General Requirements to Construction of Substation
Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprises．They serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main step-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10Kv;distribution substations for 6-10Kv;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(sometimes 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services.
Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220kV over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object or region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380.
Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a long-distance transmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing substations for 110-220kV, the functions of a switch-gear are accomplished
by switch-gears for 6-10kV at deep entrance substations.
Depending on location of substations their switch-gear may be outdoor or indoor. The feed and output lines at 6-10kV substations are mainly of the cable type .at 35-220kV substations of the aerial type .When erecting and wiring the substations ,major attention is given to reliable and economic power supply of a given production.
Substations are erected by industrial methods with the use of large blocks and assemblies prepared at the site shops of electric engineering organizations and factories of electrical engineering industry .Substations are usually designed for operation without continuous attendance of the duty personnel but with the use of elementary automatic and signaling devices.
When constructing the structural part of a substation .it is advisable to use light-weight industrial structures and elements (panels ,floors ,etc.) made of bent sections .These elements are pre-made outside the erection zone and are only assembled at site .This considerably cuts the terms and cost of construction.
Basic circuitry concepts of substations are chosen when designing a powersupply system of the enterprise .Substations feature primary voltage entrances .transformers and output cable lines or current conductors of secondary voltage .Substations are mounted from equipment and elements described below .The number of possible combinations of equipment and elements is very great .Whenelaborating a substation circuitry ,it is necessary to strive for maximum simplification and minimizing the number of switching devices .Such substations are more reliable and economic .Circuitry is simplified by using automatic reclosure or automatic change over to reserve facility which allows rapid and faultless redundancy of individual elements and using equipment.
When designing transformer substations of industrial enterprises for all voltages , the following basic considerations are taken into account:
1. Preferable employment of a single-bus system with using two-bus systems only to ensure a reliable and economic power supply;
2. Wide use of unitized constructions and busless substations;
3.Substantiated employment of automatics and telemetry ;if the substation design does not envisage the use of automatics or telemetry ,the circuitry is so arranged as to allow for adding such equipment in future without excessive investments and re-work.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c711987177.html,e of simple and cheap devices-isolating switches ,short-circuiting switches ,load-breaking isolators ,fuses ,with due regard for their switching capacity may drastically cut the need for expensive and critical oil ,vacuum ,solenoid and air switches .Substation and switch-gear circuitries are so made that using the equipment of each production line is fed from individual transformers ,assemblies ,the lines to allow their disconnection simultaneously with mechanisms without disrupting operation of adjacent production flows.
When elaborating circuitry of a substation, the most vital task is to properly choose and arrange switching devices(switches ,isolators ,current limiters ,arresters ,high-voltage fuses).The decision depends on the purpose ,power and significance of the substation.
Many years ago, scientists had very vague ideas about electricity. Many of them thought of it as a sort of fluid that flowed through wires as water flows through pipes, but they could not understand what made it flow. Many of them felt that electricity was made up of tiny particles of some kind ,but trying to separate electricity into individual particles baffled them.
Then, the great American scientist Millikan, in 1909,astounded the scientific world by actually weighing a single particle of electricity and calculating its electric charge. This was probably one of the most delicate weighing jobs ever done by man,for a single electric particle weighs only about half of a millionth of a pound. To make up a pound it would take more of those particles than there are drops of water in the Atlantic Ocean.
They are no strangers to us, these electric particles, for we know them as electrons. When large numbers of electrons break away from their atoms and move through a wire,we describe this action by saying that electricity is flowing through the wire.Yes,the electrical fluid that early scientists talked about is nothing more than electrical flowing along a wire.
But how can individual electrons be made to break away from atoms? And how can these free electrons be made to along a wire? The answer to the first question lies in the structure of the atoms themselves. Some atoms are so constructed that they lose electrons easily. An atom of copper, for example ,is continually losing an electron, regaining it(or another electron),and losing it again. A copper atom normally has 29 electrons, arranged in four different orbits about its nucleus. The inside orbit has 2 electrons. The next larger orbit has 8.The third orbit is packed with 18 electrons . And the outside orbit has only one electron.It is this outside electron that the copper atom is continually losing, for it is not very closely tied to the atom. It wanders off, is replaced by another free-roving electron, and then this second electron also wanders away.
Consequently,in a copper wire free electrons are floating around in all directions among the copper atoms.Thus, even through the copper wire looks quite motionless to your ordinary eye, there is a great deal of activity going on inside it. If the wire were carrying electricity to an electric light or to some other electrical device, the electrons would not be moving around at random. Instead, many of them would be rushing in the same direction-from one end of the wire to the other.
This brings us to the second question .How can free electrons be made to move along a wire? Well ,men have found several ways to do that .One way is chemical. V olta,s voltaic pile,or battery, is a chemical device that makes electricity(or electrons)flow in wires. Another way is magnetic. Faraday and Henry discovered how magnets could be used to make electricity flow in a wire.
Magnets
Almost everyone has seen horseshoe magnets-so called because they are shaped like horseshoes. Probably you have experimented with a magnet, and noticed how it will pick up tacks and nails, or other small iron objects. Men have known about magnets for thousands of years.
Several thousand years ago, according to legend, a shepherd named Magnes lived on the island of Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea .He had a shepherds crook tipped with iron. One day he found an oddly shaped black stone that stuck to this iron
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c711987177.html,ter, when many other such stones were found, they were called magnets(after Magnets).These were natural magnets.
In recent times men have learned how to make magnets out of iron. More important still, they have discovered how to use magnets to push electrons through wires-that is, how to make electricity flow. Before we discuss this, there arecertain characteristics of magnets that we should know about.If a piece of glass is laid on top of a horse- shoes magnet, and if iron filings are then sprink ledon the glass, the filings will arrange themselves into lines. If this same thing is trid with a bar magnet(a horseshoe magnet straightened out),the lines can be seen more easily. These experiments demonstrate what scientists call magnetic lines of force. Magnets, they explain, work through lines of force that ext- end between the two ends of the magnet. But electrons seem to have magnetic lines of force around them, too.This can be proved by sticking a wire through a piece ofcard board, sprinkling iron filings on the cardboard, and connecting a battery to the wire. The filings will tend to form rings around the wire,as a result of the magnetism of the moving electrons(or electricity).So we can see that there is arelationship between moving electrons and magnetism, Magnetism results from the movement of electrons.
Of course, electrons are not really flowing in the bar magnet, but they are in motion, circling the nuclei of the iron atoms. However, in the magnet, circling thelined up in such a way that their electrons are circling in the same direction. Perhaps a good comparison might be a great number of boys whirling balls onstrings in a clockwise direction around their heads.
引言 随着经济的腾飞，电力系统的发展和负荷的增长，电力网容量的增大，电压等级和综合自动化水平也不断提高，科学技术突飞猛进，新技术、新电力设备日新月异，该地原有变电所设备旧，占地较大，自动化程度不高，为满足该地区经济的持续发展和人民生活的需要，电网正在进行大规模的改造，对变电所的设计提出了更高、更新的要求。建设新的变电所，采用先进的设备，使其与世界先进变电所接轨，这对提高电力网的供电可靠性，降低线路损耗，改善电能质量，增加电力企业的经济效益有很大的现实意义。 1、绪论 由于经济社会和现代科学技术的发展，电力网容量的增大，电压等级的提高，综合自动化水平的需求，使变电所设计问题变得越来越复杂。除了常规变电所之外，还出现了微机变电所、综合自动化变电所和无人值班变电所等。目前，随着我国城乡电网建设与改革工作的开展，对变电所设计也提出了更高、更新的要求。 1.1 我国变电所发展现状 变电技术的发展与电网的发展和设备的制造水平密切相关。近年来，为了满足经济快速增长对电力的需求，我国电力工业也在高速发展，电网规模不断扩大。目前我国建成的500kV变电所有近200座，220kV变电所有几千座；500kV电网已成为主要的输电网络，大经济区之间实现了联网，最终将实现全国联网。电气设备的制造水平也在不断提高，产品的性能和质量都有了较大的改进。除空气绝缘的高压电气设备外，GIS、组合化、智能化、数字化的高压配电装置也有了新的发展；计算机监控微机保护已经在电力系统中全面推广采用；代表现代输变电技术最高水平的750kV直流输电，500kV交流可控串联补偿也已经投入商业运行。
我国电网供电的可靠性近年来也有了较大的提高，在发达国家连续发生严重的电网事故的同时，我国电网的运行比较稳定，保证了经济的高速发展。 1.2 变电所未来发展需要解决的问题 在未来，随着经济的增长，变电技术还将有新的发展，同时也给电力工程技术人员提出了一些需要解决的问题，例如：高压、大容量变电所深入负荷中心进入市区所带来的如何减少变电所占地问题、环境兼容问题；电网联系越来越紧密，如何解决在事故时快速切除隔离故障点，保证电力系统安全稳定问题；系统短路电流水平不断提高，如何限制短路电流问题；在保证供电可靠性的前提下，如何恰当的选择主接线和电气设备、降低工程造价问题等。 1.3 地区变电所的未来发展 变电所实现无人值班是一项涉及面广、技术含量高、要求技术和管理工作相互配套的系统工程。它包括：电网一、二次部分、变电所装备水平、通信通道建设、调度自动化系统的建立以及无人值班变电所的运行管理工作等。所以要实现变电所的无人值班，必须满足一定的条件，主要有以下几个方面： ⑴变电所的基础设施要符合要求。如：主接线力求简单，运行方式改变易实现，变压器要具有调压能力（可以是有载调压变压器或由调压器与无载调压变压器相配合来实现调压），主开断设备要具有较高的健康水平，操作机构要能满足远方拉合要求等。另外，所还要具备一定的基础自动化水平，用以完成对一些辅助性设备实现控制（如主变风扇的开停、电容器的投切等），以减轻调度端的工作量。 ⑵调度自动化系统在达到部颁发的《县级电网电力调度自动化规》中所要求的功能的基础上，通过扩展“遥控”、“遥调”，实现“四遥”功能，达到实用
课程设计任务书 设计题目： 110kV变电站电气 一次部分设计 前言 变电站(Substation）改变电压的场所。是把一些设备组装起来，用以切断或接通、改变或者调整电压。在电力系统中，变电站是输电和配电的集结点。主要作用是进行高底压的变换，一些变电站是将发电站发出的电升压，这样一方面便于远距离输电，第二是为了降低输电时电线上的损耗；还有一些变电站是将高压电降压，经过降压后的电才可接入用户。对于不同的情况，升压和降压的幅度是不同的，所以变电站是很多的，比入说远距离输电时，电压为11千伏，甚至更高，近距离时为1000伏吧，这个电压经
变压器后，变为220伏的生活用电，或变为380伏的工业用电。 随着我国电力工业化的持续迅速发展，对变电站的建设将会提出更高的要求。本文通过对110KV变电站一次系统的设计，其中针对主接线形式选择，母线截面的选择，电缆线路的选择，主变压器型号和台数的确定，保护装置及保护设备的选择方法进行了详细的介绍。其中，电气设备的选择包括断路器、隔离开关、互感器的选择和方法与计算，保护装置包括避雷器和避雷针的选择。其中分析短路电流的计算方法和原因，是为了保证供电的可靠性。 目录 第1章原始资料及其分析 (4) 1原始资料 (4) 2原始资料分析 (6) 第2章负荷分析 (6) 第3章变压器的选择 (8) 第4章电气主接线 (11) 第5章短路电流的计算 (14) 1短路电流计算的目的和条件 (14) 2短路电流的计算步骤和计算结果 (15) 第6章配电装置及电气设备的配置与选择 (18) 1 导体和电气设备选择的一般条件 (18) 2 设备的选择 (19) 结束语 (25)
电气与信息学院 毕业设计（论文）开题报告
《220kV变电站电气部分初步设计》开题报告 一、课题的目的和意义 随着国民经济的迅速发展，电力工业的腾飞，人们对能源利用的认识越来越重视。现在根据电力系统的发展规划，拟在某地区新建一座220KV的变电站。 本次设计是在掌握变电站生产过程的基础上完成的。通过它我不仅复习巩固了专业课程的有关内容，而且拓宽了知识面，增强了工程观念，培养了变电站设计的能力。同时对能源、发电、变电和输电的电气部分有个详细的概念，能熟练的运用有些知识，如短路计算的基本理论和方法、主接线的设计、导体电气设备的选择以及变压器的运行等。 二、文献综述 1 变电站的概述 随着经济的发展，工业水平的进步，人们生活水平不断的提高，电力系统在整个行业中所占比例逐渐趋大。现代电力系统是一个巨大的、严密的整体。各类发电厂、变电站分工完成整个电力系统的发电、变电和配电的任务。电力系统是国民经济的重要能源部门，而变电站的设计是电力工业建设中必不可少的一个项目。由于变电站的设计内容多，范围广，逻辑性强，不同电压等级，不同类型，不同性质负荷的变电站设计时所侧重的方面是不一样的。设计过程中要针对变电站的规模和形式，具体问题具体分析。 变电站是电力系统中变换电压、接受和分配电能、控制电力的流向和调整电压的电力设施，它通过其变压器将各级电压的电网联系起来。我国电力系统的变电站大致分为四大类：升压变电站，主网变电站，二次变电站，配电站。我国电力工业的技术水平和管理水平正在逐步提高，对变电所的设计提出了更高的要求，更需要我们提高知识理解应用水平，认真对待。[1] 结合我国电力现状，为国民经济各部门和人民生活供给充足、可靠、优质、廉价的电能，优化发展变电站，规划以220KV、110KV、10KV电压等级设计变电站。从我国目前部分地区用电发展趋势来看，新建变电站应充分体现出安全性、可靠
附录Ⅲ 英文翻译 A comprehensive overview of substations Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life. Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load
引言 发电厂及电力系统的毕业设计是培养学生综合运用所学理论知识，独立分析和解决工程实际问题的初步能力的一个重要环节。 本设计是根据毕业设计的要求，针对220/60KV降压变电所毕业设计论文。本次设计主要是一次变电所电器部分的设计，并做出阐述和说明。论文包括选择变电所的主变压器的容量、台数和形式，选择待设计变电所所含有的各种电气设备及其各项参数，并且通过计算，详细的校验了公众不同设备的热稳定和动稳定，并对其选择进行了详尽的说明。同时经过变压器的选择和变电所所带负荷情况，确定本变电所电气主接线方案和高压配电装置及其布置方式，同时根据变电所的电压等级及其在电力网中的重要地位进行继电保护和自动装置的规划设计，最后通过对主接线形式的确定及所选设备的型号绘制变电所的断面图、平面图、和继电保护原理图，同时根据所绘制的变电所平面图计算变电所屋外高压配电装置的防雷保护，并绘制屋外高压配电装置的防雷保护图。
第一篇毕业设计说明书 1 变电所设计原始资料 1.1 设计的原始资料及依据 (1) 待设计变电所建成后主要向工业用户供电，电源进线为220KV两回进线，电压等级为220/60KV。 (2) 变电所地区年平均温度14℃，最高温度36℃，最低温度-20℃。 (3) 周围空气无污染。 (4) 出线走廊宽阔，地势平坦，交通方便。 (5) 变电所60KV负荷表： （重要负荷占总负荷的80%，负荷同时率为0.7，线损率5%，Tmax=5600小时） 表1.1 变电所60kV负荷表 序号负荷名称最大负荷（KW）功率 因数出线 方式 出线 回路数 附注 近期远期 1 建成机械厂18000 25000 0.95 架空 2 有重要负荷 2 化肥厂8000 10000 0.95 架空 2 有重要负荷 3 重型机械厂10000 13000 0.95 架空 2 有重要负荷 4 拖拉机厂15000 20000 0.9 5 架空 2 有重要负荷 5 冶炼厂10000 15000 0.95 架空 2 有重要负荷 6 炼钢厂12000 18000 0.95 架空 2 有重要负荷 (6)电力系统接线方式如图所示： 图1.1 电力系统接线方式图 系统中所有的发电机均为汽轮发电机，送电线路均为架空线，单位长度正序电抗为0.4欧姆/公里
目录 一、前言 (2) 1、设计内容：（原始资料16） (2) 2、设计目的 (2) 3、任务要求 (3) 4、设计原则、依据 (3) 原则：. (3) 5、设计基本要求 (3) 二、原始资料分析 (3) 三、主接线方案确定 (4) 1 主接线方案拟定 (4) 2 方案的比较与最终确定 (5) 四、厂用电（所用电）的设计 (5) 五、主变压器的确定 (6) 六、短路电流的计算 (7) 七、电气设备的选择 (8) 八、设计总结 (11) 附录 A 主接线图另附图 (12) 附录 B 短路电流的计算 (12) 附录C :电气校验 (15)
、尸■、■ 前言 1、设计内容：（原始资料16） 1）待设计的变电站为一发电厂升压站 （2）计划安装两台200MW汽轮发电机机组 发电机型号：QFSN-200-2 U e=15750V cos =0.85 X g=14.13% P e=200MW （3）220KV出线五回，预留备用空间间隔，每条线路最大输送容量200MVA T max=200MW （4）当地最高温度41.7 C,最热月平均最高温度32.5 C,最低温度-18.6 C, 最热月地面下0.8米处土壤平均温度25.3 C。 （5）厂用电率为8%厂用电电压为6KV发电机出口电压为15.75KV。 6）本变电站地处8度地震区。 7）在系统最大运行方式下，系统阻抗值为0.054。 （8）设计电厂为一中型电厂，其容量为2X 200 MW=40MW最大机组容量200 MW 向系统送电。 （9）变电站220KV与系统有5回馈线，呈强联系方式。 2、设计目的 发电厂电气部分课程设计是在学习电力系统基础课程后的一次综合性训练，通过课程设计的实践达到： 1）巩固“发电厂电气部分” 、“电力系统分析”等课程的理论知识。 2）熟悉国家能源开发策略和有关的技术规范、规定、导则等。 3）掌握发电厂（或变电所）电气部分设计的基本方法和内容。 4）学习工程设计说明书的撰写。 （5）培养学生独立分析问题、解决问题的工作能力和实际工程设计的基本技能。
毕业设计 开题报告 课题名称 220KV变电站电气一次部分 初步设计及防雷保护院系机电与自动化学院 专业班电气工程及其自动化1306班姓名潘建雄 评分 指导教师张雅晶 武昌首义学院
毕业设计开题报告撰写要求 1.开题报告的主要内容 1）课题设计的目的和意义； 2）主要参考文献综述； 3）课题设计的主要内容； 4）设计方案； 5）实施计划。 6）主要参考文献：不少于5篇，其中外文文献不少于1篇。 2．撰写开题报告时，所选课题的课题名称不得多于25个汉字，课题研究份量要适当，研究内容中必须有自己的见解和观点。 3.开题报告的字数不少于3000字（艺术类专业不少于2000字），其中，主要参考文献综述字数不得少于1000字，开题报告的格式按学校《本科毕业设计/论文撰写规范》的要求撰写。 4. 指导教师和责任单位必须审查签字。 5．开题报告单独装订，本附件为封面，后续表格请从网上下载并用A4纸打印后填写。 6. 此开题报告适用于全校各专业，部分特殊专业需要变更的，由所在院（系）在此基础上提出调整方案，报学校审批后执行。
武昌首义学院本科生毕业设计开题报告
220kV电压等级接线方案 由于220kV侧出线数为4回，系统A、B的容量较大，要求供电可靠性高，双母线接线与单母线接线相比，投资有所增加，但可靠性和灵活性大为提高，宜采用双母线接线， 如图4-1。 图4-1 双母线接线 规程规定，采用母线分段或双母线的110-220kV的配电装置，在满足下列条件时可以不设旁路母线：当系统允许停电检修时，如为双回路供电或负荷点可又线路其他电源供电；当线路允许断路器停电检修；配电装置为屋内型为节约配电面积可不设旁路母线而用简易隔离开关代替。 110kV电压等级接线方案 由于110KV侧送出6回线路，I、II级负荷所占比重大，电压等级高，输送功率较大，停电影响较大，要求供电可靠性高，宜采用带有专用旁路断路器的旁路母线双母线接线，如图4-2。
外文文献一 General Requirements to Construction of Substation Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprises．They serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main step-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10Kv;distribution substations for 6-10Kv;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(sometimes 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services. Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220kV over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object or region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380. Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a long-distance transmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of
新疆农业大学机械交通学院 《发电厂电气设备》 课程设计说明书 题目 220kV/35KV变电站继电保护课程设计 专业班级：电气工程及其自动化122班 学号： 123736211 学生姓名：孔祥林 指导教师：李春兰艾海提·塞买提 时间： 2015年12月
目录 概述 (1) 1.电气主接线的设计 (1) 1.1主接线的设计原则和要求 (1) 2 主要电气器件选择汇总表 (2) 3短路电流的计算 (2) 3.1短路电流 (2) 3.1.1短路电流计算的目的 (2) 3.2 各回路最大持续工作电流 (3) 3.3短路电流计算点的确定 (3) 3.3.1 当K1点出现短路时 (5) 3.3.2当K2点出现短路时 (6) 4电保护分类及要求 (7) 5电力继电器继电保护 (8) 5.1电力变压器故障及不正常运行状态 (8) 5.2 电力变压器继电保护的配置原则 (8) 6选用变压器继电保护装置类型 (9) 7选用的母线继电保护装置类型 (9) 8各保护装置的整定计算 (10) 8.1变压器纵差保护整定计算及其校验 (10) 8.1.1差动继电器的选型 (10) 8.1.2纵差动保护的整定计算 (10) 8.1.3差动保护灵敏系数的校验 (11) 8.2变压器过电流保护的整定计算 (12) 8.2.1 DL-21CE型电流继电器 (12) 8.2.2过电流保护整定原则 (12) 8.2.3过电流保护整定的动作时限器 (13) 8.2.4保护装置的灵敏校验 (13) 8.2.5过电流保护整定计算 (13) 8.3过负荷保护 (15) 8.4变压器一次侧零序过电流保护的整定计算 (15) 8.4.2 DS-26E型时间继电器 (15) 8.4.2零序电流的整定计算 (16) 9防雷保护 (17) 10心得体会 (17) 参考文献： (18)
220KV变电所电气部分的初步设计
摘要 变电站是电力系统的重要组成部分，它直接影响整个电力系统的安全与经济运行，是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节，起着变换和分配电能的作用，拟在某区域新建一座220KV变电站。 本设计主要介绍了220kv区域变电站电气一次部分的设计内容和设计方法。设计的内容有220kv区域变电站的电气主接线选择，主变压器，站用变压器的选择，母线，断路器和隔离刀闸的选择，互感器的配置，220kv,110kv,10kv线路的选择和短路电流的计算,设计中还对主要高压电气设备进行了选择与计算，如断路器，隔离开关，电压互感器，电流互感器等，此外还进行了防雷保护的设计，电气总平面布置及配电装置的选择，继电保护的设备等，提高了整个变电站的安全性。 关键词：变电站；主接线；变压器;继电保护
目录 1绪论 (1) 1.1选题的目的和意义 (1) 1.2国内外研究现状及发展趋势 (1) 1.3 变电站的设计任务 (1) 2主变压器的选择 (3) 2.1概述 (3) 2.2主变压器台数的确定 (3) 2.3主变压器型式的选择 (3) 2.4主变压器容量的选择 (4) 2.5主变型号选择 (5) 2.6无功补偿 (5) 2.6.1无功补偿的必要性 (5) 2.6.2无功补偿的方式 (6) 3 电气主接线的方案设计 (7) 3.1电气主接线概述 (7) 3.2电气主接线的方案选择 (7) 3.2.1主接线方式介绍 (7) 3.2.2主接线的方案选择 (8) 4 所用电系统设计 (10) 4.1 所用电系统设计的原则和要求 (10) 3.2所用变压器容量、台数选择 (10) 3.3 新建变电所所用电接线 (11) 5 短路电流的计算 (12) 5.1 概述 (12) 5.2短路电流计算的目的和内容 (12) 5.3短路电流的计算 (13) 5.3.1变压器参数的计算 (13) 5.3.2短路电流的计算 (14) 5.3.3回路最大持续工作电流的计算 (16) 6电气设备的选择 (18) 6.1概述 (18) 6.2断路器的选择 (19) 6.3隔离开关的选择 (21) 6.4电流互感器的选择 (23) 6.5电压互感器的选择 (25) 6.6母线的选择 (27) 6.7电力电缆的选择 (29) 6.8限流电抗器的选择 (31) 7继电保护配置 (32) 7.1概述 (32) 7.2主变压器保护 (32) 7.3线路及母线保护 (33)
目录 前言 第1章设计原始材料及设计任务 (2) 24 参考文献 心得体会
前言 本毕业设计为二○○六级电力系统及自动化专业自学考试毕业设计，设计题目为：220KV变电站电气一次部分初步设计。此设计任务旨在体现我对本专业各科知识的掌握程度，培养我对本专业各科知识进行综合运用的能力设计（一次部分）的全过程。通过对变电站的主接线设计，站用电接线设计，短路电流计算，电气设备动、热稳定校验，主要电气设备型号及参数的确定，运行方式分析，防雷及过电压保护装置的设计和无功补偿方案设计，较为详细地完成了电力系统中变电站设计。 第1章设计原始材料及设计任务 1、本次设计的变电站为地区性220KV降压变电站,
有三个电压等级,即220KV、110KV、35KV； 2、本系统中有110kv和35kv两个负荷等级, 其最大负荷为200MW，cosφ=0.85，和70MW，cosφ=0.8； 3、所用电系统采用380/220V中性点直接接地的三相四线制,动力与照明合用一个电源； 4、远期投入是3台主变,近期只要2台； 5、待设计变电所为长方形，环境温度最高为42°C； 6、本变电所主要由屋外配电装置，主变压器、二次室、静止补偿装置及辅助设施构成。
第2章变电站主接线设计 变电站电气主接线设计是依据变电所的最高电压等级和变电所的性质，选择出一种与变电所在系统中的地位和作用相适应的接线方式。变电所的电气主接线是电力系统接线的重要组成部分。它表明变电所内的变压器、各电压等级的线路、无功补偿设备最优化的接线方式与电力系统连接，同时也表明在变电所内各种电气设备之间的连接方式。一个变电所的电气主接线包括高压侧、中压侧、低压侧以及变压器的接线。因各侧所接的系统情况不同，进出线回路数不同，其接线方式也不同。 2.1主接线选择的主要原则 1）变电所主接线要与变电所在系统中的地位、作用相适应。根据变电所在系统中的地位，作用确定对主接线的可靠性、灵活性和经济性的要求。 2）变电所主接线的选择应考虑电网安全稳定运行的要求，还应满足电网出故障时应处理的要求。 3）各种配置接线的选择，要考虑该配置所在的变电所性质，电压等级、进出线回路数、采用的设备情况，供电负荷的重要性和本地区的运行习惯等因素。 4）近期接线与远景接线相结合，方便接线的过程。 5）在确定变电所主接线时要进行技术经济比较。 2.2主接线方案设计 2.2.1 方案拟定及技术比较 1）单母线分段
附录Ⅲ 英文翻译 A prehensive overview of substations Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system bee more and more pletely and system、Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity、Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply、Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts、In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people、The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution、It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety、Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical、As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life、 Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level、As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable ponent、。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical、Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission、Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption、Substation system if a link
General Requirements to Construction of Substation Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprises．They serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main step-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10Kv;distribution substations for 6-10Kv;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(sometimes 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services. Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220kV over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object or region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380. Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a long-distance transmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing substations for 110-220kV, the functions of a switch-gear are accomplished
220kV变电站设计说明书1.1 220kV变电站在国发展现状与趋势 电力工业是国民经济的重要部门之一，它是负责把自然界提供的能源转换为供人们直接使用的电能的产业。它即为现代工业、现代农业、现代科学技术和现代国防提供不可少的动力，又和广大人民群众的日常生活有着密切的关系。电力工业的发展必须优先于其他的工业部门，整个国民经济才能不断前进。但是，随着近年来我国国民经济的高速发展与人民生活用电的急剧增长，电力行业的发展水平越来越高，特别是在电的输送方面有了更高的要求。因此，确定合理的变压器的容量是变电所安全可靠供电和网络经济运行的保证。在选择主变压器时，要根据原始资料和设计变电所的自身特点，在满足可靠性的前提下，要考虑到经济来选择主变压器。 1.2 220kV变电站设计规 （1）国家电网公司《关于印发<国家电网公司110（66）～500kV变电站通用设计修订工作启动会议纪要>的通知》（基建技术〔2010〕188号) （2）《国家电网公司220kV变电站典型设计》（2005版） （3）《国家电网公司输变电工程通用设备（2009年版）》 （4）《国家电网公司输变电工程典型设计-220kV变电站二次系统部分》（2007年版）（5）Q/GDW166-2007 《国家电网公司输变电工程初步设计容深度规定》 （6）Q/GDW204-2009 《220kV变电站通用设计规》 （7）Q/GDW383-2009 《智能变电站技术导则》 （8）Q/GDW393-2009 《110（66）～220kV智能变电站设计规》 （9）Q/GDW161-2007 《线路保护及辅助装置标准化设计规》 1.3变电站位置的选择 图1为广西大学西校园用电量比较大的建筑物简化地图，对于变电站位置的选取，我