考研英语：翻译真题精练精讲
————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：
?
２016考研英语：１99９翻译真题精练
精讲
一、全真试题
(71）Whilｅ there ａrｅａlmoｓt as maｎy dｅｆｉniｔions of hisｔory as there are hｉsｔorians,ｍodeｒn ｐractｉce ｍost ｃloｓeｌｙｃonfｏrms ｔo one that sees hiｓｔory aｓｔｈe attemｐｔ to ｒｅcreate and exｐｌaiｎ thｅsignｉficant events ｏｆ the pasｔ． Cauｇht ｉn thｅ web of its own time a ｎｄ plaｃe，eacｈgenｅｒaｔioｎof histoｒｉanｓ deｔermｉnes ａnew what is sigｎificant foｒｉt in the pａst. In this ｓearch the ｅvidencｅ fｏｕnd is alwayｓ incoｍplete anｄ scａtｔｅred; it is also frｅｑuentlｙ paｒtial or partisan. The ｉrony oｆ thｅ historians ｃraｆt is tｈat its pｒａctitioneｒs alｗays know thａt theｉr efforts are ｂut contrｉｂuｔions tｏａn unｅｎding process.
（72）Ｉnteｒeｓt in ｈｉsｔorｉｃal methods has ａrisｅn leｓs tｈroｕgh ex ｔeｒnal chalｌenge to the validity of hiｓtory as an inｔeｌlectｕal disｃipl ｉne anｄ more fｒｏm inｔernal quarrels ａｍoｎg histｏriａns tｈｅmｓｅlves. While hｉstｏｒy once revered its affinity ｔo lｉｔeraｔuｒe and phｉlosophy，the eｍeｒｇiｎgｓoｃiａl ｓciences seemｅd to ａｆforｄｇreater opportunities for asking ｎew questiｏns and proｖiｄｉｎg rｅｗarding aｐpr ｏaches ｔｏａn understaｎding of tｈe paｓｔ. Ｓｏcial ｓcieｎｃｅｍeｔhodologieｓhａd to ｂe adapted tｏ a discipline gｏvernｅd ｂy tｈｅprimacy of hｉstoｒical ｓourｃes rather ｔhan the imperaｔiｖes ｏｆ the conｔｅｍpｏraｒｙ wｏrld.
（７3）Durｉng thiｓｔransfer,ｔｒaｄｉｔiｏｎal hｉstoｒical metｈods ｗere aｕｇmenteｄ by additionａl ｍethodｏｌoｇies ｄeｓigｎed to inｔerprｅt tｈe ｎｅｗｆorms of eｖidenｃe in the ｈｉｓtｏｒicaｌ sｔｕｄy.
Methｏｄolｏgy iｓ a ｔerm ｔｈat rｅmains inhｅreｎtｌy amｂigｕouｓｉｎ t ｈｅｈistorical ｐrｏfｅｓsiｏｎ.
（7４)There ｉｓ no agreｅmｅnｔ whether mｅthｏdoｌoｇy ｒefｅrs to ｔhe ｃoｎceｐts peculiａr to ｈiｓｔorical wｏrｋ in gｅneral oｒｔｏ the research teｃhniqueｓapｐrｏpriate to tｈe varioｕs brancｈes ｏf hｉstoｒi ｃal ｉnqｕiry. Hiｓtoriａnｓ，eｓpecially tｈose so blｉｎdeｄ bｙ thｅｉr ｒesearcｈ interｅsts tｈａt ｔｈeｙ have beｅn accuｓed of “tｕｎｎel method，”frequeｎｔly fall victim to tｈe “ｔｅchnicist fａllacｙ.”Alｓo cｏｍｍoｎ in ｔhe naｔural scieｎcｅs,the teｃｈnｉcist fallacy miｓtａｋenly
identifies the discipline as a whｏｌe ｗith ｃerｔain partｓoｆ its tｅｃhnｉcal implｅmeｎtatiｏn．
（7５）Iｔ apｐlｉes ｅqｕaｌlｙto ｔraditionａl hisｔorians ｗho viｅw hｉstoｒy aｓonly the ｅxｔernaｌ and inteｒnal critｉｃiｓm of ｓoｕrces. And tｏsocial science historians ｗho eｑuate tｈeir aｃtiｖiｔｙ witｈspecifiｃｔeｃhｎiqueｓ.
二、翻译题解
（71)Whilethｅrｅarｅａlmost as mａnｙdeｆiｎiｔioｎｓ of hiｓtｏryａsｔh ｅreａrｅｈistorians, modern pracｔicｅmost cloｓelyconformsto oneｔhatsｅeｓｈisｔory aｓｔhe aｔｔｅmpt ｔo reｃreａｔe anｄｅxplain tｈe ｓｉgnｉｆic ａnt eｖｅnts ｏf the pasｔ.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考:从属连词,标点符号,
Ｗｈiｌｅ there ａｒe almost as many dｅfｉｎｉtioｎs oｆｈｉstｏry //as th ｅre are histoｒians, // mｏdern praｃｔｉｃｅ moｓt cloｓely coｎforms tｏone // that sｅｅs history //ａs ｔhe atｔeｍpｔｔo ｒｅcreate aｎd expｌａin ｔhe ｓignificanｔｅvents oｆthｅｐast.
解析：
（１）主句中ｏne是宾语,后面的tｈat从句是它的定语从句。
（2）sｅe．．. aｓ...把……看作是，介词短语as thｅatteｍpｔ做ｓee的状语,不定式短语to ｒecreate anｄ expｌａｉn...作名词ｔhe ａttempt的定语。
词的处理：
wｈilｅ虽然,尽管
ｄｅfiniｔｉｏｎｓ定义，界定
modｅｒn ｐｒactice现代(补词：史学家的)实践
cｏｎforms to符合于,趋向于认为
ａtｔempt试图,尝试
技巧点拨：
（1）主干结构是Wｈilｅｔherｅ arｅ alｍoｓｔaｓ．.． as there aｒe.．. +主句，Whilｅ引导让步状语从句,从句中as...ａｓ结构是比较级,这句话直译“为有多少历史学家，就有多少关于历史的定义”但是这个汉语译文不符合汉语的习惯。因为在英语句子中,比较的两者是“历史学定义的数量”和“历史学家”的数量,两个数量是一致的是可以比较的。但若翻译为“有多少个历史学家,就有多少个关于历史的定义”,就感觉是“历史学的定义”和“历史学家”在做比较。所以可以进一步调整为“几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定”。
（2）moｄｅｒn practice mosｔ cｌoｓｅlｙ coｎforms to ｏｎｅ：modeｒｎｐractice可以直接翻译为“现代实践”。但是,汉语里“实践”这个词常常不用“现代”等形容词修饰，可通过适当的增词,把这个“实践”进一步指明。联系上下文可知，这里的“实践”是指“历史学家的实践”。另外,one是不定代词,
（３）to recｒeatｅ再现,重现（不能说“重新创造历史”），ｅｖeｎｔs“事件”，结合上下文引申为“史实”。
完整译文:
几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
(72)Inｔｅresｔ in hｉstorical meｔｈodｓhａｓ aｒisenｌess througｈ exｔernａl chalｌengｅ to thｅ valｉdｉty of histｏｒy as an intelｌectｕal ｄｉscip ｌinｅ and moｒｅfrｏm inteｒnａl quarreｌｓ aｍonｇｈistｏrians ｔhemselｖes．
句子拆分:
拆分点参考：连词,介词
Ｉnｔｅrest ｉｎ historiｃａl metｈods has ariｓeｎ／/ lｅｓs thrｏug ｈexｔｅrnal challenge to ｔhe vａｌidｉtｙ oｆｈistoｒy as aｎｉnｔellectｕaｌ dｉｓciplｉｎe // and moｒe ｆrom ｉnternaｌ quarrelｓamonｇ hist ｏrｉaｎs ｔhemｓｅｌvｅs．
解析：
(１）主干结构是一个简单句：Inｔereｓｔ... has arｉseｎ less thｒoug ｈ ...and moｒe from.．.
(2)并列状语lｅsｓ thｒoｕgｈ.．.anｄmoｒe from的翻译是关键，thrｏugh 和fｒｏm意思完全相同,表示原因,直译“比较少的是因为……，更多的原因是……”（3）challengｅ后面的不定式短语to the valiｄity of history aｓ aｎ inteｌlｅc ｔuaｌ disｃipｌinｅ是它的定语,直译“对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议”，internal quarrels后面的介词短语ａmonｇ hｉstoｒians ｔhemseｌveｓ作quarrels 的定语。
词的处理:
inｔerest ｉｎ hｉｓtoricaｌｍetｈｏds对历史方法的关注(兴趣)
arisen来自于，产生于
chａllengｅ质疑，挑战
ｖaliｄiｔy真实性,正确性
ａs aｎintellectuａl dｉsciｐline作为一门学问(一个学科领域)
interｎal ｑuaｒｒels内部意见不统一,内部分歧
技巧点拨:
ｌeｓs …ａnd more…:在此直译的话是“少数是因为……多数是因为……”根据汉语的习惯，可以翻译为“主要是因为......,其次是因为．..．..”,“与其说是因为……,不如说是因为……”。
完整译文:
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
(73）Dｕring thｉｓtraｎsfeｒ, ｔｒaｄitionａｌ historical methodｓｗe ｒe augmｅntedby additｉonal methoｄoｌｏgiｅs desiｇned to interpret the new for ｍｓ oｆ evidencｅ in ｔｈｅhiｓtoｒiｃal study．
句子拆分:
拆分点参考:标点符号,介词短语，过去分词
During ｔhiｓ transfer, /／ｔｒadiｔｉonal historｉcal ｍｅtｈodｓ wｅre aug ｍented //ｂｙａddｉtiｏnａl ｍethodoｌogies／/ ｄesigneｄ to ｉntｅｒprｅt the ｎｅw ｆｏｒms ｏf evidｅnce ｉn the ｈistoricaｌ sｔudｙ.
解析:
(1）主干结构是一个被动语态的简单句：.．.ｍeｔhoｄｓ wｅre augmented bｙ.．. （2)介词短语ｂｙ adｄiｔｉonal meｔhodoloｇｉｅs做状语修饰ａugmenｔed
（3)过去分词短语deｓigned to..．作ｍethｏdolｏgiｅs的定语。
词的处理:
trａnｓfer转变
augｍｅnｔｅd充实，补充
additｉonal methｏdolｏgiｅs新方法
ｄeｓｉgned to用来
intｅrｐret阐释，解释,说明
技巧点拨:
(１）这个句子是一个被动结构。可以直接翻译为“传统的历史方法被新的方法论增加(充实）了”。根据被动结构的翻译方法，可采取主宾颠倒的方式，用英语中被东结构的主语来做汉语译文的宾语。这样可翻译为；新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
（2)the new forms ｏf eviｄｅnce新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料
（3）in the ｈiｓｔoricａl ｓtuｄy在(补译:历史学家)研究历史时
完整译文:
在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
（７4）Tｈeｒeisno agreｅmenｔwhethermetｈodoｌogyreｆersto tｈe concepts p ｅｃulｉaｒ tｏ histｏrical work in geｎeｒａl oｒ to the ｒeseａrch ｔecｈｎiq ｕes appｒｏpriaｔe tｏｔhｅ vaｒioｕs branｃhｅs oｆｈistoriｃal ｉｎquirｙ.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考:从属连词
Ｔheｒe ｉs no aｇreｅmｅnｔ // wｈether metｈoｄｏlogy rｅｆｅrs to the con ｃepts peｃuliar ｔｏ historical woｒk in generaｌ /／ or tｏ thｅ rｅsearc ｈ teｃhｎiques ａpｐrｏpriate tｏ the ｖarｉous braｎchｅs of hisｔorical inquiry.
解析:
（1)主干结构是存在句Theｒe ｉｓｎo ａgｒｅｅｍent。因为主语部分太长,整个结构应该采用顺序倒译方法。
(2)whethｅr methｏdｏlｏｇy refeｒs to ..．or to ..．是整个句子的状语。
（3)the conｃeｐｔs后面的形容词短语peｃuliar to ｈｉstｏricａｌ work ｉn gen ｅｒａl是它的定语;thｅ reｓeａrｃh teｃｈniｑueｓ后面的形容词短语ａpprｏpriat ｅｔｏ the vａrｉous brａｎｃhes ｏf historicａl inｑｕiｒy也是作定语。
词的处理:
agreemeｎｔ统一的意见,一致看法
ｗhetｈer...ｒeferｓｔｏ... or to...是指……还是指……
the rｅｓearｃh ｔｅｃhnｉqｕeｓ研究手段
aｐpropriatｅ to适用于,合适于
the ｖａｒioｕs branｃhes各个领域
historicaｌ iｎｑuiｒy历史探究
技巧点拨:
（1) thｅconceｐts／ｐｅcuｌｉar ｔo/hiｓｔoricａl work/in ｇｅｎerａl（按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般的历史研究中的特有概念
(2)如果把整个whetｈｅr…or…引导的整个状语从句部分组合在一起，可译为：方法论
是指一般历史研究中特有的概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段。现在,如果把主句的部分结合起来考虑的话,根据我们所说的英语多前重心，汉语多后重心，我们可以把主句放在后面,组合为“究竟是……还是……”,人们没有达成一致意见”,这样一调整之后会比“人们没有达成一致意见,究竟是……还是……”通顺的多。
完整译文：
所谓方法论究竟是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
(75）Iｔappliesequａlly to ｔrａdｉｔioｎaｌhｉstorｉaｎｓｗhｏvｉeｗhｉｓtoｒy ａｓ onｌｙ thｅ exｔernal and interｎaｌ cｒitiｃｉsm ｏf sources, a ｎd to ｓocｉal scienｃe hｉｓtoｒianｓwｈｏｅqｕaｔe theiｒａctivity wit ｈｓpｅciｆic ｔeｃhniqｕes.
句子拆分:
拆分点参考:从属连词,并列连词
It ａpplieｓ equally to tｒａditｉonal ｈisｔｏriaｎs // who ｖiew histoｒy as ｏnly the eｘternal aｎｄ internal cｒitｉcism of sｏurceｓ, /／ and ｔo s ｏciａｌ sｃiｅnｃe historiａns who ｅqｕａｔｅｔheｉr activitｙ with specif ｉｃ teｃhｎｉques．
解析：
（1）主干结构是:Iｔ appliｅｓ eｑualｌｙ to．.., aｎｄto ...直译“这既适应于……又适应于……”引申为“这既存在于……又存在于……”
（2）tｒａditionａｌ hiｓtoriａnｓ who vieｗ historｙａs...和social scｉe ｎce hｉｓtorｉans ｗhｏｅquate... wiｔh..．是并列结构，指两种历史学家，各有定语从句修饰。
词的处理:
tradiｔｉｏnal hisｔｏｒiａns传统历史学家,历史传统派
viｅw ｈiｓｔory aｓ把历史看作是
sｏｕrces源泉,引申为史料来源
socｉal science ｈｉsｔorians社会科学历史学家,历史社科派
their acｔiviｔy活动，引申为历史学研究活动,历史研究
equaｔe..．with把……等同于，认为……是
speciｆｉc technｉqｕes具体方法
技巧点拨:
(1)It主语指示代词,联系上下文意思是这种谬论。
(2）apply to不能翻译成“应用于,适用于”。因为根据词义选择的翻译技巧,appｌy to 上文的代词it指代“错误,一种谬论”,下文宾语是ｔｒadｉｔｏnaｌhｉstoｒaｉｎs（传统历史学家，历史学的传统派)，结合汉语习惯就知道“错误”不是“应用”在“历史学家”上,而是“存在于历史学加上”。所以这个部分可以翻译为“这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派”。
(３）wｈo vｉew historｙ aｓ...:在这个定语从句中，wｈo修饰先行词ｔraditioｎaｌｈiｓtoriａnｓ。首先ｅxｔernal anｄ inteｒnal直译是“内部和外部”,其实应该进一步补充为“史学界内部和外部”。另外ｃriticism oｆ sｏｕrces不能翻译为“对来源的批评”，主要是sources（来源）的意思没有理解清楚，其次，crｉticism翻译成“批评”也不太准确,应是“评论”的意思。根据上下文可以发现，这里的soｕｒcｅｓ就是上文提到的hｉstoriｃａｌsources（历史资料的来源)。这样,criticｉsm of ｓｏuｒces
就可以进一步理解为“对各种史料来源的评论”。最后,这个定语从句比较复杂,可以采用重复先行词的方法来翻译：传统的历史学家认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对于各种史料来源的评论。
（４）who equatｅ their actiｖiｔy wｉtｈ spｅcifｉｃｔeｃｈniquｅs.在此w ｈo引导的定语从句修饰先行词ｓｏｃial science hiｓtoｒians.其中ａctivity是“活动”的意思,而不是“具体技术”。这个定语从句结构比较复杂，可以放在先行词soｃial ｓｃｉence ｈisｔoｒians(社会科学历史学家，历史学社科派)后面，采用重复先行词的方法来翻译:社会科学历史学家认为,历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
（5）当然如果把主干部分和两个从句部分组合在一起的话,可以把两个从句的部分整合在主干后面,直接翻译。
完整译文:
这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派：前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
三、参考译文
(71）几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。由于受时间和地点的限制，每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对其有重要价值。在这种探索中所发现的证据总是不完整的、零碎的，而且常常是有偏见的或带有派别意识的。实际从事历史研究的人总是知道,他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的探索过程添砖加瓦，这就使其工作颇具讽刺意味。
（７２)人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。尽管历史学曾经崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似性，但新兴的社会科学似乎为人们提出新问题和提供了解过去的有效途径开辟了更为广阔的天地。社会科学研究的方法必须改变以适应这样一条指导，即以史料为基础，而不是为当代社会之需。（７3）在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
在历史学界，方法论这个词从来都是模棱两可的。(74）所谓方法论究竟是指一般的历史研究研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。史学家,尤其是那些局限于他们的研究兴趣，以致被指责为“单方同研究法”的史学家，常常成了“单纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。这种谬论在自然科学领域里也是屡见不鲜的,它错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来。(７５）这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派：前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧,技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路,预祝所有考生２016考研有个好成绩。
凯程教育:
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来，前程万里;
信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构;
激情:永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业;
服务:以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士1０人，人大金融硕士15个,中财和贸大金融硕士合计２0人，北师大教育学７人，会计硕士保录班考取3０人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久,积累的人脉资源更多。例如,凯程教育已经成立10年(200５年),一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先,同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小,就是一个在写字楼里上课,自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区,有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全,这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c71641554.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.doczj.com/doc/c71641554.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度
Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .-- Shakespeare 历年考研英语翻译精解 98年翻译题解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释 完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。 第三、词的处理：working with 使用，以……为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果 完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，
1996年英译汉试题 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
考研英语翻译历年真题汇总 2010年考研一天天临近，在此为广大考生提供了2010年考研英语翻译历年真题，希望能有所帮助。 In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分） Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points) 1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。 1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils. 2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。 2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s. 3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。 3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made). 4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。 4. The result is much (far) better than we expected. 5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。 5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy). 6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。 6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology. 7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。 7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party. Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专 业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段） Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲 一、全真试题 In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. （71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived. According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. （73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.” Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. 二、翻译题解
46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会