第一讲 谓语动词
第一课时 动词的时态和语态
语法填空
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have__reported(report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are
increasing.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene
declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my
family and all the friends I have__made(make) over the years.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were__invited(invite) to attend
a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and
meeting interesting locals.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011, the
country has__grown(grow) more corn than rice.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government started(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them
alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant(mean) me no real harm.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were__used(use) to pull the carriages and
it must have
been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.However, the railway
quickly proved to be a great success...
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed(manage) to construct railways in a system of
deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has__been__told/was__told(tell) that she could be Britain’s new
supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I
should take the offer now.But at the
moment, school comes(come) first.”
1．考查的时态主要是一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2．考查被动语态的用法；
3．考查主谓一致。
短文改错
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. __is→was
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
required→requires
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father
to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. find→found
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
are→were
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. begin→begun
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders,
but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. goes→went
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh
vegetables! came→comes
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
had→have
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of
high school and become a new member of the school music club. took→taken；become→became
1．上下文中时态不一致；
2．语态错用。
要点一 各种时态的用法
一般时态
(一)一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually,
every day/night等连用。
(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the
actual distance is only 20 miles. 周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive,
leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。
The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day.
这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
(江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he
started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
■名师点津
动词第三人称的构成
一般情况直接加-s work→works get→gets
say→says read→reads
结尾为-s, x, sh, ch或-o，在词尾加-es discuss→discusses
wash→washes fix→fixes
teach→teaches go→goes
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为carry→carries study→studies
i再加-es try→tries fly→flies cry→cries
(二)一般过去时
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
(2019·江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the
people and culture there. 史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。
(全国卷Ⅰ)Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
■名师点津
动词过去式的构成
一般情况在动词后加-ed work→worked
play→played
want→wanted
以不发音的-e结尾的动词后加-d hope→hoped
like→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study→studied
try→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped
prefer→preferred
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
(三)一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be
rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
(北京卷)—What time is it? ——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute, I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是请稍等，我给您查查。
