第四讲 名词性从句

第四讲名词性从句

[思维导图]

Ⅰ.主语及主语从句

一、主语

1．概念：在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。

2．充当主语的词、短语和句子：名词、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。

The patient’s family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)

病人的家人写信为筹集到的资金向媒体表示感谢。

Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)

学习英语很重要。

二、主语从句

1．that引导的主语从句

(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.

众所周知，地球围着太阳转。

(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：

►It＋be＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，

clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句

It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.

我不可能接受像那样的帮助。

►It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句

It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.

难怪他不想去。

►It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well－known，announced等)＋that 从句

It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.

会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。

[名师指津] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。

To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should)practice with Chinese people.(四川高考书面表达)

为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。

►It＋特殊动词或短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，turn out，occur to，make no difference等)＋that从句

It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.

她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。

2．whether/if引导的主语从句

主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。

Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.

我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.

他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。

3．wh－类连接词引导的主语从句

wh－类连接词包括连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever等)和连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等)。

What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。

Ⅱ.宾语与宾语从句

一、宾语

1．概念：宾语表示谓语动作的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。

2．充当宾语的词、短语或句子：一般由名词、宾格代词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或从句充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。

3．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)

Mr.Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.(him为间接宾语；advice为直接宾语)

史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作给他提了许多有价值的建议。

4．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)

Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.

(us为宾语；to pay more attention...regular examinations为宾语补足语)

医生经常建议我们多注意饮食和心理健康并定期检查。

二、宾语从句

1．that引导的宾语从句

that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：

(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。

I don’t know exactly where he lives，except that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.

他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。

(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。

He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.