GMAT阅读学科分类词汇
1地理类
geography[d?i'?ɡr?fi]地理学
geographer 地理学家
hemisphere ['hemi,sfi?]半球
meridian[m?'ridi?n]子午线；经线
parallel ['p?r?lel]平行圈；纬线
latitude ['l?titju:d]纬度
longitude ['l?nd?itju:d]经度
elevation [,eli'vei??n] 海拔
altitude ['?ltitju:d] 高度
temperate latitudes 温带地区
horizon [h?'raiz?n]地平线
equator [i'kweit?]赤道
tropics ['tr?piks]热带地区
Arctic ['ɑ:ktik] 北极
Antarctic [?nt'ɑ:ktik]南极
expedition[,ekspi'di??n]探险
time zone 时区
topography [t?'p?ɡr?fi] 地形
plain [plein]平原
plateau (highland) ['pl?t?u]高地
lowland ['l?ul?nd]低地
basin ['beis?n]盆地
cavern['k?v?n] (cave) 洞穴
terrain[te'rein, 'terein]地域
subterranean [,s?bt?'reini?n] (underground) 地底下
coastland['k?ust,l?nd]沿海地区
island 岛屿
continental island 大陆岛
volcanic island 火山岛
coral island 珊瑚岛
islet 小岛
peninsular [pi'ninsjul?]半岛
continent ['k?ntin?nt]大陆
continental shelf 大陆架
continental drift 大陆漂移学说
ranges 山脉
valley 峡谷
canyon峡谷
channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的
terrestrial [ti'restri?l]地球的；陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermy) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁sea-floor spreading 海床延展evaporation [i,v?p?'rei??n] 蒸发
salinity [sei'lin?ti]含盐度
ocean bottom 海床
sediment ['sedim?nt]沉积物
tropical ['tr?pik?l]热带的
temperate ['temp?rit]温带的
frigid ['frid?id]寒带的
formation [f?:'mei??n]形成
frost heaving 冻胀现象
fieldstone['fi:ldst?un]大卵石
the Atlantic Ocean大西洋
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Mediterranean地中海
plate板块
plate margin板块边缘
plate tectonics板块学说
plate hypothesis板块假说
plate collision板块碰撞
plate motion板块运动
plate drift板块漂移
rift, rent断裂
2地质类
geology [d?i'?l?d?i]地质学
geologist[d?i'?l?d?ist]地质学家
mantle ['m?ntl]地幔
crust [kr?st]地壳
core [k?:]地核
continental crust 大陆地壳
oceanic crust 海洋地壳
layer (stratum, pl. strata) 地层
plate [pleit]板块
fault [f?:lt]断层
fault plane 断层面
fault zone 断层带
rift (crack; split) 断裂
disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion [i'r?u??n]侵蚀
fossil ['f?s?l]化石
igneous ['iɡni?s] rock火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩
quartz [kw?:ts]石英
limestone['laimst?un]石灰岩
marble ['mɑ:bl]大理石
granite ['ɡr?nit]花岗岩lithosphere ['liθ?u,sfi?]岩石圈lithogenous [li‘θ?d?in?s]岩成的mineral ['min?r?l]矿物
ore [?:]矿石
deposit [di'p?zit]矿床
platinum ['pl?tin?m]白金；铂(Pt) silver 银(Ag)
copper 黄铜(Cu)
aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝(Al)
tin [tin]锡(Sn)
lead [li:d]铅(Pb)
zinc [zi?k]锌(Zn)
nickel ['nik?l]镍(Ni)
mercury ['m?:kjuri]汞，水银(Hg) sodium['s?udi?m] 钠(Na)
gem [d?em]宝石
diamond['dai?m?nd] 钻石
emerald ['em?r?ld]绿宝石
ruby ['ru:bi]红宝石
jadeite['d?eidait]翡翠
pearl[p?:l]珍珠
gem[d?em]; jewel['d?u:?l]宝石glacier['ɡl?sj?] 冰川
glacial ['ɡleisj?l]冰川的
glacial epoch (age; period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰碛qi（沙漠）iceberg ['aisb?:ɡ]冰山
volcano [v?l'kein?u]火山
active volcano 活火山
extinct [ik'sti?kt] volcano 死火山dormant ['d?:m?nt] volcano 休眠火山eruption [i'r?p??n]火山喷发
crater ['kreit?] 火山口
volcano belt火山带lava ['lɑ:v?, 'l?v?]火山岩浆
magma ['m?ɡm?]岩浆
volcanic [v?l'k?nik] 火山的
volcanic dust 火山尘
volcanic ash 火山灰
earthquake (quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic['saizmik] 地震的
seismology[saiz'm?l?d?i,]地震学magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d]震级
seismic wave 地震波
cataclysm ['k?t?kliz?m]灾变
catastrophe
3考古类
anthropologist [,?nθr?'p?l?d?ist]人类学家paleoanthropologist[,peili:?u,?θr?'p?l?d?ist]古人类学家
ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin ['?rid?in, '?:-]起源
originate [?'rid??neit]起源于
antique [?n'ti:k]古董，古物
antiquity[?n'tikw?ti] 古代，古老
Stone Age 石器时代
Bronze Age 青铜器时代
Iron Age 铁器时代
Paleolithic [,p?li?u'liθik,]旧石器时代ancestor ['?nsest?]祖先
hominid ['h?minid]人
homogeneous [,h?m?'d?i:ni?s]同一种族（种类）的
tribe[traib] 部落
clan [kl?n]氏族
Ku Klux Klan三K党
archeology [,ɑ:ki'?l?d?i]考古学
Mesolithic [,mes?u'liθik]中石器时代Neolithic 新石器时代
ethnology [,ni:?u'liθik]人种学anthropology [,?nθr?'p?l?d?i]人类学morphology [m?:'f?l?d?i]形态学archeologist [,ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist]考古学家excavation [,eksk?'vei??n]挖掘
excavate ['eksk?,veit] (unearth) 挖掘
ruins 遗迹；废墟
remains[ri'meinz]遗迹；遗骸
artifact ['ɑ:tif?kt]手工艺品
relic['relik] 遗物；文物
skull [sk?l]颅骨
cranial ['kreini?l]颅骨的
skeleton
4 气象类
meteorology [,mi:ti?'r?l?d?i]气象学meteorologist [,mi:ti?'r?l?d?ist]气象学家forecast (foretell, predict) 预报
climate ['klaimit]气候
atmosphere ['?tm?,sfi?] 大气层troposphere 对流层
current ['tr?p?usfi?]气流
vapor ['veip?]蒸汽
evaporate [i'v?p?reit] 蒸发
damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的
humidity [hju:'mid?ti]湿度
moisture ['m?ist??] 潮湿；水分
saturate ['s?t??reit,] 饱和
dew dju:, du:]露
frost [fr?st]霜
fog [f?ɡ] (mist) 雾
smog sm?ɡ, sm?:ɡ]烟雾
droplet ['dr?plit]小水珠
condense [k?n'dens]浓缩
crystal ['krist?l]水晶；水晶体
downpour ['daunp?:] (torrential rain) 大雨tempest ['tempist] (storm) 暴风雨
drizzle ['drizl]细雨
shower ['?au?]阵雨
hail [heil]冰雹
blizzard ['bliz?d] (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche ['?v?lɑ:nt?] (snow slide) 雪崩precipitation [pri,sipi'tei??n]（雨、露、雪等）降水
breeze [bri:z]微风
gale [ɡeil]大风
whirlwind ['hw?:lwind]旋风
typhoon [tai'fu:n]台风
hurricane ['h?rik?n] 旋风，飓风, 狂风tornado [t?:'neid?u] (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel ['f?nl]漏斗，漏斗云
disaster [,di'zɑ:st?] (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难
devastation/destruction 破坏
submerge [s?b'm?:d?]淹没
drought [draut]旱灾
flood [fl?d]洪水
5 生态学
ecologist[i:'k?l?d?ist]生态学家
ecosystem ['i:k?u,sist?m,]生态系统
balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡
fauna ['f?:n?]动物群
flora['fl?r?] 植物群
rain forest 雨林
food chain 食物链
acid rain 酸雨
greenhouse effect 温室效应
infrared [,infr?'red] radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射
pollution [p?:'lju:??n]污染
pollution control 污染控制
air pollution 空气污染
water pollution 水污染
noise pollution 噪音污染
soil pollution 土壤污染
pollution-free 无污染
pollutant [p?'lu:tnt] 污染物
noxious ['n?k??s] (toxic) 有毒的，有害的fumes ['fju:miz]废物
solid waste 固体垃圾
sewage ['sju:id?](wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化
sewage disposal 污水处理
decibel （噪音）分贝
6 植物类
botany ['b?t?ni]植物学
botanist ['b?t?nist]植物学家
botanical (botanic) 植物的
plant 植物
aquatic plant 水生植物
parasite plant 寄生植物
root 根
canopy['k?n?pi]树冠层；顶篷
bore [b?:]腔；膛
column ['k?l?m]花柱
immunity [i'mju:n?ti]免疫
organism [‘?:ɡ?niz?m]生物；有机物necrosis [n?'kr?usis]坏死
barren ['b?r?n]贫瘠
futile['fju:tail]无用的
carbohydrate [,kɑ:b?u'haidreit] (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）；糖类glucose ['ɡlu:k?us]葡萄糖
starch [stɑ:t?]淀粉
fat 脂肪
protein ['pr?uti:n]蛋白质
vitamin ['vit?min]维生素
calorie ['k?l?ri]卡路里
malnourished [m?l'n?ri?t]营养不良nutrition [nju:'tri??n]营养
7 动物类
Darwinism ['dɑ:winiz?m] n.达尔文学说, 进化论
hide [haid] n.兽皮, 皮革
natural selection 自然选择
class 纲
order 目
family 科
genus ['d?i:n?s] 属
suborder ['s?b,?:d?]亚目
species ['spi:?i:z]种
invertebrate [in'v?:tibr?]无脊椎动物vertebrate ['v?:tibr?t] 脊椎动物
aquatic[?'kw?tik] (life) 水生动物
reptile ['reptail]爬行动物
amphibian[?m'fibi?n](amphibious animal)两栖动物
dinosaur ['dain?s?:]恐龙
bird [b?:d]鸟类
extinction [ik'sti?k??n]灭绝
mammal['m?m?l]哺乳动物
Primates[prai'meiti:z]灵长目insect ['insekt]昆虫
antenna[?n'ten?] (Pl. antennae) 触须larva['lɑ:v?] (Pl. larvae)幼虫camouflage['k?muflɑ:?伪装
pest 害虫
worm 虫；蠕虫
hibernate ['haib?neit]冬眠
lizard['liz?d] 蜥蜴
chameleon [k?'mi:li?n]变色蜥蜴regeneration[ri,d?en?'rei??n]再生turtle['t?:tl] 龟
beast [bi:st]野兽
domesticate [d?u'mestikeit]驯养predator (carnivorous) 食肉的predator['pred?t?]掠食者
prey [prei] v.捕食n.被捕食的动物carnivore ['kɑ:niv?:]食肉动物herbivore['h?:biv?:]食草动物scavenger ['sk?vind??]食腐动物migrate [mai'ɡreit]迁移
wing [wi?]翅膀；翼
bill [bil]（鸟）嘴
beak[bi:k]（鹰）嘴
nest [nest]筑巢
dolphin ['d?lfin]海豚
whale [hweil]鲸鱼
bat [b?t]蝙蝠
gorilla [ɡ?'ril?]大猩猩
chimpanzee[,t?imp?n'zi:]黑猩猩ape, orangutan, primate猿
baboon[b?'bu:n]狒狒
dinosaur['dain?s?:]恐龙ichthyosaur['ikθi?s?:(r)]鱼龙pterosaur['pter?us?:]翼龙archaeopteryx[,ɑ:ki'?pt?riks]始祖鸟rodent['r?ud?nt]啮齿动物
reptile['reptail]爬行动物scavenger['sk?vind??]食腐动物ruminant['ru:min?nt]反刍动物aquatic[?'kw?tik]水生动物amphibian[?m'fibi?n]两栖动物shrimp[?rimp]小虾
prawn [pr?:n]对虾
lobster ['l?bst?]龙虾
crab [kr?b]螃蟹
clam [kl?m]蛤蜊
sponge [sp?nd?] 海绵
coral ['k?:r?l]珊瑚
starfish ['stɑ:fi?]海星
canary [k?'nε?ri]金丝雀
chirp [t??:p]唧唧
squeak [skwi:k]吱吱
porpoise ['p?:p?s] 海豚
sloth [sl?θ] 树懒
slothful ['sl?:θful] 懒散的
hygiene ['haid?i:n]（个人）卫生sanitation [,s?ni'tei??n]（公共）卫生parasite ['p?r?sait]寄生虫
moth [m?θ, m?:θ] 蛾子
caterpillar ['k?t?pil?]毛虫
horde [h?:d]（大）群
swarm [sw?:m]（蜜蜂）群
flock [fl?k]（禽，畜等）群
herd [h?:d]（兽）群
bunch ['b?nt?]束
community [k?'mju:niti]动物的群落或人的部落
beaver ['bi:v?]海狸
monogamous [m?'n?ɡ?m?s]一夫一妻的polygamous [p?'liɡ?m?s]一夫多妻的polyandrous [,p?li'?ndr?s]一妻多夫的trapper ['tr?p?]诱捕动物者
rhinoceros rai'n?s?r?s]犀牛
niche [ni:?, nit?]小生态环境
vestige ['vestid?]退化器官
oyster ['?ist?]牡蛎
fertilize ['f?:tilaiz]使。。。受精
tentacle ['tent?kl]触角
homotherm ['h?um?θ?:m]恒温动物poikilotherm ['p?ikil?θ?:m]变温动物，冷血动物
metabolism [mi't?b?liz?m]新陈代谢baboon [b?'bu:n]狒狒
breed [bri:d] 繁殖
multiply ['m?ltiplai] (reproduce) 繁殖
hatch [h?t?] 孵（蛋，卵）
spawn[sp?:n]（鱼，虾，蛙）孵
offspring (young) 后代anatomy [?'n?t?mi]解剖学
appetite ['?pitait] 食欲
creature ['kri:t??]生物
microbe ['maikr?ub]微生物herbivorous [h?:'biv?r?s]草食的carnivorous [kɑ:'niv?r?s]肉食的omnivorous [?m'niv?r?s]杂食的
egg [eɡ]蛋
yolk [j?uk, j?ulk]蛋黄
albumen ['?lbjumin]蛋清
eggshell ['eɡ?el]蛋壳
8 天文类
Mercury ['m?:kjuri]水星
Venus ['vi:n?s]金星
Earth [?:θ]地球
Mars[mɑ:z] 火星
Jupiter['d?u:pit?] 木星
Saturn ['s?t?n]土星
Uranus ['ju?r?n?s]天王星
Neptune ['neptju:n]海王星
Pluto ['plu:t?u]冥王星
astronomy[?'str?n?mi]天文学astronomical[,?str?'n?mik?l,-ik]天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer [?'str?n?m?]天文学家astrology [?'str?l?d?i]占星学pseudoscience ['psju:d?u'sai?ns] 伪科学cosmos ['k?zm?s] (universe) 宇宙cosmology [k?z'm?l?d?i]宇宙学
cosmic ['k?zmik] 宇宙的
cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射
cosmic rays 宇宙射线
celestial [si'lestj?l]天的
celestial body(heavenly body) 天体celestial map(sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球
dwarf [dw?:f] (dwarf star) 矮星photosphere ['f?ut?sfi?]光球层Convection zone 对流区
vacuum ['v?kju?m]真空
infrared ray 红外线
chondrite ['k?ndrait]球粒
absolute magnitude 绝对量级
radiation 辐射
emission[i'mi??n]发射，散发
high-resolution 高清晰度
infinite ['infin?t]无限的
quasar ['kweizɑ:, -sɑ:]类星体；类星射电源constellation [,k?nst?'lei??n]星座
(白羊座----Aries ['ε?ri:z]
金牛座----Taurus ['t?:r?s], Halcyone [h?l'sai?ni]
双子座--Gemini ['d?eminai]
巨蟹座----Cancer ['k?ns?]
狮子座----Leo ['li:?u]
处女座----Virgo ['v?:ɡ?u]
天秤座----Libra, Balance, Scale [skeil]
天蝎座--Scorpio['sk?:pi?u]
射手座-Sagittarius[,s?d?i'tε?ri?s],Centaurus[sen't?:r?s]
摩羯座Capricorn['k?prik?:n]
水瓶座----Aquarius [?'kwε?ri?s], Water bearer
双鱼座----Pisces ['pisi:z] )
galaxy ['ɡ?l?ksi] (Milky Way) 银河
cluster ['kl?st?] 星团
solar system 太阳系
solar corona [k?'r?un?]日冕
solar eclipse [i'klips] 日食
solar radiation [,reidi'ei??n] 太阳辐射
planet ['pl?nit]行星
planetoid ['pl?nit?id] (asteroid ['?st?r?id])小行星
twinkle ['twi?kl] 闪烁
naked eye 肉眼
orbit ['?:bit] 轨道
spin [spin]旋转
satellite ['s?t?lait]卫星
lunar ['lju:n?]月球的
meteor ['mi:ti?]流星
meteor shower 流行雨
meteorite ['mi:ti?rait]陨石
comet ['k?mit]彗星
space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft ['speiskrɑ:ft] (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut ['?str?n?:t]) 宇航员，航天员
space debris 太空垃圾
space suit 宇航服，航天服
space shuttle ['??tl] 航天飞机
space telescope 空间望远镜
astronaut ['?str?n?:t]宇航员
star 恒星
starlet ['stɑ:lit]小星星
stellar ['stel?]恒星的
intergalactic[,int?ɡ?'l?ktik] 星系间的interstellar[,int?'stel?]恒星间的interplanetary [,int?'pl?nit?ri]行星间的asteroid ['?st?r?id]小行星
nebula ['nebjul?]星云
ammonia [?'m?unj?]氨
corona [k?'r?un?]日冕
chromosphere ['kr?um?,sfi?]色球层photosphere ['f?ut?sfi?]光球层convectionzone 对流区
vacuum ['v?kju?m]真空
infrared ray 红外线
chondrite ['k?ndrait]球粒
absolute magnitude 绝对量级
radiation 辐射
emission[i'mi??n]发射，散发
high-resolution 高清晰度
interferometer [,int?f?'r?mit?]干扰仪luminous ['lju:min?s]发光的
solar spectrum太阳光谱
sun ray太阳光线
spot, sun spot, macula太阳黑子
sun particle太阳粒子
heliocentricism [,hi:li?u'sentrisiz?m]太阳中心说
geocentricism [,d?i:?u'sentrisiz?m]地球中心说
full moon ['kres?nt]满月
crescent ['kres?nt]新月
wax [w?ks]月亮由亏转盈
wane [wein]月亮由盈转亏
crater ['kreit?]环形山
lunar eclipse[i'klips]月食
revolve, revolution公转
rotate, rotation自转
black hole黑洞
9化学类
chemistry ['kemistri]化学
chemical property化学性质，化学特性chemical composition (makeup) 化学成分chemical agent化学试剂
chemical reaction化学反应
chemical change化学变化
chemical bond化学键
chemical apparatus化学器械substance (matter, material) 物质substantiate 证实，使实体化substantial=essential
element ['elim?nt]元素
periodic table 元素周期表
hydrogen ['haidr?d??n]氢
oxygen['?ksid??n] 氧
nitrogen ['naitr?d??n]氮
helium ['hi:li?m]氦
carbon['kɑ:b?n] 碳
calcium['k?lsi?m] 钙
silicon ['silik?n, -k?n]硅
sulfur ['s?lf?]硫
iodine ['ai?udi:n]碘
compound ['k?mpaund]化合物hydrocarbon[,haidr?u'kɑ:b?n] 碳水化合物derivative[di'riv?tiv] 衍生物
alchemy ['?lkimi]炼金术
petroleum (oil) 石油
petroleum products 石油产品
crude [kru:d] oil 原油
refine [ri'fain]提炼，精炼
gasoline ['ɡ?s?li:n]汽油
methane ['mi:θein]甲烷
solution [s?'lju:??n] 溶液
dissolve [di'z?lv]溶解
solvent ['s?lv?nt, 's?:l-]溶剂
solubility [,s?lju'bil?ti]可溶性cohesive [k?u'hi:siv]聚合力
adhesive [?d'hi:siv]粘合力
diamond['dai?m?nd] 钻石
emerald ['em?r?ld]绿宝石ruby ['ru:bi]红宝石
jadeite['d?eidait]翡翠
pearl[p?:l]珍珠
gem[d?em]; jewel['d?u:?l]宝石
glacier['ɡl?sj?] 冰川
glacial ['ɡleisj?l]冰川的
glacial epoch (age; period) 冰川期
atom ['?t?m]原子
nucleus ['nju:kli?s]原子核
electron [i'lektr?n]电子
neutron ['nju:tr?n]中子
proton ['pr?ut?n]质子
molecule ['m?likjul]分子
particle ['pɑ:tikl]粒子
ion ['ai?n]离子
particle accelerator 粒子加速器
catalysis [k?'t?lisis] (Pl. catalyses) 催化作用catalyst ['k?t?list] 催化剂
artificial [,ɑ:ti'fi??l]人造的
synthetic [sin'θetik]合成的
synthetic fiber 合成纤维
polymer ['p?lim?] 聚合物
polymerization [,p?lim?rai'zei??n]聚合作用
plastic ['pl?stik,'plɑ:s-]塑料
dye [dai]染料