第一单元李嘉诚
李嘉诚80年前出生于广东省潮州市一个颇有教养的家庭。1940年，随父母定居香港。三年后父亲因病不幸辞世，15岁的李嘉诚不得不担负起养家糊口的重担。他先是来到一家表带制作店打工，然后当了一名塑料品售货员。由于他工作努力，很快就被提升为经理，随后又升为总经理。1950年，他用自己的积蓄，在香港创建了长江塑料厂，由此开始了他辉煌的经商生涯。1957年，他创建了长江工业有限公司，专门生产经营塑料花，玩具等。第二年，他首次涉足不动产。到30岁时，他已经名声大震，成了香港一位卓有成就的商人。今天，李嘉诚的公司涉足领域很广，从地产开发，投资到不动产管理，代理，证券投资，从酒店，零售，到制造业，电信，运输，能源等，遍布各行各业。
Eighty years ago in Chaozhou, Guangdong, Mr.Li Ka-shing was born into a well-educated family.in 1940 ,he moved with his parents to settle in hongkong. Unfortunately his father died of illness three years later ,so Li Ka-shing,who was then only 15 ,had to shoulder the responsibility of supporting his family .He first worked for a firm manufacturing watch-shraps ,and then became a salesman of plastic products .Because of his hard work ,he was son promoted to manager and then ,general manager .in 1950, with his own savings ,he set up a plastic factory named cheung kong in hongkong, thus beginning his illustrious career in the business world .in 1957,he established cheung kong industrial company limited, specializing real estate business and ,by the age of 30,had made a name for himself in hongkong as a successful businessman .today ,his business encompass such diverse areas as property development and investment ,estate management and real estate agency, securities investment , hotels , retail , manufacturing , telecommunications , transportation, energy, ect.
第二单元谚语
谚语是人们普遍使用的一些简练的说法，表达了人们对日常生活或公认的真理的一种敏锐的领悟。大多数谚语源于民间传说，并以口头的形式得到保存流传。最常见的一例便是“滚石不聚苔”。《圣经》为我们提供了大量的谚语，如“以牙还牙，以眼还眼”，“谋事在人成事在天”等。谚语因其简洁（如“欲速则不达”），押韵（如“三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮”），讽刺（如“乌鸦笑猪黑，自丑不觉得”）,隐喻（“水深流静”）和比较对照（如“比上不足比下有余”）等特点而引人入胜。
Proverbs
Proverbs are concise statements in general use, expressing a shrewd perception about everyday life or a universally recognized truth. Most proverbs are rooted in folklore and have been preserved by oral tradition . an example of such commonplace wisdom is “a rolling stone gathers no mass ”.the bible has provided us with a large number of Proverbs ,such as “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ”, “man proposes ,god disposes ”,etc .proverbs are appealing because of their succinctness（eg “more haste , less speed”）,rhyme (“three cobblers with their wits combined equal zhugeliang the mastermind ”),irony (“the pot calls the kettle black”),metaphor (eg “still waters run deep ”), comparison and contrast (eg “ fall short of the best but be better than the worst ”).
第三单元温哥华
温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中还包括多族团体所做的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足300万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个亚洲人。而且，住在那的25万华人对温哥华的经济转型骑着决定性作用。他们当中的半数是今5年才到温哥华的。他们的到来使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。
Vancouver
Vancouver’s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver ,including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups .Canada is vast ,under-populated country with a land area larger than that of china and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country .among its 1.8 million residents ,half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four local people. moreover ,the 250000 overseas Chinese there have played a decisive role in the city’s economic transition .half of these Chinese came to the city in the past five city years and their arrival has made Vancouver the largest overseas Chinese community outside asia .
第四单元建设和谐世界
我们提出推动建设和谐世界,符合当今世界发展潮流和各国人民的共同利益与愿望，体现了中国政府和人民致力于世界和平与进步的坚定信念。建设和谐世界就是要在政治上平等民主，经济上互利合作，文化上交流共进，通过国与国之间的友好合作，共同应对全球性的传统和非传统安全挑战，实现世界的持久和平与共同繁荣。面对复杂多变的国际形势，我们要高举和平，发
展，合作的旗帜，坚定不移的走和平发展道路，坚定不移的奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚定不移的在和平共处五项原则基础上同世界各国和睦相处，捍卫国家主权，安全和利益，维护我国发展的重要战略机遇期，为全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化建设营造良好的外部环境。
The building of a harmonious world
We call for and promote The building of a harmonious world, which is in line with the trend of the times in the world today and reflects the common interests and aspirations of people across the globe .this embodies a firm commitment on the part of the Chinese government and people to work for world peace and progress .in order to build a harmonious world ,there must be political equality and democracy, mutually beneficial economic cooperation ,and cultural exchanges that promote common progress .and countries of the world must work together in friendly cooperation to address traditional and non-traditional global security threats and bring about lasting peace and common prosperity for the whole world . In the face of a complicated and fluid international situation ,we need to hold high the banner of peace ,development and cooperation ,firmly adhere to the path of peaceful development ,steadfastly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace,maintain friendly relations with other countries based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence ,safeguard china’s sovereignty, security and interests ,ensure that china is able to take advantage of this period of important strategic opportunities ,and create a favorable environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerating socialist modernization.
第五单元读书的乐趣
读书或者享受书籍之乐素来被视为个人修养的生活雅事。一个人要是没有养成读书的习惯，就会感到生活单调乏味：所交往的是为数不多的几个朋友，所见所闻也仅限于周遭发生的事情。可是当他拿起一本书，马上就会进入一个截然不同的世界。如果那是一本好书，他很快便会接触到世界上最博学的人。作者会引导他前进，带他到一个不同的国度或不同的时代，跟他讨论一些闻所未闻的学问或话题。
The Pleasure of reading
Reading or enjoying books has always been regarded as a matter of self-cultivation in one’s life .if a person hasn’t formed the habit of reading ,his life would be both monotonous and boring .he has few friends to converse with and what he knows is confined in a small sphere around him .
But when he takes a book ,he would instantly enter an entirely different world .if it happens to be a good book , he would soon come into contact with one of the most erudite scholars in the world .the author may guide him advance along ,lead him to a different country of the past ages and discuss with him some knowledge and topics that he has never heard of .
第六单元何振梁
7月13日晚在莫斯科国际贸易中心，当国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇宣布北京获得2008年奥运会主办权后，一楼新闻中心大屏幕久久定格在一个动人的场面上：何振梁眼含热泪，与前来祝贺的国际奥委会委员逐个握手，拥抱，感谢老朋友，千言万语尽在不言中。
何振梁，两次参加申办奥运会，两次担当陈述人。他在莫斯科的陈述中，以资金及毕业对奥林匹克理想的追求和中国人民对奥运会的期盼二深深打动了各位奥委会委员。当奥运会圣火燃起的时候，人民最不该忘记的就是这位北京申奥的功臣-何振梁
He Zhenliang
On the evening of july 13 ,after Samaranch, resident of the international Olympic committee(IOC),announced in the international trade center in Moscow that Beijing would host the summer Olympic games in 2008 ,a moving scene was being projected on the large screen in the press center on the first floor :mr .He zhengliang ,with tears in his eyes ,was busy shaking hands with and embracing his old friends-the IOC members who came up to him to congratulate ；his heartfelt thanks for them was beyond words .
Mr .He has twice participated in china’s bids for the Olympic games and twice acted as the presenter. In his presentation to IOC in Moscow ,all the IOC members were deeply moved by his life-long pursuit of the Olympic dreams and the Chinese peoples’s expectation for the Olympic games to come to china .when the fire of the Olympic games is lit the person that we must never forget is He Zhengliang-the great contributor to Beijing’s success.
第七单元个人网上银行
足不出户，直达账户。现代科技，让生活变得如此便利：网络交易，让您轻松摆脱时空束缚。个人网上银行是中国银行推出的
基于国际互联网的金融交易以及信息查询服务系统。您能可以用它进行外汇，黄金，证券，基金等多项金融交易，以及查询本人账户情况和汇市，基金行情等各类金融信息。根据您对交易功能和安全认证的不同需求，你可选择“专业版”或“大众版”个人网上银行。其中“专业版”适合于炒汇，炒金等专业客户，为外汇，黄金，证券等大额资金交易提供更安全的身份认证;“大众版”的特点是申请和使用简便快捷，适合于需要查询，转账，缴费，基金交易等一般网上交易功能的客户。
Personal online bank
Stay indoors while enjoying our service .modern science and technology has made life convenient that trading online can free you from the fetters of space and time . the personal online bank is the financial transaction and information service system introduced by bank of china .through this service ,you can do financial transactions such as foreign currency ,gold securities ,funds,etc ;you can also inquire information about your personal account ,foreign currency market and fund quotations ,etc.
To satisfy demands for different transactions and security authentication, we provide “professionalversion”or “common version”personal online bank for you to choose .the former is suitable for professional customers trading in for foreign currency ,speculating In gold ,etc ,and offers security authentication for large-volume transaction such as foreign currency ,gold , securities ect, and the latter is easy to apply for ,simple to use and suitable for customers online who need to check and transfer accounts ,pay fees ,and buy and sell funds ,etc
第八单元知识与知识分子
“知识”一词是近代通过日文输入汉语的一个英文外来词，是指人们实践中获得的认识和经验，也是指人类积累的关于自然和社会的认识和经验的总和。广义的知识按内容分为四种，即关于“知道是什么”的知识，记载事实的数据；关于“知道为什么”的知识，记载自然和社会的原理与规律方面的理论；关于“知识怎么做”的知识，指某类工作的实际技巧和经验：关于知道是谁的知识，指谁知道是什么，谁知道为什么和谁知道怎么做的信息。按照这样的定义理解知识一词，那么知识分子应该是掌握了知识的一个阶层。他们具有较高的文化水平，往往从事脑力工作，如科学工作者，教师，医生，记者，工程师等都属于知识分子这一阶层。
Knowledge and intellectuals
Knowledgein Chinese is a loan word borrowed from English via Japanese in modern times ,meaning people’s cognition and experience acquired through their practice . it also refers to the totality of human cognition and experience of the nature and society .in a broad sense , Knowledge may fall into four categories in terms of its contents ,namely Knowledge concerning Knowing what ,which records the factual data ; Knowledge concerning Knowing why ,which records the theories of natural and social principles and regulations ;knowledge concerning Knowing how ,which refers to the actual technique and experiences of a certain work ;and knowledge concerning Knowing who is it ,which refers to the person who knows what it means and knows the information of why and how to handle it .according to such definition ,intellectuals should be a class of people who have a good command of knowledge .with higher standard of education ,they are usually engaged in mental work .people belonging to this class include such professional as scientific as scientific works ,teachers ,doctors ,journalists ,engineers …,etc.
生活的真谛
我们总是希望生活能够一帆风顺，风雨无阻，希望能够尽情的享受生活的安宁。在宁静的日子里读一本好书能使我们舒心，开阔视野，恰如冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友促膝谈心。静静的听一段音乐，专注的画几笔画，认真的摆一道残局，或者翻翻影集，萦怀昔日的思念，这些都是人生的乐事。宁静的生活时光多么令人惬意！正如水库是在宁静中积蓄力量，瀑布是在热闹中宣泄势能一样，一个人应该在宁静中丰富自己的人生。然而，生活中不可能只有宁静，偶尔也总会有寒风吹过。不管我们喜欢不喜欢，生活始终是一场奋斗，所以我们必须学会在享受宁静的同时，经受得住风吹雨打
The Essence of life
We always pray that our life will be easy and stromless,and that we can enjoy the tranquility of life to our life to our hearts ‘content.on a windless day, a favorite book can ease ous mind and broaden our visions. Reading a book is like having a fireside chat with a friend.Quietly enjoy a piece of music,attentively draw a picture,enter the final phase of a game of Chinese chess,or open an album and let the photos bring back past memories-these are real pleasure in life
How gratifying it is that our life is endrowed with moments of tranquility!Just as a reservoir quietly stores its waterpower,and a
waterfall thunderously sets off its water flow,tranquility is where an enriched life comes from.However,tranquility never comes alone in our life.Cold winds are bound to blow now and then.
Whether we like it or not,life is always a struggle.So we must face the world and brave the storm while enjoying the tranquility of life.
第十单元高科技竞争
Fax Machines
Fax Machines have been widely used in china as a popular and important modern
第十一单元人脑能了解多少
第十二单元因特网
The internet
第十三单元人体与癌症
第十四单元教育思想的转变
教育思想的转变需要我们拓宽专业面向，增强适应性，按照指示，能力，智慧，素质协调发展的要求，构造新的人才培养模式，培养高素质，高层次，多样性，创造性的人才：在教育质量上，要改变过去那种教师单向传授知识，学生被动学习，以考试分数作为衡量教育成果的唯一标准的观念，要用新的眼光判断什么是好的学校，什么是好的课程，什么是好的教育成果，什么是好的老师，什么是好的学生等问题
The Change of educational ideology
The Change of educational ideology requires us to widen the sphere of specialties , enhance the adaptability ,and frame a new education mode to develop comprehensive abilities of the students in such aspects as knowledge ,aptitude, intelligence ,and personal quality ,etc ,so as to construct a new mode of fostering qualified and creative personal of diversified specialties at high levels .with regard to quality of education, we should change the traditional mode of classroom teaching-with teachers elaborating all the time and students passively imputing .and so is the concept of considering scores as the sole criteria for the evaluation of the result of education .we should evaluate our education with new standards ,drawing a distinction between good schools good curricula and poor ones between effective education and ineffective one, between qualified teachers ,students and unqualified ones .
高考英语重点句型汉译英强化训练 1.他的叔叔过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。(used) 2. 他一点也不喜欢喝咖啡，宁可喝茶。(prefer) 3. 对学生来说，学会一门外语是多么重要啊!(how) 4. 这件大衣值多少钱？(cost) 5. 他把他的一生献给了宇宙飞船的研究。(devote) 6. 你最好现在不要把坏消息告诉他。(had better) 7. 他是一位有经验的驾驶员，他习惯于在各种各样的天气情况下开车。(used) 8. 今晚你应该复习功课，而不应该看电视。(instead) 9. 没有什么能阻止这孩子冒险爬那棵高树。(prevent) 10. 妈妈很少晚上一个人出去，是吗？(seldom) 11. 尽量用英语表达自己，别害怕犯错误。(afraid) 12. 到去年底，中国的人口是多少？(population) 13. 从广州到纽约的路是多么长啊！(it) 14. 当我一到达机场时，飞机就起飞了。(Hardly) 15. 这男孩洗完了脸，似乎才几秒钟。(seem) 16. 如果你不努力学习，你不会取得成功。(unless) 17. 无论你做什么，应尽最大努力。(Whatever) 18. 不管这项任务多么困难，我们要尽最大的努力准时完成。(However) 19. 虽然他是孩子，他知道怎样生活和学习。(as) 20. 既然天好，我把所有的窗都打开了。(Now that) 21. 这里的气候与昆明的气候一样好。(as… as) 22. 她再也不像过去那样讲和笑。(no longer) 23. 我们对世界了解得越多，我们将取得更大的成功。(the more… the more) 24. 只要我们不失去信心，我们会找到办法克服困难的方法。(As long as) 25. 无论谁做这事都没有什么区别。(whoever) 26. 一旦她开始跳舞，她就忘记了时间。(Once) 27. 这座山是那么高以至于我不能爬到山顶上。(… so… that) 28. 只要你一直练习说英语，不多久你肯定会掌握它。(On condition that) 29. 长江是中国最长的河流，去年夏天我们去参观过。(visit) 30. 你见到过写昨天我们讨论过的那篇作文的女孩吗？(whose) 31.众所周知，指南针首先是中国制造的。(As) 32. 我们需要更多的练习是十分清楚的。(practice) 33. 你没听李老师的报告真是太遗憾了。(miss) 34. 碰巧我那天晚上有空。(happen) 35. 据提议试验应该在低温下做。(suggest) 36. 他已经做的事情与我们无关。(nothing) 37. 她问我花了多长时间建成这座大桥。(take) 38. 直到昨天我才知道他要来。(not… until) 39. 这城市不像三年前的那样子了。(used) 40. 这正是你要寻找的东西。(look) 41. 彼得一直没有来的原因是他没赶上这班火车。(catch) 42. 他认为每次考试作好准备是重要的。(it)
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学
家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
我们整个经济的发展战略，能源、交通是重点，农业也是重点。农业的发展一靠政策，二靠科学。科学技术的发展和作用是无穷无尽的。 Our strategy f or developing the econom y as a whole gives priorit y to energy, comm unication and agriculture. Agricultural develo pm ent depends f irst on policy and second o n science. T here are no lim its to the develo pm ent of science and technolo gy经济活动对环境有着潜在的威胁，对此人们已经有了进一步的认识。目前在一些国家已经有了一些组织，负责督促政府、企业甚至个人，无论干什么首先要有环境意识。现在人们已经不再把环境保护看成是可做可不做的事情了。 T here has been considerable progress in recog nizin g the poten tial threats t o the environm ent that econom ic activity poses. Nowadays, there are already som e environm ental grou ps ens uring t hat go vernm ents, f irm s and even individ uals rarely act without consi dering the environm ental consequences of their actions. Enviro nm ental issues are now no longer consi dered m arginal. 在这个国家的历史上，教育从来没有像现在这样对我们如此重要。从能源危机到环境污染，从生活水平的提高到空间探索，即将到来的21世纪充满了种种挑战。要战胜那些挑战，不论怎样，在很大程度上取决于教育的质量。Never in the nat ion’s hi story has it s educati on been s o im portant as n ow. From energy crises to air polluti on,and f rom the im provem ent of the standard of living to space ex ploration, the approaching world of the 21st century is f ull of challenges whose resolu tio n, f or better or worse,will depend largely on the qual ity of education. 中国的环境教育起步较晚，它是随着中国环境保护事业的发展而发展起来的。中国是一个发展中国家，但与工业化国家一样面临着较大范围，较大规模的经济开发活动，同时人口压力较大，环境保护和生态平衡问题引起了政府、人民以及科技与教育工作者的极大关注。 China’s enviro nm ental education started only quite recently and it has been growing in conf orm ity with the developm ent of China’s env ironm ental protectio n. As a developi ng cou ntry, China is engaged in econom ic activities o n a scale as large as that in the industrialized coun tries.Meanwhile,it is also ex periencing the pressure of a huge population.T he issue of environm ental protection and balanced ecology has aroused great concern f rom the governm ent, the ordinary people and the peop le in the f ields of technology and educatio n. 在我们的社会里，一个人的成功还是以他的收入来衡量的。人们要求增加收入，就像希望较高的收入能带来舒适的生活一样，实则是希望获得成功。因此，不管工作如何枯燥乏味，只要能出人头地，他是能够忍受下去的。 In our society, success is s till m easured by incom e. And the desire that m en feel to increase their incom e is quite as m uch a desire f or success as f or a comf ortable life, which a higher incom e can bring.No matter how dull the work m ay be, it becom es bearable if it is a m eans of building up a reputatio n. 为了接待每年数以万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代化宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。 T o receive m illion s of f oreign visitors annually, China’s touri sm departm ents are trying every poss ible m eans to im prove accomm odation f or tourists.In m any places, new tourist centers are being ex ploited, m ore and m ore m odern hotels are being set up and f oreign-language-speaki ng touri st gui des being trained s o as to suit the growin g dem ands of tourism industry. 我们的国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进，但是十几亿人口的素质是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。 If our country is to achieve m odernization,the biggest obstacle is not the shortage of natural resources,nor the lack of f unds,still less the problem of technology,but rather the qualit y of the m ore than one billi on peop le, f or f unds can be accum ulated, technolo gy can be created or im ported,but the overall quality of the huge population, which canno t be im ported, m ust only be im proved by ourselves. 振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育，适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构，逐步形成政府办学为主与社会各界参与办学相结合的新体制。 T he vitality of science and technolog y and the prosperity of econom y m ust be based on education.T he educational system should be im proved in a way that com pulsory education is popu larized, vocational and adult education vigoro usl y strengthened, higher educatio n m oderately developed and educational structure stron gly opt im ized so that a new educational system can be gradually shaped in which education is m ainly run by the governm ent with the help of various circle. 改革开放以来，我国个人收入分配的平均主义逐步被打破，个人收入差距也在逐渐拉开。其中，向合理拉开距离的方向发展是主流。但与此同时，一些不合理的因素也在发展。当前比较突出的是，不同行业之间，不同社会群体之间个人收入的差距在明显拉大，对这些问题要予以高度重视。 Since the im plem entation of the ref orm and the opening-up po licy,China’s equalitariani sm in personal incom e has been gradually losing grou nd with increased disparit y in the incom e of individuals. T houg h the event is gro win g towards a proporti onate trend, a num ber of disproportio nate f actors are also developin g, the m ost striking one being the ever-enlarging disparit y in personal incom e between diff erent occupations and social grou ps.And t his sh ould receive our due attentio n. 要让我们的国产名牌为世界尽可能多的消费者认可，广告创作就必须使用国际共通的语言，而不能局限在自己的传统文化和传统手法之内。优秀的广告会跨越语言文字的障碍，而优秀的创意就是国际语言。 T o make our native-m ade brands recognized by as m any consum ers as possib le, instead of being conf ined to our traditional culture and techniq ues, we should advertise our goals in a way that is understo od to the uni versal comm unity.Brilliantly m ade advertisem ent can surm ount the barrier of language while brilliant creation itself is universal language. 他是我所认识的人中唯一肯指出我对错误并帮助我改正的人。He is the only person I know wh o will po int ou t m y m istakes and help me correct them. 科学家们已经做了无数次实验表明，在改进人的行为方面，表扬比批评有 效得多。Scientists have done countles s ex perim ents to show that praise is f ar m ore effective than criticism in im proving hum an behavior. 他们就更加严厉地惩处犯罪分子地必要性取得了一致的意见，但谈到是否应 该恢复死刑时却出现了意见分歧。T hey agreed on the necessity of punishi ng crim inals m ore severely, but when it cam e to whether the death penalt y shou ld be brough t back,diff erences of opinion occurred. 众所周知，我们的许多问题至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。It is well kno wn that m any of our problem s are caused in part by f ailure to comm unicate. 如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车地城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的 城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。If it were lef t to m e to decide whether we should have a city witho ut bi kes or a city witho ut cars, I should not he sitate a m om ent to pref er the latter. 你不必再去多想判断上的那些失误，重要的是尽量避免再犯。T here is no need f or you to dwell on those m istakes in judgm ent any m ore. What is im portant is to try your best to avoi d m aking them once again 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊。 (establish o neself) T oday’s uni versity stu dents are struggling to establis h them selves, but they still have am biguous f eelings about their f uture. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根 据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。(run the risk of ;blind f aith in) W e run the risk of m aking critical decisio ns, not on t he basis of what we know, the f indings of investigat ion s,and the data of ex perim ents,but on the basis of blind f aith in prof essed ex perts 有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了 一个未能解决的问题——考试对教育有什么影响？(open questio n) Som e people think ex am inations are second to no ne, but som e think ex am inations have a lot of disadvantages.Ex am inations leave us an open essential quest ion－w hat inf luence do exam inations ex ert on education. 他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主 管。 He is an ex perienced banker and an acknow ledged trade ex pert, not to m ention an ex cellent m anaging director. 由于经济不景气，房地产经纪人正处于或降低房价或减少销售量的两难境 地。 Because of the econom ic depression,real estate agents are in the dilemm a of whether to lower prices or let sales f all off. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利地交通时，它也应该对诸如空气污染、 交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。(be guilty f or) While wheels have brou ght wit h them better or m ore convenient transportat ion,they are guilty of m any sins,such as air polluti on,traff ic accidents and traff ic congestion. 美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。(be noted f or) Am ericans are noted f or their love f or cars and great job m obility. 一个妇女所获得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭这个环境，到社会 上去实现自我。(be likely to; realize oneself) T he higher a wom an’s educatio nal attainm ent,the m ore likely she is to go out of the private settin g of the nuclear f am ily and to realize herself in the comm unity. 在一些国家的敦促下，联合国对该过施加压力，迫使其放弃研制和使用核武 器。(pressure sb to do) Urged by som e other countries,the United Natio ns has pressured the country to give up develop ing and us ing nuc lear weapons. 不少大学生更关心怎样在毕业后谋得一份报酬优厚得工作，怎样在这个充满 竞争得社会里迅速得到提升。(be concerned with) Many college students are f ar m ore concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduatio n and how to receive a quick prom otion in the com petitive society. 一个有工作的妇女既要照顾她的孩子和老人，又要设法保住这份工作，是一 件非常困难的事。(hold down ) It is a dem anding task f or a working wom an to look af ter her parents and her children while hol din g dow n a job. 大多数自然资源保护主义者认为，在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达， 而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。(conservationis t; survival) Most conservati oni sts bel ieve that hum ans thrive best in ecol ogical health an d that the sign of this health is the surviva l of a diversity of wild anim als. 人与野生动物之间的差别之一就在于，前者能就他们改变自然的种类及规模 作出明智的选择。（as to） One of the diff erences between hum ans and wild an im als is that/l ies in t hat f orm er can m ake a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the change they m ake to nature. 进到报负，人们往往把它与地位、名誉和权利连在一起，因此，长期以来许 多人不愿意谈论自己的梦想。(identif y with) Am bition is alwa ys iden tif ied with rank, f ame and power. T heref ore m any people have been unwill ing to tal k about their dream s f or s long tim e. 野心常被认为是带有贬义的。这是因为有些一心追求自己利益的人不择手段 地要达到目的，损害了他人。(comm ensurate with; sin gle-m inded) Am bition i s of ten regarded as being com m ensurate with bad sen se because the single-m inded have tried to achieve their goals by f air m eans or f oul and of ten harm others. 不难现象，没有理想与报负的世界会是怎样的。这只会是一个没有进步、 令人厌烦的社会。(shorn of) It is not diff icult to imagine a world shorn of am bition. It would probably be a world with no pro gress and no develo pm ent. And,of course,it would be a tedious world. 所谓理想的好人实际上并不一定对社会有益；人们对好人的标准一直有不同 的看法。 So-called ideally good m en, in f act, are not always of benef it to society and the standards of goodness have lo ng been argued. 1
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和
汉译英 1.走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分 地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。 翻译：To take the road of socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step. Our plan is as follow: where conditions permit, some areas may develop faster than others; those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind, unti l all become prosperous… One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state. 2.要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。 翻译：We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies. 3.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具 备诸多有利因素 翻译：China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 4.社会主义中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 翻译：Socialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism（霸权主义）and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 5.老科学家、中年科学家很重要，青年科学家也很重要。 翻译：Veteran and middle-aged scientists are important, and so are young ones. 6.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 翻译：Revolution means emancipation（解放）of the productive forces, and so does reform. 7.将右腿提放20次。再将左腿提放二十次。 翻译：Lift and lower the right leg for 20 times. Repeat with the left leg. 8.世界在观望。世界在倾听。世界希望看到我们的所作所为。 翻译：The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 9.过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展 生产力两个讲全了。 翻译：In the past, we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism, without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform. That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 10.这样好嘛，就是要有创造性。 翻译：That’s good. Creativity is just what we want. 11.对改革开放，一开始就有不同意见，这是正常的。 翻译：In the beginning opinions were divided about the reform and the open policy. That was normal. 12.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 翻译：In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 coastal cities. 13.改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资” 还是姓“社”的问题。 翻译：The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare not break new ground is, in essence（本质上）, that they’re afraid it would mean introducing too many elements of capitalism and, indeed(甚至), taking the capitalist road. The crux（关键）of the matter is whether the road is capitalist or socialist. 14.社会主义发展生产力，成果是属于人民的。 翻译：Under socialism, when the productive forces are developed, the result belongs to the people. 15.基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。 翻译：We should adhere to the basic line for a hundred years, with no vacillation(踌躇，不果断). 16.我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。
2012高考英语汉译英常见错例及解析 一、学生典型错例及错因简析： 1.在你离开之前，有些事应该要告诉你。（ought to;there be) 学生错例： 1)Before you leave, there are somethings I ought to tell you.（受中文“些”字意思影响，误把单数的something 当somethings） 2）Before you leave,there are some things ought to tell you. （误用something;句子成分残缺，从句漏了主语I) 3)There are something that ought to tell you before you leave. 4)There is something ought to tell you before you leaving.(受中文“在”影响，误用了“leaving”） 5)Before you leaving, there are have something ought to tell you.（there be 与have 重复使用） 6)Before you left,there were something that ought to tell you.（误用时态和be 动词） 2.我很难把学习和兴趣结合起来。（combine...with...) 学生错例： 1）I'm difficult to combine study with interest.（典型的中文翻译思维，与地道的英语表达有较大差别） 2) I hardly combining study with interest.（中式英语） 3)It's hardly that combine study with interest.（乱套句型） 4)I hardly combine study with interest.（照字翻译） 3. 我们不能让他撒了谎而不受惩罚。（have sb.doing;get away with) 学生错例：
Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如，奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖，却用了“revolting new ideas”，即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”，目口头号游手好闲者，可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广，直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传：“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”，这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”，即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是，海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌：“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐，希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们，旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而，在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中，这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯：“使用电梯时，请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯，请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序，依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂：“想要客房服务时，请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其，人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客：“来我们餐馆吧，你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人：“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关，可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧，奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而，这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往，根据其告示，“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品，他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服，尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。