DNV规范——挪威船级社

挪威船级社(DNV)对DNV-ST-N001进行重大修订
佚名
【期刊名称】《船舶标准化工程师》
【年(卷),期】2024(57)2
【摘要】近日,挪威船级社(DNV)对业界“首选标准”DNV-ST-N001进行了重大修订。

该标准用于设计和规划海上风电场,海底电缆以及油气资产的运输、安装和拆除等海上作业。

DNV表示,新的重大变化反映了海洋工程行业不断变化的本质,也与DNV支持能源转型的目标相一致,不断确保该标准保持行业相关性,并支持在快速发展的能源转型过程中开展具备成本效益的海洋工程产业。

【总页数】1页(P4-4)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F42
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dnv属于什么标准DNV属于什么标准。

DNV是挪威船级社（Det Norske Veritas）的英文缩写，是全球知名的船级社和技术咨询机构。

它的成立可以追溯到1864年，至今已有百余年的历史。

DNV的主要业务包括船舶和海洋工程、能源和可持续发展、食品安全和医疗保健等领域。

在这些领域中，DNV都制定了一系列的标准和规范，以保障产品和服务的质量和安全性。

那么，DNV属于什么标准呢？首先，DNV属于国际标准。

作为一家全球性的船级社和技术咨询机构，DNV的标准和规范通常是基于国际标准制定的。

比如在船舶和海洋工程领域，DNV的标准往往符合国际海事组织（IMO）和国际船级社协会（IACS）的相关规定。

这使得DNV的标准具有全球通用性，为全球范围内的船舶和海洋工程提供了统一的标准和认证体系。

其次，DNV属于行业标准。

在能源和可持续发展领域，DNV制定了一系列的标准和规范，涵盖了风能、太阳能、电力系统、碳排放管理等方面。

这些标准不仅符合国际通用的标准，还考虑了行业特定的需求和趋势，具有很强的针对性和实用性。

同时，DNV也积极参与国际标准的制定和修订工作，为能源和可持续发展领域的国际标准贡献了力量。

此外，DNV属于技术标准。

在食品安全和医疗保健领域，DNV制定了一系列的标准和规范，涵盖了食品生产、医疗设备、医院管理等方面。

这些标准不仅考虑了国际通用的食品安全和医疗保健标准，还结合了最新的技术趋势和科学研究成果，为食品安全和医疗保健行业提供了前沿的技术支持和指导。

总的来说，DNV的标准属于国际标准、行业标准和技术标准的交叉领域。

它不仅具有全球通用性，还具有很强的针对性和前瞻性。

作为全球知名的船级社和技术咨询机构，DNV的标准对于推动全球各行业的发展和提升产品和服务质量起着至关重要的作用。

相信随着科技的不断进步和全球合作的深化，DNV的标准将会在更多领域发挥更加重要的作用，为全球可持续发展和安全生产做出更大的贡献。

STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATIONNo. 2.7-1 OFFSHORE CONTAINERSAPRIL 2006D ET N ORSKE V ERITASFOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.Standards for CertificationStandards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and prac-tical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standards for Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to clas-sification.A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the ”Rules for Classification of Ships” and the ”Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft”.The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current “Classification Services – Publications” issued by the Soci-ety, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Society’s Web site .Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site © Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske VeritasIf any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.April 2006IntroductionThis Standard for Certification was first published in May, 1989 as "DNV Certification note 2.7-1 Offshore Freight Con-tainers". It was prepared because other regulations at the time, whether international codes, national requirements or rules published by Det Norske Veritas, did not specifically cover offshore containers. A revised Certification Note was issued in May 1995. The basic strength and design requirements from the original edition were retained.Many other standards, codes and regulations exist for contain-ers, container-like units and related types of equipment. Inter-national standards, codes and regulations considered relevant have been taken into account when preparing this Standard for Certification. The most important of these are IMO's circular MSC/Circ.860 and EN 12079. In 1991 the European Commit-tee for Standardisation, CEN, started developing a European Standard (EN) on offshore containers. Technical committee CEN TC 280 prepared EN 12079, which was issued in 1999, and a revised edition will be issued in 2006. The requirements for design, testing and production of offshore containers in EN 12079 are directly based on DNV Standard for Certification 2.7-1. The relationship between this Standard for Certification and other standards, codes and regulations is outlined in sub-chapter 1.2.The Standard for Certification is concerned with certification of all types of offshore containers as transport units. The three typical phases of transport are: shoreside (e.g. by fork lift truck), by supply vessel and lifting to and from offshore instal-lations. The Standard for Certification includes design require-ments related to all three phases.Under conditions in which offshore containers are often trans-ported and handled, the "normal" rate of wear and tear is high, and damage necessitating repair will occur. However, contain-ers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certi-fication should have sufficient strength to withstand the normal forces encountered in offshore operations, and not suf-fer complete failure even if subject to more extreme loads.Changes in the 2006 editionThe Standard for Certification has been extensively revised, with changes in all sections. However, the basic design and strength requirements have not been changed, with the excep-tion of lifting sets. Detailed requirements, interpretations and guidances have been added throughout the standard and in the new appendices. Some requirements have been changed to align with the new EN 12079. New material requirements have been introduced for offshore containers that will only be certified for use in temperate climates. Many editorial changes have been made and the Appendices have been renumbered.The most important changes are:—Section 1 has been extended to include detailed references to other container standards and regulations.—The requirements for materials have been taken out of the design section and moved to a separate Section 3.—In the design section (now Section 4) there are several changes and additions, including protection on the top of open containers, allowable stresses in aluminium, clear-ances in padeye holes, requirements for fork pockets, test-ing of long containers with fork lift, and many additional guidances and notes.—In Section 5 (Production) detailed requirements for NDE have been added and the amount of production testing has been reduced.—Section 8 for lifting sets has been extensively revised. Ref-erence standards have been added, a new calculation method has been introduced, detailed requirements for sling and component certificates have been added and the marking tags on lifting slings have been revised.—In Section 9 the schedule for period examination and tests have been changed.— A new Appendix C has been added with guidelines and examples on strength calculations.— A new appendix D has been added with guidance on de-sign and calculations of padeyes.—Appendix E on calculations of lifting sets has been greatly extended.—IMO's circular on offshore containers, MSC/Circ. 860 has been added at Appendix I.—Existing Annexes 1 and 2 will now be included in the same booklet as the rest of the standard.— A new Annex 3 concerning containers for temperate cli-mates has been introduced. Containers certified to Annex3 have higher design temperature than required by the main requirements of this Standard for Certification, but are otherwise identical to standard offshore containers.Consequences:—Existing offshore containers that DNV have been certified according to previous versions of Standard for Certifica-tion 2.7-1 will also comply with the new standard. Re-cer-tification is generally not deemed necessary. However, on some containers the new requirements for lifting sets in Section 8 may give higher requirements for slings and or shackles.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will comply with the requirements of MSC/Circ.860.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will also comply with the requirements in the new EN12079 parts 1 and 2, and certification to this standard can be in-cluded at no extra cost.April 2006April 2006CONTENTS1.GENERAL (8)1.1Scope (8)1.2Relationship with other standards, codes andregulations (8)1.2.1The International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)1.2.2ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) (8)1.2.3European Standard EN 12079 (8)1.2.4Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore servicecontainers (8)1.2.5Units for transportation offshore (8)1.2.6Regulations for Lifting Appliances (9)1.3National authorities (9)1.4Definitions (9)1.4.1Offshore container (9)1.4.2Freight container (9)1.4.3Units for transportation offshore (9)1.4.4Permanent equipment (9)1.4.5Primary Structure (9)1.4.6Secondary Structure (10)1.4.7Prototype (10)1.4.8Owner (10)1.4.9Lifting set (10)1.4.10Assembly secured shackle (10)1.5List of symbols (10)2.APPROVAL AND CERTIFICATIONPROCEDURES (10)2.1General (10)2.2Approval (11)2.2.1Approval Schemes (11)2.2.2Approval to other standards (11)2.2.3Documents for approval and information (11)2.2.4Design Review (11)2.3Certification (11)2.3.1Survey and certification (11)2.3.2Testing and inspection (12)2.4Certification of existing containers (12)2.5Maintenance of certificate (12)2.6Summary of procedures (12)2.6.1Procedure for individual (case-by-case) approval andcertification (12)2.6.2Procedure for type approval and certification (12)2.6.3Procedure for design assessment for type approval andcertification (12)3.MATERIALS (13)3.1Steel (13)3.1.1General (13)3.1.2Rolled, forged and cast steels in offshore containerstructures (13)3.2Aluminium (14)3.3Non-metallic materials (14)3.4Material certificates (14)4.DESIGN (14)4.1General (14)4.1.1Structural design (15)4.1.2Stability against tipping (15)4.1.3Protruding parts and top protection (15)4.1.4Design temperature (15)4.2 Structural strength (15)4.2.1Allowable stresses (15)4.2.2Load distribution (16)4.2.3Lifting loads (16)4.2.4Impact loads (16)4.2.5Minimum material thickness............................................174.3Welding (17)4.3.1Welding of padeyes (17)4.3.2Welding of other primary structure (17)4.4Design Details (17)4.4.1Padeyes (17)4.4.2Intermediate cargo decks (17)4.4.3Stacking and stacking fittings (18)4.4.4ISO-corner fittings (18)4.4.5Floor (18)4.4.6Fork lift pockets (18)4.4.7Container walls (18)4.4.8Doors and hatches (18)4.4.9Internal securing points (18)4.4.10Tugger points (19)4.4.11Equipment (19)4.4.12Coating and corrosion protection (19)4.5Tank containers and bulk containers (19)4.5.1Tank containers (19)4.5.2Tank containers for dangerous goods (19)4.5.3Containers for bulk solids (19)4.5.4Bulk Containers for solid dangerous goods (20)4.6Prototype testing (20)4.6.1Introduction (20)4.6.2Test equipment and calibration (20)4.6.3Lifting tests (20)4.6.4Vertical impact test (21)4.6.5Other tests (21)5.PRODUCTION (21)5.1General (21)5.2Primary structure (21)5.2.1Approved Welders (21)5.2.2Welding procedures (22)5.2.3Inspection of welds (22)5.2.4NDE procedures and NDE operators (22)5.3Secondary structure (22)5.4Production testing (22)5.4.1Lifting test (22)5.4.2Weatherproofness testing (23)5.5Production documentation (23)5.6Inspection and certification (23)6.MARKING (23)6.1Safety marking (23)6.2Identification and Certification Markings (24)6.3Information Markings (24)6.4Marking of Lifting Set (24)6.5Other Marking (24)7.PLATING OF CONTAINERS (24)7.1General (24)7.2Data Plate (24)7.3Inspection plate (25)8.LIFTING SETS (25)8.1General requirements (25)8.2Approval and certification of lifting sets (25)8.3Design of lifting sets (25)8.3.1Dimensions and Strength of Lifting Sets (26)8.3.2Lifting set components (27)8.4Materials (27)8.5Certificates for lifting sets and components (28)8.5.1Sling certificates (28)April 20068.5.2Component certificates (28)8.6Marking of lifting sets (28)9.PERIODIC EXAMINATION, TESTS ANDREPAIRS (29)9.1General (29)9.2Inspection, test and repairs on containers (29)9.2.1Schedule of examination and tests (29)9.2.2Visual inspection (29)9.2.3Non-destructive testing (30)9.2.4Repairs and modifications of containers (30)9.2.5Marking of the inspection plate (30)9.3Inspection, test and repairs on lifting sets (30)9.3.1Schedule of examination and tests (30)9.3.2Load testing of chain sling legs (30)9.3.3Non-destructive examination of sling components exceptwire rope legs (30)9.3.4Visual inspection of the lifting set (30)9.3.5Chain and wire rope slings and components (30)9.3.6Shackles (31)9.3.7Marking of the lifting set tag (31)9.4Inspection, test and repairs on tank containers 31 9.5Inspection reports (31)APP. ALIST OF REFERENCES (32)APP. BEXAMPLE OF OFFSHORE CONTAINER (34)APP. CGUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES ON STRENGTH CALCULATIONS (35)APP. DDESIGN OF PADEYE (37)APP. ECALCULATIONS OF LIFTING SETS (38)APP. FEXAMPLE OF DROP TEST (42)APP. GCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER (43)APP. HDNV EMBLEM FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (45)APP. IMSC/CIRC.860 (46)APP. JCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER LIFTING SLINGS – EXAMPLE (51)APP. KCERTIFICATE FOR LIFTING SET COMPONENTS* FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS – EXAMPLE (52)ANNEX 1TYPE APPROVAL OF LIFTING SETS FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS ...................................531.INTRODUCTION.. (53)2.SCOPE (53)3.GENERAL (53)3.1Documentation to be submitted (53)3.1.1Documentation for type approval of lifting slings (53)3.1.2Documentation for type approval of lifting setcomponents (53)3.1.3General documentation from the manufacturer (53)3.2Validity (53)3.3Renewal (53)4.DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (54)5.MATERIALS AND MATERIAL TESTING (54)6.PROTOTYPE TESTING (54)7.MARKING AND TRACEABILITY (54)8.REQUIREMENTS RELATED TOMANUFACTURERS (54)9.TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (54)10.PRODUCTION AND CERTIFICATION (55)10.1Production testing (55)10.2Lifting set certificate (55)10.3Certificates for Lifting Set Components (55)ANNEX 2APPROVAL PROGRAMME FOR TEST FACILITIES ENGAGED IN LOAD TESTING AND NDT INSPECTION OF OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (56)1.GENERAL (56)1.1Scope (56)1.2Objective (56)1.3Extent of engagement (56)1.4Validity (56)2.REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPLIER (56)2.1Submission of documents (56)2.2Quality assurance system (56)2.3Qualification of personnel (56)2.4Supervisor (57)2.5Operators (57)2.6Personnel records (57)2.7Equipment (57)2.8Procedures and instructions (57)2.8.1Lifting tests (57)2.8.2Vertical impact test (57)2.8.3Other tests (58)2.8.4Non-destructive examination (58)2.9Administrative procedures (58)2.10Verification (58)2.11Sub-contractors (58)2.12Reporting (58)2.12.1Contents of reports: (58)2.12.2Prototype or production tests (58)2.12.3Tests on existing containers (58)April 20063.REPAIRS ON CONTAINERS IDENTIFIED ASA RESULT OF LOAD TESTS AND OR NDT. 583.1General (58)4.APPROVAL PROCEDURES (58)4.1Review of documentation (58)4.2Initial audit (58)4.3Special procedures related to control of supplier'srelationship with the parent company (58)4.4Certificate of approval (59)4.5Renewal of approval (59)RMATION ON ALTERATION TO THECERTIFIED SERVICEOPERATION SYSTEM (59)5.1Alteration...............................................................596.CANCELLATION OF THE CERTIFICATE OFAPPROVAL (59)6.1Right to cancel (59)6.2Information (59)6.3Re-approval (59)7.REFERENCES (59)ANNEX 3OFFSHORE CONTAINERS FOR USE IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES ONLY (60)1.INTRODUCTION (60)2.AREA (60)3.DESIGN TEMPERATURE (60)4.MARKING (60)5.DATA PLATE (60)April 20061. General1.1 ScopeThis Standard for Certification applies for transport related re-quirements for offshore containers with respect to design, manufacture, testing, certification, marking and periodic in-spection.The Standard for Certification covers the container structure and any permanent equipment for handling, filling, emptying, refrigerating, heating and safety purposes.The intention is that offshore containers shall meet the follow-ing requirements:—Be safe in use with regard to:—lives—environment—hazard to the vessel/installationBe suitable for repeated use through choice of:—material—protection—ease of repair and maintenance.The requirements in this Standard for Certification are based on a number of assumptions regarding the handling and oper-ation of offshore containers:—They are lifted individually by crane hook attached to top link of lifting set—They are not lifted by spreaders or using ISO container fit-tings—They can be lifted anywhere (world wide) by any crane with sufficient capacity and speed—For containers only approved for limited operation area (Temperate Climate) see Annex 3—They are only stacked if they are designed for this.—They are stacked only onshore or on offshore installations.Not to be stacked during transport on ships.—Cargo or loose installations are properly secured in the container.—The container is designed to give adequate protection to its cargo or to installations inside.—They are handled according to IMO’s “Code of safe prac-tice for supply vessels”.—Handling and operation is in accordance with local regula-tions.The Society may approve alternative solutions that are found to represent an overall safety standard equivalent to the re-quirements in this Standard for Certification. Such approval may be revoked if subsequent information indicates that the chosen alternative is not satisfactory.When the word "container" is used throughout the Standard for Certification, it means an offshore container.Use of the word “shall” implies a mandatory requirement when seeking the Society’s approval. Use of the word “should” im-plies a recommended approach, where comparable solution may also be acceptable.The passages throughout this Standard for Certification marked "Guidance" and “Note” are not to be taken as require-ments by Det Norske Veritas. Such Guidance and Notes are in-tended as practical advice and information for the designer, manufacturer or operator.This Standard for Certification often refers directly to various standards (EN, ISO etc.), or to “other recognised standard”. Recognised standard means a standard found acceptable by the Society.1.2 Relationship with other standards, codes and regulations1.2.1 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMO has issued both the International Convention for Safe Containers, CSC, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods code, IMDG. Both of these are mandatory international regulations. IMO has recognised that the CSC convention is not directly applicable for offshore containers that are handled in open seas, and has issued a circular (MSC/Circ.860) with guidelines on certification of offshore containers. The IMDG code also requires that containers and portable tanks that are handled in open seas should be certified for this purpose. Containers certified to this Standard for Certification also comply with MSC/Circ.860, and this will be referenced in the certificates. The circular is reproduced at Appendix I.IMO has also issued the Code of safe practice for the carriage of cargoes and persons by offshore supply vessels (OSV code) which includes guidelines for handling, stowage and securing of cargoes.1.2.2 ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) Containers that are intended for sea transport on container ships are normally designed according to an applicable part of ISO 1496. Containers that are certified to CSC are in general also designed as ISO containers.Offshore containers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certification can also be designed and certified according to CSC And ISO 1496.1.2.3 European Standard EN 12079(At date of writing: new version only available as prEN 12079) The European Standard EN 12079 “Offshore containers and associated lifting sets” consists of 3 parts, see Table 1-1.Offshore Containers and lifting sets certified to this Standard for Certification also comply fully with prEN12079 parts 1 and 2 respectively, and this may be referenced in the certificates.1.2.4 Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore service containersWhen an offshore container is designed and equipped to be placed onboard a fixed or floating offshore installation to per-form specific services, it may be subject to regulations apply-ing on the installation and to the area where it is placed. Standard for Certification 2.7-2 “Offshore Service Containers”covers containers designed for such requirements.1.2.5 Units for transportation offshoreMany portable units intended for offshore use are not contain-ers as defined in this Standard for Certification. However, there is often a need for verification and certification of such units. DNV has therefore prepared a new Standard for Certifi-cation 2.7-3 for Portable Offshore Units with requirements for design, manufacture, testing etc. for portable units up to 50 000 kg.Offshore Units certified to that Standard for Certification are not intended to carry cargoes as their primary function, but Table 1-1EN 12079part:Title Equivalent sections inStandard forCertification 2.7-1Part 1Offshore containers –design, manufacture andmarkingSec. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7Part 2Lifting sets – Design,manufacture and markingSec. 8Part 3Periodic inspection,examination and testingSec. 9April 2006may carry loose equipment that is related to their intended service.The main difference between Offshore containers and “Units for transportation offshore” is: For such units, their fitness for use must be assessed for each design type, and may have to be considered for each transport event. Operational restrictions may be given in the certificate, or it may be required that the operator evaluate their suitability for each event.1.2.6 Regulations for Lifting AppliancesOffshore containers are not lifting equipment as defined by ILO, by the European Community’s Machinery Directive or by DNV’s Rules for Certification of Lifting Appliances. In-stead they are considered to be cargo units as defined in these codes and directives.However, requirements from these regulations and standards have been taken into account in the requirements in this Stand-ard for Certification, e.g. in the intervals for periodic surveys.1.3 National authoritiesIn cases where National Authorities have stricter requirements than this Standard for Certification, these may be incorporated in the certification procedures.Note:Some National Authorities may consider offshore containers to be lifting equipment.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4 Definitions1.4.1 Offshore containerAn offshore container is a portable unit with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, for repeated use in the transport of goods or equipment, handled in open seas, to, from or be-tween fixed and/or floating installations and ships.An offshore container comprises permanently installed equip-ment, see 1.4.4.Note:Other permanent or loose equipment will not be covered by the certification unless specially agreed. However, supporting struc-ture for heavy equipment, machinery, etc. will be approved ac-cording to 4.4.11.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Offshore containers are also defined by the requirements throughout this Standard for Certification. Refer to definitions of primary and secondary structure below and in 4.1.Units for offshore lifting that are intended for installation and not for repeated transport are not considered to be containers. Likewise, units that do not have an outer framework with padeyes are not considered to be containers. Hence, these units are not covered by Standard for Certification 2.7-1. (See how-ever the definition of waste skip in 1.2.2.) Many such portable units may be eligible for certification according to DNV’s Standard for Certification for Portable Offshore Units1. Offshore containers may be divided into 3 main categories: a)Offshore freight container:Offshore container built for the transport of goods. Exam-ples of offshore freight containers:—general cargo container: a closed container with doors —cargo basket: an open top container for general or spe-cial cargo (e.g. pipes, risers)—tank container: a container for transport of dangerous or non-dangerous fluids—bulk container; container for transport of solids in bulk—special container; container for transport of special cargo (e.g. garbage compactors, equipment boxes,bottle racks).b)Offshore service container:Offshore container built and equipped for a special service task, mainly as temporary installation. (Examples are, lab-oratories, workshop, stores, power plants, control stations, wireline units).c)Offshore waste skipAn open or closed offshore container used for the storage and removal of waste. Normally constructed from flat steel plates forming the load bearing sections of the con-tainer, bracing in the form of steel profiles, e.g. channel or hollow section, being fitted horizontally around sides and ends. Waste skips may be open or have loose or hinged coversIn addition to the pad eyes for the lifting set these contain-ers may also have side mounted lugs suitable for attach-ment of the lifting equipment mounted on a skip lift vehicle.1.4.2 Freight containerRe-usable transport container, used for international traffic and designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport (including marine) without intermediate re-loading. See DNV "Rules for Certification of Freight Contain-ers, 1981". Also known as CSC Containers or ISO Containers.1.4.3 Units for transportation offshorePortable unit or package with a maximum gross mass not ex-ceeding 50 000 kg, for repeated or single use with a primary service function, handled in open seas, to, from or between fixed and/or floating offshore installations and ships. Units of this type are not considered to be offshore containers.1.4.4 Permanent equipmentEquipment that is attached to the container and which is not cargo.Note:May include lifting sets, additional fittings for handling and se-curing, filling, emptying, cooling and heating, intermediate decks, securing points, garbage compactors, etc.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4.5 Primary StructureLoad carrying and supporting frames and load carrying panels. Primary structure includes the following structural compo-nents:—Load carrying and supporting frames—Load carrying panels (floor, ‘tweendecks)—Fork lift pockets—Pad eyes—Supporting structures for tanks—Supports for heavy equipment—Corner/knee brackets.Primary structure is divided into two sub-groups:a)Essential and non-redundant primary structure are themain structural elements which transfer the resulting cargo load to the crane hook or fork lift truck (i.e. forming the load path from the payload to the lifting sling), and will at least include:—top and bottom side rails—top and bottom end rails—corner posts—pad eyesApril 2006—fork lift pockets.Other primary structure may also be considered essential and or non-redundant.b)Non-essential primary structure are e.g. floor plates andother structural elements for which the main function is other than described in a). Deflector plates, stacking fit-tings and end plates on hollow section are considered to be in this category. This sub-group also includes protective frame members.Side and roof panels (including corrugated panels) are not con-sidered to be part of the primary structure and shall not be tak-en into account when evaluating the strength of the container. For waste skips the requirements in 4.1.1 apply.1.4.6 Secondary StructureParts that are not considered as load carrying for the purposes of the design calculations. Secondary structure includes the following components:—Doors, wall and roof panels, covers on skids—Panel stiffeners and corrugations—Structural components used for tank protection only —Internal securing points1.4.7 PrototypeAn equipment item, considered to be representative for the production and the product to be approved, used for prototype testing. The prototype may either be manufactured especially for type testing or selected at random from a production series. If manufactured specially, it is expected that the tools and the production process are comparable to those to be used for sub-sequent production.1.4.8 OwnerThe legal owner of the offshore container or a delegated nom-inee.1.4.9 Lifting setItems of integrated lifting equipment used to connect the off-shore container to the lifting appliance. This can comprise sin-gle or multi leg slings (with or without a top leg) and shackles, whether assembly secured or not.1.4.10 Assembly secured shackleShackle fitted to a sling leg and secured by a seal or similar de-vice, so as to signal, unambiguously, whether or not the shack-le has been exchanged.Note 1:Shackles that are captive in the thimbles are also considered as assembly secured.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:Shackles that are assembly secured, i.e. can not be separated from the lifting sling, are considered to be part of the lifting sling.See 9.3.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.5 List of symbolsR=Rating or maximum gross mass of the offshore con-tainer including permanent equipment and its cargo,in kg; but excluding the lifting setNote:The mass of the lifting set is not included in R because the lifting set is often not available at the time of certification and because it may be replaced during the lifetime of the container.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---T=Tare mass. Mass of the empty container including any permanent equipment but excluding cargo andlifting set, in kg;P=Payload. The maximum permissible mass of cargo which may safely be transported by the container, inkg. (P = R-T)S =The mass of the lifting setF =Design load, in NL =Length of container, in mmR e=Specified minimum yield stress at room tempera-ture, in N/mm2.R m=Specified minimum tensile strength at room tem-perature, in N/mm2.R p 0.2=0.2% proof stress at room temperature, in N/mm2. RSL =Resulting Sling Load on padeyes, in N.T D=The design temperature is a reference temperature used for the selection of steel grades used in off-shore containers and equipment.g =Standard acceleration of gravity (~ 9.81 m/s2).l n=Nominal length of structural member, in mmn =Number of sling legst =Material thickness, in mm.v =Angle of sling leg from vertical in degreesy =Deflection of structural member, in mmσe=The von Mises equivalent stress, in N/mm2.Ψ =Load factorWLL =Working Load Limit, in tonnes. Maximum mass that a lifting component is authorized to sustain inlifting serviceNote 1:The WLL for lifting components that is specified in standards, product specifications, etc. is normally the WLL for general lift-ing service. For the special application of lifting sets fitted to off-shore containers, the WLL is enhanced as described in Section.8.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:The term "Safe Working Load, SWL" is not used in this Standard for Certification. This term is not clearly defined for containers and should, therefore not be used when referring to offshore con-tainers. The term “Working Load Limit, WLL” is only used for lifting sets, not for containers.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---2. Approval and Certification Procedures 2.1 GeneralOffshore containers designed, manufactured, tested and marked in compliance with the following requirements may be certified by Det Norske Veritas. At the end of the verification process a product certificate is issued by the Society and the Society's numbered certification emblem is affixed to the con-tainer.Certification consists of the following steps:—Design review—Inspection and testing of prototype—Production inspection and testing—Issuance of certificatesAn application for approval and certification should be sent to the local DNV office who will forward this to the approval of-。

船舶/高速、轻型船舶和水面舰船入级规范新造船舶材料及焊接第2篇第2章金属材料2003年1月目录页码第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)第二节（略）第三节（略）第四节钢管及附件 (13)第五节锻钢 (22)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)第七节铸钢 (33)目录第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)A通则 (2)B普通强度钢 (2)C高强度钢 (4)D超高强度钢 (7)E具有规定最小厚度的钢板及宽扁铁性能（“Z”向性能） (10)F试验 (11)G修补 (14)第四节钢管及附件 (15)A通则 (15)B常压管系用钢管 (17)C不锈钢压力管.......................................19 第五节锻钢. (22)A一般要求 (22)B船体结构和设备用锻钢件 (26)C轴系和机械用锻钢 (27)D曲轴用锻钢 (30)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)A通则 (31)B试验 (32)C材料标记 (32)第七节锻钢件 (33)A一般要求 (33)B船体结构和设备用铸钢 (36)第一节结构用轧制钢材A 总则A100适用范围101本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度、超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

本要求适用于厚度不超过150mm的钢材产品，对于更厚的钢材，按每种情况经考虑后可接受或要求与本规定有某些不同的规定。

本节包括了IACS UR W11和W16。

对轧制扁坯、方坯或圆钢作为锻件代用品要求见第5节。

102经本船级社特许，在化学成份、脱氧方法、供应状态和机械性能方面与本规范要求有所有同的钢材也可接受。

这类钢材给予特殊符号，见200。

A200钢材等级符号201本节钢材等级按强度等级划分为三组：---普通强度钢（NS）---高强度钢（HS）---超高强度钢（EHS）202钢材等级的字母数字标记为NVxy，其中：NV=按本社规范规定的钢材等级符号。

x=大写字母表示的相应于规定的冲击韧性试验温度，见表A1。

工厂认可——铸钢件目录1.概述1.1范围1.2认可范围1.3有效期和复检1.4认可的扩展或更改2.认可程序2.1申请2.2产品检验和认可试验2.3认可申请报告的程序2.4认可试验的评价2.5工厂认可的发证3.认可文件3.1一般制造信息3.2产品信息3.3制造商自己认可形式3.4制造过程及仪器4.认可试验4.1一般要求4.2试验材料4.3化学成分4.4拉伸试验4.5冲击试验4.6无损检测4.7金相试验4.8双合金钢防腐试验5.6.参考1.概述1.1范围此规范规定铸钢件的工厂认证程序，符合下列标准：——挪威船级社规范——高速、轻工业、军舰表面工业挪威规范——挪威海面法规1.2认可范围认可的钢种如下：——碳和碳锰钢——合金钢——铁素体不锈钢——马氏体不锈钢——22Cr双不锈钢——25Cr双不锈钢认可给定产品最大质量及按附加要求所做的其他项目以下情况需有附加条件：——螺旋桨铸件——低温用铁素体钢铸造过程及辅助程序不包含在此项目之内，但需按No.311程序认可1.3有效期和复检认证有效期为4年。

对于认可中包含的认可状态，制造商应每四年进行检验。

换证更新的申请至少应在证书到期之前的三个月进行申请。

在认可期内任何对于认可状态的更改，如3里所描述的应报告给船级社，当船级社认为需要时，进行重检和试验。

对于制造商的新的要求取决于此规范是否修订，例如：假设在有效期内的修订，应在下次沿用、更改或换证时施行，除非有其他规定。

1.4 认可的沿用或更改已经存在的制造商认可可以沿用，认可范围见于1.2中。

1.4.1认可文件对于沿用或更改认可条件，认可文件在第3节中规定、已经在初次认证过程中提交的不需要再重新提交。

但是相关制造过程改变的文件需提交。

1.4.2认可试验——对已存在的认证延伸到新钢种范围，第4节所涉及的试验全部进行。

——对于最大重量的扩大不需要进行附加试验，但是如果改变制造仪器，那么需进行新的检验和新的认可试验。

——对于螺旋桨铸件和焊修复铸件的沿用，相关符合文件和实验要求见于此规范中（，相关符合规则要求需要全部符合。

船舶/高速、轻型船舶和水面舰船入级规范新造船舶材料及焊接第2篇第2章金属材料2003年1月目录页码第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)第二节（略）第三节（略）第四节钢管及附件 (13)第五节锻钢 (22)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)第七节铸钢 (33)目录第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)A通则 (2)B普通强度钢 (2)C高强度钢 (4)D超高强度钢 (7)E具有规定最小厚度的钢板及宽扁铁性能（“Z”向性能）………………………………………...10 F试验 (11)G修补................................................14 第四节钢管及附件. (15)A通则 (15)B常压管系用钢管 (17)C不锈钢压力管 (19)第五节锻钢 (22)A一般要求 (22)B船体结构和设备用锻钢件........................2 6 C轴系和机械用锻钢 (27)D曲轴用锻钢 (30)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)A通则 (3)1B试验 (3)2 C材料标记 (32)第七节锻钢件 (33)A一般要求 (33)B船体结构和设备用铸钢 (36)第一节结构用轧制钢材A总则A100适用范围101本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度、超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

本要求适用于厚度不超过150mm的钢材产品，对于更厚的钢材，按每种情况经考虑后可接受或要求与本规定有某些不同的规定。

本节包括了IACSURW11和W16。

对轧制扁坯、方坯或圆钢作为锻件代用品要求见第5节。

102经本船级社特许，在化学成份、脱氧方法、供应状态和机械性能方面与本规范要求有所有同的钢材也可接受。

这类钢材给予特殊符号，见200。

A200钢材等级符号201本节钢材等级按强度等级划分为三组：---普通强度钢（NS）---高强度钢（HS）---超高强度钢（EHS）202钢材等级的字母数字标记为NVxy，其中：NV=按本社规范规定的钢材等级符号。

dnvgl-st-0376标准1. 引言2. 简介3. 标准内容4. 适用范围5. 标准意义6. 应用案例7. 结语1. 引言dnvgl-st-0376标准是一项关于某一特定领域的国际标准，它为行业提供了通用的指导原则和最佳实践，帮助企业提高业务运营水平，降低风险，提升竞争力。

2. 简介dnvgl-st-0376标准是由挪威船级社（DNV GL）制定的一项技术规范标准。

该标准主要针对某一特定领域（比如船舶、海洋工程、能源等）的设计、制造、运营和维护提供了全面的指导原则和要求。

3. 标准内容dnvgl-st-0376标准主要包括以下几个方面的内容：- 设计要求：包括设计计算、结构强度、系统集成等方面的要求；- 制造要求：包括材料选用、工艺流程、质量控制等方面的要求；- 运营要求：包括安全管理、性能监测、设备维护等方面的要求；- 管理体系要求：包括质量管理、环境管理、健康与安全管理等方面的要求。

4. 适用范围dnvgl-st-0376标准适用于以下领域的设计、制造、运营和管理活动：- 船舶与海洋工程：包括船舶建造、海洋评台、海洋装备等；- 能源领域：包括风能、太阳能、海洋能等新能源装备；- 其他领域：包括化工装备、石油设施、原子能设备等。

5. 标准意义dnvgl-st-0376标准的发布，对行业具有重要的意义：- 促进国际贸易：作为国际通行的标准，有助于各国企业开展贸易合作，提高产品质量，降低贸易摩擦；- 保障公共安全：标准的制定和落实有助于减少事故和灾害的发生，保障公共利益和生命财产安全；- 提升企业形象：遵守标准对企业的整体形象有积极的影响，有助于赢得客户信任和行业声誉。

6. 应用案例目前，dnvgl-st-0376标准已经在一些知名企业中得到了广泛的应用，取得了显著的效果。

比如某航运公司在船舶设计和运营中严格遵守该标准，有效提高了船舶的安全性和经济性，降低了维护成本，赢得了客户的信赖和好评。

7. 结语总的来看，dnvgl-st-0376标准的发布对行业具有重要的意义，它为企业提供了一套行之有效的指导原则和最佳实践，有助于提高业务运营水平，降低风险，提升竞争力。

船舶入级规范新造船舶材料与焊接第二篇第二章金属材料2001年1月目录第一节结构用轧制钢材第二节锅炉、压力容器以及特殊用途轧制钢材第三节复合钢板第四节钢管及附件第五节锻钢件第六节锚链用圆钢第七节铸钢件第八节铸铁件第九节铝合金第十节铜合金第十一节耐热有色合金目录第1节结构用轧制钢材A．通则A 100适用范围A 200钢材等级符号A 300制造方法B．普通强度钢B 100适用范围B 200化学成分B 300热处理、供应状态B 400机械性能C．高强度钢C 100适用范围C 200化学成分C 300热处理、供应状态C 400机械性能D．超高强度钢D 100适用范围D 200化学成分D 300热处理、供应状态D 400机械性能E．试验E 100试验材料E 200拉力试验E 300冲击试验E 400厚度方向性能试验E 500检验-容差F．修补F 100表面缺陷第2节锅炉、压力容器以及特殊用途轧制钢材A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造方法B．锅炉和受压容器用钢B 100钢材等级B 200化学成分B 300机械性能B 400热处理C．低温用钢C 100钢材等级C 200化学成分C 300机械性能C 400热处理D．不锈钢D 100钢材等级D 200化学成分D 300机械性能D 400热处理D 500晶间腐蚀倾向试验E．试验E 100一般要求E 200常温下的拉力试验E 300高温下的拉力试验E 400冲击试验E 500落锤试验E 600厚度方向性能试验E 700晶间腐蚀倾向试验F．检验、尺寸容差和表面状态F 100检验F 200容差F 300表面状态和缺陷修整第3节复合钢板A．通则A 100适用范围A 200热处理B．基体材料B 100一般规定C．包覆金属C 100一般规定C 200化学成分D．试验D 100一般规定D 200拉力试验D 300冲击试验D 400弯曲试验D 500剪切试验D 600超声波试验D 700腐蚀试验D 800检验-容差E．修补和拒收E 100表面缺陷E 200拒收F．材料的标记F 100标记第4节钢管A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造A 300质量A 400尺寸的容差A 500化学成分A 600热处理A 700机械性能A 800试验材料A 900外观检查和无损探伤A 1000液压试验A 1100重复试验A 1200标记A 1300证书B．常压管系用钢管B 100适用范围B 200制造B 300化学成分B 400热处理B500机械性能C．不锈钢压力管C 100适用范围C200制造C 300化学成分C 400热处理C 500机械性能C 600腐蚀试验D．低温用钢管D 100适用范围D200制造D 300化学成分D 400热处理D 500机械性能E．锅炉、热交换器和过热器用钢管E 100适用范围E 200制造E 300化学成分E 400热处理E 500机械性能F．附件F 100适用范围F 200材料F 300制造F 400热处理F 500机械性能F 600 硬度试验F 700 腐蚀试验F 800 表面光洁度和尺寸F 900印记和证书第5节锻钢件A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造A 300质量A 400化学成分A 500热处理A 600 试块A 700常温下的机械试验A 800高温下的拉力试验A 900重复试验A 1000外观检查和无损探伤A 1100 缺陷锻件的修整A 1200证书B、一般用途锻钢件B 100适用范围B 200钢材类型B 300化学成分B 400热处理B500试块和机械性能C、轴系和机械锻钢件C 100适用范围C 200钢材类型C 300化学成分C 400热处理C 500试块C 600机械性能D、齿轮锻钢件D 100适用范围D 200制造D 300化学成分D 400热处理D 500正火加回火和淬火加回火锻件的试验材料D 600用于渗碳和硬化处理锻件的试验材料D 700机械性能E、锅炉、非点火的压力容器和机械管系锻钢件E 100适用范围E 200化学成分E 300热处理E 400 试验材料E 500机械性能F、裸露于低温的液货舱、压力容器和管系用锻钢件F 100适用范围F 200钢材类型F 300化学成分F 400热处理F 500试验材料F 600机械性能第6节锚链用圆钢A 100适用范围A 200钢的等级A 300化学成分A 400机械性能A 500 热处理B、试验B 100试验数量B 200冲击试验C、材料标记C 100印记第7节铸钢件A 100适用范围A 200铸造A 300铸件质量A 400化学成分B 100钢的类型B 200化学成分B 300机械性能C、锅炉、非点火的压力容器和机械管系铸钢件C 100钢的类型C 200化学成分C 300机械性能D、螺旋桨铸钢件D 100钢的类型D 200机械性能E、锚链环、附件、锚卸扣用的铸钢件E 100锚链环E 200锚链附件和锚卸扣F、有高韧性要求的结构构件用的铸钢件F 100钢的类型F 200化学成分F 300机械性能G、液化气系统用的铸钢件G 100钢的类型G 200化学成分G 300机械性能H、热处理H 100一般要求H 200碳钢和碳锰钢的热处理H 300低合金钢的热处理H 400不锈钢的热处理I、试验I 100试样I 200高温下的机械试验I 300高温下的拉力试验I 400液压试验I 500外观检查和无损探伤J、有缺陷铸件的修整J 100补焊K、结构构件的焊接K 100一般要求第8节铸铁件A 100适用范围A 200 铸件质量A 300制造A 400化学成分A 500热处理A 600试验A 700外观检查和无损探伤A 800缺陷修补B、球墨铸铁B 100 适用范围B 200试验材料B 300机械性能B 400金相检验C、灰铸铁C 100 适用范围C 200试验材料C 300机械性能第9节熟铝合金A、通则A 100适用范围A 200铝材等级A 300化学成分A 400回火符号A 500机械性能B、试验B 100试样B 200拉力试验B 300其他试验B 400检验、容差C、缺陷修补C 100一般要求D、材料标记D 100标记第10节铜合金A、通则A 100适用范围B、阀件、附件和一般用途的铸件B 100铜合金类型B 200化学成分B 300机械性能B 400试验C、螺旋桨铸件C 100化学成分C 200机械性能C 300热处理C 400试验和检验C 500缺陷修补D、管材D 100化学成分D 200机械性能D 300热处理D 400试验第11节耐热有色合金A、通则A 100适用范围A 200认可A 300热处理B、试验B 100试样B 200拉力试验B 300冲击试验B 400蠕变和断裂试验B 500无损探伤试验B 600其他试验第一节结构用轧制钢材A．通则A 100 适用范围101 本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度和超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

第4篇第7章船舶/高速轻型船和水面舰船入级规范新造船舶机械与系统主船级第4篇第7章锅炉，压力容器，热油装置和焚烧炉2003年1月目录页码第一节一般规定 (1)第二节材料 (4)第三节布置 (6)第四节一般设计要求（略） (9)第五节锅炉的特殊设计要求（略） (9)第六节组件和附件 (9)第七节仪表和自动控制 (13)第八节制造，工艺和检验 (16)附录A：锅炉和压力容器上检查孔的型式和最小尺寸 (24)第一节一般要求A 入级A100适用范围101．规范中此章节实用于：——锅炉，包括组件——压力容器，包括用来实现本规范第1部分第1章第2节中所列主要功能所必须的附件——其它盛装下列介质的压力容器：——有毒液体——沸点低于100°C的液体——温度低于220°C的液体——压力小于40bar的液体——pV≥1.5的压缩空气p=设计压力，单位barV=容积，单位m3——热油装置——永久性装设的焚烧炉102．101中锅炉和压力容器要有船级社证书A200 参照201液化气压力容器要满足船泊分类规范中第5部分，第5章第5节的要求船舶入级规范中第5部分，第5章第1节定义的cargo process压力容器应为I类压力容器。

但是，材料的选择，焊接程序条件和产品焊接试验要满足船泊入级规范中第5部分，第5章第2节和第5节的要求。

船泊入级规范中第5部分，第5章第1节定义的非cargo process压力容器要满足第7章的要求。

202 冷藏装置的压力容器除了满足本章的要求外，还要满足船泊入级规范中第5部分，第10章的要求。

B．定义B100 术语101锅炉定义为一种通过燃料（固态、液态或气态）或者燃气加热装置产生温度超过120°C的热水或者蒸汽的焊接容器或者一种管道装置。

过热器、经济器,再热器和其它压力部分包括阀件和附件，直接联接到锅炉上其间没有任何间隔的阀件，被视为锅炉的一部分。

102热油装置定义为一种热油通过加热和循环用来加热货油或燃油，或者附助产生蒸汽和热水的一种装置。