翻译二级笔译综合能力-38
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、{{B}}Cloze Test {{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：100.00)
Darwin—The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
The main conclusion arrived at in this work, namely, that man is descended from some lowly organised form, will, I regret to think, be highly distasteful to many. But there can hardly be a doubt that we are descended from barbarians. The astonishment which I felt on first seeing a party of Fuegians on a wild and broken shore will never be {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}by me, for the reflection at once rushed into my mind—such {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}our ancestors. These men were absolutely naked and {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}with paint, their long hair was tangled, their mouths {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}with excitement, and their expression was wild, startled, and {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. They possessed hardly any arts, and like wild animals {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}on what they could catch; they had no government, and were {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}to every one not of their own small tribe. He who has seen a {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}in his native land will not feel much shame, if forced to {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}that the blood of some more humble creature flows in his {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}monkey, who braved his dreaded enemy in order to save the life of {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}keeper, or from that old baboon, who descending from the mountains, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}away in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}dogs—as from a savage who delights to torture his {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions.（分数：30.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：forgotten）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：were）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：bedaubed）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：frothed）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：distrustful）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：rived）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：merciless）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：savage）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：akcnowledge）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：veins）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：little）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：his）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：carried）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：astonished）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：enemies）
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Bertrand Russell—The Analysis of Mind (Truth and Falsehood)
On the features which distinguish knowledge from accuracy of response in general, not much can be said from a behaviourist point of view without referring to purpose. But the necessity of SOMETHING besides accuracy of response may be brought out by the {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}}
{{/U}}consideration: Suppose two persons, of whom one believed {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}the other disbelieved, and disbelieved whatever the other {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. So far as accuracy and sensitiveness of response alone are concerned, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}would be nothing to choose between these two persons. A thermometer {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}went down for warm weather and up for cold might be just as {{U}} {{U}} 21 {{/U}} {{/U}}as the usual kind; and a person who always believes falsely is just as {{U}} {{U}} 22 {{/U}} {{/U}}an instrument as a person who always believes truly. The {{U}} {{U}} 23 {{/U}} {{/U}}and practical difference between them would be that the one {{U}} {{U}} 24 {{/U}} {{/U}}always believed falsely would quickly come to a bad end. This {{U}} {{U}} 25 {{/U}} {{/U}}once more that accuracy of response to stimulus does not alone {{U}} {{U}} 26 {{/U}} {{/U}}knowledge, but must be reinforced by appropriateness, i. e. suitability for {{U}} {{U}} 27 {{/U}} {{/U}}one's purpose. This applies even in the apparently simple {{U}} {{U}} 28 {{/U}} {{/U}}of answering questions: if the purpose of the answers is to deceive, their {{U}} {{U}} 29 {{/U}} {{/U}}, not their truth, will be evidence of knowledge. The proportion of the {{U}} {{U}} 30 {{/U}} {{/U}}of appropriateness with accuracy in the definition of knowledge is difficult; it seems that both enter in, but that appropriateness is only required as regards the general type of response, not as regards each individual instance.（分数：30.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：following）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：whatever）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：believed）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：there）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：which）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：accurate）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：sensitive）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observable）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：who）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：illustrates）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：show）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：realizing）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：case）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：falsehood）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：combination）
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Bathing
Long before recorded history, our ancestors were bathing for pleasure and health. Man has found many interesting ways to take his bath. The earliest records often mention the use of rivers for bathing. The Bible speaks of the healing waters of the River Jordan. Egyptian history mentions bathing in the Nile. And the Hindus have believed for centuries that the Ganges River has the power to clean the soul, as well as the body.
Several thousand years ago, the {{U}} {{U}} 31 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the island of Crete, in the eastern Mediterranean, built {{U}} {{U}} 32 {{/U}} {{/U}}with running water. The early Jews took ceremonial baths on {{U}} {{U}} 33 {{/U}} {{/U}}occasions, making use of oils and ointments. The {{U}} {{U}} 34 {{/U}} {{/U}}also had a custom of bathing the feet of all strangers that came {{U}} {{U}} 35 {{/U}} {{/U}}their gate. This friendly custom is still practiced in parts of Palestine. Swimming was {{U}} {{U}} 36 {{/U}} {{/U}}among the Greeks of antiquity. By the third century {{U}} {{U}} 37 {{/U}} {{/U}}Christ, almost every Greek city of a certain size had at least one {{U}} {{U}} 38 {{/U}} {{/U}}bath. The wealthy classes had private baths and pools, some of {{U}} {{U}} 39 {{/U}} {{/U}}were beautifully decorated.
Many of the public baths that the Romans {{U}} {{U}} 40 {{/U}} {{/U}}utilized natural mineral springs. Since most of these {{U}} {{U}} 41 {{/U}} {{/U}}were naturally warm, the Romans took advantage of this {{U}} {{U}} 42 {{/U}} {{/U}}hot water. By the time of the Roman Emperors these baths were often {{U}} {{U}} 43 {{/U}} {{/U}}in large, marble buildings. The baths built by the {{U}} {{U}} 44 {{/U}} {{/U}}Caracalla, in the center of Rome, covered about one {{U}} {{U}} 45 {{/U}} {{/U}}mile and could hold sixteen thousand people.
The Roman baths were as richly ornamented as a {{U}} {{U}} 46 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The floors were of marble and mosaic. And statues {{U}} {{U}} 47 {{/U}} {{/U}}the walls. There were rooms in which the Romans could eat, read {{U}} {{U}} 48 {{/U}} {{/U}}and even watch plays. The baths included swimming pools, {{U}} {{U}} 49 {{/U}} {{/U}}baths, steam baths and hot air baths.
While public baths kept the {{U}} {{U}} 50 {{/U}} {{/U}}clean, they also helped to undermine their character. Men would send the entire day relaxing lazily in these beautiful buildings. In fact, a famous Roman philosopher, Seneca, said the Romans were not satisfied unless they were ornamented with precious stones. While the men were being massaged and rubbed with perfumes and oils, they discussed their favorite games and gladiators. Sometimes wealthy bathers had the whole tub or pool filled with wines or perfumes. Many of the roman women bathed in milk: the Emperor's wife kept five hundred donkeys to carry the milk for her bath!
As a result of all this bath-oriented frivolity, the early fathers of the Christian church forbade Christians to bathe for pleasure. They were permitted to bathe only for hygienic reasons.（分数：40.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：inhabitants）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：baths）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：certain）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Jews）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：within）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：popular）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：before）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：public）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：which）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：built）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：springs）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：free）
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填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：housed）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Emperor）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：square）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：palace）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：lined）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：scrolls）解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：warm）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Romans）解析：
翻译三级笔译实务模拟27 Section Ⅰ English Chinese Translation 1、As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers. It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9.6% of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britain's recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years. Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. "We are constantly being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?" says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), a non-profit British company that encourages recycling and develops markets for recycled materials. Studies that look at the entire life cycle of a particular material can shed light on this question in a particular case, but WRAP decided to take a broader look. It asked the Technical University of Denmark and the Danish Topic Centre on Waste to conduct a review of 55 life-cycle analyses, all of which were selected because of their rigorous methodology. The researchers then looked at more than 200 scenarios, comparing the impact of recycling with that of burying or burning particular types of waste material. They found that in 83% of all scenarios that included recycling, it was indeed better for the environment. Based on this study, WRAP calculated that Britain's recycling efforts reduce its carbon-dioxide emissions by 10m-15m tonnes per year. That is equivalent to a 10% reduction in Britain's annual carbon-dioxide emissions from transport, or roughly equivalent to taking 3.5m cars off the roads. Similarly, America's Environmental Protection Agency estimates that recycling reduced the country's
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（15） (1/1)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese Translation Translate the following two passages into Chinese. Part A Compulsory Translation 第1题 This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there's no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. 下一题 (1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English Translation This section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2". 第2题 能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。
C A T T I三级笔译综合能力真题及答案解析
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一) 一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ） 第1题 Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived ________hope. A in B for C on D through 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 固定搭配。live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。 第2题 ________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex. A Children B Children, when they C As children D For children to
[模拟] 翻译三级笔译实务模拟25 Section ⅠEnglish Chinese Translation Translate the following two passages into Chinese . 第1题： Acid rain, is a form of air pollution, currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carded long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain. The pollution many also take the form of snow or fog or be precipitated in dry forms. In fact, although the term "acid rain" has been in use for more than a century — it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England — the more accurate scientific term would be "acid deposition." The dry form of such precipitation is just as damaging as the liquid form, especially to trees and structures. Furthermore, some of the pollutants also associated with acid rain are not themselves acidic. The problem of acid rain may be said to have originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since. The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas. The wide destructiveness of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has eroded structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened or depleted life in freshwater lakes. In 1983, for example, published reports indicated that 34 percent of the forested areas of West Germany had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada have also been affected by this form of pollution, and other areas of the two countries are also showing increasing signs of damages, as are other regions of the world. Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. Studies released by the U.S. government in the early 1980s, however, strongly implicated industries as the main source of acid rain._____________
英语翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（13） (1/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第1题 It discusses the major economic, institutional social and geographical ______ that need to be addressed in the appropriate introduction and use of this technology. A.fronts https://www.doczj.com/doc/c611415679.html,ments C.facts D.aspects 下一题 (2/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第2题 The three largest Japanese banks are ______ into the world's largest banking group. A.assimilated B.incorporated C.embodied https://www.doczj.com/doc/c611415679.html,bined 上一题下一题 (3/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第3题 In addition, government has acted as the provider of pump ______ funds for new applications, but this role is increasingly being called into question. A.priming B.breaking C.emerging D.omitting 上一题下一题 (4/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第4题 The role played by supranational entities, such as the WTO, ITU and telecoms MOU bodies ______ in and regulating this environment will be examined. A.following
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(三) 一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题20小题．每题1.0分，共20.0分。In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ） 第1题 Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer. A rather than B other than C bigger than D more than 第2题 The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A by accident B at random C on occasion 第3题 English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______. A circulation B rotation C circumstance D appreciation 第4题
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题 Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes). I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet." I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies. I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine. On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes
翻译三级笔译实务-1 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ English Chinese Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：60.00) 1.A few weeks back, I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school. Referring to stress, she heaved a big sigh and said: "Aiyah, anything bad that can happen has already happened." Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard, and so on. Pessimism again, in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system, widely regarded as too results-oriented, and I wonder why I even bothered to ask. The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture, which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves. Such a culture is hard to change. So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves. The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister, formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's: cash, condos, clubs, credit cards and cars, to help prepare the nation for the future. It is good that the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence. This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit—the family. Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life. If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass. In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveler, I will say. And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky. That's my point. Parents should teach their children that there's more to life than studies. Better still if the nation's leaders echo that idea as well. This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won't feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe. However, the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking Singapore Committee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education. It is now wait-and-see if, say, 10 years down the road, more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully, by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams. （分数：60.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：几个星期前，我问一个14岁的朋友她如何应对自己的学业。谈到压力，她深叹一口气说：“哎呀，这儿事要多糟，有多糟。” 随后，她周围的朋友便开始就他们认为那些难学的学科倾诉自己的苦恼。人们普遍认为，新加坡的教育制度过分注重成绩，而这些孩子耳熟能详的言晤再次表现了对新加坡教育制度的悲观情绪。我不知道自己为什么还要费心一问。追求功课得优的学校体制构成了新加坡文化的基础，这一文化重在追求经济上的杰出成就，而这一成就则体现在一定要获得财富和地位。这种文化是难以改变的。新成立的改造新加坡委员会已将其目标之一确定为向传统的成功之路发起挑战，鼓励新加坡人去从事其它职业，如艺术，体育、研究或成为企业家。当我获知此情时，我怀疑如果没有家长的配合，这方面的改造
翻译二级笔译实务模拟28 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、Compulsory Translation(总题数：1，分数：30.00) 1.This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. （分数：30.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。 会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的2倍，由此造成墨西哥城以10年50厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污管道开裂。 世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去30年间，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了30米，开采成本随之升高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。 全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的2倍，人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。