Passage 1
Early in the film "A Beautiful Mind", the mathematician John Nash is seen sitting in a
Princeton courtyard, hunched over a playing board covered with small black and white pieces
that look like pebbles. He was playing Go, an ancient Asian game. Frustration at losing that game
inspired the real Nash to pursue the mathematics of game theory, research for which he
eventually was awarded a Nobel Prize.
In recent years, computer experts, particularly those specializing in artificial intelligence,
have felt the same fascination and frustration. Programming other board games has been a
relative snap. Even chess has succumbed to the power of the processor. Five years ago, a
chess-playing computer called Deep Blue not only beat but thoroughly humbled Garry Kasparov,
the world champion at that time. That is because chess, while highly complex, can be reduced to
a matter of brute force computation. Go is different. Deceptively easy to learn, either for a
computer or a human, it is a game of such depth and complexity that it can take years for a
person to become a strong player. To date, no computer has been able to achieve a skill level
beyond that of the casual player.
The game is played on a board divided into a grid of 19 horizontal and 19 vertical lines.
Black and white pieces called stones are placed one at a time on the grid's intersections. The
object is to acquire and defend territory by surrounding it with stones. Programmers working on
Go see it as more accurate than chess in reflecting the ways the human mind works. The
challenge of programming a computer to mimic that process goes to the core of artificial
intelligence, which involves the study of learning and decision-making, strategic thinking,
knowledge representation, pattern recognition and perhaps most intriguingly, intuition.
30. . What does this passage mainly discuss?____
[A] The mathematician John Nash playing board in the film "A Beautiful Mind".
[B] Computer experts' fascination and frustration.
[C] The brief introduction to the game Go.
[D] Artificial intelligence involved in the game Go.
31. The italicized word "succumbed" in second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
[A] related
[B] yielded
[C] beat
[D] frustrated
32. What does the author mean by saying "Go is different" in Para. 2?____
[A] Go, seen from other perspective, is just a matte of computation.
[B] It is a game easy to learn, either for a computer or a human.
[C] It's quite difficult for a person to become a strong player of this game because of its depth
and complexity.
[D] Till now, no computer has been able to achieve a skill level beyond that of the casual player.
33. Which of the following is true of the game of Go?____
[A] It's not a snap compared with chess.
[B] The purpose of this game to conquer and offend.
[C] It can reflect the ways the human mind works.
[D] There are black and white stones played in the game.
34. Go is more accurate than other board games in reflecting the ways the human mind works because ____.
[A] it is played on a board divided into a grid of 19 horizontal and 19 vertical lines
[B] programming a computer to mimic of' process of the work of human mind involves the
thorough study of the artificial intelligence
[C] it not only beat but thoroughly humbled Garry Kasparov, the world champion at that time
[D] it is to mimic that process of programming a computer
Passage 2
A convicted sex offender, released on parole(假释), submits to a polygraph test(测试试验).
"Have you ever told even one lie?" asks the examiner. "No," says the man and the needles
on the polygraph machine barely shift from their rhythmic(有规则的) movements.
You can guess, of course, whether the man was answering truthfully but today's polygraphs
cannot. All they record are pulse, respiration(呼吸), skin temperature and other signs that may
suggest whether someone seems nervous When asked a damning question.
Machines can be fooled, but it may not always be that way.
"I suspect that it may Be much harder to manipulate brain blood flow," says Dr. Daniel
Langleben, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.
Langleben and his colleagues have been experimenting with computerized brain scans
functional magnetic resonance imaging (功能性磁共振成像). This giant machine can show the
amount of blood flow to different sections of the brain in precise detail.
They wanted to see what changes' could be measured inside the brain when people are
deceitful. They asked people to lie inside the scanner and lie through their teeth. When answers
from many test subjects were combined and averaged by a computer, they clearly showed that
when people lie, they use more sections of the brain than when they tell the truth.
"The question it raised for me is whether, in order to tell a lie, you need to inhibit
something, and whether that something is the truth," he says. In other words, people may
naturally be truth tellers. The brain works harder to lie. Langleben was never out to make a better
lie detector, but his research, along with others', .could someday lead to one.
35. It’s implied in the convicted sex offender's case that ____.
[A] it may be much harder to manipulate brain blood flow
[B] the needles on the polygraph machine barely Shift from their rhythmic movements
[C] the man submits to a polygraph test when released on parole
[D] today's polygraphs fail to provide sound evidence to prove whether the examinee is telling
truthfully
36. Judging from the passage, which of the following statement is true?____
[A] Machines can be fooled, but there is always one machine that can be controlled.
[B] The functional magnetic resonance imaging is designed to tell the liars from the truth
tellers.
[C] Langleben and his colleagues are working hard on a more advanced polygraph.
[D] In Dr. Daniel Langleben's experiment, the test subjects' answer to the scanner show that
their brain will work less harder when people are telling truthfully.
37. "People may naturally be truth tellers" in the last paragraph may suggest ____.
[A] people need to restrict something, and whether that something is the truth or the lie
[B] people don't need to use more sections of the brain when they tell naturally
