1 P75历史业已证明，人类对于资源的认识、开发和利用，以及利用资源制造生产工具的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。
It has been proved through out the history that human’s recognition, exploitation, and utilization of the resources as well as the ability to make production tools not only are important indicators of development level social productive force, but also, to some extent, determine the basic structure and development formation of a certain society.
2 P75人的一生经历无数次选择，即无数次机会的把握。正确的选择可以造就生命中灿烂的前程，错误的选择可以毁掉生活的梦想而感受遗憾的苦果。选择需要高深的思维功底，选择需要切合实际的判断能力，选择需要谨慎的态度，选择需要果断的决断，选择需要充裕的时间。
People was experienced many choices through their whole life, that is, the numerous opportunities to grasp. The right choice in life can lead to a bright future; but the wrong choice can ruin lives and the dream of feeling the bitter fruit of regret. Require higher thinking skills and realistic ability to judge with cautions, the need to choose the decisive decision to choose needs plenty of time.
3 P79As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.
Professional literature have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and crystallization of human civilization.
4 P89商标通常是销售或厂家的一种有价财产，因为它一方面象征着经销公司的声望，另一方面又是产品及服务的标志。因此，当某一公司及其资产被出售时，其商标既可以出售，又可以转让他人。只要具有有效的质量监控措施，商标亦可特许他人使用。绝大多数快餐店，如肯德基炸鸡或其他一些特许经营者，只要得到总公司的许可，都可使用总公司的商标。
Trademark, usually traded as an valuable property of sellers or manufactures, because, on the one hand, trademark was regarded as the prestige of dealer, on the other hand, as the indicator of products and services. So when a company and its assets are on sale, its trademark not only could be sold, but also be made over. As long as effective measures of quality control exist, the trademark can also be used by others with authority. The majority of snack bar, such as Kentucky Fried
Chicken or some other franchise, as long as getting the permission from the head company, can use its trademark.
5 P91Copyright, body of legal rights that protect creative works from being reproduced, performed, displayed, or disseminated by others without permission. The owner of copyright has the exclusive right to reproduce a protected work; to prepare other works based on the protected work; to sell, rent, or lend copies of the protected work to the public; to perform protected works in public; and to display copyrighted works publicly. These basic exclusive rights of copyright owners are subject to exceptions depending on the type of work and the type of use made by others.
The term work used in copyright law refers to any original creation of authorship fixed in a tangible medium. Thus, works that can be protected by copyright include literary pieces, music compositions, dramatic selections, dances, photographs, drawings, paintings, sculptures, diagrams, advertisements, maps, motion pictures, radio and television programs, sound recordings, and computer software programs.
Copyright does not protect an idea or concept; it only protects the way in which an author has expressed an idea or concept. If, for example, a scientist publishes an article explaining a new process for making a medicine, the copyright prevents others from copying the article, but it does not prevent anyone from using the process described to prepare the medicine. In order to protect the process, the scientist must obtain a patent.
版权是一种合法的权利,旨在保护创造性作品在未得到允许的情况下不得加以复制,演出,展出或传播.版权拥有者具有这样一些专用权:复制受版权保护的作品;根据受版权保护的作品制作其他作品;将保护作品的拷贝出售,出租或借给公众使用;在公众场合演出以及公开展出受版权保护的作品.版权拥有者的以上种种基本专利权也有例外的情况,这往往要根据作品的种类以及他人怎样使用作品而定.
版权法中"作品"一词指的是以固定形式存在于有形媒介的原作者的创作物.这样,能受版权保护的作品就包括文学作品,音乐作品,戏剧选集,舞蹈,照片,绘画,雕刻,图形,广告,地图,电台和电视节目,录音以及计算机软件程序等.
版权不保护某种想法或概念,只对作者所表达想法或概念的方法加以保护.例如,要是某科学家发表了一篇文章,阐述生产某种药品的制作过程,那么版权可以阻止他人抄袭该文章,但不能制止任何人用上述过程配备药品.要想保护上述制作过程,该科学家就必须获得专利.
6 P91版权是一种无形资产。正如其字面所示，它所拥有的是一种权利。这种权利包括两个方面，即复制权和对复制权的使用控制。版权是对作品创造者实行的一种法律保护。最初仅限于对书籍方面，而今已扩大到对各种杂志、报纸、地图、戏剧、电影、电视节目、电脑软件、绘画、图片、雕塑、音乐作品、舞蹈动作设计等类作品的保护。实质上，版权保护的是知识或艺术财产。
版权这种财产与众不同，因为它旨在为公众所利用，为公众所享受。如果一个读者买一本版权受保护的书，这本书就归其所有。但是如果他将此书复制或散发，那便属违法，因为这种权利属出版商、作者或拥有其版权的人所有。
The copyright is a kind of immaterial assets. Positive if its typeface shows, what it own is a kind of right. This kind of right includes two aspects, then replication power with to usage control that replication power. Copyright is to work a kind of law protection that creator practice .Be limited by at the beginning and only to the book aspect, have extended now then to every kind of magazine, newspaper, map, drama, movie, television program, computer software, painting, picture, carve, music work, dance the protection of action design etc. a work. Substantially, the copyright protective is knowledge or art properties.
Copyright this kind of property out of the ordinary, because of its aim at for public an exploitation, enjoy for the public. If a reader buys a copyright suffers the protective book, this book return its all. But if he this book replication or send forth, belong to break the law then it, because this kind of right belongs to publish the company, author or own the person of its copyright all.
7 P98从法律上讲，合同是一种对签约双方都具有约束力的协议。合同的要点如下1、双方同意；2、一种合法的补偿，在大多数情况下不一定是金钱；3、签约双方均具有合法的签约能力；4、不具有欺诈和威胁性；5、签约主题不得具有非法性或违反公共准则。一般来说，合同既可以是口头的，也可以是书面的。不过，未来便于执行起见，有些合同必须采用书面形式，并需签字。这些合同包括不动产的出售和转让合同，对执行计划失败、拖欠债务或对他人的违约作出保证、负责赔偿的合同，等等。
In law, a contract is an agreement binding all the signatories, after the following principles:
(1) Universal agreement by all the parties involved;
(2) Legal compensation for infringement, mostly in money;
(3) Each party should have the legal power to sign the contract;
(4) No fraud or coercion is involved;
(5) The subject of the agreement should not be against any law or public rules.
A contract can either be oral or in writing. To facilitate their execution, some contracts must be reached in writing and with signatures, including: The contract on real estate’s sale or transfer; The contract guaranteeing a plan’s execution, a debt’s repayment, or a signatory’s following the agreement, as well as being liable for compensation if such guarantees fail.
8 P113本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题,探讨了以翻译规律来规范对外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性,提出了基本规律和特殊规律。本文指出,对外经济法规汉英翻译必须遵循建立在服从法律英语的语言特点和表达规律基础上的对外经济法规翻译规律。这些规律都是通过分析法规译文中的典型错误,结合国内外翻译理论进行总结归纳才提出的,对经济法规的翻译实践有重要的指导意义。
In view of some obvious errors in the translation of currentChina’s foreign economic laws and rules, this paper probes into possibility of governing the C- E translation of those documents with a set of basic and specific principles proposed. It also points out that translators of economic laws and rules should, if they want to do a good job, follow the particular principles based on the syntactic features and styles of legal English. These principles, proposed after the analysis of many translation errors, and the induction of relevant domestic and foreign translation theories, are somewhat a guideline to the translation of such documents.
9 P116本刊只接受全部用英文写成的稿件。来稿在4000字左右为宜。论文必须另页附200字以内中文摘要、100词以内英文摘要和不少于3个的主题词。正文格式应符合以下要求：1、英文12磅字体；2、双倍行距；3、左右两边空白各不少于3.5厘米；书目采用美国心理学学会（APA）论文格式。
Only the articles in all English can be received by our magazine, the suitable word number is about 4000. Your article should be accompanied by Chinese extracts within 200 words, English extracts within 100 words and subject terms no less than 3 words in another page. The format of the text should meet the below requirement: 1 English font sizes of 12 pound；2、double space；3、the blank space no less than 3.5cm in both the right and left sides respectively；using the essay of APA format。
学术英语
1专业论文分类（Classification of professional papers）
Report paper; Research paper; Course Paper; Thesis paper
2专业论文写作方法（Ways of preparing professional papers）
Searching for good ideas; finding topics; considering audience and purpose; moving from brainstorm to drafting; editing and refining
3文章题目
要求（Writing requirements）Be brief and concise; be specific; avoid question titles; be unified; be standard
功能（functions）generalizing the text; attracting the reader; facilitating the retrieval
4关键词Keywords
Functions: easiness of retrieval; easiness of highlighting
个数numbers: four to six keywords are the average. In general, there should be at least 2 and at most 8.
5摘要
功能（functions）miniaturizing the text; deciding “Yes” or “No”; Expanding the circulation
3part structure: Topic sentence; supporting sentence; concluding sentence
写作要求：Integrity; Conciseness; Consistency; Concentration
5 steps: Underlining key words and sentences; Listing essential points of the paper; Boiling down each section to a sentence or two; Drafting the abstract ; Checking the final draft
6 5A strategy: background; main topic; specific investigation; result and suggestion; conclusion and contribution
6概述（Introduction）
功能：functions: introducing the subject; limiting the research scope; stating the general purpose; showing the writing arrangement
结构特征Structural features: starting with the research background; （Over the past decades）
Transiting to the existing problem; (Great process has been made in this field but)
Focusing on the present research; (The present work deals mainly with)
7结论（Conclusion）
主要功能和主要元素（General Functions and Main Elements）：summing up; statements of conclusions; statements of recommendations; graceful termination
8杂志分类（Classification of professional journals）:Journal; Acta; Bulletin, Circular or Gazette; Rapid Communication/letters; Review; Proceedings
9会议分类：Meeting; Conference; Symposium; Congress; Convention; Forum; Seminar
10作者和编辑信件：Letters fro Inquiry; Letters for Invitation; Letters for Acceptance of Invitation; Letters for Declination of Invitation; Financial Application; Cover Letters; Post-conference Correspondence: Letter of Thanks
CUMTB 2011-01-06 doctor examination
Part V English to Chinese
1 Professional literature have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and crystallization of human civilization.
1 本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题,探讨了以翻译规律来规范对
外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性,提出了基本规律和特殊规律。本文指出,对外经济法规汉英
翻译必须遵循建立在服从法律英语的语言特点和表达规律基础上的对外经济法规翻译规
律。这些规律都是通过分析法规译文中的典型错误,结合国内外翻译理论进行总结归纳才提出的,对经济法规的翻译实践有重要的指导意义。
In view of some obvious errors in the translation of current China’s foreign economic laws and rules, this paper probes into possibility of governing the C- E translation of those documents with a set of basic and specific principles proposed. It also points out that translators of economic laws and rules should, if they want to do a good job, follow the particular principles based on the syntactic features and styles of legal English. These principles, proposed after the analysis of many translation errors, and the induction of relevant domestic and foreign translation theories, are somewhat a guideline to the translation of such documents.
2 矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,是人类社会发展的重要物质基础.中国是世界上最
早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一. 过去50年,中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就.这为中国经济的持续,快速,健康发展提供了重要保障.
Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy.
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
Translation 以下为2010年6月份真题： A California bank has an opening for a government relations officer. As an officer of a new, growing department, you will act as the bank’s liaison(联络人) with government officials. The successful candidate will have up to four yea rs’ experience in government relations or public affairs. Strong writing and verbal(口头) skills are essential. College degree required. Banking experience preferred. 加利福尼亚银行现招聘一政府关系主任。作为一个新的成长中的部门的办公人员，该职位职责是负责联络政府官员。成功的应聘者要有长达四年的在政府关系或公共事务方面的工作经验，应有较强的书面和口头表达能力。要求大学专科学历，有银行工作经验者优先。 The Bodleian（博得雷利）Library is the main research library of the University of Oxford（牛津）. It is one of the six national copyright libraries and, as the founder of the library intended, it is a resource that attracts scholars and visitors to Oxford from around the world. Today the Bodleian Library has 30 reading rooms -- with 2,663 reader places -- in ten buildings in central Oxford. The library is granted the right to receive a copy of every book, magazine and newspaper printed in Britain. 博得雷利图书馆是牛津大学主要的研究型图书馆，是六大获得国家版权的图书馆之一，正如该图书馆的创办者所预期的那样，它是吸引世界各地学者和游客来牛津大学的重要原因。如今，博得雷利图书馆在牛津大学中心的十座大楼里拥有30间阅览室，能容纳2663名读者。该图书馆已被授权收藏英国各地印刷出的所有书籍、杂志和报纸的副本。 In this difficult economy, you may find it harder than ever to cope with challenges on the job. Both the stress we take with us when we go to work and the stress that awaits us on the job are on the rise – and employers, managers, and workers all feel the added pressure. While some stress is a normal part of life, excessive stress interferes with your productivity and reduces your physical and mental health, so it’s important to find ways to keep it under control. Fortunately, there is a lot that you can do to adjust and reduce stress at work. 在这经济困难时期，你可能会发现，比起以往现在更加难以应付工作中的挑战了。去上班时的压力以及工作中随时会出现的压力正在增加-——上至老板，经理，下至员工都感受到了这种额外的压力。一些压力是我们生活中的正常一部分，然而, 过度的压力会影响你的工作效率，损害你的身心健康。因此，找到控制压力的方法就很重要了。庆幸的是，你还是可以找到很多方法来调节和减轻工作压力。 Dialing Instructions to call from China toll free (免费): 1. Dial 010-5263-2483, then hang up after hearing a ring. 2. Our system will call you back within 5 to 10 seconds. 3. When the phone rings, pick it up; 4. Follow the voice prompt (语音提示) to enter your PIN (个人密码). Then dial your number. To call to USA/Canada: Dial 1 + area code + telephone number International call: Dial 011 + Country Code + City Code + Telephone number Please note: This card will only work from a cell phone. 中国免费国际电话拨打指南： 1.拨010-5263-2483，听到铃音后请挂断电话。 2.我们的系统会在5到10秒内给予答复。
大学英语四级考试翻译的答题要点 翻译作为语言听、说、读、写、译五大能力之一，新大纲就六级阶段的要求提出，学生应“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确、译文达意，译速为每小时350个英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时300个汉字。”英译汉是 1996年大学英语考试委员会公布的第一批新题型中的一类，属主观题，该题型从属于阅读理解部分，从阅读理解的四篇短文中选取5个片断，大部分是一个较长、较复杂的句子，但有时也有2-3个句子组成的一个段落或片断。要求考生在15分钟内将该5题译成汉语，占分10%，每题2分。根据指令提示，翻译时还可回到前面参阅所译句子的有关上下文。 两种语言的对译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，这是翻译题评分的基本原则。“信”即忠实于原文；“达”即达意，即译文与原文的语义上的一致或等同，这是评分的重要原则，考生是否理解了原文，是否忠实于原文，都要根据译文的内容来作评判，所以“达”是根本。考试意义上的翻译对“雅”的要求不同于文学翻译，要求并不太高，只是译文应通顺流畅，符合译文语言的表达习惯。 一、英译汉样题、参考答案及评分标准 英译汉题型有详细、具体的评分标准，每道题的2分被统一细化为四个0.5分，三个0.5用以判给题中的三个语言点，即每题就语言而言有三个得分点，一个0.5分判给整句译文的语言结构是否通顺流畅、符合汉语习惯。 二、答题要点与真题解析 英译汉必须以理解原文为前提，而短文中句子或段落片段的翻译还必须基于对原文上下文的理解，所以英译汉试题解题的第一要点是: 正确理解短文，精确理解所译部分，准确分析该部分的句法结构和表意逻辑关系。要将一道英译汉题做好，必须精确地理解所需翻译的那部分句子，而精确的理解必须以正确理解短文为前提，有时还须准确地对有关句子的结构作语法分析，同时，还必须理清该部分在语意方面有几个层次及各层次间的先后关系。 在准确理解原文后，要注意正确、恰当地用汉语将原文各层次的语意以与原来相同的先后关系表达出来，这又需要了解一些译文处理技巧，要不然，在英语的影响下，你的译文形似汉语，读起来仍“洋味十足”。所以解答汉译英的第二要点是: 学会用符合习惯的标准汉语表述原文。几种在翻译中经常用到的避免英式汉语的方法是: （1）拆译法。选作英译汉试题的英语句子通常都较复杂，往往从句套从句，翻成译语要把这些从句拆开，翻成一句句相对独立的汉语句子——这么做使理清各语意层次的先后关系显得非常重要。 （2）合译法。英语中定语从句、同位语从句及用作定语的介词短语、分词短语和不定短语常后置在名词中心词之后，翻译时有时需要将这些后置修饰语合并到名词中心词的前置定语之中。 （3）重组法。英语句子结构越复杂，与以短句为特点的汉语表达习惯的差距越大，这时需要采用重组概念，改变一种角度，对原文各层次的语意进行重组，以恰到好处、通顺地道的汉语正确表达原文的信息。 根据英译汉评分标准，每道题有四个得分点，所以在英译汉答题时，还要注意第三点: 分析原文各题的得分点，重点理解，重点表达。从样题及历年英译汉真题实例中，我们发现，得分点一般都是一些特定的短语、句式或与短文要点密切相关的重要词语。对于原文中的这些语言点，考生必须结合上下文反复琢磨，求得理解上的准确，而后通过上面介绍的几种翻译处理技巧，恰当地将它们用汉语表达出来。 以下是英译汉真题实例解析。
博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文 KEY TO THE EXERCISES Unit One Science Text 1 Can We Really Understand Matter? I. Vocabulary 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C II. Definition 1. A priority 2. Momentum 3. An implication 4. Polarization 5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km. 6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth 7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energies III. Mosaic 1. The stress: (Omitted) Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one. 2. molecule 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A IV. Translation A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation) B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfully developed in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-matter. They are the ―destruction‖ phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter. V. Grouping A.Uncertainty: what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious way B.Contrast: more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly well C. Applications of Quantum mechanics: the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes 1. probabilities 2. illusory 3. discourage 4. scrutiny VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing (Omitted) WRITING?STRATEGY?DEFINITION I. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries. 1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions of power) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay attention to the translation of the blackened parts (if any). 1.He made sincere apologies to each of the teachers. 译文：他向每个老师致以诚挚的歉意。 2.“Impossible” is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools. 译文：只有在傻子的字典里才有“不可能”这个词。 3.We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it. 译文：我们不创造幸福就无权享受幸福，就像不创造财富就无权享用财富一样。 4.Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely, if ever, do they forgive them. 译文：孩子们都是开始时爱父母，后来开始评价父母，但几乎不会原谅父母。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c618103190.html,ter, Churchill told me that such hesitations were really rare. 译文：后来，丘吉尔告诉我，这种犹豫确实是很少见的。 6.Then I thanked my host and walked down the broad lawn, back to the meadow and the sparkling brook, where I lay on the grass and fell into a sweet sleep. 译文：接着我向主人道了谢径直走向宽阔的草坪，回到了水波闪闪的小溪边，我躺在溪边的草地上进入了甜美的梦乡。 7.Lenin stressed that it is precisely the people who create history. 译文：列宁强调说正是人民创造了历史。 8.It was for your benefit that we decided to return. 译文：是为了你的利益我们才决定返回的。 9.She was sweet and amiable and kindly again. 译文：她是那样的甜美和和蔼可亲。 10.Such news was no joke. 译文：这种消息并没有开玩笑。 11.Her sighs made it clear she was unhappy. 译文：她的唉声叹气清楚的表明了她是不高兴的。 12.Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. 译文：人人都会有糊涂的时候，但不会总是糊涂的。 13.Trust not a new friend nor an old enemy. 译文：不轻信新知，也不轻信宿敌。 14.He stood watching her go down the street with a slow, self-satisfied sway of her body. 译文：他站着看着她慢慢的而又自满的摇摆着身子走向了街道。
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语翻译试卷 课程代码：00087 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上 Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points for each) A.Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.(Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.) 1.If machines really thought as men do, there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men. A.如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么怕它们的理由就没有比怕人的理由多。 B.如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么就没有理由怕它们，正如没有理由怕人一样。 C.如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么怕人的理由就没有比怕它们的理由多。 D.如果机器真的像人一样思维，那么就没有理由怕人，正如没有理由怕它们一样。 2.James Bringley of Straffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working atmill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born poor in a village. A.1733年，斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷就在磨坊工作。因为他出身于一个贫困的农村家 庭，17岁那年，他便开始了自我奋斗的历程。 B.斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷1733年就开始了自我奋斗的历程。因为出生在一个贫困的 农村家庭，17岁那年，他就在磨坊工作。 C.斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷，出生在一个贫困的农村家庭，1733年，在他17岁时， 靠改良磨坊的水车轮，便开始了自我奋斗的历程。 D.1733年，斯塔福郡的詹姆斯·布林德雷，在他17岁时，靠改良磨坊的水车轮，便开始 了自我奋斗的历程，他出生在一个贫困的农村家庭。 3.Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. A.然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于科学的两个不同方面。 B.然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于两个不同的科学方面。 C.然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于不同科学的两个方面。 D.然而，很多人相信，我们的进步有赖于不同的两个科学方面。 1 / 7
英语翻译考试答题技巧 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
翻译——英译汉 对于翻译部分,建议大家在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象,仔细分析一些翻译实例,总结出一些规律性的东西,再加以必要的练习,一定能够提高自己的翻译水平。 (一词性转换 词性转换是英汉翻译过程中经常用到的情况。虽然英语和汉语的词性大多能重合,可以直接相互转换,但是,在英语句子中可以充当某个成分的词性相对较少,比如说,英语中充当主语的只有名词、代词或者相当于名词的动名词和不定式,充当谓语的只有动词;而在汉语句子中,名词、动词、形容词都可以做主语、谓语、宾语和表语。因此翻译时要灵活处理,不能一味拘泥于某些词汇在原文的词性,必要时应该采取词性转换的方法,将原词性进行适当的转换。这样翻译出来的句子才能流畅,表意确切。 (二词义引申 英语单词在不同的场合和搭配中,词义有时差别很大。如果把某些英语单词或词组按词典上的意义直译过来,就会使译文晦涩生硬,不易理解,甚至还可能引起误解。因此在翻译时,要在弄清原文意思的基础上,根据上下文和逻辑关系,并且按照汉语习惯选择适当词义加以引申。引申就是在翻译时将词义加以深化,产生新义,以确切表达原文含义。 (三增减词 英译汉过程中必须遵循的一项原则是:忠于原文。译者不能对原作者的意思加以更改,任意增加或减少内容。但是,这并不意味着译文的字数不能有任何增减,因为没有两种语言是完全对等的,尤其英汉两种语言在表达方式上差异较大。译者常常需要从全局考虑,进行必要的文字调整,使其符合汉语的习惯表达方式。在不影响原句意思表达的情况下,可以按照意境、修辞或句法的具体需要,增加或减少词语,使句子自然、流利、通畅。英译汉时增加必要的词语,省略不必要的词语,这就是增减词语的技巧。 (四正说反译和反说正译
汉译英 一、P91 ~当今社会，选择的观念无孔不入，种种选择会导致人们越发感到焦虑不安和力不从心。总有人向我们灌输这样的理念：我们可以选择自己的生活方式，可以选择自己的身材，甚至可以选择子女的未来。我们因为这种无所不能的虚假承诺而洋洋得意，同时却忘记了自己做出的选择往往并不理智——要么受到社会认同的影响，要么受到自己内心无意识动机的影响。 The ideology of choice is all-pervasive in today's society, and has contributed to growing feelings of anxiety and inadequacy among consumers. We’re told that we can choose the type of life we live, the type of body we have, even the way our kids will turn out. But while we bask in the false promise of mastery, we forget that the choices we make are often irrational –either linked to socially acceptable, or our own unconscious motives. 二、(P102:4)鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权：鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品的目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可证权利；鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下属商标：双方兹就下列内容达成一致： Whereas Party A possesses proprietary technical information includi-ng designs, techniques, process,formulas, skills and other data useful in the contract products’ production and sales; and Whereas Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing, using and selling such products; and Whereas Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by Party A. Now Therefore, the parties hereby agree as follows:
Unit1 1. 背离传统需要极大的勇气。(departure, enormous) {It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.} 2. 汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。(performance, bold) {Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.} 3. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (creative, desirable) {Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.} 4. 假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？(worthwhile) {Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it's worthwhile to buy / purchase it?} 5. 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。(throw light on , investigate, valid) {If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.} Unit2 1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。(deny, commercial) {The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.} 2) 每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。(stammer) {Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.} 3) 教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。(cherish) {Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.} 4) 手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。(shortly after, go through) {Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.} 5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。(affluent, minimal) {In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.} Unit3 1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？(proof) {Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?} 2) 计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。(location, narrow down) {The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.} 3) 任何一个有尊严的人都不会一辈子依靠社会救济过活。(welfare)
1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41．She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday． 她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了。 45．He used tO play basketball every Sunday．他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41．Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42．I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感 43．He got on well with his classmates． 他和同学关系处得很好 44．He used tO work very hard when he was youn9． 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45．My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying my own flat．我现在跟家人住在一起，但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41．He got on well with his sister． 他和他的姐／妹相处得很好 44．That box is too heavy for her to carry home．那个盒子太重了，她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗？ 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票，她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了，我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。 孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。【英文】 A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult. 'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'
2016中国矿业大学英语语言文学考研经验 今天收拾东西，清理考研战场，看着那一摞摞的“书山”，想起几个月前的拼搏，终于还是决定要写点什么，希望能给由于各种原因选择考矿大英语语言文学专业的朋友们提供一点帮助，使他们少走一点弯路。顺便，为我们专业刷点存在感。 首先晒晒初试分：政治72，德语（二外）95，基础英语112，专业英语（英美文学）132，总分411 下面先说说择校，再谈初试经验，复试嘛，个人认为，只要初试考好了，基本没有问题。 一、择校相关 报考矿大的挑战性 可能许多朋友选择矿大是因为感觉它比较好考，确实，从报录比上看竞争是没有一些文科强势的高校激烈。但从试卷上看，真的没有大多数人以为的那样容易，有些地方甚至非常有挑战性。 比如，基础英语题型是：一篇改错，四篇阅读选择题，20题英美文化选择和判断正误（某年出过填空），几题判断修辞题，还有4-5题翻译理论简答题，然后是英汉互译，每篇三四百字，最后还有一篇五六百字的作文。简答、翻译、写作都是要大量写字的，耗时都不低，但考试时间只有两个小时，写得慢的话光简答就差不多半小时下去了，更别提前面还有阅读理解。 我是第二次考研。之前看过大多数高校能找到的试卷，除了矿大，就没有把翻译和写作弄到一张试卷上折磨人的。（写作是500字哦。） 再比如，专业英语（文学）最主要的题目是选段评论，做过这种题型的朋友们都知道吧，它是非常考基础考水平的。好在选段下面会给出作者和出处。 拿我自己来说，去年我曾经历过一次考研失败，考的是魔都某校，调剂很辛酸，当然也失败了。在继续考研和稳定下来工作之间犹豫良久，最终还是因为不甘心坚持了。现在想想，那一年虽然失败，确实让我积累了许多经验教训，专业上也打下了基础，不然今年初试，尤其是文学肯定考不了这么好。 所以如果选择矿大，消减了一些心理负担的同时，也必须做好准备，踏踏实实的学习，否则，是绝不可能考上的。（除非英语基础文学基础二外基础都非常非常好，不过如果那样的话，您确定不考上外么？） 难度问题讲完了，下面说说报考矿大的优势吧。 第一，基础英语除了10分的改错，没有其他语法、搭配、词汇等基础题，主考能力和参考书上的内容。非常适合英语基础不好，但强于阅读翻译，或者有决心有毅力拼搏几个月的朋友。反观某些文科强势的高校（以上外为例），其基础英语对语法搭配词汇等等的考查深度，真心不是半年的突击所能搞定的。 第二，复试非常公平，非常良心，良心到基本不改变初试排名。老师们都特别和蔼可亲。刷的人也很少。我是那种经常面试崩的人，口语也不太好，本以为总分排名肯定会下滑的，没想到保持原样了。 第三，同学们都很优秀。这次统考进入复试12人，考到四百分以上或略低于四百的就有四五个。 第四，所有的自主出题的试卷都能买到。在矿大文昌校区研究生院后面的小山坡上（先到研究生院上二楼，从后门出去就到了）有一家打印社。 第五，徐州消费水平低算不算？ 总之，欢迎优秀学子踊跃报考矿大哦。