英汉俗语互译技巧：兔子不吃窝边草……
英汉俗语互译技巧：兔子不吃窝边草……
说起不同的文化，人们往往想到的是差异，中西文化差异，东西方文化差异．因之比较文化多见的是差异的辨识与解析．殊不知，比较的前提，是有可比性．可比性的另一个解释，就是有共同之处．譬如，比较男女，是因为男女都属人类；比较英文中文，是因为皆属于语言．如果有人说比较男人与英语，或者比较女人与中文，大家一定会笑这简直是牛头不对马嘴．换句话说，之所以可比较，是因为有类同．因此，差异与类同是不可分割的．讲文化差异，必须以文化的类同为基础．比较不同文化，也应该如同交友，求同存（辨）异是正道．
语言之于文化，也象语言之于思维一样，是一种表达形式．因此，语言也是各种文化内容的载体．借助语言，可以触探文化的内涵；从表达形式的比较中，可以窥视文化的异同．比如，比较文学，比较语言学等．语言中一个丰富多彩，又广为流传的形式，便是＇名言警句＇．这些被广泛引用的精炼语句，往往积淀概括了人类文化经验的精髓，高度概括，又琅琅上口．又因为它往往触及人类生存的根本课题，且具有较深的历史渊源，所以不同文化中，往往可以见到相似的表达．学过外语的朋友多多少少都会接触过类同于本族语的名言警句．下面试举一些多年学习英文所积累的中英文名言警句，与大家一起欣赏不同文化的共同经验积累．
最相似的一类，其表达方式与内容几乎完全相同，看起来就好像是直接的翻译．比如：
To strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁．
Good luck would never come in pairs.
福不双至．
Fire proves gold,adversity proves men.
烈火显真金，逆境识英雄．
Long hair and short wit.
头发长，见识短．
Blood is thicker than water.
血浓于水．
If you would not be known to do anything,never do it.
若要人不知，除非己莫为．
In unity here is strength.
团结就是力量．
He whose belly is full believes not him who is fasting.
饱汉不知饿汉饥．
Easier said than done.
说时容易做时难．
Idleness is the root of all evil.
懒惰是万恶之源．
Wall has ears.
隔墙有耳．
这类对应谚语，从形式上几乎看不出任何文化差异．在谚语的起源上，有些甚至可能是相互的借鉴或翻译．东西方文化交流的比较研究，或许会提供一些证据．但不同文化中能有如此相通的谚语流传，也说明人类社会的文化积累过程有很多基本的共同进程．
还有一类谚语，所表达的含义完全相同，但所隐喻于的事物略有文化上的差异．比如：Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.
宁做
鸡头，不做凤尾．
The foremost dog catches the hare.
早起的鸟儿有虫吃．
Every potter praises his own pot.
老王卖瓜，自卖自夸．
The fox preys farthest from home.
兔子不吃窝边草．
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
要知道梨子的滋味，最好是亲口尝一尝．
One swallow does not make a summer.
一花独放不是春．
One drop of poison infects the whole tun of wine.
一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥．
Set a fox to keep one's geese.
引狼入室．
What do you expect from a pig but a grunt?
狗嘴里吐不出象牙
He that comes of a hen must scrape.
老鼠的儿子会打洞．
When the cat's away,the mice will play.
山中无老虎，猴子称大王．
鸡头凤尾对狗头狮尾；鸟儿吃虫对应狗逮兔子；卖瓜变成卖瓦罐等．这种借喻事物上的差别，并不影响所表达的思想，内容的一致．中文的某些谚语来自文化传统中的典故，英文也许有此原因．比如凤凰在中国文化中具有很突出的象征意义，而不同与凤凰在西方文化中的含义．
第三类谚语也是表达的内容相同，但语言表达方式有异：
Sink or swim.
不进则退．
He that had no cross deserves no crown.
不吃苦中苦，难得人上人．
Jack of all trades,master of none.
博而不专．
Opportunity seldom knocks twice.
机不可失
A miss is as good as a mile.
失之毫厘，谬以千里．
Better to be sure than sorry.
宁可信其有，不可信其无．
Enough is as good as a feast
知足者常乐
Who spits against heaven,it falls in his face.
自作自受
An unfortunate man would be drowned in a tea-cup.人倒霉喝凉水都塞牙
Rome was not built in a day.
冰冻三尺非一日之寒
It takes two to make a quarrel.
一个巴掌拍不响
Failures are the pillars of success.
失败是成功之母
Truth needs not many words.
有理不在声高
To pay him back in his own coin.
即以其人之道，还治其人之身
这类谚语本质上和第二类相同，但不是借用具体事物，而是用特定的语言来表达某种经验，思想．
第三章英汉词语比较与翻译对等 第一节翻译对等 Equivalence is the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT) that allows the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first Place. 对等是翻译理论中的中心概念。 卡特福德认为翻译的中心任务就是确定翻译对等的性质和条件。 奈达提出了“动态对等”与“形式对等”这两个概念。形式对等：原语文本的形式在目的语中被机械地再现，目的是允许原语文本以自己的表达方式说话，而非经过调整来适应目的语文化，实践中，既不分句也不合句并保留标点和分段等形式标示。由于两种语言之间的差异，这类翻译扭曲了目的语的语法和文体风格，从而导致信息歪曲。运用形式对等主要是追求翻译的精确性并尽可能保留原语的形式。形式对等有其局限性，但有时却是最为合适的翻译策略。动态对等就是将原语译成目的语后，目的语读者的反应与原语读者读原语时的反应一致。它通过分析、转移和重建三个过程来实现，进行动态对等翻译包括：运用适合目的语文化的表达法去替代原语中的相应表达法；使原语文本中语言上隐含的信息明显化；为了增进理解增加一定量的冗余表达。例如，奈达将《圣经》中的“Lamb of God”译为“Seal of God”。有时功能对等也被用来代替奈达提出的动态对等。 第二节英汉词语比较与翻译对等 词的意义是它在特定的语言系统中的具体价值或通过在特定语言系统中的运用而具有的个性。 词的意义可分为四种：命题意义(propositional meaning)、表情意义(expressive meaning) 、搭配意义(collocational meaning)和唤起意义(evoked meaning)。 命题意义描述一个词与现实世界或想象世界中所指称或描述的事物之间的关系，是判断话语是真还是假的基础。语言以符号的方式描绘经验世界。 人总是能够说出他们经验当中的任何事物，因为语言符号覆盖了这个经验世界。但是，语言对经验世界的分割表现出若干层次性。词对于世界的分割应表现为不同的层次。 English: skill craft craft guild 汉语：技巧技巧行会行会
英语谚语的汉译方法探讨 【摘要】英语谚语在英文原著中占有一定的比例。如何理解和翻译英语谚语，对准确把握原著精粹往往起到举足轻重的作用。本文以大量的例证分别讨论了几种基本的谚语翻译方法。 【关键词】英语谚语英语翻译英语直译 谚语折射出人类的生活和生活环境。英语谚语措辞简练、内容精辟、寓意深邃，具有生动形象、喻义明显、富于色彩和哲理的语言特征，在一定程度上，反映了英语民族的文化特点，是英语文化中的瑰宝。学习英语这门语言不可能不学习英语谚语，尤其是谚语的翻译对我们正确理解谚语本身的含义及其折射出的民族文化有 举足轻重的作用。在英语谚语汉译过程中, 切忌望文生义，要注意其口语化、民族性和原有的语言艺术性，灵活地运用直译、意译、直译兼意译、套用汉语谚语以及加注等多种方法，以求忠实的表达原文的思想内容，保持原文的民族特色和修辞效果，做到语言通顺流畅，力求再现英语谚语的语言风格和丰富内涵。英语谚语受其本土文化影响很深，便对译者提出了更高的要求，翻译时需要区别对待，采取多种方法来处理。英语谚语的翻译手法大致有以下几种：一、直译法 直译就是按照文字的字面意思直接翻译，即在不违反译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想或误解的前提下，在译文中保留英语谚语的比喻、和民族地方色彩的方法。例如：
knowledge is power．知识就是力量。 a year’s planning is in spring. 一年之计在于春。 a rolling stone gathers no moss．滚石不生苔 after rain comes fair weather．雨过天晴。 money is the root of all evil．金钱是万恶之源。 danger past，god forgotten．渡过危险，忘了上帝。 easier said than done．说时容易做时难。 god helps those who help themselves．上帝帮助那些自己where there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 long hair and short wit．头发长，见识短．。 从以上例句看出，直译意思清楚，语言自然，可接受性高，给人以新颖、别致的感觉。直译保留了原谚语独特的表达方式和神韵，因而能达到与原文近似的语言效果，是我们推崇的翻译方法。 英语与汉语的语言结构存在差异，文化背景也不尽相同，属于两种不同的语言体系。因此，英语中还会有一部分谚语无法进行直译，否则就会显得牵强附会。这时，我们可以采用意译、套译等方法。 二、意译法 谚语中还有一部分具有较深的文化背景，读者不能生硬的通过字面意义来理解它的比喻意义，这时就要注重对比喻意义的翻译，必要时可以舍弃其字面意义，即意译。所谓意译就是只将大意表达出来，不注重细节，只要译文自然流畅、符合原文本意即可。例如：
常用成语英汉互译 爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余 "worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜 white night 不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 不打不成交 "No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
中国成语英语翻译大全 Where there is a will, there is a way。有志者。事竟成爱屋及乌Love me，love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing。比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best， but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start。不眠之夜white night 不以物喜,不以己悲not pleased by external gains，not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out； do one\'s best 不打不成交”No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new； ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short； too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits。好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore， one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to
英译常用的100个中国成语 [日期：2012-07-13] 来源：作者：[字体：大中小] 1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year an d ring in th e new
11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news s pread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones
“四字格”翻译 （一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之：汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”，具体是指：中文长句中，第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则，第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么，第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时，可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则，长句一点儿都不可怕！这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握！详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异：中文结构“前轻后重”，中文结构事实、背景在前，表态、判断、结论在后，英文恰恰相反，是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸，“表态判断为主，事实背景为从”，在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则，逻辑一目了然，译文自然“行云流水”！详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式，即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好，它们说了算！可以不夸张地说，谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式，谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂！详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点，经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思，英译时必须压缩合并减译，提取核心意思，力求简洁、流畅，如：骄傲与自豪，千山万水，你中有我、我中有你，等等。中文还有一个典型特点，即“双动词现象”，如：调整和优化，提高和加强，保障和改善民生，加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例，这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词，调整的目的就是优化，而优化就是一种调整，直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”，“同义发散”，选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释，使用同义词进行替换等等，以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致，即，同义词替换多多益善！要从写作的高度看翻译！详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息，如：“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6
阅读评析下列有关谚语的解释译文及谚语的翻译效果，并进行翻译策略和翻译技巧的归类Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegantes. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. 谚语是使拉丁美洲人民言谈生动活泼的流行俗语，是洗练睿智的语言，大学教授说，田野农夫也说，市井乞丐说，名门闺秀也说。谚语简洁明快、丰富多彩，往往带刺。 When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There's no pot so ugly it can’t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” 邻居一个丑八怪的女儿说她订婚了，伊梅尔达就说：“太太，你可听见大伙儿讲开了…罐儿配个盖子不发愁(姑娘再丑，找个汉子不必忧)。” 当伊梅尔达的女婿气势汹汹要找克扣他工资的老板算帐时，她冷眼瞪着他说：“小鱼吃得了大鱼吗?” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband's parents, and Imelda was insisting that she apologize to them. Her daughter objected.一天下午，我听见伊梅尔达和女儿在厨房争论开了。原来是女儿刚跟公婆吵了嘴，她非要女儿去赔不是不可。做女儿的却偏不依。 “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they’re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay f or a new bed, all I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?? “可是，娘，我受不了，就是拌了蜜也咽不下呀！他们满嘴讲大话，可是一旦求上他们，却又穷得不得了。就拿今天来说吧，我们想借一点刚够买一张新床的钱，他们却不肯，我只得讲了些你平日讲过几百遍的话：…既然真阔气，何必又装穷？既然真正穷，何必摆阔气？? “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for’? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. 伊梅尔达鼻子哼了一声：“没家教！难道我还没有教过你：…舌头欠债，脖子还债??我才不愿意让人家指脊梁骨，说我根本就不会教女儿尊敬长辈。And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!?” 去赔不是吧，可先得用女服换掉男裤。你婆婆最讨厌妇女穿男裤你是知道的。她总是唠叨着。“孵出来的母鸡还想冒充公鸡?” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don’t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” 做女儿的还想争论一番：“可是，娘，你不是常说吗，得罪了菩萨也得等菩萨消了气再磕头嘛！明天再说难道不成吗?”． “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? “不，不，不成！要记住；…药越难吃，越要快吃。?你知道，孩子，是你错了嘛！不过，…大门把你关在外，礼物送到自然开。? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. 我炉里正烤着蛋糕，本是给太太当正餐的，这我可给太太解释解释。好吧，乖孩子，赶紧回家，穿一身粉红衣服，打扮得漂漂亮亮的。等你回来时，蛋糕也就好了，拿去送给婆婆。
成语英语翻译大全 爱屋及乌Love me,love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some,better off than many;tofall short of the best,but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains,not saddenedby personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort;go all out;do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord,no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out theold year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound lessserious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes;broaden one‘s horizon;be aneye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond isas wrong as falling short;too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore,one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate,while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect. 金玉满堂Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船sit on the fence 君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure ascrystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green 老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried,cliché 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧"Where there is life,there is hope." 马到成功achieve immediate victory;win instant success 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms orstandards. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one‘s dear onesfar away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dearmost. 谋事在人，成事在天"The planning lies with man,the outcome withHeaven./Man proposes,God disposes." 弄巧成拙be too smart by half;Cunning outwits itself. 拿手好戏masterpiece
英汉谚语的区别与翻译原则 谚语是通俗简练、生动活泼的韵语或短句，它经常以口语的形式在人民中间广泛地沿用和流传，是人民群众表现实际生活经验或感受的一种“现成话”。本文主要介绍英汉谚语英汉谚语的特点与区别，并对翻译过程中应掌握的基本技巧作了大致概括。 一、英汉谚语的特征 (一)用词精炼、句式整齐 经过长期的实践，谚语的用词十分讲究，单句间接凝练、言简意赅，双句大多采用对仗，结构整齐、对称。 汉谚：1、滴水穿石 Constant dropping wears the stone 2、路遥知马力，日久见人心。 As distance tests a horse's strength.sotime reveals a person's heart. 英谚：1、Out of sight，out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。 2、Like father，like son，有其父，必有其子。 (二)音韵和谐、易于上口 谚语经过人们长期的使用流传，具有很强的口语化特点，单句讲究韵律，双句讲究对仗，因此说起来朗朗上口，听起来悦耳动听。 汉谚：1、嘴上无毛，说话不牢。 Downy lips make thoughtless slips. 2、失之东隅，收之桑隅。 What one loses on the swings one gets back on theroundabouts. 英谚：1、Aeeidents will happen in the best-regu-lated families. 家规再严，丑事难免。 2、Empty vessels make the most noise. 滴瓶不响，半瓶叮当。 (三)比喻生动，寓意深刻 谚语来源于生活又反映生活，包含着许多生动形象的比喻，往往蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。汉谚：1、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 As long as green hills remains，there'll never be a shortage of firewood， 2、宁为鸡头，毋为牛后。 Better bethe head 0fadogthanthetail of alion. 英谚：1、Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 2、A contented mind is a perpetual feast.知足者常乐。 二、英汉谚语中所反映的文化差异 英汉谚语所反映的文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面： （一）、起源差异 首先，英汉谚语都受到宗教思想的影响，英谚受基督教的影响，反映了基督教的伦理道德和行为规范，如：No respecter of persons.（一视同仁）；而汉谚则受到“儒”、“释”、“道”三教的影响，如：“养儿防老，积谷防饥”是儒家的思想； （二）、地理环境的差异 谚语的产生与人们的生活密切相关。英国是一个四面环海的岛国，因此英国历史上航海业曾
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c71516389.html, 英汉互译中的汉语四字结构 作者：胡海涛彭贝妮 来源：《科技视界》2015年第09期 【摘要】汉语中的四字结构言简意赅，生动形象，比一般词语有着更强的表现力，是人 们喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。无论是汉译英中的四字结构的英译，还是英译汉中对四字结构的使用，都应遵循“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。 【关键词】英汉互译；四字结构；忠实、通顺；翻译标准 在汉语写作的作品和用汉语翻译的作品中，我们会发现四字结构的运用很广泛。这是因为四字结构的适当运用会使文章更加形象生动、简明有力、寓意深刻；读起来也铿锵有力，顺口悦耳，从形式上看，它整齐匀称，文字流畅。使人读后印象会更加深刻。 四字结构通常指汉语中常用到的成语，也包括自行组合成通顺合理的四字结构，那么在英汉互译中如何处理对它的翻译呢？ 我们知道，四字结构特别是成语与中华民族的地理环境、历史背景、风俗习惯、思维方式、经济生活及语言特色等密切相关，具有显著的民族性，文化内涵及其丰富。所以在翻译中要特别注意，以免引起读者的误解。 在汉译英中，如果译文不违背语言规范，又不会引起读者的误解时，尽可使用直译法，这样就可以保留原文的形象、修辞特色和民族特色。例如：“忍气吞声”可直译为“swallow his anger and hold his tongue”。由于汉英文化也有相通之处，所以在某些情况下也可直接借用一些含义相同、形象一致的英语习语。例如：“趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot”。但要特别注意的一点是由于生活习惯或思维方式等不同，许多英语习语虽与汉语成语有相同或相似的形象或比喻，但含义却不同，在翻译时，就不能简单的借用。例如：“同舟共济”就不能直接译为“to be in the same boat”，因为前者在汉语中含有积极意义，而后者却是有着消极含义的一个习 语。 有的成语源出历史故事或寓言故事，但沿用已久，失去了原来的故事性；有的成语的形象变得不再新鲜生动，人们在使用时只用其喻义；有的成语如直译后会显得生硬、拖沓。在这些情况下，就可以运用意译法。如“滥竽充数”（to make up the number），“名落孙山”（fail），“旗鼓相当”（well-matched）等。 在很多情况下，为了达到既保留原文形象，又能使译文畅达的效果，经常使用直译兼意译的方法。如“斩草除根”（pluck up the evil by the roots）。还有的成语为了音韵整齐而使用两组同义词，在翻译这种成语时，不必亦步亦趋，译出一组的意思就可以了。如“油嘴滑舌”（glib tongue），“捕风捉影”（catch at shadows），“狼吞虎咽”（wolf something down）等。
爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes; broaden one‘s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect.
英汉词语对比与翻译 --- 系统、语义及其他 词类在英汉语中使用的频率有差异 1.我成功了。 I was in success. 2. The old man cast impatient glances at the clock. 这位老师不耐烦地看了看钟。 3.他初出茅庐，没有什么经验。 He is a green hand 4. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. 一进门，我就想起来了被我摔碎的娃娃。我摸索着走到壁炉跟前，捡起了碎片。 A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese --- 英汉语对比研究 人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don’t say what others have said. 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。The problem was solved. 你再说一个字，我马上走。 If you should say one more word, I would go at once. 你死了，我去当和尚。 If you should die, I would go and be a monk. 1．人在阵地在。 The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.(Condition 条件) 2．人无远虑，必有近忧。 If one has no long-term considerations, he will find trouble at his doorstep.(Condition 条件) 3．病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。 Sickness comes like an avalanche(雪崩) , but goes like reeling silk. (Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折) 4．我来他已去。 He had left when I arrived.(Time Order 时间先后) 5．他人老心不老。 Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart. (Concession 让步) Look at the sentence structures of the two languages from another perspective: 1．我的小子他很调皮。 My little grandson is very naughty. 2．那所房子你们早该修了。 You should have repaired the house. 3．英语这门语言，学会它可不容易。 It is by no means easy to learn the English language. 4．这里建大桥，我看行不通。 I don’t think it workable to build a bridge here. 1．志同道合，友谊才会持久。 Friendship will last only if it is based on a common goal. Only if friendship is based on a common goal, it will last. 2．天下雨，运动会延期了。 The sports meet was postponed because of rain. Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed. 3．We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts (棚户区)not far away from the Central Avenue.
最新整理高中英语考前必备常用俗语、成语英汉互译告诉你，一句适当的俗语成语引用能够为你的文章增色，下面为大家提供一些参考，希望大家可以灵活运用并取得好成绩。 1.Evenifthemonkcanrunaway,histemplecannotrunwithhim. 跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。 2.EvenifIweretobebeatentodeath,Iwillnottell. 打死我也不说。 3.Modestyhelpsonegoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 4.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗? 5.Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 6.Wisdompreparesfortheworst;butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcome s. 聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。 7.Intheendthingswillmend. 车到山前必有路。 8.Todieonone'sfeetisbetterthantoliveonone'sknees. 好死不如赖活。 9.Bloodisthickerthanwater. 血浓于水。 10.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 11.Giveknavesaninchandtheywilltakeayard. 得寸进尺。 12.Hethatrespectsothersshalllikewiseberespected. 敬人者，人恒敬之。 13.Allgoodthingscometoanend. 天下无不散之筵席。 14.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim. 欲加之罪何患无词。 15.Nothingventure,nothinghave. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 16.DoinRomeastheRomansdo. 入乡随俗。 17.Thingsdonecannotundone. 覆水难收。 18.Misfortunesnevercomealone. 祸不单行。 19.Beautyisintheeyesofthebeholders. 情人眼里出西施。 20.Timeandtidewaitfornoman. 时不我待 21.Killtwobirdswithonestone. 一石二鸟，一箭双雕。