Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Articles of Agreement
《亚洲基础设施投资银行协定》
本协定签署国一致同意：
The countries on whose behalf the present Agreement is signed agree as follows:
考虑到在全球化背景下，区域合作在推动亚洲经济体持续增长及经济和社会发展方面具有重要意义，也有助于提升本地区应对未来金融危机和其他外部冲击的能力；CONSIDERING the importance of regional cooperation to sustain growth and promote economic and social development of the economies in Asia and thereby contribute to regional resilience against potential financial crises and other external shocks in the context of globalization;
认识到基础设施发展在推动区域互联互通和一体化方面具有重要意义，也有助于推进亚洲经济增长和社会发展，进而为全球经济发展提供新动力；
ACKNOWLEDGING the significance of infrastructure development in expanding regional connectivity and improving regional integration, thereby promoting economic growth and sustaining social development for the people in Asia, and contributing to global economic dynamism;
认识到亚洲基础设施投资银行（以下简称“银行”）通过与现有多边开发银行开展合作，将更好地为亚洲地区长期的巨额基础设施建设融资缺口提供资金支持；
REALIZING that the considerable long-term need for financing infrastructure development in Asia will be met more adequately by a partnership among existing multilateral development banks and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (hereinafter referred to as the "Bank");
确信作为旨在支持基础设施发展的多边金融机构，银行的成立将有助于从亚洲域内及域外动员更多的亟需资金，缓解亚洲经济体面临的融资瓶颈，与现有多边开发银行形成互补，推进亚洲实现持续稳定增长；
CONVINCED that the establishment of the Bank as a multilateral financial institution focused on infrastructure development will help to mobilize much needed additional resources from inside and outside Asia and to remove the financing bottlenecks faced by the individual economies in Asia, and will complement the existing multilateral development banks, to promote sustained and stable growth in Asia;
同意成立银行，并遵照本协定所做出的如下规定进行运作：
HA VE AGREED to establish the Bank, which shall operate in accordance with the following:
第一章宗旨、职能和成员资格
Chapter I PURPOSE, FUNCTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP
第一条宗旨
Article 1 Purpose
一、银行宗旨在于：（一）通过在基础设施及其他生产性领域的投资，促进亚洲经济可持续发展、创造财富并改善基础设施互联互通；（二）与其他多边和双边开发机构紧密合作，推进区域合作和伙伴关系，应对发展挑战。
1. The purpose of the Bank shall be to: (i) foster sustainable economic development, create wealth and improve infrastructure connectivity in Asia by investing in infrastructure and other productive sectors; and (ii) promote regional cooperation and partnership in addressing development challenges by working in close collaboration with other multilateral and bilateral development institutions.
二、本协定中凡提及“亚洲”和“本区域”之处，除理事会另有规定外，均指根据联合国定义所指的属亚洲和大洋洲的地理区划和组成。
2. Wherever used in this Agreement, references to “Asia”and “region”shall include the geographical regions and composition classified as Asia and Oceania by the United Nations, except as otherwise decided by the Board of Governors.
第二条职能
Article 2 Functions
为履行其宗旨，银行应具备以下职能：
To implement its purpose, the Bank shall have the following functions:
（一）推动区域内发展领域的公共和私营资本投资，尤其是基础设施和其他生产性领域的发展；
(i) to promote investment in the region of public and private capital for development purposes, in particular for development of infrastructure and other productive sectors;
（二）利用其可支配资金为本区域发展事业提供融资支持，包括能最有效支持本区域整体经济和谐发展的项目和规划，并特别关注本区域欠发达成员的需求；
(ii) to utilize the resources at its disposal for financing such development in the region, including those projects and programs which will contribute most effectively to the harmonious economic growth of the region as a whole and having special regard to the needs of less developed members in the region;
（三）鼓励私营资本参与投资有利于区域经济发展，尤其是基础设施和其他生产性领域发展的项目、企业和活动，并在无法以合理条件获取私营资本融资时，对私营投资进行补充；并且，
(iii) to encourage private investment in projects, enterprises and activities contributing to economic development in the region, in particular in infrastructure and other productive sectors, and to supplement private investment when private capital is not available on reasonable terms and conditions; and
（四）为强化这些职能开展的其他活动和提供的其他服务。
(iv) to undertake such other activities and provide such other services as may further these
functions.
第三条成员资格
Article 3 Membership
一、银行成员资格向国际复兴开发银行和亚洲开发银行成员开放。
1. Membership in the Bank shall be open to members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank.
(一) 域内成员是指列入附件一第一部分的成员及依照第一条第二款属亚洲区域的其他成员，其余则为域外成员。
(a) Regional members shall be those members listed in Part A of Schedule A and other members included in the Asia region in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 1. All other members shall be non-regional members.
(二) 创始成员指已列入附件一、在第五十七条规定的日期当日或之前签署本协定并在第五十八条第一款规定的最终日期前已满足所有成员条件的成员。
(b) Founding Members shall be those members listed in Schedule A which, on or before the date specified in Article 57, shall have signed this Agreement and shall have fulfilled all other conditions of membership before the final date specified under paragraph 1 of Article 58.
二、国际复兴开发银行和亚洲开发银行成员，如未能依照第五十八条规定加入银行，可依照第二十八条规定经理事会特别多数投票同意后，遵照银行决定的加入条件成为银行成员。2. Members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank which do not become members in accordance with Article 58 may be admitted, under such terms and conditions as the Bank shall determine, to membership in the Bank by a Special Majority vote of the Board of Governors as provided in Article 28.
三、不享有主权或无法对自身国际关系行为负责的申请方，应由对其国际关系行为负责的银行成员同意或代其向银行提出加入申请。
3. In the case of an applicant which is not sovereign or not responsible for the conduct of its international relations, application for membership in the Bank shall be presented or agreed by the member of the Bank responsible for its international relations.
第二章资本
CHAPTER II CAPITAL
第四条法定股本
Article 4 Authorized Capital
一、银行法定股本为壹仟亿美元，分为壹佰万股，每股的票面价值为拾万美元，只供成员依照本协定第五条的规定认缴。
1. The authorized capital stock of the Bank shall be one hundred billion United States dollars ($100,000,000,000), divided into one million (1,000,000) shares having a par value of 100,000 dollars ($100,000) each, which shall be available for subscription only by members in accordance
with the provisions of Article 5.
二、初始法定股本分为实缴股本和待缴股本。实缴股本的票面总价值为贰佰亿美元，待缴股本的票面总价值为捌佰亿美元。
2. The original authorized capital stock shall be divided into paid-in shares and callable shares. Shares having an aggregate par value of twenty billion dollars ($20,000,000,000) shall be paid-in shares, and shares having an aggregate par value of eighty billion dollars ($80,000,000,000) shall be callable.
三、理事会可依照第二十八条规定，在适当时间按适当条件，经理事会超级多数投票同意后，增加银行的法定股本，包括实缴股本和待缴股本之间的比例。
3. The authorized capital stock of the Bank may be increased by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, at such time and under such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable, including the proportion between paid-in and callable shares.
四、本协定凡提及“美元”及“$”符号均指美利坚合众国的法定支付货币。
4. The term “dollar”and the symbol “$”wherever used in this Agreement shall be understood as being the official currency of payment of the United States of America.
第五条股本认缴
Article 5 Subscription of Shares
一、每个成员均须认缴银行的股本。认缴初始法定股本时，实缴股本与待缴股本之间的比例应为2：8。依照第五十八条规定获得成员资格的国家，其初始认缴股份数按本协定附件一执行。
1. Each member shall subscribe to shares of the capital stock of the Bank. Each subscription to the original authorized capital stock shall be for paid-in shares and callable shares in the proportion two (2) to eight (8). The initial number of shares available to be subscribed by countries which become members in accordance with Article 58 shall be that set forth in Schedule A.
二、依照本协定第三条第二款加入的成员，其初始认缴股份数应由理事会决定；若其认缴将使域内成员持有股本在总股本中的比例降至百分之七十五以下时，除非理事会依照第二十八条规定经超级多数投票通过，否则不予批准。
2. The initial number of shares to be subscribed by countries which are admitted to membership in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3 shall be determined by the Board of Governors; provided, however, that no such subscription shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
三、理事会可以应某一成员要求，依照第二十八条规定，经超级多数投票通过，同意该成员按照确定的条件和要求增加认缴；若其认缴使域内成员持有股本在总股本中的比例降至百分之七十五以下时，除非理事会依照第二十八条规定经超级多数投票通过，否则不予批准。3. The Board of Governors may, at the request of a member, increase the subscription of such
member on such terms and conditions as the Board may determine by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28; provided, however, that no such increase in the subscription of any member shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
四、理事会每隔不超过五年对银行的总股本进行审议。法定股本增加时，每个成员都将有合理机会按理事会决定的条件进行认缴，其认缴部分占总增加股本的比例应与此次增资前其认缴股本占总认缴股本的比例相同。任何成员均无义务认缴任何增加股本。
4. The Board of Governors shall at intervals of not more than five (5) years review the capital stock of the Bank. In case of an increase in the authorized capital stock, each member shall have a reasonable opportunity to subscribe, under such terms and conditions as the Board of Governors shall determine, to a proportion of the increase of stock equivalent to the proportion which its stock theretofore subscribed bears to the total subscribed capital stock immediately prior to such increase. No member shall be obligated to subscribe to any part of an increase of capital stock.
第六条对认缴股本的支付
Article 6 Payment of Subscriptions
一、依照第五十八条获得成员资格的本协定签署方，其初始认缴股本中实缴股本分五次缴清，每次缴纳百分之二十，本条第五款中特殊规定的除外。第一次缴付应在本协定生效后三十天内完成，或在第五十八条第一款规定的批准书、接受书或核准书递交之日或之前缴付，以后发生者为准。第二次缴付在本协定生效期满一年内完成。其余三次将相继在上一次到期一年内完成。
1. Payment of the amount initially subscribed by each Signatory to this Agreement which becomes
a member in accordance with Article 58 to the paid-in capital stock of the Bank shall be made in five (5) installments, of twenty (20) per cent each of such amount, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The first installment shall be paid by each member within thirty (30) days after entry into force of this Agreement, or on or before the date of deposit on its behalf of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 58, whichever is later. The second installment shall become due one (1) year from the entry into force of this Agreement. The remaining three (3) installments shall become due successively one (1) year from the date on which the preceding installment becomes due.
二、除本条第五款规定之外，对初始认缴中原始实缴股本的每次缴付均应使用美元或其他可兑换货币。银行可随时将此类缴付转换为美元。如若到期未能完成缴付，则相应的实缴和待缴股本所赋予的权利，包括投票权等都将中止，直至银行收到到期股本的缴付。
2. Each installment of the payment of initial subscriptions to the original paid-in capital stock shall be paid in dollars or other convertible currency, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The Bank may at any time convert such payments into dollars. All rights, including voting rights, acquired in respect of paid-in and associated callable shares for which such payments are due but have not been received shall be suspended until full payment is received by the Bank.
三、银行的待缴股本，仅在银行需偿付债务时方予催缴。成员可选择美元或银行偿债所需货
币进行缴付。在催缴待缴股本时，所有待缴股份的催缴比例应一致。
3. Payment of the amount subscribed to the callable capital stock of the Bank shall be subject to call only as and when required by the Bank to meet its liabilities. In the event of such a call, payment may be made at the option of the member in dollars or in the currency required to discharge the obligations of the Bank for the purpose of which the call is made. Calls on unpaid subscriptions shall be uniform in percentage on all callable shares.
四、本条提及的各种缴付的地点由银行决定，但在理事会举行首次会议之前，本条第一款所指的首次付款应支付给银行的托管方，即中华人民共和国政府。
4. The Bank shall determine the place for any payment under this Article, provided that, until the inaugural meeting of the Board of Governors, the payment of the first installment referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be made to the Government of the People’s Republic of China, as Trustee for the Bank.
五、就本款而言，被认定为欠发达国家的成员在缴付本条第一款和第二款所规定的股本时可选择以下任一方式完成，即：
5. A member considered as a less developed country for purposes of this paragraph may pay its subscription under paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as an alternative, either:
(一) 可全部使用美元或其他可兑换货币，最多分十次缴付，每次缴付金额相当于总额的百分之十，第一次和第二次缴付的到期日参照第一款规定，第三次至第十次的缴付应在本协定生效两年内及之后每满一年内相继完成；或者
(a) entirely in dollars or other convertible currency in up to ten (10) installments, with each such installment equal to ten (10) percent of the total amount, the first and second installments due as provided in paragraph 1, and the third through tenth installments due on the second and subsequent anniversary dates of the entry into force of this Agreement; or
(二) 每次缴付中，成员可在部分使用美元或其他可兑换货币的同时，使用本币完成其中不超过百分之五十的缴付，并按照本条第一款规定的时间完成每次缴付，同时此类缴付应符合以下规定：
(b) with a portion in dollars or other convertible currency and a portion of up to fifty (50) per cent of each installment in the currency of the member, following the schedule of installments provided in paragraph 1 of this Article. The following provisions shall apply to payments under this sub-paragraph (b):
1、成员应在本条第一款规定的缴付时间向银行说明其将用本币缴付的金额比例；
(i) The member shall advise the Bank at the time of subscription under paragraph 1 of this Article of the proportion of payments to be made in its own currency.
2、依照本条第五款规定完成的每次本币缴付金额应由银行按照与美元完全等值的金额计算。首次缴付时成员可自行确定应缴付金额，但银行可在付款到期日前九十天内做出适当调整，以使所缴付金额与按美元计算的金额完全等值。
(ii) Each payment of a member in its own currency under this paragraph 5 shall be in such amount as the Bank determines to be equivalent to the full value in terms of dollars of the portion of the
subscription being paid. The initial payment shall be in such amount as the member considers appropriate hereunder but shall be subject to such adjustment, to be effected within ninety (90) days of the date on which such payment was due, as the Bank shall determine to be necessary to constitute the full dollar equivalent of such payment.
3、无论何时，只要银行认为一个成员的货币已大幅贬值，该成员应在一段合理期限内向银行缴付额外的本币金额，以确保银行账面持有的该成员以本币认缴股本的价值不变。(iii) Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has depreciated to a significant extent, that member shall pay to the Bank within a reasonable time an additional amount of its currency required to maintain 6 the value of all such currency held by the Bank on account of its subscription.
4、无论何时，只要银行认为一个成员的货币已大幅升值，银行应在一段合理期限内向该成员退付一定数量的本币金额，以调整银行账面持有的该成员以本币认缴股本的价值。(iv) Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has appreciated to a significant extent, the Bank shall pay to that member within a reasonable time an amount of that currency required to adjust the value of all such currency held by the Bank on account of its subscription.
5、银行可放弃本项第3目赋予的偿付权利，成员可放弃本项第4目赋予的偿付权利。(v) The Bank may waive its rights to payment under sub-paragraph (iii) and the member may waive its rights to payment under sub-paragraph (iv).
六、银行接受任何成员使用该成员政府或其指定的存托机构所发行的本票或其他债券缴付该成员依照本条第五款第（二）项规定的以本币缴付金额，前提是银行在经营中不需要使用上述金额的成员货币。上述本票或债券应为不可转让、无息并可应银行要求按面值见票即付。
6. The Bank shall accept from any member paying its subscription under sub-paragraph 5 (b) of this Article promissory notes or other obligations issued by the Government of the member, or by the depository designated by such member, in lieu of the amount to be paid in the currency of the member, provided such amount is not required by the Bank for the conduct of its operations. Such notes or obligations shall be non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing, and payable to the Bank at par value upon demand.
第七条股份缴付条件
Article 7 Terms of Shares
一、成员初始认缴股份应按面值发行。其他股份也应按照面值发行，除非理事会在特殊情况下依照第二十八条规定经特别多数投票通过，决定以其他条件发行股份。
1. Shares of stock initially subscribed by members shall be issued at par. Other shares shall be issued at par unless the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28 decides in special circumstances to issue them on other terms.
二、股份不得以任何形式进行质押或抵押，且仅可以向银行转让。
2. Shares of stock shall not be pledged or encumbered in any manner whatsoever, and they shall be transferable only to the Bank.
三、成员股权债务应仅限于其所持股份发行额中未缴付部分。
3. The liability of the members on shares shall be limited to the unpaid portion of their issue price.
四、成员不因其成员地位而对银行的债务负责。
4. No member shall be liable, by reason of its membership, for obligations of the Bank.
第八条普通资本
Article 8 Ordinary Resources
本协定中“普通资本”一词包括以下内容：
As used in this Agreement, the term "ordinary resources" of the Bank shall include the following:
（一）依照本协定第五条规定认缴的银行法定股本，包括实缴股本和待缴股本；
(i) authorized capital stock of the Bank, including both paid-in and callable shares, subscribed pursuant to Article 5;
（二）银行依照第十六条第一款授权筹集的资金，此类资金的兑付承诺适用本协定第六条第三款的规定；
(ii) funds raised by the Bank by virtue of powers conferred by paragraph 1 of Article 16, to which the commitment to calls provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable;
（三）因使用本条第（一）、（二）项资金发放贷款或担保的偿付所得，或使用上述资金进行股权投资或依照第十一条第二款第（六）项批准的其他类型融资的所得收益；
(iii) funds received in repayment of loans or guarantees made with the resources indicated in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of this Article or as returns on equity investments and other types of financing approved under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11 made with such resources;
（四）使用前述资金发放贷款或依照第六条第三款的兑付承诺所做担保获得的收入；(iv) income derived from loans made from the aforementioned funds or from guarantees to which the commitment to calls set forth in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable; and
（五）银行收到的其他不属于本协定第十七条规定的特别基金的其他任何资金或收入。(v) any other funds or income received by the Bank which do not form part of its Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17 of this Agreement.
第三章银行业务运营
CHAPTER III OPERA TIONS OF THE BANK
第九条资金使用
Article 9 Use of Resources
银行资金仅可依照稳健的银行原则用于履行本协定第一条和第二条所规定的宗旨和职能。The resources and facilities of the Bank shall be used exclusively to implement the purpose and functions set forth, respectively, in Articles 1 and 2, and in accordance with sound banking
principles.
第十条普通业务与特别业务
Article 10 Ordinary and Special Operations
一、银行的业务包括：
1. The operations of the Bank shall consist of:
（一）本协定第八条提及的，由银行普通资本提供融资的普通业务；
(i) ordinary operations financed from the ordinary resources of the Bank, referred to in Article 8; and
（二）本协定第十七条提及的，由银行特别基金提供融资的特别业务。
(ii) special operations financed from the Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17.
两种业务可以同时为同一个项目或规划的不同部分提供融资。
The two types of operations may separately finance elements of the same project or program.
二、银行的普通资本和特别基金在持有、使用、承诺、投资或作其他处置时，在任何时候、各个方面均须完全分离。银行的财务报表亦应将普通业务和特别业务分别列出。
2. The ordinary resources and the Special Funds resources of the Bank shall at all times and in all respects be held, used, committed, invested or otherwise disposed of entirely separately from each other. The financial statements of the Bank shall show the ordinary operations and special operations separately.
三、任何情况下银行普通资本都不得用以缴付或清偿由特别基金担负或承诺的特别业务或其他活动发生的支出、亏损或负债。
3. The ordinary resources of the Bank shall, under no circumstances, be charged with, or used to discharge, losses or liabilities arising out of special operations or other activities for which Special Funds resources were originally used or committed.
四、普通业务直接发生的支出由普通资本列支；特别业务发生的支出由特别基金列支。其他任何支出的列支由银行另行决定。
4. Expenses appertaining directly to ordinary operations shall be charged to the ordinary resources of the Bank. Expenses appertaining directly to special operations shall be charged to the Special Funds resources. Any other expenses shall be charged as the Bank shall determine.
第十一条业务对象及方法
Article 11 Recipients and Methods of Operation
一、（一）银行可以向任何成员或其机构、单位或行政部门，或在成员的领土上经营的任何实体或企业，以及参与本区域经济发展的国际或区域性机构或实体提供融资。
1. (a) The Bank may provide or facilitate financing to any member, or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof, or any entity or enterprise operating in the territory of a member,
as well as to international or regional agencies or entities concerned with economic development of the region.
（二）在特殊情况下，银行可以向本款第（一）项以外的业务对象提供援助，前提是理事会依照第二十八条规定经超级多数投票通过：1、确认该援助符合银行的宗旨与职能以及银行成员的利益；2、明确可以向业务对象提供的本条第二款规定的融资支持类别。
(b) The Bank may, in special circumstances, provide assistance to a recipient not listed in sub-paragraph (a) above only if the Board of Governors, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28: (i) shall have determined that such assistance is designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank and is in the interest of the Bank’s membership; and (ii) shall have specified the types of assistance under paragraph 2 of this Article that may be provided to such recipient.
二、银行可以下列方式开展业务：
2. The Bank may carry out its operations in any of the following ways:
（一）直接贷款、联合融资或参与贷款；
(i) by making, co-financing or participating in direct loans;
（二）参与机构或企业的股权资本投资；
(ii) by investment of funds in the equity capital of an institution or enterprise;
（三）作为直接或间接债务人，全部或部分地为用于经济发展的贷款提供担保；
(iii) by guaranteeing, whether as primary or secondary obligor, in whole or in part, loans for economic development;
（四）根据特别基金的使用协定，配置特别基金的资源；
(iv) by deploying Special Funds resources in accordance with the agreements determining their use;
（五）依照第十五条的规定提供技术援助；
(v) by providing technical assistance in accordance with Article 15; or
（六）理事会依照第二十八条规定经特别多数投票通过决定的其他融资方式。
(vi) through other types of financing as may be determined by the Board of Governors, by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
第十二条普通业务的限制条件
Article 12 Limitations on Ordinary Operations
一、银行依照本协定第十一条第二款第（一）、（二）、（三）、和（四）项从事的贷款、股权投资、担保和其他形式融资等普通业务中的未收清款项，任何时候都不得超过普通资本中未动用认缴股本、储备资金和留存收益的总额。但理事会有权依照本协定第二十八条规定，经超级多数投票通过后，根据银行的财务状况随时提高上述对银行普通业务的财务限制，最
高可至普通资本中未动用认缴股本、储备资金和留存收益总额的250%。
1. The total amount outstanding of loans, equity investments, guarantees and other types of financing provided by the Bank in its ordinary operations under sub-paragraphs 2 (i), (ii), (iii) and (vi) of Article 11 shall not at any time be increased, if by such increase the total amount of its unimpaired subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources would be exceeded. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding sentence, the Board of Governors may, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, determine at any time that, based on the Bank’s financial position and financial standing, the limitation under this paragraph may be increased, up to 250% of the Bank’s unimpaired subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources.
二、银行已拨付股权投资的总额不得超过当期相应的银行未动用实缴股本和普通储备资金总额。
2. The amount of the Bank’s disbursed equity investments shall not at any time exceed an amount corresponding to its total unimpaired paid-in subscribed capital and general reserves.
第十三条业务原则
Article 13 Operating Principles
银行应依据下列原则开展业务：
The operations of the Bank shall be conducted in accordance with the principles set out below.
（一）银行应按照稳健的银行原则开展业务；
1. The Bank shall be guided by sound banking principles in its operations.
（二）银行业务应主要是特定项目或特定投资规划融资、股权投资以及第十五条规定的技术援助；
2. The operations of the Bank shall provide principally for the financing of specific projects or specific investment programs, for equity investment, and for technical assistance in accordance with Article 15.
（三）银行不得在成员反对的情况下，在该成员境内开展融资业务；
3. The Bank shall not finance any undertaking in the territory of a member if that member objects to such financing.
（四）银行应保证其从事的每项业务均符合银行的业务和财务政策，包括但不仅限于针对环境和社会影响方面的政策；
4. The Bank shall ensure that each of its operations complies with the Bank’s operational and financial policies, including without limitation, policies addressing environmental and social impacts.
（五）银行审议融资申请时，应在综合考虑有关因素的同时，适当关注借款人以银行认为合理的条件从别处获得资金的能力；
5. In considering an application for financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the ability of the recipient to obtain financing or facilities elsewhere on terms and conditions that the Bank
considers reasonable for the recipient, taking into account all pertinent factors.
（六）银行在提供或担保融资时，应适当关注借款人及担保人未来按融资合同规定的条件履行其义务的可能性；
6. In providing or guaranteeing financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the prospects that the recipient and guarantor, if any, will be in a position to meet their obligations under the financing contract.
（七）银行在提供或担保融资时，应采取银行认为对该项融资和银行风险均适宜的融资条件，包括利率、其他费用和还本安排；
7. In providing or guaranteeing financing, the financial terms, such as rate of interest and other charges and the schedule for repayment of principal shall be such as are, in the opinion of the Bank, appropriate for the financing concerned and the risk to the Bank.
（八）银行不应对普通业务或特别业务中银行融资项目的货物和服务采购进行国别限制；8. The Bank shall place no restriction upon the procurement of goods and services from any country from the proceeds of any financing undertaken in the ordinary or special operations of the Bank.
（九）银行应采取必要措施保证其提供、担保或参与的融资资金仅用于融资所规定的目标，并应兼顾节约和效率；
9. The Bank shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the proceeds of any financing provided, guaranteed or participated in by the Bank are used only for the purposes for which the financing was granted and with due attention to considerations of economy and efficiency.
（十）银行应尽可能避免不均衡地将过多资金用于某一或某些成员的利益；
10. The Bank shall pay due regard to the desirability of avoiding a disproportionate amount of its resources being used for the benefit of any member.
（十一）银行应设法保持其股权资本投资的多样化。除非出于保护其投资的需要，否则银行在其股权投资项目中，对所投资的实体或企业不应承担任何管理责任，也不应寻求对该实体或企业的控制权。
11. The Bank shall seek to maintain reasonable diversification in its investments in equity capital. In its equity investments, the Bank shall not assume responsibility for managing any entity or enterprise in which it has an investment and shall not seek a controlling interest in the entity or enterprise concerned, except where necessary to safeguard the investment of the Bank.
第十四条融资条件
Article 14 Terms and Conditions for Financing
一、银行在发放、参与或担保贷款时，应依照本协定第十三条规定的业务原则及本协定其他条款的规定，订立合同明确该贷款或担保的条件。在制定上述条件时，银行应充分考虑保障银行收益和财务状况的需要。
1. In the case of loans made or participated in or loans guaranteed by the Bank, the contract shall
establish, in conformity with the operating principles set forth in Article 13 and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the terms and conditions for the loan or the guarantee concerned. In setting such terms and conditions, the Bank shall take fully into account the need to safeguard its income and financial position.
二、当贷款或担保对象本身并非银行成员时，如银行认为可行，可以要求该项目执行所在地的成员，或者银行接受的该成员某个政府机构或其他机构，为贷款本金、利息和其他费用的按期如约偿还提供担保。
2. Where the recipient of loans or guarantees of loans is not itself a member, the Bank may, when it deems it advisable, require that the member in whose territory the project concerned is to be carried out, or a public agency or any instrumentality of that member acceptable to the Bank, guarantee the repayment of the principal and the payment of interest and other charges on the loan in accordance with the terms thereof.
三、任何股权投资的金额不得超过董事会通过的政策文件所允许的对该实体或企业进行股权投资的比例。
3. The amount of any equity investment shall not exceed such percentage of the equity capital of the entity or enterprise concerned as permitted under policies approved by the Board of Directors.
四、按照有关货币风险最小化的政策规定，银行可以使用一国的本币为银行在该国的业务提供融资。
4. The Bank may provide financing in its operations in the currency of the country concerned, in accordance with policies that minimize currency risk.
第十五条技术援助
Article 15 Technical Assistance
一、在符合银行宗旨和职能的情况下，银行可提供技术咨询、援助及其他类似形式的援助。
1. The Bank may provide technical advice and assistance and other similar forms of assistance which serve its purpose and come within its functions.
二、如遇提供上述服务的费用无法补偿时，银行可从其收益中支出。
2. Where expenditures incurred in furnishing such services are not reimbursable, the Bank shall charge such expenditures to the income of the Bank.
第四章银行资金
CHAPTER IV FINANCES OF THE BANK
第十六条一般权力
Article 16 General Powers
除本协定其他条款中明确规定的权力外，银行还应有以下权力。
In addition to the powers specified elsewhere in this Agreement, the Bank shall have the powers set out below.
（一）银行可以根据相关法律规定在成员国或其他地方通过举债或其他方式筹集资金。
1. The Bank may raise funds, through borrowing or other means, in member countries or elsewhere, in accordance with the relevant legal provisions.
（二）银行可以对其发行或担保或投资的证券进行买卖。
2. The Bank may buy and sell securities the Bank has issued or guaranteed or in which it has invested.
（三）为推动证券销售，银行可为其投资的证券提供担保。
3. The Bank may guarantee securities in which it has invested in order to facilitate their sale.
（四）银行可以承销或参与承销任何实体或企业发行的、目的与银行宗旨一致的证券。
4. The Bank may underwrite, or participate in the underwriting of, securities issued by any entity or enterprise for purposes consistent with the purpose of the Bank.
（五）银行可以将其业务经营未使用资金进行投资或存储。
5. The Bank may invest or deposit funds not needed in its operations.
（六）银行应确保在银行发行或担保的每份证券的外观上标有显著字样，声明该证券并非任何政府的债务；如该证券确实是某个特定政府的债务，则应做如实表述。
6. The Bank shall ensure that every security issued or guaranteed by the Bank shall bear on its face
a conspicuous statement to the effect that it is not an obligation of any Government, unless it is in fact the obligation of a particular Government, in which case it shall so state.
（七）根据理事会通过的信托基金框架，在信托基金的目标与银行宗旨和职能一致的前提下，银行可接受其他相关方的委托，成立并管理该信托基金。
7. The Bank may establish and administer funds held in trust for other parties, provided such trust funds are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, under a trust fund framework which shall have been approved by the Board of Governors.
（八）银行可以在理事会依照本协定第二十八条规定经特别多数投票通过后，以实现银行宗旨和职能为目的，成立附属机构。
8. The Bank may establish subsidiary entities which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, only with the approval of the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
（九）在符合本协定规定的前提下，银行可行使为进一步实现其宗旨和职能所需的适当的其他权力，并制定与此有关的规章。
9. The Bank may exercise such other powers and establish such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate in furtherance of its purpose and functions, consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.
第十七条特别基金
Article 17 Special Funds
一、银行可以接受与银行宗旨和职能一致的特别基金，此类特别基金属银行资源。特别基金的所有管理成本均应从该基金支出。
1. The Bank may accept Special Funds which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank; such Special Funds shall be resources of the Bank. The full cost of administering any Special Fund shall be charged to that Special Fund.
二、银行接受的特别基金的使用原则和条件应与银行的宗旨和职能一致，并符合就此类基金达成的相关协议。
2. Special Funds accepted by the Bank may be used on terms and conditions consistent with the purpose and functions of the Bank and with the agreement relating to such Funds.
三、银行应根据成立、管理和使用每个特别基金的需要制定特别规章。该规章应与本协定中除明确仅适用于普通业务的规定以外的所有条款保持一致。
3. The Bank shall adopt such special rules and regulations as may be required for the establishment, administration and use of each Special Fund. Such rules and regulations shall be consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, except for those provisions expressly applicable only to ordinary operations of the Bank.
四、“特别基金资源”一词应指所有特别基金的资源，包括：
4. The term "Special Funds resources" shall refer to the resources of any Special Fund and shall include:
（一）银行接收并纳入特别基金的资金；
(i) funds accepted by the Bank for inclusion in any Special Fund;
（二）根据银行管理特别基金的规章，用特别基金发放或担保的贷款所得，及其股权投资的收益，归属该特别基金；
(ii) funds received in respect of loans or guarantees, and the proceeds of any equity investments, financed from the resources of any Special Fund which, under the rules and regulations of the Bank governing that Special Fund, are received by such Special Fund;
（三）特别基金资金投资产生的任何收入;及
(iii) income derived from investment of Special Funds resources; and
（四）可由特别基金支配使用的任何其他资金。
(iv) any other resources placed at the disposal of any Special Fund.
第十八条净收入的分配和处置
Article 18 Allocation and Distribution of Net Income
一、理事会至少每年都应在扣除储备资金之后，就银行净收入在留存收益或其他事项以及可分配给成员的利润（如适用）之间的分配做出决定。任何将银行净收入分配用作其他用途的此类决策应依照第二十八条规定以超级多数投票通过。
1. The Board of Governors shall determine at least annually what part of the net income of the
Bank shall be allocated, after making provision for reserves, to retained earnings or other purposes and what part, if any, shall be distributed to the members. Any such decision on the allocation of the Bank’s net income to other purposes shall be taken by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
二、上一款中提及的分配应按照各成员所持股份的数量按比例完成，支付的方式和货币应由理事会决定。
2. The distribution referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made in proportion to the number of shares held by each member, and payments shall be made in such manner and in such currency as the Board of Governors shall determine.
第十九条货币
Article 19 Currencies
一、银行或任何银行款项接受方所接受、持有、使用或转让的货币在任何国家内进行缴付时，成员均不得对此施加任何限制。
1. Members shall not impose any restrictions on currencies, including the receipt, holding, use or transfer by the Bank or by any recipient from the Bank, for payments in any country.
二、当根据本协定需要以一种货币对另一货币进行估值，或决定某货币是否可兑换时，该估值或决定应由银行做出。
2. Whenever it shall become necessary under this Agreement to value any currency in terms of another or determine whether any currency is convertible, such valuation or determination shall be made by the Bank.
第二十条银行偿债的方式
Article 20 Methods of Meeting Liabilities of the Bank
一、银行从事普通业务时，若其所发放、参与或担保的贷款出现拖欠或违约，或其所投资的股权或依照第十一条第二款第（六）项做出的其他融资出现损失，银行可采取其认为适当的措施。银行应保持适当的拨备水平以应对可能发生的损失。
1. In the Bank’s ordinary operations, in cases of arrears or default on loans made, participated in, or guaranteed by the Bank, and in cases of losses on equity investment or other types of financing under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11, the Bank shall take such action as it deems appropriate. The Bank shall maintain appropriate provisions against possible losses.
二、银行普通业务发生的损失，应当：
2. Losses arising in the Bank’s ordinary operations shall be charged:
（一）首先依照本条第一款的规定处置；
(i) first, to the provisions referred to in paragraph 1 above;
（二）其次，由净收入支付；
(ii) second, to net income;
（三）第三，从储备资金和留存收益中支付；
(iii) third, against reserves and retained earnings;
（四）第四，从未动用实缴股本中支付；
(iv) fourth, against unimpaired paid-in capital; and
（五）最后，从可依照第六条第三款的规定进行催缴的待缴股本中适量缴付。
(v) last, against an appropriate amount of the uncalled subscribed callable capital which shall be called in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 6.
第五章治理
CHAPTER V GOVERNANCE
第二十一条治理结构
Article 21 Structure
银行应设立理事会、董事会、一名行长、一名或多名副行长，以及其他必要的高级职员与普通职员职位。
The Bank shall have a Board of Governors, a Board of Directors, a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, and such other officers and staff as may be considered necessary.
第二十二条理事会：构成
Article 22 Board of Governors: Composition
一、每个成员均应在理事会中有自己的代表，并应任命一名理事和一名副理事。每个理事和副理事均受命于其所代表的成员。除理事缺席情况外，副理事无投票权。
1. Each member shall be represented on the Board of Governors and shall appoint one Governor and one Alternate Governor. Each Governor and Alternate Governor shall serve at the pleasure of the appointing member. No Alternate Governor may vote except in the absence of his principal.
二、在银行每次年会上，理事会应选举一名理事担任主席，任期至下届主席选举为止。
2. At each of its annual meetings, the Board shall elect one of the Governors as Chairman who shall hold office until the election of the next Chairman.
三、理事和副理事任职期间，银行不予给付薪酬，但可支付其因出席会议产生的合理支出。
3. Governors and Alternate Governors shall serve as such without remuneration from the Bank, but the Bank may pay them reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings.
第二十三条理事会：权力
Article 23 Board of Governors: Powers
一、银行一切权力归理事会。
1. All the powers of the Bank shall be vested in the Board of Governors.
二、理事会可将其部分或全部权力授予董事会，但以下权力除外：
2. The Board of Governors may delegate to the Board of Directors any or all its powers, except the power to:
（一）吸收新成员和确定新成员加入条件；
(i) admit new members and determine the conditions of their admission;
（二）增加或减少银行法定股本；
(ii) increase or decrease the authorized capital stock of the Bank;
（三）中止成员资格；
(iii) suspend a member;
（四）裁决董事会对本协定的相关解释或适用提出的申诉；
(iv) decide appeals from interpretations or applications of this Agreement given by the Board of Directors;
（五）选举银行董事并依照第二十五条第六款决定须由银行负担的董事和副董事的支出及薪酬（如适用）；
(v) elect the Directors of the Bank and determine the expenses to be paid for Directors and Alternate Directors and remuneration, if any, pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article 25;
（六）选举行长，中止或解除行长职务，并决定行长的薪酬及其他任职条件；
(vi) elect the President, suspend or remove him from office, and determine his remuneration and other conditions of service;
（七）在审议审计报告后，批准银行总资产负债表和损益表；
(vii) approve, after reviewing the auditors’report, the general balance sheet and the statement of profit and loss of the Bank;
（八）决定银行的储备资金及净收益的配置与分配；
(viii) determine the reserves and the allocation and distribution of the net profits of the Bank;
（九）修订本协定；
(ix) amend this Agreement;
（十）决定终止银行业务并分配银行资产；及
(x) decide to terminate the operations of the Bank and to distribute its assets; and
（十一）行使本协定明确规定属于理事会的其他权力。
(xi) exercise such other powers as are expressly assigned to the Board of Governors in this Agreement.
三、对于理事会依照本条第二款授予董事会办理的任何事项，理事会均保留其执行决策的全
部权力。
3. The Board of Governors shall retain full power to exercise authority over any matter delegated to the Board of Directors under paragraph 2 of this Article.
第二十四条理事会：程序
Article 24 Board of Governors: Procedure
一、理事会应举行年会，并按理事会规定或董事会要求召开其他会议。当五个银行成员提出请求时，董事会即可要求召开理事会会议。
1. The Board of Governors shall hold an annual meeting and such other meetings as may be provided for by the Board of Governors or called by the Board of Directors. Meetings of the Board of Governors shall be called by the Board of Directors whenever requested by five (5) members of the Bank.
二、当出席会议的理事超过半数，且所代表的投票权不低于总投票权三分之二时，即构成任何理事会会议的法定人数。
2. A majority of the Governors shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of the Board of Governors, provided such majority represents not less than two-thirds of the total voting power of the members.
三、理事会应按照规定建立议事程序，允许董事会在毋需召集理事会会议的情况下取得理事对某一具体问题的投票表决，或在特殊情况下通过电子方式召开理事会会议。
3. The Board of Governors shall by regulation establish procedures whereby the Board of Directors may obtain a vote of the Governors on a specific question without a meeting and provide for electronic meetings of the Board of Governors in special circumstances.
四、理事会及董事会在授权范围内，可根据银行开展业务的必要性或适当性，设立附属机构、制定规章制度。
4. The Board of Governors, and the Board of Directors to the extent authorized, may establish such subsidiary entities, and adopt such rules and regulations, as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct the business of the Bank.
第二十五条董事会：构成
Article 25 Board of Directors: Composition
一、董事会应由十二名成员组成，董事会成员不得兼任理事会成员，其中：
1. The Board of Directors shall be composed of twelve (12) members who shall not be members of the Board of Governors, and of whom:
（一）九名应由代表域内成员的理事选出；
(i) nine (9) shall be elected by the Governors representing regional members; and
（二）三名应由代表域外成员的理事选出。
(ii) three (3) shall be elected by the Governors representing non-regional members.
董事应是在经济与金融事务方面具有较强专业能力的人士，并应根据本协定附件二选举产生。董事所代表的成员包括选其做董事的理事所属成员以及将选票委派给其的理事所属成员。
Directors shall be persons of high competence in economic and financial matters and shall be elected in accordance with Schedule B. Directors shall represent members whose Governors have elected them as well as members whose Governors assign their votes to them.
二、理事会应不定期审议董事会的规模与构成，并可依照第二十八条规定以超级多数投票形式，适当调整董事会的规模或构成。
2. The Board of Governors shall, from time to time, review the size and composition of the Board of Directors, and may increase or decrease the size or revise the composition as appropriate, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.
三、每名董事应任命一名副董事，在董事缺席时代表董事行使全部权力。理事会应通过规则，允许一定数量以上成员选举产生的董事任命第二名副董事。
3. Each Director shall appoint an Alternate Director with full power to act for him when he is not present. The Board of Governors shall adopt rules enabling a Director elected by more than a specified number of members to appoint an additional Alternate Director.
四、董事和副董事应为成员国的国民。不得同时有两名或两名以上董事同属一个国籍，也不得同时有两名或两名以上副董事同属一个国籍。副董事可参加董事会会议，但只有代表董事行使权力时才可以投票。
4. Directors and Alternate Directors shall be nationals of member countries. No two or more Directors may be of the same nationality nor may any two or more Alternate Directors be of the same nationality. Alternate Directors may participate in meetings of the Board but may vote only when the Alternate Director is acting in place of the Director.
五、董事任期两年，可以连选连任。
5. Directors shall hold office for a term of two (2) years and may be re-elected.
（一）董事任职应持续至下任董事选定并就职。
(a) Directors shall continue in office until their successors shall have been chosen and assumed office.
（二）若在董事任期截止日前一百八十天以上时，董事职位出缺，须由选举该董事职位的相关理事根据附件二选出一名继任者，完成余下任期。此类选举须相关理事经半数以上所投投票权表决通过。若在董事任期截止日前一百八十天或以下时董事职位出缺，可由选举该董事职位的理事以上述同样方式选出一名继任者。
(b) If the office of a Director becomes vacant more than one hundred and eighty (180) days before the end of his term, a successor shall be chosen in accordance with Schedule B, for the remainder of the term, by the Governors who elected the former Director. A majority of the votes cast by such Governors shall be required for such election. The Governors who elected a Director may similarly choose a successor if the office of a Director becomes vacant one hundred and eighty (180) days or less before the end of his term.
亚投行的筹建过程 亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，AIIB）是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在北京。亚投行法定资本1000亿美元。2013年10月2日，习近平主席提出筹建倡议，2014年10月24日，包括中国、印度、新加坡等在内21个首批意向创始成员国的财长和授权代表在北京签约，共同决定成立亚洲基础设施投资银行。2015年3月12日，英国正式申请加入亚投行，成为首个申请加入亚投行的主要西方国家。 2014年10月24日，在北京人民大会堂，包括中国、印度、新加坡等在内21个首批意向创始成员国的财长和授权代表签署《筹建亚投行备忘录》，共同决定成立亚洲基础设施投资银行，标志着这一中国倡议设立的亚洲区域新多边开发机构的筹建工作将进入新阶段。 当天，正式签署《筹建亚投行备忘录》的国家包括孟加拉国、文莱、柬埔寨、中国、印度、哈萨克斯坦、科威特、老挝、马来西亚、蒙古国、缅甸、尼泊尔、阿曼、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、卡塔尔、新加坡、斯里兰卡、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和越南。 一个月后，印度尼西亚成为亚投行的第22个意向创始成员国。中国驻印尼大使谢锋评价此举“意义重大”。致力于推动亚洲各国基础设施建设和互联互通的亚投行，迎来东南亚最大的经济体，具有极强的信号意义。 在2014年的最后一天，中国财政部宣布，马尔代夫成为亚投行第23个意向创始成员国。然后是新西兰、塔吉克斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、约旦。 西方大国的加入始于今年3月。3月12日，英国率先表态决定加入，随后法国、德国、意大利加盟。这带动了更多的欧洲小兄弟们，如卢森堡、瑞士先后宣布加入。此后，欧洲议会议长马丁·舒尔茨宣布支持更多欧盟成员加入亚投行。 美国媒体和学界也开始批驳奥巴马政府对亚投行的态度，奥巴马的态度随后转向。3月23日，奥巴马提出希望亚投行与美国主导的世界银行等金融机构建立合作关系。 3月27日，韩国也申请加入。3月28-29日，俄罗斯、澳大利亚、丹麦分别表示将申请加入亚投行。亚投行的“朋友圈”已增至43个。 3月30日，亚投行总部地址公布位于北京金融街。筹建亚投行首席谈判代表会议主席、中国财政部副部长史耀斌上周三(3月25日)在发布会上表示，根据去年10月签署的《筹建亚投行备忘录》，各方已一致同意将总部设在北京。关于是否在其他国家设立区域中心以及未来高管设置等问题，各方将根据未来亚投行业务开展情况协商确定。 不过，亚投行仍然有一系列问题亟待解决。创始国的股份就是其中最大的看点。在日前举办的中国发展高层论坛年会上，亚投行多边临时秘书处秘书长金立群说，亚投行的法定资本金是1000亿美元，初始阶段的资本金将达500亿美元，这其中亚洲国家的占股将达到约75%，非亚洲国家将占25%左右。金立群表示，在美国、日本等一些大国没有参与之前，为了保证股本金达到一定规模，使亚投行能够如期开张运行，在初创阶段中国的出资额可最高达50%，这是根据亚洲地区各经济体的体量确定的。 《筹建亚投行备忘录》提出，各意向创始成员将以国内生产总值衡量的经济权重作为各国股份分配的基础。据《中国经济周刊》报道，根据各国经济数据测算，中国占股39.29%，仍是最大股东。其次是印度，占7.98%。排在第3、4、5、6、7位的是刚加入进来的德、法、韩、英、意等国。
China is hosting the signing ceremony of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a new international financial institution set to rival the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. 中国将举办亚洲基础设施投资银行（以下简称亚投行）的签字仪式。这一新成立的国际金融机构将成为世界银行和亚洲发展银行的竞争对手。Delegates from 57 countries will sign articles that determine each member's share and the bank's initial capital. 57个国家的代表将签署文件，规定所有成员的股份和亚投行的初始资本。 The UK, Germany, Australia and South Korea are among the founding members. 英国、德国、澳大利亚和韩国都是创办会员国。 Japan and the US, which oppose the AIIB, are the most prominent countries not to join. 持对立态度的日本和美国是未加入亚投行的最主要国家。 The US has questioned the governance standards at the new institution, which it sees as spreading Chinese "soft power". 美国对这一新机构的管理标准提出质疑，认为这是中国“软实力”的扩张。 The AIIB, which was created in October by 21 countries, led by China, will fund Asian energy, transport and infrastructure projects. 去年10月，在中国的主导下，21个国家创立了亚投行。它将为亚洲的能源、交通和基础设施项目提供资金。 Country delegates are gathering at Beijing's Great Hall of the People for the signing ceremony. 各国代表将齐聚在北京人民大会堂，参加签字仪式。 Most Asian countries and countries from the Middle East and Latin America have joined, with the launch of the Beijing-led bank being hailed as a diplomatic and strategic success for China. 大部分亚洲国家以及一些中东、拉丁美洲国家已经加入亚投行，这一由北京领导的银行被誉为中国在外交和战略上的一次胜利。 It is one of several institutions China has created to push its own economic agenda, largely driven by frustration over its lack of influence in the big global financial institutions such as the World Bank, says the BBC's Martin Patience in Beijing. BBC的马丁·佩申斯在北京指出，由于在世界银行等大型国际金融机构中缺乏影响力，中国已经创建了若干机构来推动自身的经济议题，亚投
亚洲基础设施投资银行： 亚洲基础设施投资银行是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构。重点支持基础设施建设，成立宗旨是为了促进亚洲区域的建设互联互通化和经济一体化的进程。 金立群： 金立群，男，1949年8月出生于江苏常熟。1968年毕业于北京外国语学院。2018年12月，入选“中国改革开放海归40年40人”榜单。 现任亚投行行长，也是亚投行第二任行长。 人物履历： 1968年10月参加工作。北京外国语学院英语专业研究生毕业。 1987年至1988年在美国波士顿大学经济系研究生院进修。 1984年至1989年任财政部外事财务司副处长。 1989年至1994年任财政部世界银行司副司长（其间，于1988年在世界银行任中国副执行董事）。 1994年至1995年任财政部世界银行司司长。 1995年至1998任财政部部长助理。 1998年9月至2003年，任财政部副部长。主管教育、科技、文化和对外经济交往领域的行政经费预算。在此期间他还是中国在亚行、世界银行集团和全球环境基金组织的副理事。
2003年8月1日出任亚行副行长。在亚行，主管南亚地区和大湄公河次区域（包括这些业务局下属的各海外代表处）以及和私营部门业务局有关的业务。 2008年9月至2013年5月，金立群被任命为中投公司监事长，财政部财政科学研究所博士生导师。 2013年5月至2014年10月，金立群出任中金公司董事长。 2014年10月从中金公司正式离职，媒体分析金立群几个月前参与筹备亚洲基础设施投资银行，即将出任高管。 曾任亚投行多边临时秘书处秘书长、副行长。 2015年1月16日任亚投行首任行长。 2015年6月被正式提名为亚投行候任行长中方候选人。 2015年8月24日正式任命为亚投行行候任行长。 2016年1月16日，在亚投行理事会成立大会上，金立群当选亚投行首任行长。 2020年7月28日，亚投行第五届理事会年会上，理事会以鼓掌通过的方式选举金立群为亚投行第二任行长。金立群将于2021年1月16日就任第二任行长，任期5年。
一、亚投行设立的背景 以往，我们不断与世界经济接轨，并且积极参与全球化进程。现在，我们第一次以独立的方式提出成立亚投行的建议，亚洲基础设施投资银行(简称亚投行)，它是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，主要是为基础设施建设提供帮助。且在短短一年时间里，得到许多亚洲国家，和英、德、法等部分发达国家的支持和响应。吸引力如此之大，一是因为过去几十年改革开放，我国经济持续高速发展，已经形成强大的经济实力作为后盾，二是我国一贯秉持的和平共处的外交政策，坚持“睦邻、安邻、富邻”政策，以及亲、诚、惠、容发展理念，所以，这是一个瓜熟蒂落的自然过程。 1.过去十年中国GDP以及占全球亚洲产出百分比：中国已经凸显具备为亚洲和世界提供力所能及的公共产品的中国模式效应，并且对世界经济引擎作用也已经显现。 由下表可见，中国经济对亚洲经济发展至关重要，亚洲经济对中国经济发展也非常重要。 据IMF(国际货币基金组织)统计，2011年，亚洲已经跃升为全球三大经济板块的首位(北美、欧盟和亚洲)，占世界经济的0.27，北美和欧盟分别占0.256和0.254，2014年亚洲占世界经济的比重升到0.286，2020年将持续上升至 0.329，而北美分别为0.265和0.267，欧盟则降到0.239和0.208。由此可看出，亚洲经济体是一匹潜力巨大的黑马。 2.我国一直秉持的和平发展外交政策：长期以来，我国坚持“睦邻、安邻、富邻”政策，与邻为善、与邻为伴，以及亲、诚、惠、容的发展理念。努力使自身经济的发展更好地惠及到亚洲地区经济的发展。此举不仅是为周边地区的贸易伙伴办实事，也是我国本身发展的战略性抉择。 二、亚投行设立的原因 对于中国来说，这是一项战略性选择。设立亚投行，我国能够在未来的亚洲区域乃至世界范围内发挥出更大的号召力和影响力，与此同时，推动区域经济朝着一体化的方向发展，继而推动国际金融秩序的改革以及达到全球经济再平衡的目标，也能提升中国在国际社会的话语权。 1.亚洲经济近年来发展迅速，为加强基础设施建设，迫切需要一个良好的融资平台。并且实现区域间的互通与互联、从而带动经济的发展。亚洲经济(据统计)约占全球经济总量的35%，据统计，2006亚洲新兴经济体的国内生产总值的年均增长率达到了0.107，2007年延续此高速增长。可在2011、2012、2013年GDP年只实现了0.07的增长速度，2014年只有大概0.071。
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a proposed international financial institution which is focused on supporting infrastructure construction in the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China[4] and supported by 37 regional and 20 non-regional members Prospective Founding Members, 51 of which have signed the Articles of Agreement that form the legal basis for the proposed bank. The bank starts operation after the agreement enters into force, which requires 10 ratifications, holding a total number of 50% of the initial subscritions of the Autorized Capital Stock. Countries with a large GDP that did not become PFM are the US, Japan (which dominated the ADB) and Canada. AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB),[5] which are regarded as dominated by developed countries like the United States.[5] The United Nations has addressed the launch of AIIB as "scaling up financing for sustainable development"[6] for the concern of Global Economic Governance.[7] The bank was proposed by China in 2013[8] and the initiative launched at a ceremony in Beijing in October 2014.[9] The Articles of Agreement (AOA) were signed by 50 PFMs on 29 June 2015, which become a party to the agreement through ratification. As of July 2015, 1 state (Myanmar) has ratified the agreement.[1] History[edit] The first news reports about the AIIB appeared in October 2013.[10] The Chinese government has been frustrated with what it regards as the slow pace of reforms and governance, and wants greater input in global established institutions like the IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank which it claims are dominated by American, European and Japanese interests.[5] In April 2014, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a keynote speech at the opening of the Boao Forum for Asia and said that China was ready to intensify consultations with relevant parties in and outside Asia on the preparations for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[11] The Asian Development Bank Institute published a report in 2010 which said that the region requires $8 trillion to be invested from 2010 to 2020 in infrastructure for the region to continue economic development.[5][12] In a 2014 editorial, The Guardian newspaper wrote that the new bank could allow Chinese capital to finance these projects and allow it a greater role to play in the economic development of the region commensurate with its growing economic and political clout.[13] But until March 2015, China in the ADB has only 5.47 percent voting right, while Japan and US have a combined 26 percent voting right (13 percent each) with a share in subscribed capital of 15.7 percent and 15.6 percent, respectively. Dominance by both countries and slow reforms underlie China's wish to establish the AIIB, while both countries worry about China's increasing influence.[14] In June 2014 China proposed doubling the registered capital of the bank from $50 billion to $100 billion and invited India to participate in the founding of the bank.[15][16] On 24 October 2014, twenty-one countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) regarding the AIIB in
亚投行行长金立群简介 1968年10月参加工作。北京外国 金立群 金立群 语学院英语专业研究生毕业。 1987年至1988年在美国波士顿大学经济系研究生院进修。 1984年至1989年任财政部外事财务司副处长。 1989年至1994年任财政部世界银行司副司长(其间，于1988年在世界银行任中国副执行董事)。 1994年至1995年任财政部世界银行司司长。 1995年至1998任财政部部长助理。 1998年9月至2003年，任财政部副部长。主管教育、科技、文化和对外经济交往领域的行政经费预算。在此期间他还是中国在亚行、世界银行集团和全球环境基金组织的副理事。
2003年8月1日出任亚行副行长。在亚行，主管南亚地区和大湄公河次区域(包括这些业务局下属的各海外代表处)以及和私营部门业务局有关的业务。 2008年9月至2013年5月，金立群被任命为中投公司监事长，财政部财政科学研究所博士生导师。 2013年5月至2014年10月，金立群出任中金公司董事长。 2014年10月从中金公司正式离职，媒体分析金立群几个月前参与筹备亚洲基础设施投资银行，即将出任高管。 曾任亚投行多边临时秘书处秘书长、副行长。 2015年1月16日任亚投行首任行长。 2016年4月21日，入选《时代周刊》公布出的2016年度"全球最具影响力人物" 1968年10月参加工作。北京外国 金立群 金立群
语学院英语专业研究生毕业。[1] 1987年至1988年在美国波士顿大学经济系研究生院进修。 1984年至1989年任财政部外事财务司副处长。 1989年至1994年任财政部世界银行司副司长(其间，于1988年在世界银行任中国副执行董事)。 1994年至1995年任财政部世界银行司司长。 1995年至1998任财政部部长助理。 1998年9月至2003年，任财政部副部长。主管教育、科技、文化和对外经济交往领域的行政经费预算。在此期间他还是中国在亚行、世界银行集团和全球环境基金组织的副理事。 2003年8月1日出任亚行副行长。在亚行，主管南亚地区和大湄公河次区域(包括这些业务局下属的各海外代表处)以及和私营部门业务局有关的业务。 2008年9月至2013年5月，金立群被任命为中投公司监事长，财
中国推行“一带一路”与亚投行战略的真实目的有人说，“一带一路”与亚投行的整体思路是： 1、"把过往中国投资过剩的生产能力，通过“一带一路”释放到国外去。 2、"把过往中国如饥似渴的消费能力，通过“自贸区”吸收到国内来。 3、"把过往中国盲目乱窜的巨量货币，通过“股票市场”转移到实体去。 4、"把过往中国无处可去的外汇储备，通过“亚投行”投资到同盟国去。这只是普通老百姓的猜测，是表面现象，深层次的是普罗大众看不到的。如果说马克思的确成功地揭示了“一路一带”和“亚投行”背后商品输出与资本输出深刻的历史必然性，那么，马克思并没有看到商品输出与资本输出中科技创新的历史必然性。 商品输出与资本输出的基础是科技创新与技术进步。科技创新与技术进步是商品输出与资本输出的大前提。如果中国的商品输出与资本输出里面全是落后、腐败与腐朽的东西，没有任何足以抗衡欧美与日俱增的科技创新的力量与制度，那么，“一路一带”和“亚投行”是必定会失败的，这是不以人的意志为转移的客观规律。例如，巴基斯坦当然需要也欢迎中国“一路一带”和“亚投行”背后所带来的商品与资本，但是，巴基斯坦更需要欧美的科技创新。巴基斯坦可能会用中国的资金资本去购买欧美的先进技、教育术与装备，或用中国的商品去交换欧美的先进技术、教育与装备，不一定就非购买中国的过剩产能不可。所以，中国的“一路一带”和“亚投行”策略，如果没有足以与欧美相抗衡的科技创新的配合与支持，恐怕会有一点点大问题。目前，中国还没一家OSM企业，因此，在欠缺OSM企业保驾护航的支持下，“一路一带”和“亚投行”之路走起来会跛脚的。 另一方面，中国目前所有的企业满脑子全都是生意经，功利主义导向之下，没有做真理的理念与概念，这样的中国企业跑到“一路一带”和“亚投行”的外国国家去输出过剩产能与过剩资本，恐怕是不受欢迎的。 其实，中国的“一带一路”与亚投行所要解决的是下面三大问题：
独家解密亚投行：为什么成立中国为啥不要一票否决权 解说：中国发起成立亚投行得到国际社会广泛支持，如何看待亚投行问世的原因？亚投行有哪些功能和创新？还有哪些问题需要解决？《世纪大讲堂》系列节目“解密亚投行”第一期为您解密。 田桐：学术前沿，思想对话，欢迎走进《世纪大讲堂》系列节目，《解密亚投行》，近日亚投行成为全球最热议的话题，继英国之后，德国、法国和意大利纷纷决定加入亚投行，从中国2013年10月份提出筹建亚投行之后，目前已经有包括英法德意俄等大国在内的57个国家，成为亚投行的意向创始成员国，这种“火热”的程度先中国财政部部长楼继伟都称意想不到，亚投行为什么会引起这么多的关注，亚投行究竟为世界带来了什么？我们《世纪大讲堂》从本周开始将推出系列节目“解密亚投行”，那么亚投行为什么问世，如何看待亚投行面临的挑战，有关这些问题我们的第一期节目，有请请到的是国家开发银行研究院副院长曹红辉教授来为我们解读。 解说：曹红辉国家开发银行研究院副院长研究员，曾任世界银行，亚洲开发银行，APEC秘书处等金融咨询顾问，美国哥伦比亚大学高级访问学者，多次主持参与重大课题研究和多种经济经济咨询，发表多种中英文论文文章一百五十多篇，出版《中国资本[39.29%]市场效率研究》，《亚洲债券市场发展研究》，《中国的金融问题》，《支付清算理论与实务》等专著编著译著十多部，主要研究领域宏观经济
管理，金融市场，公司金融，国际投资，国际金融，资产定价，支付清算，金融监管，国际战略等。 田桐：那么您今天跟我们讲的课题是《解密亚投行》，我们知道从中国开始提出亚投行这样的建设到现在，其实不过一年半的时间，但是我们看到意向进入到亚投行的国家，从21个现在已经到了57个，所以我们是不是从中可以看到一点点国际社会对于亚投行的一个观点。 曹红辉（国家开发银行研究院副院长）：是的，这应该说是前所未有的，突然一下大家发现欧洲国家以及拉美和非洲的国家，这样一些非亚洲国家，非常踊跃地要参与亚投行的创始成员国，打破了以往人们对于亚洲地区设立区域性的投融资机构的一个判断，一个印象，这是历史上的第一回，比当初日本人在1976年组建亚洲开发银行的时候大有不同，因为这是在美国人反对的情况下提出来搞的一个区域性投资机构，所以大家觉得这个其中很有看头，有看热闹的，有很兴奋的，也有很多期待。 田桐：所以我们也会看到的是从最开始的只有亚洲国家来参与进来，到现在像英国、意大利、俄国这些国家，它们也都纷纷地进入到亚投行的行列当中了，但是其中我们就看到美国的态度还是非常的明确的，那未来有没有可能它彻底改变了自己的看法，加入到亚投行的行列当中呢？
The Introduction of AIIB The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (English: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, referred to as "the Investment Bank, abbreviations: AIIB) is an intergovernmental nature of Asian regional multilateral development agencies, key support Infrastructure construction, headquartered in Beijing.The statutory capital of $100 billion to investment Banks. On the afternoon of October 2, 2013, Chinese President xi jinping held talks with Indonesian President susilo bambang yudhoyono, in Jakarta, to promote the construction of connectivity and the region economic integration process, China proposes that the preparation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), to the region, including the asean countries, Infrastructure construction financing in developing countries. On October 24, 2014, including China, India, Singapore and so on, 21 first intention founding member of finance ministers and authorized representatives signed in Beijing, jointly decided to set up the Asian infrastructure investment bank. On March 12, 2015, the United Kingdom to China submitted as founding member to join the Asian infrastructure investment bank confirmation letter, formally applied to join the investment bank, became the first applied to join the investment bank of the main western
经济学学士学位论文 浅析亚投行成立所带来的影响 姓名 专业 英语准考证号 指导老师 论文成绩 完成时间 联系方式
摘要..................................... (1) Abstract................................ . (2) 一亚投行简介............................ (3) （一）亚投行的创立背景和过程 (3) （二）亚投行的成员发展和介绍 (4) （三）亚投行的投资方向和运行机制 (5) 二亚投行的成立对经济建设的影响 (6) （一）对中国的经济影响 (6) （二）对世界的经济影响 (8) 三亚投行的成立带来的战略的影响........ .. (9) （一）对中国的战略影响................. . (9) （二）对国际的战略影响 (10) 四亚投行成立的意义.................. (12) 五总结............................ .. (15) 参考文献.......................... (16)
亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，AIIB）是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在北京。亚投行法定资本1000亿美元。2013年10月2日，习近平主席提出筹建倡议，2014年10月24日，包括中国、印度、新加坡等在内21个首批意向创始成员国的财长和授权代表在北京签约，共同决定成立亚洲基础设施投资银行，先后又有一些欧洲国家加入。 2016年1月16日至18日，亚投行开业仪式暨理事会和董事会成立大会在北京举行。以中国为首筹建的亚投行无疑将加速中国的经济建设和强化中国的地缘政治影响力；亚投行的建立无论是对国际经济发展还是对中国自身的发展无疑都是影响深远的，本文将主要浅析亚投行对中国经济和政治层面上的影响。 关键词：亚投行，中国，经济建设，影响
分析亚投行的意义作用 1944年7月,二战结束以后,美欧等战胜国主导设立了关于国际经济新秩序的布雷顿森林体系。这个体系最重要的就是建立了两个国际金融机构。这就是世界银行和国际货币基金组织。根据当时的安排,世界银行的宗旨实际上是支 持一些弱小贫穷的国家,为他们脱贫致富提供一些贷款支持,而国际货币基金组织是提供一个必要的援助。实际上,这两个很重要的机制,到后来却愈发演变成发达国家维护霸权的工具。 比如在1994年墨西哥金融危机的时候,以及1997年亚洲金融危机的时 候。拉美国家和亚洲国家真的需要救援的时候,国际货币基金组织一方面对于 援助实施差别对待,援助金额比较随意;另一方面对于很多国家的援助贷款都附加了很多苛刻的条件。比如在要求亚洲国家在接受援助时,实施紧缩的财政、 货币政策,同时进一步开放国内金融市场。让一些受援国的经济复苏格外缓 慢。 更重要的是,包括世界银行、国际货币基金组织甚至于1966年建立的亚洲开发银行(其中日本与美国为第一大股东)在实际对于发展中国家的经济援助远远低于这些国家的实际需求。 2008年国际金融危机以后,国际上对于世界银行和国际货币基金组织改革的声 音此起彼伏,但截至目前,步履维艰。美国在世行的投票权重高达15.85%,在国 际货币基金组织的投票权重仍高达17.7%,在两个机构均独占超过15%否决比例的“一票否决权”。这两个机构对于发展中国家的援助深刻体现了美国的利益意志。而专门针对亚洲开发的亚洲开发银行中,日本和美国同为最大股东,拥有12.78%的投票权。 这实际上表明,这些国际多边金融机构都存在垄断机制,被发达国家所左右,援助资金想给谁就给谁。由中国主导,联合亚洲多个发展中国家成立的亚洲基 础设施投资银行,实际上在帮助亚洲发展中国家方面提供了两种机制。 一个是就是竞争机制,在亚洲建立与亚开行、世界银行的一个竞争机制,这
作业4：组建亚投行对中国发展意义 亚洲基础设施建设投资银行是中是中国走向世界的大战略，属于中国“有所作为”的开创性之举，组建亚投行对中国发展的意义有以下几个方面：一是有利于扩大对外贸易投资合作，有益于扩展对内贸易注资竞争。亚投行对亚洲国家进行投资，有助于打造亚洲大市场，带动和提升中国商品的海外市场需求，推动中国与亚洲其他国家的经贸合作。会牵动和晋升中国产品物的海内市面需要，推进中国与北美其余国度的经贸竞争。 二是有利于推动“一带一路”建设，亚投行的建立可对中国推动“一路一带”提供资金支持，通过“一路一带”的建设，将有效推动中国与中亚、欧洲、南亚、非洲、美洲的经济交流和贸易活动。对推动新丝绸之路具有重要的战略意义。 三是满足中国外汇储备输入需求亚投行的出现正好能够输出中国的巨额外汇储备，创造出更大的价值。 四是打破美元霸权，推动人民币国际化，加快人民币走向世界货币步伐。货 着中国世界金融话语权的增加，中国的人民币已将作为世界储备或是交易的主要选项。亚投行的成立是中国金融走向国际化的关键节点，中国在国际金融体系将发挥更大作用。 五是有利于提高中国世界金融话语权，强化中国规则制定权。亚投行的建立，将提升中国在亚太地区经济影响力，有利于提高中国在国际经济治理中的话语权，从而为本国及世界经济发展创造更好环境。 六是可有效规避中国企业的外贸风险。组建亚投行，通过人民币的世界化，大大提升了人民币作为交易货币的运用能力，规避了中国利用其它货币交易的风险和利率浮动导致的利益溢出。 七是带动中国标准走向海外并在中国制造和中国建筑走向海外同时，将中国的基础设施标准加以推广，使中国基础建设和装备制造业拥有持久竞争力。亚投行的投资还能带动中国制造业标准走向国际 亚投行的建立既是中国经济模式的向外延展，也顺应了发展中国家工业化的
独家解密亚投行未来三大目标 2015年03月20日来源：21世纪经济报道作者：师琰核心摘要：据21世纪经济报道记者了解，上周在与英国财政部磋商时，亚投行临时多边秘书处秘书长金立群向英方谈到对于未来的亚投行有三个构想目标：机构精简（Lean）、廉洁（Clean）和绿色（Green）。他希望亚投行通过各成员国谈判，建成一个高效、灵活、架构简单、运作方便的机构，而不是纯粹的官僚机构；同时，要把所有腐败的可能排除在外，通过购买专业服务等方式，避免业务运行中和组织架构本身造成腐败的机会；该行的信贷政策也将遵循绿色和可持续发展的原则。 自上周四英国率先申请加入亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB，以下简称亚投行）后，3月17日法德意三国齐刷刷宣布将加入由中国主导的亚投行，让外界“亮瞎眼”。据21世纪经济报道了解，瑞士也已确定会加入亚投行。目前公开信息显示韩国和澳大利亚正在做最后定夺。 “大家互相需要，”普华永道会计师事务所咨询服务部总监张鉴钧（Allan Zhang）说，“发达国家进来，会提升亚投行作为商业机构在国际金融市场上的信誉度， 共享在机构运营和遵守国际规则方面好的经验，而其自身则相当于额外开辟新市场，可以受益于亚洲增长，分享该区域经济成长带来的更高回报。” 21世纪经济报道获悉，除了传统意义上的“铁公基”项目（铁路、公路、机场、桥梁、水利等重大基础设施建设），未来亚投行的投资将不完全局限于基础设施领域，也包括节能减排项目等，农业也会是一个投资方向；同时，亚投行不仅仅青睐创建型的绿地投资，还会包括褐地投资（跨境并购），参与一些前景看好的现有项目改造。 中国占股会逐步稀释降低 “我们将欢迎美国加入亚洲基础设施投资银行。” 中国财政部副部长史耀斌在德国《商报》（Handelsblatt）3月19日发表的采访报道中如是说。他还强调亚投行与美国领导的世界银行并非竞争关系，更多地是担当辅佐其它国际机构的角色，而且中国也将参考其它国际金融机构的运作方式。 美国被认为一直私下游说其盟友们不要加入亚投行，上周还公开批评作为“特殊关系”盟友的英国不跟美国商量就加入亚投行是对中国“一再迁就”。白宫担心，亚投行将削弱世界银行、亚洲开发银行等现有国际机构，而且会成为代表中国战略利益的工具。美国警告盟友，如果北京当局拥有这个银行的一票否决权，那么亚投行或许将成为中国新的外交政策工具。 华盛顿的批评者们还声称，亚投行对于贷款条件和借款者行为的规范采取宽 松不一的标准，将导致腐败滋生，并质疑其是否会遵守透明度、信誉度、环境的可持续性及社会保障等国际标准。
关于亚投行成立原因运行机制及作用分析 理学部2012级地理科学专业程进摘要：亚投行经济秩序 亚投行的全称是亚洲基础设施投资银行(英语：Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，英文缩写：AIIB)是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在北京。亚投行法定资本1000亿美元。 一、创立背景及目的 国际： 1、众所周知，美国主导的世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织为世界经济定下了游戏规则，这个规则是为美国服务的，它决定了美国在世界经济秩序尤其是世界金融秩序当中的绝对话语权。在这个框架之下，日本在美国的支持下成立了亚洲开发银行，在美国的肉锅里分得了一小碗汤。近些年，欧盟的成立和欧元体系的确立使得美国在世界经济和世界金融领域的霸权有所动摇。但多个国家的同床异梦和文化思想方面的相近相惜使得欧洲不可能也不愿意真正抗衡美国。随着中国等新兴国家的发展及实力的增强，这些多边机构内部各国的地位并未发生相应的变化。在这些没有获得应有代表权及话语权的国际组织中，包括中国在内的新兴国家有理由怀疑，他们能否从现行金融秩序中获得自身发展所需要的支持。在全球经济一体化的形势下，中国想要获得长期、稳定、持续的增长，不可能独善其身，
必须带领周边的新兴国家走出贫困，实现共同发展。所以中国有必要倡导一个以新兴国家为决策主体的国际金融新秩序。 2、亚洲经济占全球经济总量的1/3，是当今世界最具经济活力和增长潜力的地区，拥有全球六成人口。但因建设资金有限，一些国家铁路、公路、桥梁、港口、机场和通讯等基础建设严重不足，这在一定程度上限制了该区域的经济发展。各国要想维持现有经济增长水平，内部基础设施投资至少需要8万亿美元，平均每年需投资8000亿美元。8万亿美元中，68%用于新增基础设施的投资，32%是维护或维修现有基础设施所需资金。现有的多边机构并不能提供如此巨额的资金，亚洲开发银行的总资金约为1600亿美元，世界银行也仅有2230亿美元，两家银行目前每年能够提供给亚洲国家的资金大概只有区区200亿美元，都没有办法满足这个资金的需求。由于基础设施投资的资金需求量大、实施的周期很长、收入流不确定等的因素，私人部门大量投资于基础设施的项目是有难度的。 国内： 亚投行主要有三个目的：人民币国际化、丝绸之路计划的大规模融资、国内基础设施建设过剩产能的输出。其实这三个是相辅相成的。 1.人民币国际化。现在世界经济形势很不好的原因是美国人通过金融战对外转移危机，先是美元泛滥，现在是强势美元。中国依靠海量的美元储备尚能应付，欧洲就很惨，美元大量回流美国的形势下，要么选择通货紧缩，要么选择本币大量贬值，而欧洲主要利益是金融资本，本币贬值会导致自身损失惨重，现在欧洲紧缩导致社会矛盾极
亚投行建立的战略意义 经济1301 徐晓玲亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ）简称亚投行，是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，法定资本1000亿美元，总部设在北京。 自亚洲基础设施投资银行于2014年10月24日在北京成立，首批21意向个创始成员国到2015年4月15日，亚投行意向创始成员国全部确定为57个。可见亚投行的在国际经济舞台上发挥着重要的作用。 亚投行的建立对国际的影响 1.中国提倡筹建亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB），一方面能继续推动国际货币基金组织和世界银行的进一步改革，另一方面也是补充当前亚洲开发银行在亚太地区的投融资与国际援助职能。 事实上，全球有几大银行都有在为各国服务，尤其是以日本为首的亚洲开发银行，本身也是以亚洲国家基础建设为主要投资目标的。可惜，受美国的制约，亚开行做的并不好。而世行是美国犹太金融集团在控制，不会向一个贫穷的国家投放一美分。这次由中国发起的亚投行，中国主动让出一票否决权形成鲜明对比的是，在IMF（国际货币基金组织）中，仅G7就占据40%的董事会席位，却让美国以极少的出资但却霸占着85%的否决权，这就是所谓的美元霸权主义的体现。 由于美国投资项目在审查时的高标准，投资审查往往涉及被投资国的体制、政权、民主、人权等等与资金不相干的政治审查，这就造
成了这些国际银行对亚洲的信贷名存实亡，表面上为亚洲着想，实际是为自己着想的独赢结局。那种不轻易投资，要投资就要获得高额回报，反而制约了国际资金在亚洲的收益。 所以无论世行还是亚开行，包括IMF，贷款国不到万不得已的时候，是绝不会踩进，也是踩不进这三大银行高高在上的门槛的。所以亚投行是世行和亚行的补充。 2.亚洲基础设施投资银行的建立，弥补亚洲发展中国家在基 础设施投资领域存在的巨大缺口，减少亚洲区内资金外流，投资 于亚洲的“活力与增长”。 根据亚洲开发银行的测算，从现在到2020年这段时期，亚洲地区每年基础设施投资需求将达到7300亿美元，现有的世界银行、亚行等国际多边机构都没有办法满足这个资金的需求。由于基础设施投资的资金需求量大、实施的周期很长、收入流不确定等的因素，私人部门大量投资于基础设施的项目是有难度的。 亚洲地区其实并不缺乏资金，缺少的只是融资机制，需要搭建一个专门的基础设施投融资平台，以充分利用本地区充裕的储蓄。 亚投行分建立将撬动私营部门的资金，合理分担风险，利益共享，促进亚洲基础设施的建设，促进亚洲地区各国基础设施建设。 3.亚投行可发挥促进亚洲各国加深合作的建设性作用，有利于加强亚洲国家之间的利益纽带，缓解当前亚洲地区、特别是东亚地缘政治紧张的压力。 亚投行的建立对中国的影响