雅思阅读9分之List of Headings题
“世上本无难为事，只是难寻有心人”
在自己多年的教学过程中见过无数的考生因雅思阅读中一些复杂的题型而挣扎，其中不乏有T/F/NG题，List of Headings题，和Which paragraph contains the following information题等等。
在这里我想首先传达一个信息：
“万事万物都有捷径，都有方法，关键在于寻找。”
就像初中解答平面几何时，一些看似无解的题目往往会在一道，两道辅助线的作用下使自己豁然开朗。同样，雅思阅读中这些所谓的难题其实并不难，关键在于掌握正确的思路、方法。
今天在这里我要启发大家思考，传授一种全新的，解答雅思阅读中List of Headings题的方法。
List of Headings题也叫做小标题题，顾名思义就是为文章中每个段落选择合适的能够概括段落大意的小标题来。这种题型在雅思阅读考试中经常出现。然而这种题型却往往因为解题方法的错误被误认为是难题。其实，只要掌握正确的解题方法，该种题型一定会变得很简单并且可以全部做对。
大多数考生认为这种题型较难，因为他们采用了如下错误的解题思路：
第一，大多数考生解答这种题型的思路在于寻找段落的中心句或主题句。
第二，他们还认为段落的中心句或主题句通常段落的首句，次句或尾句。
第三，根据判断出来的中心句或主题句确定正确选项。
但是，雅思阅读所有文章都有主题句或中心句吗？就算有主题句或中心句，它一定出现在首句，次句或尾句吗？答案是否定的。
所以，使用这种方法，考生常常会有这样的经验：看完一个段落的首句发现刚好有一个标题与这句话对应，于是就把它选出来，但是这个选项偏偏是错误选项。这样一来，考生做10道题就经常会做错其中的5-6道，而通常去蒙的话，也基本上能对4-5道，所以这种做题方法非常不可取，因为一旦判断错误主题句就一定会选错答案。这是第一代的做题方法。在现今的时代背景下可以说是错误的！那么，我们应该如何避免错误判定主题句、中心句的尴尬或者干脆直接跳过主题句或中心句的判断呢？
关键在于开动脑筋，积极思考，寻找出路——答案就是List of Headings题“第二代”，“2.0版本”的解题方法。
第二代的做题方法采用了完全不同于第一代的解题思路。因为我们知道，主题句一旦判定错误就肯定导致选择错误的选项，所以我们要尝试避开判定主题句的障碍，转而寻找其他的解法。利用主题句去判定段落标题的尝试是从文章到标题的过程，现在我们反其道而行之，采取从标题到文章的解题思路。具体做法如下：第一步：阅读题目要求，把例题所选小标题从小标题列表中划掉。（因为，一个段落所选标题其他段落是不会重复的）
第二步：阅读所有小标题，判定反向思维词，并进行反向思维。
第三步：浏览段落。
第四步：比较段落与小标题，并利用排除法解答。
这里首先解释一下何谓“反向思维”和“反向思维词”。
“反向思维”是解答这种题型和解答雅思阅读难题—段落信息搭配题（which paragraph contains the following information）—的关键。其实，大多数人对反向思维并不陌生，它就是大家中学期间都练习过的命题作文。换句话说，反向思维就是把每一个小标题看成一个命题作文的标题，然后去想按照这个标题，这个段落会写什么样的内容，会出现什么词汇。而“反向思维词”就是标题中能够提醒“反向思维”的词汇。
例如，如果现在有一篇文章，该文章有List of headingst题一组，其中有一个选项为“我的雅思阅读老师王毅”，该标题中至少有两个反向思维词“雅思”和“王毅”。按照反向思维，如果某个段落选择这个小标题，该段落一定至少会出现“雅思”和“王毅”这两个词。如果这个段落没有这两个信息，那么该段落肯定不会选这个小标题，该小标题便可以排除。
采用这样“反向思维”的方法就可以巧妙的避开寻找主题句或中心句。尽管文章看不太懂，但是每一个小标题每位考生都能读懂，并且可以进行反向思维。这也就是我授课中经常提到的“如果英文不好就用中文来补足”。然后，只需要简单的应用排除法便可以轻松把题目全部做对。
在看一些例题之前，我先总结一下小标题中常见的反向思维词。
1. 1. 细节词。如果某段落选择这个标题，该段落会出现这个细节词。例如：The
connection between health-care and other human rights中的human rights（剑四96页）
2.
3. 2. 表达变化的词如：change, increase, growth, rise等。如果某段落选择这个
标题，该段落一般会出现数据。例如：The impact of recent change中的change（剑四96页）
4.
5. 3. future, past, recent这样表达时间的词。如果某段落选择这个标题，该段落
会出现日期，年代或时间。例如：The impact of recent change中的recent （剑四96页）
6.
7. 4. 复数（-s, -es）。如果某段落选择这个标题，该段落会出现列举这个名词。
例如：The connection between health-care and other human rights中human rights的复数（剑四96页）
8.
9. 5. 不定冠词a/an。如果某段落选择这个标题，该段落会写到一个具体的案例。
例如：A successful exercise in people power中的a（剑六40页）
10.
11.6. some。和a/an相似，如果某个段落选择这个标题，该段落会出现多个具体
的案例。例如Some poor selection decisions（例题）
12.
13.7. 表达流程的词汇process，procedure等。如果某个段落选择这个标题，该
段落会出现first, second, third这样的序数词或in the beginning, afterwards, finally等表达顺序关系的词汇。（例题）
14.
15.8. first。如果某段落选择这个标题，该段落会讲述该事物的诞生，一般会出现诞
生的时间，地点或人物。例如：The first rocket（剑三40页）
16.
当然除了以上列举的这些反向思维词外还有很多，这里就不在一一赘述。下面便以一篇文章为例来讲解这种全新的第二代的做题方法。文章及题目如下：
首先按照我们做题的第一步，把例题段落A和F所选的x和ix选项从小标题列表中划掉，避免干扰我们。然后我们再按照第二步，阅读所有小标题，判定其中所有反向思维词，分析所有小标题并进行反向思维。
标题i: The effect of changing demographics on organizations
其中的反向思维词有两个：第一是demographics，是一个细节词。这是第一种反向思维词，也是最常见的反向思维词。如果某个段落选这个标题，该段落一定会出现demographics这个词，否则不会选择这个标题。第二是changing。作为一个表达变化的词和increase, growth, rise一样，如果标题中出现了这样的词，该段落一般会出现数据。综上所述，选择标题i的段落应该会出现demographics这个词并出现数据，否则排除。
标题ii: Future changes in the European workforce
这个标题中出现了三个反向思维词：其一是European。如果某段落选这个标题，该段落一定会出现European。其次是changes，该段落会出现数字。再次是future（同类的还有past和recent），该段落会出现年代或时间，而且一定是未来的年代或时间。如果以上信息均未出现则排除。
标题iii: The unstructured interview and its validity
该标题中只有一个反向思维词—unstructured interview。如果某段落选这个标题，这个段落一定会出现unstructured interview，否则排除。
标题iv: The person-skills match approach to selection
整个标题都是反向思维词，该段落应该会出现person-skills match，如果没有出现则不会选这个标题。
标题v: The implications of a poor person-environment fit
该标题中的第一个反向思维词是personal-environment fit，该段落一定会出现这个词。其次是implications。因为这个词是复数形式，按照反向思维考虑，该段落应该会出现多个结果的列举。最后一个反向思维词是不定冠词“a”，该段落一般会出现一个具体的案例。如果没有出现以上信息则排除。
标题vi: some poor selection decisions
该标题中只有一个反向思维词—some。当标题中出现some的时候，段落中应该会出现多个具体的实例，例如：IBM做了一个错误的选择决定，HP也做了一个错误的选择决定，Dell也做了一个错误的选择决定等等类似的具体的实例。
如果没有出现以上信息则排除。
标题vii: The validity of selection procedures
这里出现了一个表达流程的反向思维词procedures（与此类似的还有process）。如果某段落要把process或者procedures写出来，该段落应该会出现大量的表达顺序的词汇例如：first，second，third等这样的序数词或in the beginning, afterwards, after that, finally等这样的词汇。如果没有出现则排除。
标题viii: The person-environment fit
此标题和标题v相似，也出现了反向思维词person-environment fit，所以该段落也至少应该出现这个词汇，否则排除。
现在所有的反向思维工作都已经完成。接下来的工作就是浏览段落并和所有小标题一一比较并利用排除法解答了。
B段落：浏览完之后发现，该段落没有出现标题i的demographics，排除。也没有出现标题ii的European，排除。也没有出现标题iii的unstructured interview，排除。标题iv中的person-skills match出现了，待选。标题v中的person-environment fit没有出现，排除。也没有标题vi中应有的具体实例，排除。也没有标题vii中应出现的表达顺序的词汇，排除。标题viii也没提到，排除。这样一来，其他选项全部排除，该段落应该选择的正确标题就是iv。
C段落：先把段落从头到尾浏览一遍，像B段落一样排除了所有可以排除的选项只剩下v和viii两个选项。这时有两种解决方案：其一，把这两个选项全部选出来，如果其余的某段落选择v，则该段落应该选择viii，反之亦然。其二，可以把这两个段落再次进行反向思维，并再次和C段落进行比较—该段落如果选v，则应该提到一个具体的poor person-environment fit的实例，并且讲述它所导致的多个结果；如果选viii，则应该介绍person-environment fit是什么。很明显，段落浏览完之后发现，标题v的信息没有提到，所以viii是非常合适的选择。
D段落：全段浏览完之后发现除了v和vi这两个标题，其它标题都可以被排除掉。此时比较标题v和vi，该段明显以一半以上的篇幅描写了a poor person-environment所导致的多种不同结果，而只在第一句话提到了poor selection decisions。所以选择标题v是更为明智的选择。
E段落：全段浏览完之后，除了标题iii之外，其余标题的信息都未提到，所以可以直接判定该段的正确选项为iii。
G段落：该段只提到了标题i的信息，其余标题全部排除，所以正确选项为i。至此，这篇文章所有的List of Headings题就利用新的解题方法完全解答出来了。这种第二代、2.0版本的解题方法优点至少有三：
1.巧妙的避开了寻找主题句或中心句
2.以每位考生都具备的思维能力为基础化解英文阅读
3.迅速正确的解答所有题目
希望广大考生能够以此为启发，在自己雅思学习和准备过程中多思考多对比，并寻找最适合自己的套路和方法，最终学好英语、通过考试，实现自己成功的人生。
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雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）
Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科 After repairs, she plied for several years as a passe nger liner between Britain and America, before being converted to a cable-laying ship and la ying the first lasting” Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunnel unde r London's River Thames 题目配对 tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsibl e for it Though ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical innovat ions was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧 Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (since engi neers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the l argest ship built until the turn of the century. Like many of Brunel's ambitious projects, t he ship soon ran over budget and behind schedule in the face of a series of technical probl ems.great eastern 配对建设推迟了很对次和财务上不成功我配了两个
1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. 2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. 3. Corot， short for convection rotation and planetary transits， is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface， and quite possibly life， although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find "any little green men". 4. Developed by the French space agency， CNES， and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA)， Austria， Belgium， Germany， Brazil and Spain， Corot will monitor around 120，000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years， it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky， measuring the brightness of about 10，000 stars every 512 seconds. 5. "At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets， not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men，" Professor Ian Roxburgh， an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception， told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme. 6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find "rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and， if they are the right distance from their parent star，they could have water". 7. To search for planets， the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star， known as a "transit". Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water， Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.
Time to cool it 1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century， but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it， and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them. 2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by， for example， a person， and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists， however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down. 3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. 4 As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has， nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money， though， may be in cooling computers. 5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law， which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months， is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact， it more than doubles， because besides increasing in number，the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company，Intel， in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second. 6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃， they
Questions 1-6 Classify the following information as referring to a ambergris only B amber only C both ambergris and amber d neither ambergris nor amber Write the correct letter, A, B,C, or D in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. 1being expensive 2adds flavor to food 3used as currency 4being see-through 5referred to by Herman Melville 6produces sweet smell Questions 7-9 Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage. Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet. 7. Sperm whales can’t digest the ____ of the squids. 8. Sperm whales drive the irritants out of their intestines by ____. 9. T he vomit of sperm whale gradually____ on contact of air before having pleasant smell.
雅思阅读练习题及答案 ★Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（2）
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief，continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag，’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in ， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years， European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution， laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted，not immobilised， by this setback. D. In the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances， the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto
2017年雅思考试阅读练习试题附答案 人的知识和人的力量这两件东西是结合为一体的;工作的失败都起于对因果关系的无知。以下是小编为大家搜索整理2017年雅思考试阅读练习试题附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! Volatility Kills You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below. A Despite gun battles in the capital of Chad, rioting in Kenya and galloping inflation in Zimbabwe, the economics of sub-Saharan Africa arc, as a whole, in better shape than they were a few years ago. The World Bank has reported recently that this part of the continent experienced a respectable growth rate of 5.6 percent in 2006 and a higher rate from 1995 to 2005 than in previous decades. The bank has given a cautious assessment that the region may have reached a turning point. An overriding question for developmental economists remains whether the upswing will continue so Africans can grow their way out of a poverty that relegates some 40 percent of the nearly 744 million in that region to living on less than a dollar a day. The optimism, when inspected more closely, may be short-lived because of the persistence of a devastating pattern of economic volatility that has lingered for decades. B “In reality, African countries grow as fast as Asian countries and other developing countries during the good times, but afterward they see growth collapses,” comments Jorge Arbache, a senior World Bank economist. “How to prevent collapses may be as important as promoting growth.” If these collapses had not occurred, he observes, the level of gross domestic product for each citizen of the 48 nations of sub-Saharan Africa would have been a third higher. C The prerequisite to prevent the next crash are not in place, according to a World Bank study issued in January. Is Africa's Recent Growth Robust? The growth period that began in 1995, driven by a commodities boom spurred in particular by demand from China, may not be sustainable, because the economic fundamentals—new investment and the ability to stave off inflation, among other factors—are absent. The region lacks the necessary infrastructure that would encourage investors to look to Africa to find the next Bengaluru (Bangalore) or Shenzhen, a November report from the bank concludes. For sub-Saharan countries rich in oil and other resources, a boom period may even undermine efforts to institute sound economic practices. From 1996 to 2005, with growth accelerating, measures of governance—factors such as political stability, rule of law, and control of corruption—actually worsened, especially for countries endowed with abundant mineral resources, the January report notes. D Perhaps the most incisive analysis of the volatility question comes from Paul Collier, a longtime specialist in African economics at the University of Oxford and author of the recent book The Bottom Billion. He advocates a range of options that the U.S. and other nations could adopt when formulating policy toward African countries. They include revamped trade measures, better-apportioned aid and sustained military intervention in certain instances, to avert what he sees as a rapidly accelerating divergence of the world’s poorest, primarily in Africa, from the rest
Test 1 威廉·吉尔伯特与磁场学 2012年9月6日 2010年8月5日 2007年9月20日 2007年1月20日 2003年酷夏 2013年11月9日 2010年10月30日 2009年3月28日 2009年1月10日 2007年9月20日 业余自然爱好者 2011年4月2日 2007年12月13日 Test 2 如何识破说谎者 2014年1月25日 2013年8月29日 2012年1月12日 2011年11月17日 2010年1月30日 2009年3月21日在右撇子世界里做左撇子 2011年9月17日 2010年1月30日 苏联人的新工作制 2012年7月21日 2009年4月30日 2009年2月7日Test 3 示例学习法 2013年10月26日 2011年9月15日 2009年2月7日新冰川时代 2012年2月18日 2009年11月19日 2009年9月26日 2009年2月7日 2007年10月13日 2007年7月14日作物指南 2007年9月20日 Test 4 莫扎特效应 2009年3月14日 2007年12月13日 蚂蚁和橘子 2011年6月25日 2007年9月1日 音乐：我们共同的语言 2010年9月16日 2007年9月1日 Test 5 神奇的植物 2011年7月9日 2010年3月6日 2009年4月25日儿童文学 2011年10月29日 2011年7月9日 2010年3月6日 2008年10月23日 滑石粉 2013年1月5日 2010年3月6日 Test 6 成功的芬芳 2011年10月29日 2010年4月10日 卡里尔夫人和石炭酸球 2014年1月11日 2011年5月19日 2010年4月10日交流的方式与冲突 2012年11月3日 2010年4月10日 Test 7 新西兰海藻 2009年8月8日 2008年8月9日 2007年10月25日乐观与健康 2010年7月31日 2008年2月23日 2007年4月21日哥伦比亚大交换 2007年3月31日
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（4）
Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is
2019 年雅思考试阅读理解提分训练试题及答案（三篇） To begin with,"muzak"( 音乐广播网)was intended simply to create a soothing( 安慰)atmosphere.Recently,however,it's become big business —thanks in part to recent research.Dr.Ronald Milliman,an American marketing expert,has shown that music can boost sales or increase factory production by as much as a third. But,it has to be light music.A fast one has no effect at all on sales.Slow music can increase receipts by 38%.This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they like to buy.Yet,slow music isn't always https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd6703392.html,liman found,for example,that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals,which reduced overall sales.So restaurants owners might be well advised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers moving — unless of course,the resulting indigestion leads to complaints! 练习1.The reason why background music is so popular is that ______. A.it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it B.it can help to create a soothing atmosphere C.it can boost sales or increase factory production everywhere D.it can make customers eat their meals quickly 2.Background music means ________. A.light music that customers enjoy most
2018年雅思阅读模拟题及答案解析(20) Don’t wash those fossils! Standard museum practice can wash away DNA. 1. Washing，brushing and varnishing fossils —all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike —vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA. 2. Instead，excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves，and freezing samples as they are found，dirt and all，concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. 3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA，Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris，France，and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information，they say，needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones. 4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species，called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times —either in 1947，and stored in a museum collection，or in 2004，and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC. 5. The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils，however，all yielded DNA.