Passage 01－Passage 36为航海英语光盘题库无限航区大副所附的36篇阅读理解Passage 01－Passage 50为航海英语大副考证精选习题大连2501题所附的50篇阅读理解Passage 51－Passage 59为航海英语大副考证历届真题所附题库范围外的9篇阅读理解
Passage 01－Passage 36为航海英语光盘题库无限航区大副所附的36篇阅读理解Passage 01
The objective of lashing the coils is to form one large，immovable block of units in the hold by lashing them together．
In general，strip coils in three end rows in the top tier should be lashed．To prevent fore-and-aft shifting in the top tier of bare-wound coils group-lashing should not be applied due to their fragile nature；the end row of a top tier should be secured by dunnage and wires，which are to be tightened from side to side，and by additional wires to the bulkhead．When coils are fully loaded over the entire bottom space and are well shored，no lashings are required except for locking coils．
The lashings can be of a conventional type using wire steel band or any equivalent means．Conventional lashings should consist of wires having sufficient tensile strength．The first tier should be chocked．It should be possible to re-tighten the lashings during the voyage．Wire lashings should be protected against damage from sharp edges．If there are few coils，or a single coil only，they should be adequately secured to the ship，by placing them in cradles，by wedging，or by shoring and then lashing to prevent transverse and longitudinal movement．
The locking coil is ________．
A．a coil secured by shorings
B．a coil placed in cradle
C．a coil used to secure other coils
D．a coil secured by wedgings
C
The general objective of lashing coils is to prevent them from ________．A．transverse and longitudinal movement
B．rolling in the hold
C．vertical movement
D．fore-and-aft shifting
A
When coils are fully loaded over tanktop and are well shored，________．
A．three end rows in the top tier should be lashed
B．no lashings are required except for locking coils
C．they should be secured to the ship by wedging
D．they should be placed in cradles
B
If there is a single coil，its securing should be done by ________．
A．placing it in cradle and then lashing it
B．shoring it and then placing it in cradle
C．placing it in cradle，wedging it，shoring it and lashing it
D．lashing the three end rows
A
Passage 02
As for sub-contracting and indemnity，the Repairer shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the Works and any and all acts or things that are in the opinion of the Repairer necessary or desirable to carry out and complete the Works．The Customer undertakes that no claim or allegation shall be made against any person by whomsoever the Works is performed or undertaken（including all sub-contractors of the Repairer），other than the Repairer，which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person any liability whatsoever in connection with the Works，whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such person and，if any such claim or allegation should nevertheless be made，to indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof．
If a claim is made by the Customer against a sub-contractor，________．
A．the sub-contractor shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof B．the Customer shall indemnify the sub-contractor against all consequences thereof C．the sub-contractor shall indemnify the Customer against all consequences thereof D．the Customer shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof
D
According to this passage，________ is true．
A．the Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the Repairer B．the Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the Customer C．the Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractor D．the Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractor
C
The Repairer is entitled to sub-contract to ________ on any terms all things that are in his opinion necessary to complete the Works．
A．any person
B．the Customer
C．a claimer
D．an alleger
A
This passage is likely extracted from ________．
A．a B/L
B．Gencon
C．Baltime
D．a Ship Repair Contract
D
Passage 03
Whilst proper care must be taken with the stowage of all iron and steel，cargoes of pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are particularly difficult to secure effectively．In the upper tween decks of many two and three deck ships the absence of hatch coamings more than a few inches high adds to the difficulty of securing pig iron and billets carried abreast the hatchways and there appears to be a greater risk of cargo shifting in these spaces than in the lower holds．The most effective way to secure these cargoes is to level them and over stow them with other suitable cargo．The over stow should have sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movement of pig iron，steel billets，bars，etc．Large quantities of uncovered pig iron or billets should not be carried in the upper-tween decks with the intention of obtaining an unduly low metacentric height since this does not eliminate the risk of cargo shifting and may endanger the ship if it does shift．
Where the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are stowed in ________ of a ship，their risk of shifting is the greatest．
A．the upper tween deck
B．the lower tween deck
C．the lower hold
D．in any tween deck without hatch coamings
A
The most effective way to stow such cargoes as pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes is to _______．
A．place them in the upper tween deck
B．over stow them with sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movement
C．lower the metacenter of the ship
D．obtain an unduly low metacentric height
B
It will endanger the ship if the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes ________．A．have no risk of shifting
B．are over stowed with other cargoes of sufficient rigidity or weight
C．are stowed in lower hold
D．shift
D
This passage is likely extracted from ________．
A．a B/L
B．Gencon
C．Baltime
D．a Ship Repair Contract
D
Passage 04
With one possible exception，activity in the Dover Strait during the closing hours of 5 May 1998 was normal．It was a dark clear night，the wind was west-south-west force 5 to 6 and traffic was moving easily both ways in the traffic separation scheme．As so often happens a“rogue”ship was heading north-east on the northern edge of the south-west bound lane．It was not identified．
The only additional，but by no means unusual，activity that night was a cross channel survey by the 1，774gt survey vessel STM Atria．She was traversing the channel between a position off St Margaret's Bay and the Belgian coast．She was showing the lights of a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre，red white and red all round lights，and also displaying an orange flashing light．Regular traffic information about her activities was broadcast by the CNIS every hour．She was making GOOD between 4 and 5 knots．The traffic separation scheme ________ in the Dover Strait．
A．was not established
B．will be established
C．was in operation
D．was removed
C
STM Atria was ________．
A．a“rogue”ship
B．a survey vessel
C．CNIS
D．Dover Strait
B
The speed of the survey vessel is between ________ knots．
A．4 and 5
B．5 and 6
C．6 and 7
D．7 and 8
A
The ship heading north-east ________．
A．was in the wrong lane of the traffic separation scheme
B．was carrying out survey operations
C．did not carry any cargo on board
D．was a pirate boat
A
Passage 05
The bulk carrier，long recognized as the workhorse of the world merchant fleet，has over the years had its design refined and optimized on the basis of previous successful experience．This provided what many considered to be a relatively uncomplicated and safe structural configuration．
Recently，and regrettably with loss of human lives，a series of tragic ship losses has focused the attention of the marine industry and the public on the performance and inherent safety of this ship type．
Extensive research and development，principally by the major classification societies，has highlighted the possible causes of the bulk carrier losses and brought about necessary changes to the design and scantlings for new ships．For existing ships，improvements to safety are anticipated through
the reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkhead，and the double bottom structure in way，of the foremost cargo hold，the introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating procedures，particularly during cargo loading and discharge，in order to avoid over stressing of the structure or mechanical damage．
In this paragraph，the term“workhorse”means ________．
A．the ship that performs dependably in marine industries
B．a horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or riding
C．a person who works tirelessly，especially at difficult or time-consuming tasks D．something that performs dependably under heavy or prolonged use
A
The refined and optimized design of bulk carriers，considered by many people，________．
A．is relatively uncomplicated and safe in their structural configuration
B．is relatively complicated compared with previous structural configuration
C．is relatively not safe on the basis of previous successful experience
D．will join world fleet recently
A
The ________ is not included in the anticipated improvements to safety for existing bulkships．
A．introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating procedures
B．introduction of necessary changes to the design and scantlings
C．reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkhead
D．reinforcement of the double bottom structure in way
B
It is implied that a series of tragic bulkship losses ________．
A．will not be avoided even new design of their structure are introduced
B．were contributed by the improvements to safety for existing ships
C．has little effect on the marine industry and the public
D．were caused by their inherent structures
D
Passage 06
The ship loaded with general cargo had parcels of steel pipes of 13 inch diameter stowed 6 tiers high in the aft end of the tween decks．Two lengths of 2.25 inch steel wire were laid athwartships across the top of the third tier of pipes，taken back over the top of the sixth tier on completion of stowage and tightened by bottle screws secured to the ship's framing．In very heavy weather the steel pipes broke adrift and extensive damage resulted to framing，bulkheads，air and sounding pipes，etc．The wire lashings and bottle screws were completely destroyed．
The diameter of the steel pipes is ________ inches．
A．not mentioned
B．13
C．6
D．2.25
The steel pipes were stowed in ________ ties．
A．2
B．3
C．5
D．6
D
The steel pipes did not cause damage to ________．
A．framing
B．bulkheads
C．air and sounding pipes
D．the aft end of the tween decks
D
The steel pipes were lashed with ________ wires．
A．2
B．3
C．4
D．5
A
Passage 07
Dangerous cargoes of Class 3 are liquids，or mixtures of liquids，or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension（e．g．paints，varnishes，lacquers，etc．，but not including substances which，on account of their other dangerous characteristics，have been included in other classes）which give off a flammable vapour at or below 61℃（141℉）closed cup test（corresponding to 65．6℃（150℉）open cup test），normally referred to as the flashpoint．
Class 3also includes substances transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures in a liquid state which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures equal to or below the maximum transport temperature．
However，the provisions of this Code need not apply to such liquids with a flashpoint of more than 35℃（95℉）which do not sustain combustion．Liquids offered for transport at temperatures equal to or above their flashpoint are，in any case，considered as flammable liquids．
For the purpose of above subsection，liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if：*they have passed the suitable combustibility test（see United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous GOODs）；or
*their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100℃；or
*they are miscible solutions with a water content of more than 90%，by mass．
According to this paragraph，flash point obtained from closed cup test is ________ then that obtained from open cup test．
A．9℃ lower
B．9℉ higher
C．4.6℃ lower
D．4.6℉ higher
C
Liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if ________．
A．they have not passed the suitable combustibility test
B．their fire point according to ISO 2592 is not greater than 100℃
C．they are miscible solutions with a water content of not more than 90%，by mass D．their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100℃
D
Miscible solutions offered for transport at ambient temperature with a flashpoint of more than 35℃（95℉）and with a water content of more than 90，by mass，________．A．is not included in Class 3
B．is not mentioned in this paragraph
C．is included in Class 3
D．will be considered to be included in other class of dangerous cargoes
A
The proper topic of this paragraph is ________．
A．Non Dangerous Liquids
B．Most Liquids are not Included in Class 3
C．Definition of Dangerous Cargoes of Class 3
D．Liquids and Their Physical Properties
C
Passage 08
Modern bulk carriers are normally designed to carry a variety of cargoes in order to provide operational flexibility．For cargoes such as coal or grain the ship would have all holds filled with the cargo（homogeneous loading condition）and be down to maximum draught．If heavy cargoes，with a stowage rate of about one third of that for coal were to be carried in the homogeneous condition each hold would only be about one third full．In
that condition the ship would have a large metacentric height and a low centre of gravity resulting in a very“stiff”ship．Modern bulk carriers，intended for the carriage of ore，are designed for the carriage of ore cargoes in alternate holds and in larger ships only the odd numbered holds are loaded with ore．The advantages in this are that it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the ship and a reduced time spent in port．However，the disadvantages are that the alternate hold loading pattern greatly increases the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shell．The double bottom，hopper and topside tanks are arranged for the carriage of water ballast with the double bottom and hopper tanks often being inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanks．
The homogeneous loading condition refers to loading pattern that ________．
A．all cargo holds are fully loaded to the maximum of both volume and weight capacities B．each hold would only be about one third full
C．only the odd numbered holds are loaded
D．all cargo holds are loaded with cargoes
D
“Stiff”ship is the condition that ________．
A．she has a large metacentric height
B．she has a high centre of gravity
C．her metacenter above baseline is high
D．her centre of gravity is low
A
The ________ are not arranged for the carriage of ballast water．
A．double bottom tanks
B．topside tanks
C．hopper tanks
D．vertical trunks or pipes
D
The disadvantage of the alternate hold loading pattern is that ________．
A．it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the ship
B．it increases the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shell
C．it is easier to achieve a reduced time spent in port
D．the double bottom and hopper tanks are often inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanks
B
Passage 09
Bottom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sq．m．，including rudder，post，stern frame，to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area about 300 sq．，to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of bottom primer on the bare metal surface．Then whole area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one coat tropical anti-fouling paint．
Boot-topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sq．m．to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area to be blasted and patched with two coats of primer．Then whole area to be applied one coat of boot topping green paint．
Topside about 1200 sq．m．to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of primer and one coat of light gray paint．Then whole area to be applied with one coat of light gray paint．
All draft figures，plimsoll marks，ship's name and port of registry to be repainted twice in original color．
________ to be repainted twice in original color．
A．Bottom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sq．m．，including rudder，post，stern frame
B．The whole ar e a
C．Boot-topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sq．m．
D．All draft figures，plimsoll marks，ship's name and port of registry
D
Where is boot-topping ___________．
A．The area of the hull between full and light load lines
B．The area of the hull above the water line in full load condition
C．The area from keel to light load line
D．The area from keel to full load line
A
________ area to be applied with one coat of light gray paint．
A．Bottom
B．The whole
C．Boot-topping
D．Topside
D
________ area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one coat tropical anti-fouling paint．
A．Bottom
B．The whole
C．Boot-topping
D．Topside
A
Passage 10
The hull structure within the cargo area of a bulk carrier can be considered as comprising two barriers；namely，the primary and secondary barrier．The primary barrier is formed by the single skin side shell between topside and hopper tanks，and the cross deck strips，hatch covers and coamings．A failure of the primary barrier would allow water to enter the hold space．The secondary barrier is formed by the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads and the inner bottom．A failure of the secondary barrier will permit flood water in the hold to enter the neighbouring hold space．
Cracking at hatch corners will directly permit water to enter ________．
A．topside tanks
B．the cross deck strips
C．hopper tanks
D．the primary barrier
D
Grab and bulldozer damage to the inner bottom will allow water to enter ________．A．the secondary barrier
B．transverse watertight bulkheads
C．the primary barrier
D．the topside and hopper tanks，
A
Hatch covers are ________．
A．primary barrier
B．secondary barrier
C．either primary barrier or secondary barrier
D．neither primary barrier nor secondary barrier
A
In accordance with the passage，the bridge deck should be considered as ________．A．primary barrier
B．secondary barrier
C．either primary barrier or secondary barrier
D．neither primary barrier nor secondary barrier
D
Passage 11
The damage scenarios applicable to single side skin bulk carriers assume initial damage to the primary barrier，formed by the shell and hatch covers，followed by the failure of the secondary barrier formed by the double bottom and the transverse bulkheads．Primary barrier failure could occur in one of two ways．The side shell could be damaged or the hatch covers could fail under the pressure from green seas on deck or be swept away，thereby allowing water to enter the hold．The most likely cause of initial side shell failure，other than collision，results from the progressive reduction of support from corroded and fractured side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks．Corrosion of end bracket toes creates a stress concentration with the location being subjected to fatigue loading from the passage of waves along the side shell．This can lead to the growth of fatigue cracks until the end brackets are completely detached from the side shell．Similarly，weld grooving of side frames and brackets can lead to detachment．In each case，loss of secondary support will lead to loss of the side shell and water will enter the hold．
According to this passage，________ will be suffered from damage first．
A．primary barrier
B．secondary barrier
C．double bottom
D．transverse bulkheads
A
Corrosion of ________ is not likely lead to detachment of the corresponding structural member．
A．weld grooving of side frames and brackets
B．end bracket toes
C．side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks
D．the shell and hatch covers
D
Fatigue loading to end bracket toes is created by ________．
A．the passage of waves along the side shell
B．the side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks C．the detachment
D．the secondary support
A
In general，loss of secondary support will ________．
A．create a stress concentration with the location
B．assume initial damage to the primary barrier
C．lead to loss of the side shell and water will enter the hold
D．lead to the growth of fatigue cracks
C
Passage 12
One，or a combination of，the following two failure scenarios could occur．
Firstly，the double bottom structure of girders and floors could sustain sufficient damage under the negative buoyancy condition where the double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading only．If the transverse floor and longitudinal girder web plating structures，have deteriorated due to corrosion or mechanical damage，then shear failure can result and the double bottom may collapse．The loss of the hull girder flange，formed by the double bottom，would invariably lead to the loss of the ship．
Secondly，where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are subject to the cargo loading increased by a static head of water equal to the flooded draught and a dynamic effect due to the fluid motion in the hold．If the watertight bulkhead has corroded then plastic collapse，or shear failure of the corrugated bulkhead connection to the lower shelf place，can occur followed by bulkhead failure．With two holds flooded，the ship would in all likelihood sink．
It is implied in the passage that ________ will inevitably lead to the sinking of the ship．A．the double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading only
B．water enters a loaded hold
C．bulkhead fails when there is no water in the hold
D．the loss of the hull girder flange or more than one hold are flooded
D
Negative buoyancy condition refers to the condition of ________．
A．hogging
B．sagging
C．rolling
D．pitching
B
The reason why the ship would sink with two holds flooded is that she will loss her
________．
A．stability
B．strength
C．buoyancy
D．gravity
A
Where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are not subject to ________．
A．the cargo loading
B．static head of water
C．dynamic effect due to the fluid motion in the hold
D．support from other deck covers
D
Passage 13
It is hereby expressly agreed that every exemption from liability and every right，defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder shall also be available and shall extend to protect every Repairer or agent of the Repairer（including every independent contractor from time to time employed by the Repairer）while acting in the course of or in connection with his employment or engagement．The Repairer is or shall be deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of all persons who are or might be employees or agents from time to time（including any independent contractors or subcontractors as aforesaid）and all such persons shall to this extent be or be deemed to be parties to the contract entered into by the Repairer．
This paragraph is most likely to appear in ________．
A．Ship Slipping and Repairing Contract
B．Time Charter
C．V oyage Charter
D．Demise Charter
A
The exemption from liability and every right，defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder will not extend to protect ________．
A．Agent of the Repairer
B．Independent Contractor employed by the Repairer
C．Subcontractor appointed by the Repairer
D．Shipowner
D
The Repairer is not or shall be not deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of ________．
A．all persons as to be deemed to be parties to the contract．
B．subcontractors appointed by the Repairer
C．independent contractors employed by Repairer
D．persons who are or might be employees or agents of the Repairer
A
It can be concluded that this clause is formulated to protect the interests of ________．A．Repairer's
B．independent contractor's
C．ship owner's
D．cargo owner's
A
Passage 14
Many carriers today make use of relay ports at which GOODs destined for more remote locations are transshipped onto substituted ships or“feeder vessels”，in order to secure faster and more efficient delivery than would be possible if the cargoes concerned were carried all the way to destination aboard the liner vessels on which they were first loaded．The transshipment of cargo at such intermediate ports has been judged not to constitute an unreasonable deviation where it is shown to be a custom of the trade．Nor，of course，is it an unreasonable deviation where the shipper acquiesced in it，had notice of it or could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrier，or where the carrier has made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements，publications or other means．
A Relay Port means a/an_______．
A．port of destination
B．port of sailing
C．intermediate port
D．port of refuge
C
Cargo will be possibly delivered slower to its destination by _______．
A．a feeder
B．a substituted ship
C．the liner on which it was first loaded
D．the liner on which it would be loaded should a feeder or substituted ship not be available
C
Under which of the following conditions is it not sufficient to judge that transshipment at the relay port does not constitute an unreasonable deviation ___________．
A．the transshipment is shown to be a custom of the trade
B．the shipper had notice of the transshipment
C．the shipper could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrier D．the carrier has not made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements or publications
D
The purpose of making use of a relay port by the carrier is to achieve the end of _______．
A．faster and more efficient delivery
B．avoiding unreasonable deviation
C．making known its ordinary transportation by its advertisements，publications or other means
D．preventing the adverse influence to the carriage by a custom of the trade
A
Passage 15
Individuals involved directly and indirectly in the handling of dangerous GOODs shall receive training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements．Such training shall include a description of the classes of dangerous GOODs；labelling，marking，placarding and packaging，segregation and compatibility requirements；a description of the purpose and content of the dangerous GOODs transport document；and a description of available emergency response documents．
These persons shall have to receive detailed training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirements which are applicable to the function the persons performs．
And of course they shall also receive the complete safety training．Commensurate with the risk of exposure in the event of a release and the functions performed，each person shall receive training on：Methods and procedures for accident avoidance，such as proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs；Available emergency response information and how to use it；General dangers presented by the various classes of dangerous GOODs and how to
prevent exposure to those hazards，including if appropriate the use of personal protective clothing and equipment；and Immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs，including any emergency response procedures for which the person is responsible and personal protection procedures to be followed．
Unintentional Release of dangerous GOODs means primarily _______ of the GOODs．A．accidental release
B．proper release
C．slow release
D．emergency release
A
“Proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs”is an item covered by _______．
A．the training of familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements
B．function-specific training
C．the training of proper shipping business
D．the safety training
D
The immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs are covered by _______．
A．the safety training
B．the training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirements
C．the training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements
D．the protection procedures
A
The best title of this passage should be _______．
A．Emergency Response Procedures for the Carriage of Dangerous GOODs by Sea B．Release of Dangerous GOODs and Exposure in the Accidents
C．Proper use of Dangerous GOODs
D．Training of Persons Involved in Handling of Dangerous GOODs
D
Passage 16
One of the major problems is that flooding of a hold space may occur without the knowledge of the crew，particularly in heavy weather conditions where visibility may be minimal and any changes in the response of the ship may be masked by the storm．The influence of flooding No.1 hold on a bulk carrier carrying ore，from a naval architecture point of view，is of course to create a significant trim by the hea D．It is considered that on a well maintained ship this should be a survivable situation．In the event that flooding progress to the adjacent No.2hold then the consequent trim can immerse the deck forward and the survivability of the ship under storm condition becomes doubtful．Another is also important and if this is a consequence of transverse watertight bulkhead failure then the shock loadings，both in terms of over and under pressures could create a chain reaction involving hatch covers being displaced，bulkheads collapsing，etc．，within a few seconds resulting in an almost instantaneous loss of hull buoyancy and the ship sinking．Knowing when the holds are taking in water is，therefore，considered very important．
The following _______ is not the reason that flooding of a hold space may occur without the knowledge of the crew．
A．that the visibility may be too poor at the moment
B．that changes in the response of the ship may be masked by the storm
C．that the conditions of the weather may prevent the crew members from detecting the response of the ship
D．that the crew members are poorly educated and have not enough knowledge
D
The flooding of No.1 hold _______．
A．will result in an almost instantaneous loss of hull buoyancy and the ship sinking B．will create a chain reaction involving the hatch covers being displaced，bulkheads collapsing
C．will progress to the adjacent No.2 hold
D．is normally a survivable situation
D
If _______，the consequent trim can immerse the deck forward and the survivability of the ship under storm condition becomes doubtful．
A．No.1 hold is flooded
B．No.2 hold is flooded
C．both No.1 and No.2 hold are flooded
D．either both No.1 or No.2 hold is flooded
C
The best title of this paragraph shall be _______．
A．The flooding and division arrangement of the ship
B．Knowing when the holds are taking in water is very important
C．Crew members will never know when the holds are flooded
D．Flooding is unavoidable
B
Passage 17
On the bridge for the approach to the pilot boarding ground were the Master，who had the con，the Mate，as Watch Officer，and a seaman at the wheel，while the Third Mate went on deck to meet the pilot．The normal procedure onboard was for the Second Mate to prepare the voyage plan and to lay off the courses on the charts．However，because the passage from Burnie to the Tamar River was relatively short and because he intended stopping and drifting for two to three hours，the Master decided to lay off the courses himself．
In the past，when the company employed Japanese officers，the Master would discuss operational and navigational procedures with them．However，since the introduction of the employment of Filipino officers，the Master no longer did this，with the result there was no cohesive bridge team．When the pilot launch arrived alongside，the Mate went to the port bridge wing and remained there until such time as the Pilot had gained the deck．At a critical stage，when manoeuvring close to a reef，he was providing no active support to the Master by monitoring the vessel's progress，either by radar or by the electronic plotting table．With no active support from the Mate，the Master had quickly plotted the position at a time he recorded as 0606，from which he realised there was a danger of the stern swinging into the eastern shallows of Hebe Reef．In instructing the helmsman to steady on 1600，however，he does not appear to have appreciated the developing situation with West Reef，created by that action，and the vessel grounded fast in the Reef．
The Master did not discuss operational and navigational procedures with his mates because _______．
A．he has ethnic or cultural prejudice in his dealings with those officers
B．he laid off the courses himself
C．the bridge was adequately manned for the operation
D．the Second Mate did not prepare the voyage plan and lay off the courses on the charts A
Of the following _______ is not a contributing factor leading to the grounding accident．A．that Master did not inform the Mate of his intended actions or seek the Mate's support in monitoring and advising him on the progress of the manoeuvres
最新中考英语阅读理解专题(含答案)经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。 C What is your favorite color? Ask famous persons like Cate Blanchett, Scarlett Johnson, and Bono （singer for the band U2）, and maybe they will say “green.” That’s not because these artists like the color green best. Instead, they are interested in green fashion. Green fashion is about making （and wearing） clothes that are good for humans, animals, and the Earth. In the past, green fashion made people think of ugly clothes. But today, green fashion is different. It is about looking good and caring about the Earth and other people. You can have interesting clothes and be green. Around the world, green fashion is becoming popular. For example, the U.K. company People Tree sells me n’s and women’s clothing and accessories（配搭物）. They are made from natural fabrics（织物）like cotton and wool. Workers who make the clothes are from countries like Kenya（肯尼亚）, and Bangladesh（孟加拉国）. People Tree pays the men and women good money for the clothes they make. Singer Bono and his wife also started a clothing company called EDUN. When the clothes are sold, EDUN uses most of the money to help people around the world. （1）From this passage, we know that “green fashion” means________. A. putting green color on your face B. making clothes from green trees C. wearing the color green all the time D. wearing clothes that are good for the Earth （2）Today, green fashion is ___________. A. the same as it was in the past B. making people work harder C. more popular and interesting D. mostly popular with famous persons （3）Which sentence about green clothing companies is true? A. They are all in Africa. B. They do not pay their workers well. C. They make clothes only for women. D. They use natural fabrics to make clothes. （4）What does EDUN do? A. It teaches people to make clothes. B. It makes interesting clothes for teenagers. C. It sells clothes and uses the money to help people. D. It pays people good money for the clothes they make. 【答案】（1）D （2）C
Passage 3-01 Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. By1100 hrs, for 3rd shift (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day. Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours 1100 to 1200 hrs and 1830 to 1930 hrs. unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours. 劳工应责令0900小时第二轮班同一天（1500至2300年时）小时和1300第一班的第二天（0700至1500小时）小时。 By1100小时，第三转变同一天（2300至0500小时）。 在正常情况下，没有工作是执行在用膳时间1100至1200年和1830年至1930年小时小时。除非该船舶被列为重点船舶或者其代理人的订单时，才会在用餐时间的工作。 C 001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by ________ .如果你想在这个港同日第三班劳动，顺序应该是在… A. any time任意时间 B. 0900 hours C. 1100 hours D. 1300 hours B 002.________is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances. 正常情况下，…会被安排在用餐时间工作 A. Cargo work货物装卸 B. No cargo work不进行货物装卸 C. Ordering work by Agent代理所下的订单工作 D. loading and discharging 装卸 A 003. Loading and discharging can be performed during meal hours _____ A. if the ship is classified as a key vessel 该船为重要船只 B. if agent orders work beforehand 代理预先有所要求 C. under normal circumstances 在正常情况下 D. either A or B A或者B C 004. What does the word “key” mean ________? A. laden满载的 B. small小的 C. pivotal重要的 D. big大的 Passage 3-02 Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master will have informed his owners or agents of the approximate time of the vessel's arrival at the pilot station for the port of destination. The vessel should be flying her ensign and also her signal letters and the requisite pilot signal when approaching the pilot station. The international signals, as well as any local port signals, can be found in the Sailing Directions, which is also known as the "Pilot Book" When a pilot is required most ports now require due notice of the vessel's ETA to be sent in by radio. However, this does not relieve the ship's obligation to display the pilot signal ("G" by any of the methods of signaling ) until the pilot is aboard when "H" flag will be flown. If the master or first mate of the vessel has a pilotage certificate for the district then the above is unnecessary, in such case the pilot flag (white and red horizontal halves, as on the pilot vessel) will be flown. 在到达英国之前，船长会在引航站通知他的业主或代理到达目的港的大致时间。船舶应该在靠近引航站时升起船旗和她的信号字以及必要的控制信号。国际信号，以及本地港口的任何信号，都可以在航路指南也叫做水路指南的书中找到。大多数港口现在需要引航员通过无线电适时通知其船只的预计到达时间。但是，只有当引航员在甲板上升起H旗才算是免除船舶显示控制信号的义务（“G“的通过对信号的方法之一）。如果该船只的船长或大副有一个该区的引航证，则不需要进行上述行为。在这种情况下，将需升起引航旗。 B 005. While the pilot is on ship, ________should be displayed on the top of the ship mast. 当引航员在船上，…需要展示在船桅顶端 (1) "G" flag G旗(2) "H" flag H旗 A. only (1) 只有（1） B. only (2) 只有（2） C. both (1) and (2) （1）以及（2） D. (1) plus (2) （1）加上（2） A 006. What's the meaning of the "ETA"________ ETA的意思是…. A. Estimated time of Arrival 预计到达时间
中国海员之家网站考试资料系列46 期航海英语试题 科目：航海英语试卷代号：903 适用对象：无限航区，近洋航区船舶二、三副 （本试卷卷面总分100 分，及格分数70 分，考试时间100 分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在相应位置上用2B 铅笔涂黑。第1 题至88 题，每题1 分，第89 题至96 题，每题 1.5 分。 一、单项选择题 1. Information on the opening times and characteristics of radiobeacons can be found in which publications? A. List of Light B. Coast Pilot C. Sailing Directions D. List of Radiobeacons 2. Mariners not entering the port are ______ to keep at least one mile off. A. advised B. reported C. complied D. supplied 3. The velocity of the current in large coastal harbors is______. A. predicted in Tidal Current Tables B. unpredictable C. generally constant D. generally too weak to be of concern 4. A mercator chart is a______ A. cylindrical projection B. simple conic projection C. polyconic projection D. rectangular projection 5. Why does distance always have to be measured from the nearest scale on a Mercator chart? A. Because it is the most efficient way B. Because it varies with the change of latitude C. Because it varies with the change of longitude D. Because it is the most straight line 6. Who is responsible for the voyage plan? A. The person who has done the planning B. The master C. The navigation officer D. The owner 7. Charted depth is the______. A. vertical distance from the chart sounding datum to the ocean bottom, plus the height of tide B. vertical distance from the chart sounding datum to the ocean bottom C. average height of water over a specified period of time D. average height of all low waters at a place 8. Defense plans may cause the operation of electronic aids to navigation to be suspended with ______. A. no notice B. one day's notice C. a week's notice D. thirty (30)days notice 9. Periodic publications notifying change in, or additions to, previously published navigational date are______. A. Supplements B. Annual Summary C. Navigational Warning D. Notices to Mariners 10. ______is a full nautical record of a ship's voyage, written up at the end of each watch by the officer of the watch. 中国海员之家网站考试资料系列46 期航海英语试题第2 页 中国海员之家网站（http://www.seamancn. com ）搜集整理，更多考试资料请到网站免费下载。 A. Sea Protest B. Deck Log C. Accident Report D. Seaman's Book 11. Do you need to measure oxygen levels before entering an enclosed space?
最新中考英语英语阅读理解试题(及答案) 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers (抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets. About a block from my apartment (公寓房间), I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining street-light. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the street. Suddenly I wasn't cold or tired any more, and I ran out of the door and back to where I'd heard the noise. Although I searched the street anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck (垃圾车) pull up to the street next to me. When a voice called from the inside, "Alisa Camacho?" I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. "Is this what you're looking for?" he asked, holding up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn't get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other. （1）How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work? A. Cold and sick. B. Fortunate and helpful. C. Disappointed and helpless. D. Satisfied and cheerful. （2）From the first paragraph, we learn that the writer was busy _________. A. solving her problem at the bank B. preparing for the first night show C. learning acting in an evening school D. taking part in various city activities （3）On her way home the writer __________. A. lost her wallet unknowingly B. was stopped by a garbage truck driver C. was robbed of her wallet by an armed man D. found some homeless people following her （4）In the fifth paragraph, why did the writer say she was dreaming? A. Someone offered to take her back home. B. A red-haired man came to see her. C. Her wallet was found in a garbage truck. D. She heard someone call her name. （5）From the text, we can infer that the writer _________.
航海英语考试内容总结 ISM规则属于SOLAS公约的chapter IX “International Safety Management (ISM) Code” ISM宗旨The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention. ”Company” means the owner of the ship or any other organization or person such as the manager, or the bareboat charterer, who has assumed the responsibility for operation of the ship from the shipowner and who, on assuming such responsibility, has agreed to take over all duties and responsibility imposed by the Code. 船长Master`s responsibility and authority. 1 implementing the safety and environmental-protection policy of the Company; .2 motivating the crew in the observation of that policy; .3 issuing appropriate orders and instructions in a clear and simple manner; .4 verifying that specified requirements are observed; 5 reviewing the safety management system and reporting its deficiencies to the shore-based management.
最新中考英语阅读理解专题练习1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读上面的信息，选择正确答案。 ① Jackie, Are you good at fixing printers? The one in my office doesn't work. Please help! Grace ② You can make a cake in about fifteen minutes. First, heat the oven to 350℉. Then, put the flour （面粉） in a bowl and add the milk, butter, eggs and salt. ③ Found A purple schoolbag. Found at the gate. Call Janet at 457-4611. ④ Telephone Message From: Luke Sanger To: Mr. Miller Message: Call him back at 3: 00 p. m. on June 29 at his office number （234-3688）. ⑤Our running club members meet at 7: 00 p.m. every Wednesday. We run in two groups: Beginners （for anyone ） The experienced （for runners who can do 12miles or more ） Join us to keep fit! Call Esteban Lopez at 617-555- 3697. A. office B. mobile phone C. printer D. cake （2）We may read Text ② in a ________. A. cookbook B. music magazine C. weather report D. story book （3）Text ③ should be a ________. A. thank-you note B. letter C. postcard D. notice （4）According to Text④, Luke Sanger should be ________ at 3: 00 p. m. on June 29. A. at home B. in the office C. on the plane D. at the restaurant （5）In Test ⑤, the running club members meet ________. A. once a week B. twice a week C. once a month D. twice a month 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）B （5）A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍感谢信，蛋糕制作流程，失物招领，和电话和俱乐部等的信息。 （1）细节题。根据 Are you good at fixing printers? 可知打印机出了问题，故选C 。 （2）推断题。本则内容主要介绍如何做蛋糕，因此此则信息可能来自烹饪的书籍，故选A 。
Passage 01 Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year. 1.The deep-sea liners ________. A. carry mainly containerized cargo B. carry mainly conventional cargo C. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles D. sail across channels and narrow seas. 2.The Liners ________. A. always sail full B. sail regularly even not full C. always sail in ballast D. will not sail if not full 3.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners ________.
阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。 3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，wh en，where，why，how等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关
中考英语英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案) 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 Children love to play and laugh throughout their days at school or at home. Finding the time to laugh with your children may be the best thing you can do for the relationship. Encourage your children to develop a good humor by laughing at the jokes they make up on the spot. This will help them grow confident and build their self-esteem. If you do not get the joke, you can ask why they think the joke is funny. Honest feedback will help your children develop funnier jokes. You can take them to your local library and have them pick up a few joke books. Then you can head back home or out to the park and read it together for a good laugh. You can take turns reading jokes to each other from the book or make up a few yourselves. But if they make a joke at the expense of another person, you may want to discuss the difference between making fun of yourself and making fun of others. In turn , try not to make jokes at your children’s expense, you need to set an exampl e that they can follow. Learning to laugh at oneself is a great quality to attain. You can set an example by laughing at your own mistakes. This is a great way to help reduce your own stress as well as your children’s. Laughing may make the situation seem lighter and easier to work through. By doing this, your children will be better prepared to handle any difficulties. Most importantly, laughing will bring you closer together as a family. You can have your family find different ways to laugh. You can play games. You can start a staring contest, arm wrestling contest, thumb wars contest and have a prize for the winners. You can all watch your best funny movies and act out the best parts together after the movies are over. You could hold a contest to see who can make the other members of the family laugh more by doing something funny. Kids will be able to enjoy the good time they had with their parents. The family that laughs together stays together! （1）If you often play and laugh with your children, you can ________. A. develop a good humor B. become proud and confident C. make up some funny jokes D. get along well with each other （2）The underlined word “them” refers to ________. A. funny jokes B. interesting books C. your children D. the family （3）We can infer that when your children make mistakes you should ________. A. teach them to laugh at the mistakes B. blame them seriously C. punish them at once D. tell them to do better in future （4）The author advises in Para.4 that people make their family members laugh by ________. A. having a party B. having some kinds of contests C. doing some housework D. reading joke books （5）What can be the best title for the text? A. The More You laugh, the B etter You’ll Be B. Laughing Every Day Is Simple C. How to Laugh in Everyday Life D. Laughter Is Good for Your Family