翻译二级笔译综合能力-38

人事部catti二级笔译证书一、介绍人事部catti人事部catti（China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters）是由我国人事部于2003年设立的翻译和口译人员资格认证制度。

该制度旨在通过统一的考试标准和程序，评定和认证翻译和口译人员的水平，提高翻译和口译行业的专业化水平，保障翻译和口译服务的质量。

catti证书分为笔译证书和口译证书，分为高级、中级和初级，是我国翻译和口译行业的权威证书。

二、人事部catti二级笔译证书的含义人事部catti二级笔译证书是人事部catti制度中的一种笔译证书，是对翻译人员能力和水平的权威认证。

获得人事部catti二级笔译证书意味着翻译人员具有较高的翻译理论基础和实践能力，能够胜任较为复杂的专业领域翻译工作，具有较高的职业素养和专业操守。

三、获得人事部catti二级笔译证书的条件获得人事部catti二级笔译证书需要符合一定的条件和通过一系列的考试。

主要条件包括：1. 考生须具有高等学校本科以上学历，每年两次（4月份和11月份）开考2. 通过人事部catti二级笔译考试，即可获得相应资格证书3. 可根据需要，在规定的时间内办理自主重考手续。

自重考之日起，原准考证编号作废，删除考试成绩。

四、人事部catti二级笔译证书考试内容人事部catti二级笔译证书考试内容主要包括笔译理论和实践能力的考查，考试形式为笔试。

1. 笔译理论考查(1) 翻译知识：翻译的定义、翻译的基本原则等(2) 翻译技巧：翻译文体的转换技巧、语法和逻辑的处理技巧等(3) 翻译方法：翻译的基本方法、常用翻译技巧等2. 笔译实践能力考查(1) 翻译能力：英语-中文和中文-英语的笔译能力(2) 语言表达：语言表达的准确性和得体性(3) 翻译速度：在规定时间内完成一定篇幅的翻译五、人事部catti二级笔译证书的意义和作用获得人事部catti二级笔译证书对于翻译人员来说意义重大，具有以下几个方面的作用：1. 专业资质认证：人事部catti二级笔译证书是对翻译人员专业能力的权威认证，能够有效证明翻译人员的翻译能力和水平，提升个人的专业形象和信誉。

catti二级笔译参考书籍
CATTI二级笔译考试是一项综合性的考试，要求考生具备扎实的英语基础、良好的翻译技巧和丰富的知识储备。

为了备考该考试，以下是一些建议的参考书籍：
1. 《英语笔译实务》- 该书籍涵盖了CATTI二级笔译考试所需的大部分题材和领域，对于提高考生的翻译实践能力有很大帮助。

2. 《英语笔译综合能力》- 该书针对考试的各个方面进行了全面讲解，有助于考生巩固基础知识。

3. 《英汉互译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》- 这两本书分别针对英汉和汉英翻译进行讲解，帮助考生系统地学习翻译技巧。

4. 《笔译理论与技巧》- 该书从翻译的语义、句法、使用策略等角度进行论述，理论与实例结合。

5. 《翻译之道：理论与实践》- 这本书是翻译史、翻译理论和翻译批评的统一，对翻译理论和实践的关系进行了反思。

6. 《中国译学史》- 如果对中国的翻译史感兴趣，可以阅读陈福康先生的《中国译学史》。

7. 《翻译辨误》- 该书主要分析了学生常见的错译、误译和尚需改进的译文，例句偏向谚语和生活化。

8. 《通过翻译学英语》- 该书主要通过对150个正误译文实例的讨论，帮助读者提高汉译英的能力，例句很好，适合CATTI和MTI考试学习。

除了以上书籍，还可以参考其他权威的翻译教材和参考书，注重理论与实践的结合，多进行模拟练习和真题演练，提高自己的翻译水平和应试能力。

同时，也要注意保持英语学习的持续性和系统性，不断扩大自己的词汇量和语法知识，提高阅读和写作能力。

catti二级笔译蔜TI二级笔译是国家外语翻译资格考试的一种，是考察考生在翻译方面的能力和水平的重要标准之一。

CATTI二级笔译考试内容包括英语翻译、汉语翻译和笔译实务三个部分。

下面将详细介绍CATTI 二级笔译考试的相关内容。

一、考试科目CATTI二级笔译考试分为英语翻译、汉语翻译和笔译实务三个科目。

1. 英语翻译英语翻译考试分为两个部分：翻译和写作。

翻译部分要求考生将一篇英文短文翻译成中文，写作部分要求考生根据指定的题目写一篇英文短文。

考生需要在规定时间内完成两个部分的考试。

2. 汉语翻译汉语翻译考试分为两个部分：翻译和写作。

翻译部分要求考生将一篇中文短文翻译成英文，写作部分要求考生根据指定的题目写一篇中文短文。

考生需要在规定时间内完成两个部分的考试。

3. 笔译实务笔译实务考试分为两个部分：笔译和写作。

笔译部分要求考生将一篇英文或中文短文翻译成中文或英文，写作部分要求考生根据指定的题目写一篇中文或英文短文。

考生需要在规定时间内完成两个部分的考试。

二、考试时间CATTI二级笔译考试时间为4个小时，其中英语翻译、汉语翻译和笔译实务各占1个小时。

三、考试内容1. 英语翻译英语翻译考试要求考生将一篇英文短文翻译成中文，并在规定时间内完成写作部分。

翻译部分主要考察考生的英文阅读理解和翻译能力，写作部分主要考察考生的英文写作能力。

2. 汉语翻译汉语翻译考试要求考生将一篇中文短文翻译成英文，并在规定时间内完成写作部分。

翻译部分主要考察考生的中文阅读理解和翻译能力，写作部分主要考察考生的英文写作能力。

3. 笔译实务笔译实务考试要求考生将一篇英文或中文短文翻译成中文或英文，并在规定时间内完成写作部分。

翻译部分主要考察考生的翻译能力，写作部分主要考察考生的写作能力。

四、考试难度CATTI二级笔译考试难度较大，需要考生具备较高的英语和汉语翻译能力，同时还需要具备较强的写作能力和语言表达能力。

考生需要在规定时间内完成两个部分的考试，时间紧迫，任务繁重，对考生的心理素质和应变能力也提出了较高的要求。

专题一：CATTI二级口译综合能力题型简介随着全球化进程的不断加快，口译工作的需求也越来越大。

在我国，CATTI（China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters）口译考试是口译工作人员的重要认证标准之一。

其中，CATTI二级口译考试是面向有一定口译经验和能力的人员设计的，考生在参加考试前需要对口译综合能力题型有所了解，这也是口译考试的重要一环。

一、CATTI二级口译综合能力题型的构成1. 听力理解题CATTI二级口译综合能力题型中的听力理解题是其中最重要的一部分，通过这一部分的考试可以考察考生对于听力材料的理解能力。

2. 笔译题笔译题是CATTI二级口译综合能力的另一个重要部分，通过这一部分的考试可以考察考生对于书面材料的翻译能力。

3. 口译题口译题是CATTI二级口译综合能力的最后一部分，通过这一部分的考试可以考察考生对于口译能力的掌握程度。

二、CATTI二级口译综合能力题型的出题特点1. 难度适中CATTI二级口译综合能力题型在出题时会尽量控制难度，以保证考生能够在规定的时间内完成考试。

2. 考查综合能力CATTI二级口译综合能力题型的出题会考查考生的听力、口译、笔译能力，以全面评价考生的口译综合能力。

3. 模拟实际工作CATTI二级口译综合能力题型的出题会尽量贴近实际的口译工作情境，让考生感受到真实的工作场景。

三、备考建议1. 多练听力理解考生可以通过听一些专业的口译资料，提高自己的听力理解能力。

2. 提高翻译水平笔译题是CATTI二级口译综合能力考试的重要部分，考生需要多做翻译练习，提高翻译能力。

3. 加强口语表达口译题要求考生具备良好的口语表达能力，考生可以多参加口语练习，提高口译水平。

4. 注重知识积累口译工作需要对各个领域的知识有一定的了解，考生可以多积累相关领域的知识。

结语CATTI二级口译综合能力题型是口译考试的重要一部分，通过合理的备考可以顺利通过考试，获得相应的口译资格证书。

翻译三级笔译综合能力-21(总分115,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ V ocabulary and GrammarPart 1 V ocabulary Selection1. The rodent, ______ the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and porcupine, are mammals with incisor-like teeth in both jaws.A. made upB. includingC. consistingD. constitute2. We should not let anyone lead us by the ______ in our actions. We should always take the initiative in our own hands.A. armB. noseC. earD. hand3. Heart ______ is much **mon these days than it was even ten years ago.A. surgeryB. surgeonC. workD. circulation4. The maturity of IT industry and the integration of IT into the mainstream of economic activity and ______ constraints have forced the authority to rethink its role.A. budgetaryB. documentaryC. commentaryD. portray5. His emotional problems ______ from his experiences as a child, I think.A. stemB. flourishC. rootD. sprout6. Some people believe that" King John" was written by Shakespeare, but some people think it might be written by an ______ author.A. deliveredB. anonymousC. antiqueD. ambiguous7. She ______ some salt on her food to make it taste better.A. sprinkledB. sprayedC. scatteredD. dispersed8. The Minister's ______ answer led to an outcry from the opposition.A. impressiveB. evasiveC. intensiveD. amusive9. We hope that the measures to control prices, ______ taken by the government, will succeed.A. whenB. sinceC. afterD. as10. The manager of **pany firmly believed that one of the important ______ sources of new customers was the children's market.A. unfoldedB. unknownC. unsolvedD. untapped11. Whenever the government increases public services, ______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A. employment to riseB. employment risesC. which rising employmentD. the rise of employment12. ______, I picked up the phone and rang my sister in AustraliA．A．Off impulse B．On guard C．Off guard D．On impulse13. In Hong Kong, doctors reported that, for unclear reasons, 12 recovered SARS patients had ______ weeks after they had been discharged -- spurring fears that people might be infectious even after they'd left isolation.A. recoveredB. relapsedC. reexaminedD. re-diagnosed14. I am not______with my roommate, but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere to live.A．concerned B．compatible C．considerate D．complied15. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for pottery.A. it madeB. itsC. the makingD. where its16. ______ Roman mythology, god Jupiter was accepted as the most powerful one.A. LikeB. ForC. WithD. In17. According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______, it will snow this afternoon.A. exactB. preciseC. perfectD. accurate18. While Maggie, a white-collar worker, was at home after work, she ______ doing something to doing nothing.A. likedB. favoredC. tendedD. preferred19. The flowers in the vase ______ because they had no water.A. witheredB. wrinkledC. ripenedD. prospered20. ______to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.A．Orientation B．Access C．Procession D．VoyagePart 2 V ocabulary Replacement21. The artist captured the girl's personality in his photograph.A. distortedB. caughtC. maskedD. flattered22. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently23. The coach explained the regulations at length to make sure that none of his players world become violators.A. at lastB. at largeC. in detailD. in short24. He stood aside, registering the vivacity of the school life.A．magnificence B．confrontation C．animation D．panorama25. Dr White checked the patient's signs carefully before making his statement.A. synonymsB. symptomsC. symbolsD. suspensions26. It is deemed as impolite to leave a party without saying "good-bye" to the host.A. insistedB. condemnedC. convincedD. considered27. Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse.A. fall downB. fall illC. fall outD. fall behind28. Such legal entities provide the means for international cooperation and support of macroprojects related to the moon and mars that encourage global private sector participation.A. existencesB. vitalitiesC. persistencesD. complicities29. She bustled about with an assumption of authority.A. airB. suppositionC. appearanceD. face30. The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more.A. conversedB. inversedC. traversedD. reversed31. He is the most intrepid explorer in the present century.A. successfulB. fearlessC. reliableD. fearsome32. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.A. impedesB. interferesC. holdsD. pushes33. Education in Russia and the other new countries faces especially daunting obstacles because the struggling economies of these nations often provide insufficient funds for education.A. stunningB. discouragingC. concerningD. prevailing34. He has a touch of eccentricity in **position.A. essayB. writingC. characterD. manner35. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably **puter revolution.A. profitableB. productiveC. prominentD. promptPart 3 Correcting Grammatical Errors36. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. other one37. Dump sewage into oceans and rivers is a serious form of pollution.A. Having dumped sewageB. Being dumped sewageC. Dumped sewageD. Dumping sewage38. We had better wait for your girlfriend Juliet, didn't we?A．don't B．hadn't C．won't D．shan't39. The hands on this clock are lubricate so that it can be seen in the dark.A. luminousB. luminaryC. lugubriousD. lubricable40. **pany will provide you with free transportation as you requested and charge the installation.A. installation with a chargeB. in the installationC. freely installationD. installation in charge41. The advertising industry in today's world does have its share of responsibilities in leading people to misconceptions.A. for leading people toB. to lead people toC. to lead people intoD. for leading people into42. I cannot thank you very. much for your kindness, I owe my success to you.A. soB. tooC. asD. enough43. We were pleased to see that, besides our own villagers, the audience was made up of a fair number of people out of around villages.A．off around villages B．off villages aroundC．from around villages D．from villages around44. In spite of ill health and a physical disability that threatened her career. Carson **pleted a novel in the summer of 1961 that made the best-seller list.A. inabilityB. incapacityC. incapabilityD. failure45. The sales manager of **pany suggested more money is to spent in a more effective advertising campaign and better packaging design.A. is spending onB. will be spent inC. will be spent onD. be spent on46. Were it not for the timely investment from the general public, **pany would not be so thriving as it is.A．Be it not B．Should it not beC．It had not been D．Had it not been47. When he fails his final examination, he is sure of a university place.A. IfB. In caseC. Even whenD. Even if48. In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, there are perhaps 200 billion stars, a small part of them probably have planets on which life is feasible.A. a small fraction in whichB. a small fraction of whichC. a small fraction whichD. which a fraction of49. As early as in 1647 Ohio made a decision that flee, tax-supported schools must be established in every town to have 50 households or more.A．has B．having C．having had D．had50. It was one of those days when it looked at first something interesting could happen, but then later, when you didn't expect anything, almost everything happened.A. nothingB. anythingC. everythingD. all thingsⅡ Reading ComprehensionWith the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia (精神分裂症). "Psychotic" means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Some people have only one such psychotic episode. Others have many episodes during a lifetime but lead relatively normal lives during interim periods. The individual with chronic (continuous or recurring) schizophrenia often does not fully recover normal functioning and typically requires long-term treatment, generally including medication, to control the symptoms. These symptoms may include hallucinations (幻觉), incoherence, delusions, lack of judgment, deterioration of the abilities to reason and feel emotion, and a lack of interaction between the patient and his environment. The hallucinations may be a visual, auditory, or tactile. Some chronic schizophrenic patients may never he able to function without assistance of one sort or another.51. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?A. Hallucinations.B. Delusions.C. Incoherence.D. Vertigo.52. It can be inferred from the passage that a person experiencing acute schizophrenia most likely ______.A. cannot live without medicationB. cannot go on livingC. can hold a full-time jobD. cannot distinguish real from unreal53. According to this passage, thinking that one can fly might be an example of ______.A. medicine overdoseB. being out of touch with realityC. recovering normal functioningD. symptom control54. The passage suggests that the beginning of severe psychotic symptoms of acute schizophrenia may be any of the following EXCEPT ______.A. debilitatingB. sudden occurrenceC. occurring after a long period of normalcyD. drug-induced55. The passage implies that normal life may be possible for the chronic schizophrenic with the help of ______.A. medicinesB. neurotic episodesC. psychotic episodesD. timeFew creatures on earth are as cute as the black lion tamarin, and few have as dramatic a story line. Pug-nosed and diminutive, with a comic fringe of hair, these monkeys dwell in trees in small tracts of forest in southeastern Brazil. Or they did until 1905, when they were declared extinct. No one saw a black lion tamarin again in the wild until 1970. Later, in the 1990s, some Brazilian researchers turned up a small set of isolated, inbred populations scattered over a wide region. Since that time, they have been engineering tamarin migration, doing everything they can to save the world's most distinctive primates.Although they are no larger than house cats, tamarins have brains big for their size and a family life organized like our own. They live in groups anchored by an adult male andadult female, along with their offspring. When a mother bears young, she usually produces twins, and although members of the group share in their upbringing, it is most often the father who carries them around in the trees, where the families feed on fruits, insects and bird's eggs.Unhappily for the lion tamarins, their tree-bound niche began to disappear after the Portuguese landed in Brazil and began clearing forest to make room for Rio de Janeiro, the settlements and farms. As is the case for so many threatened species, the breakup of their habitat sounded the death knell for tamarins, depriving them of the continuity of forest they require to remain abundant and safe from potential threats in any single vicinity. The animals avoid predators by hardly **ing down from the trees, so even a narrow logging road through a forest can begin the breakup by preventing them from moving from one patch of forest to another.A simple solution was to build bridges across roads, allowing the monkeys to move from one forest to another. With some lumber and the researchers' work, habitats that had been separated became continuous again, improving opportunities for migrating and mating.The next step was to broaden the distribution of the population. The researchers captured two families of black lion tamarins and moved them to a new forest. After a year, the moves were declared a success: Not only had 80 percent of the tamarins survived, but they had also produced new offspring. So far, so good. The researchers had learned the animals could adjust to the new habitats, even if the insects there tasted a little different or the trees were a slightly different size.The techniques for saving species in the wild vary. Species with less stringent habitat requirements, like wild turkeys, have been rescued by moving them into new settings as well as outlawing their killing. More challenging to preserve are species that require a lot of land, likeelephants, and species that have highly specific requirements for habitat and prey -- like black-footed ferrets. Ultimately, as in all challenges, knowledge is power to save wild species from extinction.56. A tamarin can be called any of the following EXCEPT ______.A. a monkeyB. a primateC. a house catD. a lion tamarin57. According to Paragraph 1, the tamarin story can be retold chronologically as follows:Ⅰ. Tamarins were declared extinct.Ⅱ. No one saw a tamarin in the wild.Ⅲ. Tamarins used to live in forests in southern Brazil.Ⅳ. The researchers have been doing everything they can to save tamarins.Ⅴ. Some researchers found by chance a small set of tamarins.A. Ⅳ--Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--ⅤB. Ⅲ--Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅴ--ⅣC. Ⅱ--Ⅰ--Ⅲ--Ⅴ--ⅣD. Ⅰ--Ⅱ--Ⅲ--Ⅳ--Ⅴ58. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a tamarin family?A. A tamarin family consists of Father, Mother and their children.B. The family life is organized like humans.C. All the family members share the responsibility in the upbringing.D. Tamarin brains are big for their size.59. Tamarins lost the paradise of their tree-bound niche mainly because the Portuguese ______.A. cut down trees to make rooms of the housesB. cleared the forests to set up cities and farmsC. deforested some regions for playgroundsD. hunted the most distinctive monkeys60. The breakup of the habitats resulted in the following EXCEPT ______.A. a lack of food for tamarins to live onB. potential threats to **ing nearbyC. tamarins' **ing down trees to avoid predatorsD. a good fortune for many other threatened animals61. The lumber bridges were devised to ______.A. improve chances for tamarins to meet and mateB. connect once separated habitats for the sake of researchC. make use of some lumber cut downD. both A and C62. What did the researchers learn from the second step?A. The trees in the new forest were in different size.B. The insects in the new forest had a different taste.C. Tamarins could get used to the new environment.D. Above 80% of tamarins survived.63. The advice the author missed giving in saving wild species is ______.A. having a thorough understanding of the requirements neededB. having enough human and financial resourcesC. outlawing the killing of the protected speciesD. different techniques for different animals64. To save the wild species from extinction, the author put the stress on ______.A. knowledgeB. techniqueC. persistenceD. confidence65. The author wants to tell us that ______.A. the primatologists have been devising ways to save the threatened tamarinsB. the black lion tamarin is the most distinctive animal of all animalsC. the tamarins organize their family life like our ownD. the Portuguese were the disaster-makers to the tamarinsCooperation is **mon endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. **petition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation **mon means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when **mon means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.66. What is the author's main purpose in Paragraph 1 of the passage?A. To explain how cooperation differs **petition and conflict.B. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes.C. To offer a brief definition of cooperation.D. To urge readers to cooperate more often.67. The underlined word "cherished" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. prizedB. based onC. definedD. set up68. In the primary cooperation ______.A. group and individual don't have to uniteB. the group contains nearly all of each person's lifeC. individuals work for themselvesD. people don't value cooperation69. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information inthe passage?A. It was limited in prehistoric times.B. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.C. It is an ideal that can never be achieved.D. It is **monly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.70. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?A. To share the happiness with others.B. To get rewards for themselves.C. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds.D. To defeat a common enemy.71. Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4?A. Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.B. A new business attempts to take customers away from an **pany.C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.D. Members of a **munity share work and the food that they grow.72. Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?A. Tertiary cooperation.B. Accommodation.C. Latent conflict.D. Antagonistic cooperation.73. The underlined word "fragile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. inefficientB. easily brokenC. poorly plannedD. involuntary74. As used throughout the passage, the term "common" is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. ordinary.B. shared.C. simple.D. popular.75. Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?A. The author describes a concept by analyzing its three forms.B. The **pares and contrasts two types of human relations.C. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic.D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion.Ⅲ Cloze TestMotivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results (1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative (2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, (3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away (4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives (5) needs, wants or desires, (6) negative drives as fears or aversions. (7) , though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically (8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in (9) they both serve to initiate andsustain human behavior. (10) this reason, researchers often refer (11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, (12) , can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is (14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to (15) types simply as goals. Consider this example.A middle-aged woman may wish to remain (16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and (17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin (18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. (19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the (20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal -- wrinkled skin.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.Ⅳ Writing96. Instruction:Write an essay in around 300 English words on the following subject:What Is a Good Translator?What are, in your opinion, the 3 basic qualifications a good translator should have? Give yourreasons. Your essay should consist of a lead-in paragraph, a concluding one and the body.。

人事部的翻译资格证（CATTI）近几年貌似有升温的趋势，但网上俄语方面的资料跟经验贴很少。

与四级、八级一样，这个考试在某种意义上来讲虽然是水平的体现，但仍然需要把握其脉络和方向，以达到事半功倍的目的。

特此以亲身经历全面介绍一下这个考试，希望能对各位俄语翻译同仁有所帮助。

1. CATTI简介及用途人事部的“全国翻译资格（水平）考试”算是国内翻译领域最权威的考试了，尤其对于小语种翻译而言，可以说是进入翻译行业的重要敲门砖和求职砝码。

考试分为二级和三级（刚刚知道一级和资深级只存在于传说之中，英语的一级也只是今年才开始有，俄语的大概几年之内都会维持现状），二级较难，三级较易。

能拿到二级证书，可以说对求职就很有利了。

翻译公司一般比较看重这个证书，某些事业单位要用这个评职称，而有志于从事外贸或是其他行业的同学基本就用不到了。

考试分为口译和笔译，是两个不同的证书，可以一起考，也可以分开考，混报二级笔译三级口译也没问题。

口译、笔译都分为综合和实务两科，综合是听力、阅读、完型等大家比较熟悉的题型，口译实务是交传，机考（跟四八级一样），笔译实务是俄汉互译，下面的题型介绍中会详细讲到。

两科的综合和实务必须同时通过。

官网：，里面的考试论坛比较有用，有很多经验贴，虽然都是英语的。

2. 报名、考试时间、地点及费用俄语作为小语种，只能在下半年北京考试（英语每年5月、11月两次，且各地均可考试）。

报名时间一般是8月下旬，20几号，可以留意官网的通知，看北京地区的报名时间就是。

考试时间是每年11月的第二个周末，周六口译（上午综合10:00-11:00，下午实务13:30-14:30），周日笔译（上午综合9:30-11:30，下午实务14:00-17:00）。

报名、交费都在网上完成。

具体的费用有点记不清了，二级口译500多，笔译400多，一共990，三级加起来便宜100块钱左右。

外地的同学车费、旅馆费自理。

住的问题其实不用担心，考点都是高校，周边的旅馆很多，但如果有条件还是建议提前在网上或者找朋友预订一下，尤其是周日的笔译，考试人数很多，周边旅馆爆满。

2023年catti韩国语笔译2级考试准备攻略1. 了解考试内容和要求2023年catti韩国语笔译2级考试是一项重要的语言能力测试，旨在评估考生的韩语听说读写能力和笔译能力。

考试内容涵盖了日常生活和工作中常见的各种话题，要求考生具备较高的语言表达能力和翻译实践能力。

为了顺利通过考试，考生需要对考试大纲和要求进行全面了解，并进行有针对性的备考。

2. 提升听说读写能力在备考过程中，考生需要注重提升自己的听说读写能力。

可以通过大量阅读、听力练习、口语表达和书面表达来提高自己的语言水平。

要注重积累词汇和短语，逐步拓展自己的表达能力，以应对考试中的各种语言难题。

3. 加强笔译能力训练另外，考生还需要加强自己的笔译能力训练。

可以选择一些优质的韩语原版书籍、文章和新闻报道，通过翻译练习来提高自己的翻译水平。

在翻译过程中，要注重准确理解原文的含义，灵活运用语言表达，保证译文的流畅和准确度。

4. 注重综合能力提升考生还需要注重综合能力的提升。

考试中可能涉及到各种主题和领域的内容，因此需要加强对不同话题的了解和熟悉，具备一定的跨学科知识和综合应用能力。

5. 持之以恒，注重实践备考catti韩国语笔译2级考试需要考生持之以恒，注重实践。

不仅要通过课内学习，还要注重课外实践，多参与语言交流和翻译实践，提升自己的语言能力和应试能力。

总结与回顾备考2023年catti韩国语笔译2级考试需要考生全面提升自己的听说读写能力和翻译能力，同时注重综合能力的提升，持之以恒，注重实践。

只有全面提升自己的语言水平和应试能力，才能顺利通过考试。

希望考生能够根据以上准备攻略，有针对性地进行备考，取得优异成绩。

个人观点和理解作为一名经验丰富的语言考试辅导老师，我深知备考catti韩国语笔译2级考试的重要性和要求。

通过对考试内容和要求的了解，以及对考生的指导和培训，我坚信只有认真备考，明确目标，进行有针对性的训练，才能在考试中取得好成绩。

希望考生能够根据我的建议和准备攻略，认真备考，取得优异成绩。

catti三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(四)一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 社会主义核心价值观（core socialist values）2. 人工智能（artificial intelligence）3. 共享经济（sharing economy）4. 精准扶贫（targeted poverty alleviation）5. 绿色发展（green development）6. 一带一路（Belt and Road Initiative）7. 网络空间治理（cybersecurity governance）8. 创新驱动发展（innovation-driven development）9. 自由贸易区（free trade area）10. 智能制造（intelligent manufacturing）二、短语翻译（每题3分，共30分）11. 全面建设社会主义现代化国家（comprehensively build a socialist modern country）12. 脱贫攻坚战（the fight against poverty）13. 互联网+（Internet+）14. 新型大国关系（a new type of major-country relationship）15. 人民币国际化（renminbi internationalization）16. 智慧城市（smart city）17. 社会主义核心价值观教育（education on core socialist values）18. 生态补偿（ecological compensation）19. 中华民族优秀传统文化（the excellent traditional Chinese culture）20. 公平竞争（fair competition）三、篇章翻译（40分）请将以下中文文章翻译成英文：随着我国经济社会发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2016年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。

Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your h ard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you’re likely to face in married life? Y ou know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceéis dead set on a fairytale wedding? Y ou could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice housecat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indiscriminately.Passage 2My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits – based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors Jean M. Twenge and W. Keith Campbell show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Da y that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progre ssive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do not want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-love.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。