of English Renaissance
1 Poetry:
*Philip Sidney/
《爱星者和星星》，表达了他初恋时的激情以及如何经过斗争，克制自己，献身于公职。
it was after Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella that the sonnet sequence十四行诗系列became popular in England. It inspired other Elizabethan poets, including Shakespeare, to write similar sequences.
*Edmund Spense r: The Faerie Queen Using Spenserian Stanza = abab bcbc c /allegory 讽喻*Shakespeare:154 sonnets, Sonnet 18
Literary term: sonnet: a lyric poem containing fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter lyric:
iambic pentameter
2 Drama:
“University Wits”大学精英
*Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛:把blank verse无韵诗作为英语戏剧主要表达方式的开创者
the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧
*William Shakespeare:four greatest tragedies
Hamlet: “To be, or not to be”
Macbeth
Four Tragedies:
Literary terms: monologue＞soliloquy √√Monologue（独白）A single person speaking, with or without an audience, is uttering a monologue. The dramatic monologue is the name given to a specific kind of poem in which a single person, not the poet, is speaking.
Dramatic Monologue（戏剧独白）A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost thoughts and feelings of the speaker. Two famous examples are Browning’s“My Last Duchess”.
*Ben Jonson本·琼生
①
②
Literary term: “three unities”classical unities三一律
三一律规定剧本创作必须遵守时间、地点和行动（情节）的一致，即一部剧本只允许写单一的故事情节，戏剧行动必须发生在一天之内和一个地点。法国古典主义戏剧理论家布瓦洛把它解释为“要用一地、一天内完成的一个故事从开头直到末尾维持着舞台充实。”
3 Prose:
Thomas More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535:Utopia[ju:'t?upi?] 乌托邦
Francis Bacon : The first English essayist
58 essays,Of Studies培根随笔集-论学习
The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
The 17th century
---the age of Revolution and Restoration
---literary mood: gloomy, pessimistic
---changes of literary taste
---“four Johns”: John Donne, John Milton, John Dryden, John Bunyan
1 Poetry:
John Donne---the representative of the Metaphysical School ：（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
John Milton: Paradise Lost epic
2 Drama:
*comedy of manners风俗喜剧
/ the more realistic and often satirical comedy of the Restoration period.
/ Satire is its main attraction.
/ presented rather than real life indivuals.
*John Dryden:“prune and trim” the Elizabethan language
“the father of English criticism” (by Samuel Johnson)
3 Prose:
John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程allegory讽喻
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作
The classic 18th century
---the age of Enlightenment
Three main divisions:
1Neoclassicism 新古典主义
heroic couplet (poetry)
three unities (drama)
Literary term:
two representatives of Neoclassicism:
*Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏（英国诗人）: Essay on Man双韵体长诗《论人》
1）（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
2）As a representative of the Enlightenment，Pope was one of the first to introduce Rationalism理性主义 to England....
*Samuel Johnson:
2 Pre-romanticism 前浪漫主义/ 新古典主义后期
*Thomas Gray 格雷 英国18世纪重要抒情诗人
: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 《墓畔挽歌》
*William Blake 威廉·布雷克（英国诗人和画家）:
Songs of Innocence A happy and innocent world from children ?s eye.
“The Chimney Sweeper” sees his situation through the eyes of innocence and does not understand the social injustice.
Songs of Experience A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a
melancholy tone from men eyes./ the boy in the poem sees the injustice and speaks against the establishments that left him where he is.
总： neither innocence nor experience is a correct view and that one completes the other. *Robert Burns 罗伯特·彭斯: A Red, Red Rose
(Scottish national poet, mixture of English and Scottish dialect )
苏格兰农民诗人，诗人生活在破产的农村，和贫苦的农民血肉相连。他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美，抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。
3 the rise of English novel
*Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福:
he is the founder of realistic novel. 十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人
*Jonathan Swift Henry Fielding 亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）
He is called “Father of English novel ”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose ”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
The Romantic period (1798~1837) Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual ?s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
---a great period for poetry
Neoclassicism vs. Romanticism
1 the Lake Poets (the Lakers) 湖畔诗人（英国18世纪末到19世纪初浪漫主义诗歌流派） William Wordsworth Samuel Coleridge ['k ?ulrid ?] 柯勒律治
他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然，描写宗法制农村生活，厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，他们远离城市，隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区，由此得名“湖畔派”。 William Wordsworth : I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
“All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”
The World Is Too Much With Us page41
他认为“所有的好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露”（poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ） Wordsworth illustrates through his sonnet that while man is consistently 始终surrounded by material goods and possessions, it is nature in its purity and inability to be owned that the soul is truly inspired
2 the Satanic School
George Byron : Don Juan
She Walks in Beauty
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical 专横
“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。
The Victorian age (1837~1901)
---a golden age of novel
1 Poetry:
Robert Browning 勃郎宁: My Last Duchess
“dramatic monologue”戏剧独白
2 Drama:
Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德:
the “Aesthetic Movement ” Art for Art’s Sake
唯美主义文艺思潮
Bernard Shaw (英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
: Pygmalion [pi ɡ'meilj ?
3 Novel:
critical realism
Jane Austen : Pride and Prejudice
Sense and Sensibility
Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特: Jane Eyre Emily Bronte 艾米莉?勃朗特:
Wuthering Heights
呼啸山庄
George Eliot 乔治?艾略特
Charles Dickens : David Copperfield ; Great Expectations
William Thackeray 萨克雷: V anity Fair 名利场
Thomas Hardy 小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。
Wessex novels ; novels of character and environment
: Tess of the D’Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的代表作，是“威塞克斯系列”中的一部。它描写了一位农村姑娘的悲惨命运。哈
Works to study in detail:
1William Shakespeare —Hamlet's soliloquy ; Macbeth ; Sonnet 18;
2 Francis Bacon—Of Studies;
3 Robert Burns—A Red, Red Rose;
4 William Blake—The Chimney Sweeper;
5 William Wordsworth—I Walked Lonely as a Cloud;
《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》又叫《云中漫步》
The World is Too Much with Us;page41
6 George Byron—She Walks in Beauty;
7Jane Austen—Pride and Prejudice;
8Jonathan Swift—Gulliver’s Travels,
9Dickens—Great Expectations远大前程（狄更斯的经典名著）
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth
1
I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, （Simile）
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, （Simile）
When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花, （Personification/Metaphor）
A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, （alliteration）
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。（Personification/Metaphor
2
Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,
And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; （一二两行Simile/hyperbole）
They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,
Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; （三四两行Simile/hyperbole）
Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。（personification）
表明了美丽的水仙花开遍大地,显示出它们旺盛的生命力vitality,同时也暗示了诗人对人生价值的渴求以及对美好生活的向往。
3
The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, （personification）
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; （personification）
A poet could not but be gay；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,
In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;
I gazed—and gazed
—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟
What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
4
For oft when on my couch I lie后来多少次我郁郁独卧,
In vacant or in pensive mood, 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠;
这时诗人写出了一种对社会的感受:在城市文明所带来的丑恶的现实社会中,那高傲、纯洁的灵魂只能是郁郁寡欢,只有在大自然中才能寻找理想,寻找安慰,寻找人性最后归宿的情怀;
They flash upon that inward eye这景象便在脑海中闪现,
Which is the bliss of solitude, 多少次安慰过我的寂寞;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, 我的心又随水仙跳起舞来,
And dances with the daffodils....我的心又重新充满了欢乐。（personification）
表明了诗人无论什么时候想起它们,心中都会充满快乐。水仙花成了诗人的精神慰藉spiritual consolation,这就更加突出了诗的主题。
体现了诗歌描写应是“平静中回忆起来的情感”，
emotion recollected in tranquility[tr?n'kw?l?ti]
在诗人的心中,水仙已经不是一种植物了,而是一种象征,代表了一种灵魂和一种精神。
Theme：
1.Nature's beauty uplifts the human spirit.
2.People sometimes fail to appreciate nature's wonders as they go about their daily routines.
3.Nature thrives unattended.
Genre流派/类别：Lyric poem
Structure: four stanzas, each including 6 lines
Rhyme Skill/scheme :ababcc, efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnn
Meter: iambic tetrameter抑扬格四音步
1 基本上是用抑扬格四音步来写的。每节中第一行和第三行押韵,第二行和第四行押韵,最后两行押韵,这样就产生了一种强烈的节奏感，极具音韵美。
/诗人把优美的形式和深刻的思想结合在了一起,这方面无疑是最重要的。
What does the poem impress you most? (特色)
Use of image
Vivid description of nature
Daily language
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
华南农业大学xx文学史期末考试题 (下)注:本文档主要用作题型参考,非100%原题。 考试范围:启蒙运动时期,浪漫主义时期。 一选择题。(共50题,每题1分) 类型1:作品来源。(约10-15道题) 1.” Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless breast. The littletyrant of hisfields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here mayrest. SomeCromwell,guiltless of his country's blood.” is from ( )A.I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud B. The Cloud C. Bright Star D. Elegy 2. “But now your brow is beld, John. Your locks are lik e the snaw;But bless ingson your frosty pow…” is from ( ) A. John Anderson, My Jo B.A Red, Red Rose C. Tintern Abbey D. When We two parted 3.” I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl beforetwelve years old isno saleable commodity, and even when they come tothis age, they will not yieldabove three pounds, or three pounds andhalf a crown at most, on the exchange.” isfrom ( ) A. Gulliver’s Travel B. Robinson Crusoe
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
Chapter1 Early and Medieval Literature Three stages of English literary development: The Roman Conquest（55BC——410AD） The Anglo-Saxon Period（410——1066AD） Three tribes：Jutes，the Angles，and the Saxons The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁撒克逊编年史 The greatest literary achievement during this period is Beowulf。Beowulf贝奥武甫——epic，alliteration ★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. ★The whole epic is divided into two parts and tells of two major events in the life of Beowulf.①He kills a monster;②He fights a dragon. The Norman Conquest(1066-------1350AD) 下层：ballad民谣（ballads which are the most important parts of English folk literature） 上层：chivalry骑士文学：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （alliteration verse） ★Most of the English romances deal with three major themes: Ⅰ.The Matter of Britain——which is about the adventures of King