初中现在完成时练习题及答案(同名4973)
一、时态讲解:现在完成时
(1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意:
a)s ince和for的区别
since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there
______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country
______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______
20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been
empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has
been in hospital ______ October.
2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为:
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较:Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)
Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了?(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)