2016 年专四作文题目
Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response In NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
2)comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money
You should support yourself with information from the excerpt
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks
Term-time holidays will be banned
Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK’sEducation Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.
He is to abolish the right of head teachers to "authorise absence" from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children
not being at school
“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child ’seducation, " a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. "That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence”.
“This is part of the government ’swider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools”.
The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted "excuses for failure”.
Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. "The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child's education is more important than a holiday, "he said.
2017 年专四作文题目
Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should
1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
2)comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.
You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks
With intelligent machines to do the thinking, will our brains get lazy?
Changing technology stimulates the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines, our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligent?
Artificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance, planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. And the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.
Artificial intelligence is embedded in many features of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans, including some aptitudes where there was once thought to be a human advantage, such as playing chess, and writing poetry, or even novels.
As machines get smarter, they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier. In the future, the electronic assistant will develop to the point that it serves similar functions as a real living butler, fulfilling requests such as: "Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday and invite the usual guests”.
At that point, our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster, we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain
-----the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort, our brains will regress.
2018 年专四作文题目
Read carefully the following report, and then write your response inNO LESS THAN 200words, In
which you should:
1) summarize the main message of the report, and then
2)comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survivals Director
You can support yourself with information from the report
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality, Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
Report exposes the dark side of conservation
A report launched by Survival International---the global movement for tribal people right ’s------reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from protected areas, "since protected areas "like national parks should generally be no go " for miming, agriculture, dams, roads
and pipelines.
Survival's report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of "conservation", tribal peoples are being "illegally driven out" from these lands and accuse “poaching"; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big game hunters are welcomed in.
Bushman Daugoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, " I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals”.
Survival's report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shakeup. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal peoples' rights to their lands, listen to them. and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.
Survivals Director Stephen Corry said,“Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment's in deepening crisis. It's time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it's much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples' rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it's they, themselves, who are junior partners.”
2019 年专四作文题目
Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESSTHAN200 WORDS,in which you should
1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption,
You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE
How much screen time is too much for kids?
Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it's the nature of it that matters.
For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’snot so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.
Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of "digital nutrition" likens media diets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time) think about what you’re eating.
"It's not Just about whether you consume any potential digital Junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life, "says Brewer.
For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching
or browsing together.
A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well-being. The study's lead author Dr. Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they are actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”
“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful ---and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens, says Brewer. "Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they are watching, playing and reading is high quality, age-appropriate and safe-----and joining in wherever possible”.
2016年房地产估价案例与分析真题与解析 一、问答题（共3题，每题10分。请将答案写在答题纸对应的题号下） （一）某房地产开发公司拟将其开发建设中的一幢综合楼作为抵押物向银行申请贷款，委托房地产估价机构评估该在建工程的抵押价值。注册房地产评估师在实地查勘时获知该综合楼的主体结构已封顶，后续建设工程正在进行，建安工程整体形象进度达65%，拟选用假设开发法作为其中一种估价方法。请问： 1.假设开发法的估价前提有哪几种？本次估价应选择哪种估价前提？ 2.在各种不同的估价前提下，假设开发法的测算主要有哪些差别？ 【参考答案】 1.假设开发法的估价前提有3种：（1）估价对象仍然由其业主开发完成，这种估价前提称为“业主自行开发前提”；（2）估价对象要被其业主自愿转让给他人开发完成，这种估价前提称为“自愿转让开发前提”；（3）估价对象要被迫转让给他人开发完成，这种估价前提称为“被迫转让开发前提”。 本次估价是房地产抵押估价，应采用“被迫转让前提”。参见《房地产估价理论与方法》教材P341～342。房地产抵押估价和房地产司法拍卖估价，一般应采用“被迫转让前提”。 2.在不同的估价前提下，假设开发法测算的主要差别包括： （1）预测出的后续开发经营期的长短不同。自行开发前提下，后续开发经营期就是正常的后续建设期；而自愿转让开发前提和被迫转让开发前提下，需要考虑转让的正常期限，从而导致后续开发经营期发生变化。 （2）后续开发的必要支出不同。自行开发前提下，只考虑后续开发的必要支出；而自愿转让开发前提和被迫转让开发前提下，通常会产生新的“前期费用”，在估价后续开发的必要支出时，还应加上这部分“前期费用”。 （3）测算出的待开发房地产价值不同。一般情况下，自己开发前提下评估出的价值要大于自愿转让前提下评估出的价值，自愿转让前提下评估出的价值要大于被迫转让前提下评估出的价值。参见《房地产估价理论与方法》教材P341～342。 第三科教材的某一叙述，可能就是案例与分析的一个问答题答案的关键。
May 20th Dear Tom, ``````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` ``````````````正文`````````````````````````````````````````` ``````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` ` Yours Sincerely, Kate ############################################################################### May 20th Dear Tom, ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` Yours Sincerely, Kate 时间日期 称谓：正式或非正式（是否全名，是否不知道对方名称） 分段不需要空格，直接空行 署名的正式性应该和对方称谓一致 此处使用逗号 此处使用逗号 Truthfully, respectfully,
约请(Invitation) Directions: You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice. Write a note to her and say: 1) the time of the show, 2) the place where you will wait for her You should write about 60 words. ?诚挚邀请对方参加某活动 ?介绍活动的内容、时间、地点，相关内容 ?再次发出邀请或者期待对方回复 开头用语 ①Will you do us the favor of joining our party? ②May I take this opportunity to invite you to our university to give a lecture? ③If you have no other plans for Monday，May 15th，will you come to our party at my home? ④I hope you will give me the pleasure of your company on the occasion of a dinner with a few friends next Saturday，the 16th this month，at 6 o’clock. ⑤I am extending to you our formal invitation to... ⑥It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to attend the meeting. ⑦It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to visit this exhibition. ⑧Will you give the pleasure of dining with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday，October the tenth，at eight o’clock p.m.? 结束用语 ①We would be very pleased if you could honor us with your company. Anticipating your reply. ②I hope you won’t decline my invitation. ③We hope you can come and look forward to seeing you later. ④We are anticipating your reply. ⑤Awaiting an early acceptance of our cordial invitation and with kind regards. Sunday Dear Alice, Here is a piece of good news for you. The Russian National Ballet Troupe will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it and I leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not. Yours sincerely, ×××
一、命题作文 满分15分，分五个等级，14分、11分、8分、5分和2分，可以酌情加一或减一分，但不得加或减半分。 具体标准为： 14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误。 11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8分：基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字上连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量严重错误。 5分：基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，文字连贯性差，有较严重的语言错误。 2分：条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 交白卷，或作文与题目毫不相干，或只写几个单词，以0分计算。 评分对于字数的要求：累计字数在150-170之间，扣1分；130-150之间，扣2分；110-130之间，扣3分；90-110之间，扣4分；90以下，至多给5分。若照抄提示中原句，均不得计入所写字数。
TEM4(2007)便条评分标准 一. 格式：（占3分） 包括日期，称呼，和结尾三部分，各占一分。 1.日期(date): 正确：April 24th,2007/ April 24, 2007/ April 24/24 April 2007/4/24/2007 24/4/2007(Apr.也可以，任何一个日期都可以) 2.称呼（Heading）: 正确：(Dear)Mike:(,)/ (Dear)Hilda:(,) (缺逗号或冒号，扣0.5分) 位置在日期下面一行左侧。 3. 结尾（Ending）: 正确：Yours sincerely,/Yours,/ Sincerely yours,/ Sincerely, (缺逗号，扣0.5分) Sincerely, Mike, Hilda (若在一行扣0.5) Yours sincerely （两个单词的首字母都大写扣0.5） 若名字没写或人名XXX（或Mike/ Hilda）扣1分。 4.格式需前后一致，如全左或全右，若不符合，扣1分。 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣1分。最多扣3分。 二.容（占2分） 本便条必须包括如下容： 1.拒绝（1分） 2.理由（1分） 三.语言（占5分） 1．首句需用自己正确的语言表达，若完全抄提示扣1分。 2．5分中有一分是语言的得体性。语言风格与情景不一致，扣1分（如：Yours truly,Truly yours,If you consent , etc）. 只有语言较好才得分。 四．评分总体要求： 1．语言没有严重错误，格式对，容完整，语言得体，字数符合要求（<80,>40）, 可给9—10分。 2．便条总字数（包括三部分格式在），要求在50—60字；不到40或超过80字扣1分。 3．请写出三部分的小分，如2+2+4（格式+容+语言） 4．不要出现0.5 分。 5．要求大家阅卷时做到认真仔细，不漏改卷，漏填分数或漏签名。请在每份卷子的错误部分划线，以便复校。 6．便条总分为10分，6分为及格线。
某实验室建有Ｓ型热电偶标准装置(Ｕ＝0.6℃，k =2)．按照溯源计划，其主标准器标准热电偶温度计(温度计Ａ)每年1月份送上一级计量技术机构检定．2015年1月8日出具的温度计Ａ的检定证书显示其在800℃的测得值为8010.2℃．实验室用Ｓ型热电偶温度计(温度计Ｂ)作为核查标准，每2个月在800℃点对些标准装置进行期间核查．核查时，同时读取放在同一怛温槽中的两 问题： 1.计算温度计Ｂ在800℃时的修正值，写出计算过程． 2.计算平均值i y 和1--i i y y ，并将数据填入表格．(在答题卡上填写) 3.根据核查数据绘制Ｓ型热电偶标准装置的期间核查曲线．(在答题卡上绘制) 4.判断核查结果是否合格，并说明理由．
考评员现场考核某企业的最高计量标准”直流低电阻表检定装置”． 1.在参观现场时，考评员发现其现场温度较低，不能满足计量检定规程规定的环境条件要求，实验室负责人说，我们的标准器在较低温度下也能正常工作，经过温度修正，准确度同样符合要求． 2.在查看实验室时，考评员发现工作台上单独放着一台电脑，询问其作用．实验室负责人回答，我们为了节省档案存储空间，测量时先将数据记在草稿纸上，随后输入电脑，加入电子签名制成电子原始记录，统一存入服务器，核验员对录入数据进行校核后，才销毁草稿纸． 3.在审阅材料中，考评员发现其主标准器前两年都是由省计量院出具的检定证书，而今年是由一家校准公司出具的校准证书．实验室负责人答复，该标准器到期送检时，省计量院相应检定装置故障，暂停了相关计量器具的检定工作，于是选择了这家具备ＣＮＡＳ资质且技术能力较强的校准公司进行校准，校准结果显示该标准器性能良好． 4.在检查设备证书时，考评员发现一台配套设备的校准时间间隔前两次是1年，而最近一次改成了2年．实验室负责人拿出多年的稳定性考核数据证明该设备性能十分稳定，并出示了论证文件和技术负责人签发的将校准时间间隔改为2年的批准文件． 5.在查看其设备档案时，考评员发现某些设备的采购合同原件并未包含在其中，只存有复印件．实验室人员解释，这些材料的原件由财务人员保存． 6.在查看其近期出具的检定和校准证书时，考评员发现某份校准证书内页
●2001年5月专业四级考试： ●Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher, Professor Wang. Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting. You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. ● ●Format 2003年5月专业四级考试： SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN.] Write a note of about 50 - 60 words based on the following situation:You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Heading=solutation ● ● ●英语应用文写作之便条写法(03/02) 便条是一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快地把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有欠条、留言和请假条等。 特点： 文内语言尽量通俗口语化，简单扼要，直截了当，无需使用客套语言。In a roundabout way 便条虽简单，但中心务必突出，更要注明活动的时间及地点。 便条不需邮寄，不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。 基本写作格式 便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名 样例 欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。 S ept. 16th, 2002 Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows: A copy of English History and Anthology of English
writing 一、立场观点型 (97年真题) More Pressure from Academic Studies Does Good to Us It has long been a contentious issue as to whether more pressure from academic studies does good to students or not. Some people are of the opinion that pressure makes motive power, while others point out that too much pressure problems. As far as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight. For one thing, pressure from academic studies can drive students to work harder. Our college education serves as a preparation phase for future career development. In order to stand out among many competitors, students should learn as much as possible in the college and make themselves to be more prepared for the future jobs. For another, pressure from the academic study is a necessary driving force to those less self-disciplined students. College life leaves, compared to the new life style and become addicted to playing computer games or surfing the Internet all day long. Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that modest pressure from academic study is useful and necessary. Therefore, as a university student, we should treasure our college life and properly arrange our time. “Play while play, study while study”, as the saying goes.
2016年度全国一级注册消防工程师资格考试真题 消防案例分析 第一题 某寒冷地区公共建筑，地下3层，地上37层，建筑高度160m，总建筑面积121000㎡，按照国家标准设置相应的消防设施。 该建筑室内消火栓系统采用消防水泵串联分区供水形式，分高、低区两个分区。消防水泵房和消防水池位于地下一层，设置低区消火栓泵2台（1用1备）和高区消火栓转输泵2台（1用1备）。中间消防水泵房和转输水箱位于地上十七层，设置高区消火栓加压泵2台（1用1备），高区消火栓加压泵控制柜与消防水泵布置在同一房间。屋顶设置高位消防水箱和稳压泵等稳压装置。低区消火栓由中间转输水箱和低区消火栓泵供水，高区消火栓由屋顶消防水箱和高区消火栓转输泵、高区消火栓加压泵联锁启动供水。 室外消防用水由市政给水管网供水。室内消火栓和自动喷水灭火系统用水由消防水池保证。室内消火栓系统的设计流量为40L/s，自动喷水灭火系统的设计流量为40L/s。 维保单位对该建筑室内消火栓系统进行检查，情况如下： （1）在地下消防水泵房对消防水池有效容积、水位、供水管等情况进行了检查。 （2）在地下消防水泵房打开低区消火栓泵试验阀，低区消火栓泵没有启动。 （3）屋顶室内消火栓系统稳压装置气压水罐有效容积为120L，无法直接识别稳压泵出水管阀门的开闭情况，深入细查发现阀门处于关闭状态，稳压泵控制柜电源未接通，当场排除故障。 （4）检查屋顶消防水箱，发现水箱内水的表面有结冰；水箱进水管管径为DN25，出水管管径为DN75； 询问消防控制室消防水箱水位情况，控制室值班人员回答无法查看。 （5）在屋顶打开试验消火栓，放水3min后测量栓口的动压，测量值为0.21MPa，消防水枪充实水柱测量值为12m；询问消防控制室有关消防水泵和稳压泵的情况，控制室值班人员回答不清楚 根据以上材料，回答下列问题（共18分，每题2分。每题的备选项中，有2个或者2个以上符合题意，至少有一个错项。错项，本题不得分；少选，所选的每项的0.5分） 1、关于该建筑消防水池，下列说法正确的有（） A. 不考虑补水时，消防水池的有效容积不应小于432m3 B. 消防控制室应能显示消防水池正常水位
《语文》课程教学设计篇三：便条和部分应用文 便条格式及范文 便条的写作格式同一般书信大致一样。通常由标题、称呼、正文、落款四部分组成。 (一)标题便条的标题是可有可无的。一般人们只在写请假条、留言条时，使用标题，即在正文上方中间写上“请假条”或“留言条”等字样。 (二)称谓称谓要求在标题下顶格写上收条子人的称呼或姓名，后加冒号。如“×××老弟：”。 (三)正文正文从下一行空两格处写起。正文内容要求将所要表达的意思、需对方办的事情全部写出来。内容写完后，可视具体情况写下“谢谢”、“敬礼”、“特此拜托”等礼貌性的话语，也可不写。 (四)落款便条的落款包括署名和写日期两项。署名写在正文右下方，署名的方式视写给的对象而定。在署名的下方还要写明具体的成文日期。 范文一 请客便条 ××兄： 本月20日是家母50岁生日，我们邀请了部分好友聚一聚，那天，无论如何，请你赏光。时间下午6点。 此致 台安！ 弟××即日 【范文二】 ××小姐： 我们单位定于明天上午邀请气功大师××作气功报告。现托小王带入场券一张，欢迎你来听听。 ×××即日 【范文三】 送物 ××兄： 家乡来人带了点土特产，现托人送上2包，请笑纳。 ××即日 【范文四】 索要 ××老兄： 你借若干元，约定上月内归还。现在已经过期了，不见掷下。想是你忘记了。如果你手头宽裕，请还我。 弟××上 ×日【范文五】 ××兄： 长久不见，原来你病了。本拟前来问候，无奈事情繁忙，不能脱身，只得在这里，遥祝仁兄早日康复。 弟××上 ××日 评析：
以上所列便条五则。第一则为请客便条；第二则是请参加报告会的便条；第三则是送物 便条；第四则为索要便条；第五则是问候便条。便条的种类是繁多的，诸如还款便条、借款 便条、借物便条、还物便条、问病病条、应邀便条、辞别便条等等。由于这种形式使用起来 极其方便，因此在人们的日常生活中它是扮演了重要角色的。一般来讲，请假条、托 事条、催索条、留言条等也都是便条中的一种。只是它们分别适用于不同的目的和范围而已。 这里所选的五则例文只是提供了一个便条写作的大概样子，读者自然可以比照着写出不同内 容的便条来。 便条像书信一样要求有称呼、正文、落款等几部分。结尾问候语又可视情况而定。标题 通常是省略的。便条一般三言两语，把事说清，有的也可视具体情况，写得稍长一些。 请假条 尊敬的老师: _________________________________原因，我需从____月____日(星期____)第____节到 第____节请假，共_____节。特恳请老师批准。 ___年级___班学生：______________ ——年——月——日 请假条 李老师： 我发烧39度，到医院看医生，医生建议我卧床休息，我特向您请假一天，望批准。此 致敬礼 附：医生证明 学生： xxx x年x月x日 留言条 例文:篇四：便条等应用文格式 便条(note)： 1. 必须包括对收条人的称谓，但熟人和朋友之间可以省去dear。 2. 必须包括留条人的签名，但可以省去yours sincerely等。 3．必须包括留便条的日期但年份可以省略。 sample: ex.: 写一张电话留言，告诉查尔斯先生， 安娜打来电话，说她明天下午离开去纽约，请他回电话。 通知(notice)： 1．必须包括notice字样，而且每个字母都应采用大写。 2．内容必须包括时间、地点、事宜和通知对象等。表达须准确，措词也要较正式。 3．必须包括写通知的个人或者单位的称谓，而且一般都放在通知的右下角。 4．必须包括写通知的日期。 sample: ex. 拟一张请体育系的学生于10月25号星期三下午1：30到系会议室听关于篮球技巧 讲座的通知。 请假条： 请假条有事假条、病假条等。请假条是由个人向组织提交的，因此文体应正规，内容须 紧凑，理由要充分，必要时，应附上证明。example 1: 篇五：应用文——便条 1.什么叫做应用文? 回答这个问题，首先要把应用文与文艺文相比较。应用文是日常工作、生产和生活中办
专四作文写作技巧——如何写好英文便条 英文书信有正式与非正式之分，英文便条为非正式书信。 TEM4( 英语专业四级考试)把写便条(note～writing)列入必考项目之一，其目的是按照((高等院校英语专业英语教学大纲>)的要求，测试英语专业学生在基础阶段末用英语书面表达思想的能力。便条成绩在TEM4笔试成绩中虽只占10%，却如同一面镜子，能反映出学生英语书面交际的能力。有关英文便条写作，国内外学者多有论述(可参见宁有权、刘永军，1999;王崇义，1995;杨俊峰，1997;Aired，Brusaw&Oliu，2000; Bates，1990)。学者们认为，便条是一种简短信函，多使用非正式语体，它的形式比一般书信简单。例如，写便条的人与收便条的人的地址、称呼中“Dear'’一词、日期中的年份以及结尾套语(complimentary close，亦称结束语)，都可以省去;便条正文篇幅可小至一、两句话。可是，~TEM4便条写作而言，并不完全像以上说的那样，它有一定的限制。 英语专业四级考试大纲EM4写便条的要求是，“根据提示写大约50-60~]的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确，语言得体。”英语专业四级考试大纲的要求其实也给TEM4便条制定了评分标准。1TEIM4便条的评分往往从格式、内容、语言、字数这四方面来考虑。因此，要想写好TEM4便条，就必须掌握TEM4便条的基本要求，注意TEM4便条写作中常见的问题，以便对症下药，充分发挥自己的英文写作水平。 一TEM4便条的基本要求 (一) 格式(format)正确TEM4便条的格式与普通英文书信格式基本相同。 具体来说，它应有日期(date)、称呼(saluwfion)、正文(body)及结尾(ending)，结尾包括结尾套语(complimentary close)和签名(signature)。 1.日期指写便条的日期。英文便条与汉语便条的日期写的地方有别，前者的日期一般写在便条的右上角，偶尔也见写在便条的左上角，而后者的日期则写在便条的右下角，即写在签名的下面。英文日期与汉语日期的写法也有不同，汉语一般先写年，然后再写月、日，而英文则一般把年份写在月、日的后面。另外，英文日期的月、日与年之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，2008年4月21日通常写成April 21，2008或April 21 st，2008;当然，由于是非正式书信，也可以去掉年份，写成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不过，这种写法，只是最近两年才被TEM4接受)，或者写成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能说明便条的有效度，没有日期，则会使人感到茫然。 2.称呼称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear开头，写在日期下一两行、留出左页边空白，顶格写。TEM4试卷中一般对写便条人与收便条人之间的关系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是写便条人，提到的另一方便是收便条人。称呼时，一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可，如Dear Susan，Dear Tom。若此人有头衔(social title)，称呼时，便要保留其头衔，例如Dr.Herce，要称DearDr.Pierce，不称DearPierce。如果提示中的另一方是以MrsWang或MrWang出现，称呼时也只需在其前加Dear便可，即称DearMrsWang或DearMrWang，若只称DearWang则视为不妥。当对方为亲属时，在Dear 后面加上表示亲属关系大写的字眼即可，如DearGrandpa，DearAunt。值得一提的是，近年来TEM4也接受不带Dear的称呼。称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号。
高考备考：高考英语作文应用文便条写法和范文 便条 便条多用于较熟的亲友、同事之间，以代替一般的私人书信及公务书信,因此便条除具有书信的一般特征外，还有某些特殊性： (1)临时性和紧迫性。便条多是临时性的通知、询问，内容大多有较紧迫的时间限制，比如通知当事人立即给某处回电话，通知医生即刻出诊等等。所以，便条大多是匆忙写在纸条上托人转交或留在某处。 (2)非正式性。便条所写的基本都是可以公开的普通事宜，而且内容大都非常简单，几句话就可以说清楚，不必采用非常的书信形式，也不用缄口。 由于便条的以上两个特征，便条在形式上具有以下特点： (1)简化书信格式。便条既不用信封，不写收信人与发信人地址，也不写结尾问候语。不详细写明年月日，而只写星期，或日月。由于时间大多发生在一两天内，常常要写明上、下午或钟点。日期可写于正文右上角或末尾署名之下，没有很严格的限制。 (2)简化称呼及签署。便条多用于相熟的朋友、同事或家人之间，称呼用语应亲切、随便，不可过于正式。如可用Mary, Dear Johnson等等。署名也可以只写姓或只写名。因为即使公务便条，也多用于同一部门，大家相互熟悉，笔迹也容易认读。 (3)语言通俗而口语化。便条形式随便，语言也应通俗。要尽量避免用大词和过分正式的句子。如尽量用：“Just a line to tell you that…”而不用“This is to inform you that…”，用“put off ”而不用“postpone”。句子的结构尽量简单。 例如： 你到一个叫李英的同学家，通知他一件事，碰巧他不在家，你给他留了张便条，内容如下： a. 明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点，因为明天你要参加劳动—植树，上午7点在校门口集合出发。
英语应用文写作之便条写法 基本写作格式 便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名样例 欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。 April 19, 2012 Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows: A copy of EnglishHistory and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin A copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen. Wu Zhuo For the Office of Social Science Department 留言；用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。 Tuesday Dear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I’m very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. I’m sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel? Yours always, Jiayang 请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。 Jan. 10th Dear Ms. Jiang, I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover. Yours respectfully, Tian Ye
2016年案例分析真题 xx年案例分析真题 第一题(20分) 某实验室建有S型热电偶标准装置(U＝0.6℃，k=2).按照溯源计划，其主标准器标准热电偶温度计(温度计A)每年1月份送上一级计量技术机构检定.xx年1月8日出具的温度计A的检定证书显示其在800℃的测得值为800.2℃.实验室用S型热电偶温度计(温度计B)作为核查标准，每2个月在800℃点对此标准装置进行期间核查.核查时，同时读取放在同一恒温槽中的两支温度计的示值tA和tB，将其差值填入核查记录表，具体数据如下表. 序号123456 测量日期 xx.01.10 xx.03.07 xx.05.06 xx.07.08 xx.09.07 xx. 11.05 测得值 (tB-tA)℃ 0.63 0.61 0.78 0.93 0.82 0.98 0.68 0.62 0.67 0.68 0.78 0.87 0.57 0.68 0.69 0.59 0.90 0.77 0.51 0.57 0.89 0.67 0.85 0.81 0.62 0.73 0.76 0.71 0.78 0.72 0.42 0.69 0.59 0.73 0.83 0.79 0.47 0.61 0.69 0.62 0.79 0.69 0.34 0.68 0.73 0.68 0.98 0.78 0.55 0.76 0.89 0.57 0.91 0.73 0.43 0.68 0.87 0.89 0.99 0.96 平均值问题： 1.计算温度计B在800℃时的修正值，写出计算过程. 2. 计算平均值和，并将数据填入表格.(在答题卡上填写)
3. 根据核查数据绘制S型热电偶标准装置的期间核查曲线.(在答题卡上绘制) 4. 判断核查结果是否合格，并说明理由. 答: 1.共6次测量,=0.522℃,=0.663℃,=0.756℃,=0.707℃, =0.863℃,=0.810℃ =(0.552+0.663+0.756+0.707+0.863+0.810)/6=0.720℃, 参考值为800.2℃,所以=0.720-0.2=0.520℃,所以温度计B在800℃时的修正值为-0.52℃. 2. 序号123456 测量日期 xx.01.10 xx.0 3.07 xx.05.06 xx.07.08 xx.09.07 xx. 11.05 测得值 (tB-tA)℃ 0.63 0.61 0.78 0.93 0.82 0.98 0.68 0.62 0.67 0.68 0.78 0.87 0.57 0.68 0.69 0.59 0.90 0.77 0.51 0.57 0.89 0.67 0.85 0.81 0.62 0.73 0.76 0.71 0.78 0.72 0.42 0.69 0.59 0.73 0.83 0.79 0.47 0.61 0.69 0.62 0.79 0.69 0.34 0.68 0.73 0.68 0.98 0.78 0.55 0.76 0.89 0.57 0.91 0.73 0.43 0.68 0.87 0.89 0.99 0.96 平均值800.522800.663800.756800.707800.863800.810 / 0.141 0.09 30.053 3. 示值 800.863800.8℃800.756800.810800.522800.663800.707 参考值800.2℃ 时间7 99.6℃
英语便条写作范例 1）请假（Asking for Leave） 例1 Directions: You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 60 wor ds. Please describe this information clearly. 1) the reason you ask for the leave 2) the time and how long you will leave Aug. 22nd Secretary Li, I‘m sorry to apply for ten days’leave from the Aug. 23rd to sep., 3rd instantly, as the time is urgent. My father now i n the hospital is badly ill and I have to take care of him for a fe w days, for I’m the only child in my family. I will show you the te legram about my father’s illness to support my application. I promi se I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come ba ck. Wish for your allowance. Yours respectfully , ××× 或： 例2 Aug. 22nd Dear Mr Li, I'm very sorry to tell you that I can't attend school today becauseof a bad cold. I enclose the doctor's certificate(证明) and ask you for three days sick leave. Yours, Li Ming
2016年造价工程师《案例分析》真题及答案 试题一：（20分） 某企业拟于某城市新建一个工业项目，该项目可行性研究相关基础数据下: 1.拟建项目占地面积30亩，建筑面积11000㎡。其项目设计标准、规模与该企业2年前在另一城市修建的同类项目相同。已建同类项目的单位建筑工程费用为1600元/㎡，建筑工程的综合用工量为4.5工日/㎡，综合工日单价为80元/工日，建筑工程费用中的材料费占比为50%，机械使用费占比为8%，考虑地区和交易时间差异，拟建项目的综合工日单价为100元/工日，材料费修正系数为1.1，机械使用费的修正系数为1.05，人材机以外的其它费用修正系数为1.08. 根据市场询价，该拟建项目设备投资估算为2000万元，设备安装工程费用为设备投资的15%。项目土地相关费用按20万元/亩计算，除土地外的工程建设其他费用为项目建安工程费用的15%，项目的基本预备费率为5%，不考虑价差预备费。 2.项目建设期1年，运营期10年，建设投资全部形成固定资产。固定资产使用年限为10年，残值率为5%，直线法折旧。 3.项目运营期第1年投入自有资金200万元作为运营期的流动资金。 4.项目正常年份年销售收入为1560万元，营业税金及附加税率为6%，项目正常年份年经营成本为400万元。项目运营期第1年产量为设计产量的85%，运营期第2年及以后各年均达到设计产量。运营期第1年的销售收入、经营成本均为正常年份的85%，企业所得税税率为25%。 问题： 1.列式计算拟建项目的建设投资。 2.若该项目的建设投资为5500万元，建筑投资来源为自有资金和贷款，贷款为3000万元，贷款年利率为7.2%（按月计息），约定的还款方式为运营期前5年等额还本，利息照付方式。分期列式计算项目运营期第1年，第2年的总成本费用和净利润以及运营期第2年年末的项目累计盈余资金，（不考虑企业公积金，公益金提取及投资者股利分配）（计算结果保留两位小数） 参考答案： 问题1：
英语便条写作的格式句型以及范文 May 20th Dear Tom, ``````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` ``````````````正文`````````````````````````````````````````` ``````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` ` Yours Sincerely, Kate ############################################################################### May 20th Dear Tom, ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````正文``````````````````````````````````````````` Yours Sincerely, Kate 时间日期 称谓：正式或非正式（是否全名，是否不知道对方名称） 分段不需要空格，直接空行 署名的正式性应该和对方称谓一致 此处使用逗号 此处使用逗号 Truthfully, respectfully,
约请(Invitation) Directions: You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice. Write a note to her and say: 1) the time of the show, 2) the place where you will wait for her You should write about 60 words. ?诚挚邀请对方参加某活动 ?介绍活动的内容、时间、地点，相关内容 ?再次发出邀请或者期待对方回复 开头用语 ①Will you do us the favor of joining our party? ②May I take this opportunity to invite you to our university to give a lecture? ③If you have no other plans for Monday，May 15th，will you come to our party at my home? ④I hope you will give me the pleasure of your company on the occasion of a dinner with a few friends next Saturday，the 16th this month，at 6 o’clock. ⑤I am extending to you our formal invitation to... ⑥It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to attend the meeting. ⑦It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to visit this exhibition. ⑧Will you give the pleasure of dining with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday，October the tenth，at eight o’clock p.m.? 结束用语 ①We would be very pleased if you could honor us with your company. Anticipating your reply. ②I hope you won’t decline my invitation. ③We hope you can come and look forward to seeing you later. ④We are anticipating your reply. ⑤Awaiting an early acceptance of our cordial invitation and with kind regards. Sunday Dear Alice, Here is a piece of good news for you. The Russian National Ballet Troupe will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it and I leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not. Yours sincerely, ×××