第一讲谓语动词
第一课时动词的时态和语态
语法填空
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have__reported(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have__made(make) over the years.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were__invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011, the country has__grown(grow) more corn than rice.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant(mean) me no real harm.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were__used(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success...
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has__been__told/was__told(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school comes(come) first.”
1．考查的时态主要是一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2．考查被动语态的用法；
3．考查主谓一致。
短文改错
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. __is→was
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. required→requires
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. find→found
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. are→were
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. begin→begun
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. goes→went
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! came→comes
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. had→have
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. took→taken；become
→became
1．上下文中时态不一致；
2．语态错用。
要点一各种时态的用法
一般时态
(一)一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。
The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day.
这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
(江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
■名师点津
动词第三人称的构成
一般情况直接加-s
work→works get→gets
say→says read→reads
结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch或-o，在
词尾加-es
discuss→discusses
wash→washes fix→fixes
teach→teaches go→goes
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为carry→carries study→studies
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
(2019·江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。
(全国卷Ⅰ)Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
■名师点津
动词过去式的构成
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will 通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
(北京卷)—What time is it? ——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute, I will check it for you.——我不知道。但是请稍等，我给您查查。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
(陕西卷)Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天与他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。
Look, dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon, I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10点你必须得上交试卷。
A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以和并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。
(全国卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
进行时态
(一)现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(江苏卷)We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们将要怎么对待它。
2．表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
(重庆卷)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前立刻行动。
(二)过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
(2018·北京卷) Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时
候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。
(北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
(三)将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
(天津卷)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为那个时间段她有课。
■名师点津
动词进行时的构成
一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
work→working
study→studying
以不发音的-e结尾的动词，去e再加
-ing
write→writing
take→taking
face→facing
“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭
音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，
双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing
cut→cutting
begin→beginning
swim→swimming
run→running
put→putting
plan→planning
sit→sitting
以-ie结尾的动词，变-ie为y再加-ing
lie→lying
die→dying
完成时态
(一)现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。
(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the
last three months.在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点，for＋时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(湖南卷)—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, I haven’t played the piano for years.
——抱歉，我已经好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(陕西卷)His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来就获得了很好的评价。
3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
■名师点津
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
Mr.Smith lived in Beijing for 5 years.(现在已不在北京)
(二)过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
(辽宁卷)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。
(北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
过了好久我才能够完全理解他们为我做那些事。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I
couldn’t manage it.
我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我没能做到。
■名师点津
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did；It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从某人做某事以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than...
一……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
完成进行时
考纲对完成进行时的要求为考生须掌握现在完成进行时。
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语有all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。
(湖南卷)I’m tired out.I have been shopping all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事也没完成。
(北京卷)Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
要点二被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。
被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的使用场合：
1．不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；
2．需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.他们正在努力确保到2022年时为北京冬奥会安装5G 信号终端。
(2018·北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
(2018·天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。
■名师点津
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain 剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。
主动表示被动意义
1．“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep 等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well，easily 等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时用主动形式表示被动意义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买最近卖得很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
准确确定动词时态的“四个依据”
依据一时间状语
动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。
[例1]Silk ____________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 B．C.
[分析]had become句意：到大约公元前100 年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。题干中有表示过去的时间状语“about 100 B．C.”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。
[例2]In the last few years, China ____________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
[分析]has made题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。
依据二参照动词
当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。
[例3]The real reason why prices ____________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
[分析]were题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词“are”和“is”可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例4]Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he____________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
[分析]was going to be题干中虽然有时间状语“in 1879”，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“As a child”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”时，而是以后的事，即将来，所以所填词应用过去将来时。
依据三句意或语境
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。
[例5]—Is Peter coming?
—No, he ____________(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
[分析]changed题干中虽然有时间状语“at the last minute”和参照动词“is”，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：——彼得要来吗？——不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。由此可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例6](天津卷)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ____________(not see) for years.
[分析]hadn’t seen句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了多年未见的戴维。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”这一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。
依据四固定句式
英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。
1．It is the first/second/...time that sb. has/have done...
2．It was the first/second/...time that sb. had done...
3．Sb. was/were doing sth. when...did...
4．Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when...did...
5．Sb. be about to do sth. when...did...
6．It’s (high) time that sb. did sth./should do sth.
[例7]It is the first time that I ____________(be) to Beijing.
[分析]have been句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，考虑设空处在从句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time that sb. has/have done...”确定使用现在完成时。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·咸阳一模)A representative who had__seen(see) his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave.
2．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)Additionally, the kinds of facial make-up(脸谱) are(be) the most particular art in Peking Opera.
3．(2020·陕西汉中一模)That was the first time that I had__noticed(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.
4．(2020·大连双基测试)Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G has__been__considered(consider)．
5．(2020·海淀期中)—Mona is never happy.Look, she is__complaining(complain) about her lunch.
—I think she’d better change her way of thinking.
6．(2020·苏州调研)—We are looking for somebody who is fluent in Spanish.
—No problem.I studied(study) Spanish for four years at college.
7．(2020·南通一模)—Kevin, time for the next destination!
—No hurry! Another 15 minutes and we will__have__explored(explore) all the exhibition rooms of the museum.
8．(2020·通州期末)If we keep(keep) on doing this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English.
9．(2020·海淀期中)—Will you be home before 7：00 pm tomorrow?
—Probably not, I will__be__picking(pick) up Johnny at the airport then.
10．(2020·海淀期中)—Allan, I have__asked(ask) you to come down several times.Why are you still here?
—Sorry, Mom.But I’m busy with my project.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·银川一中二模)So I suggest that you spent your holiday in a different way. spent→spend
2．(2020·呼和浩特一模)Aimed at encouraging us to learn traditional culture and attach great importance to handwriting, the Calligraphy Contest of our school enjoying a huge success. enjoying→enjoyed
3．(2020·包头二模)My brother and I went to the library every Saturday either to do our homework or pick out whatever we want to read. went→go
4．(2020·呼和浩特二模)To my joy, my effort was finally paid off. 删除was
5．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)Recently, a hot mobile game has criticized by the media.在has 后加been
6．(2020·哈尔滨六中二模)As is shown in the chart, 51.83% of people surveyed were voted yes while 36.52% of those voted no. 删除were
7．(2020·福州十三中期中)Today I’ve got wonderful news to tell you.I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance. had→have
8．(2020·邯郸一模)It has been a long time since we meet in China last time.meet→met
9．(2020·天津河东一模)—What do you do, Susan?
—I am a clerk in a foreign company now.But I have taught English in a high school for 8 years. 删除have
10．(2020·天津二模)By the time we graduated from our school, we’ll have been close friends for more than ten years.graduated→graduate
谓语动词的时态和语态 一．谓语的概念 谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词，有行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词等几种，其中行为动词又包括及物动词和不及物动词。谓语成分就是用来说明主语的动作或状态的，一般由动词或动词短语承担。如果句子中没有动词充当谓语的时候，就使用“be”动词。 Tom’s garden is beautiful. My aunt always looks young. He cannot swim. Some women are washing clothes by the river. I have got a new job. We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. The rabbit was shot dead. They will be invited to attend the meeting. The child opened his eyes, looking at his mother for a while. No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谓语动词的时态 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时.
一般现在时（the simple present tense ） 1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, on Sundays I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He sometimes stays in bed until lunch time. My mother never comes to see me. They often listen to the radio in bed. Mike usually goes to bed at 10 o’clock. Our teacher frequently checks our homework. 2. 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Laziness results in poverty. London stands on the Thames. Reading broadens one’s horizon. 3. 表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情,下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start It starts in ten minutes. 4. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时来表示将来。 If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. I'll let you know as soon as he arrives. 即时练：用括号中词语的正确形式填空 A
动词时态和语态教案 徐红平 2012-9
动词时态和语态 目标：1. 掌握英语的八种基本时态和几种常考时态 2. 了解并熟练掌握高考的几种热点时态 3. 区分并正确运用几种易混时态 一、英语的常见时态： 练兵场——稳操胜券 1. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 答案A 解析: 飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现在时表将来。 2. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_before. A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying 答案C 解析: hadn’t flown动作发生在was nervous之前。 3. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ______ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 答案A 解析: 考查一般过去时的基本用法。句中并列连词and连接两个发生在过去的顺承的动作，时态应该一致。 4. -- Your job ______ open for your return.
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
谓语动词的时态&语态 动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫时态。动作发生的时间不同，其
【注】 -s ，例want---wants ；② s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾，加-es ，例teach---teaches ；③辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为i 再加-es ，例study---studies 。 -ing ，例study---studying ；②以不发音字母e 结尾，去e 加-ing ，例live---living ；③辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing ，例 begin---beginning ；④以-ie 结尾的词，变ie 为y ，再加-ing ，例die---dying 。 -ed ，例want---wanted ；②以e 结尾只加-d ，例live---lived ；③辅音字母+y 结尾，改y 为i 再加-ed ，例study---studied ；④辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed ，例stop---stopped ；⑤不规则动词另记。 ，谓语的形式称为主动语态；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就用被动语态。 【做题方法】 1）辨明主动被动； 2）找时间状语； 3）找已有谓语动词时态； 4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。
【基础练】 1. Light (travel) faster than sound. 2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy. 3. The work (finish) in ten days. 4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared. 5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground. 6. I first met Tom ten years ago. He (work) in a TV factory at that time. 7. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949. 8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai. By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words. 【提升练】 2018~2012年高考题（改编） 单句语法填空/单句改错 1.（2018 全国一，64）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ________(be) more effective at lengthening life… 2.（2018全国一卷，短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 3.（2018全国二卷, 61）Since 2011, the country ______________ （grow）more corn than rice. 4.（2018全国二卷, 68）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005---when the government _________________ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers--- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5.（2018全国二卷, 短文改错）I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998
高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用 动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一 个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 . every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行 时 has/have been doing/ 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done 一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will/shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时will/shall be doing/ 考点1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work. ②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take)． ③My train________(leave)at6：30. ④A snow________(expect)to come next week. ⑤Here________(come)the bus. ⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well. ⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me. ⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃. 考点2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
v1.0 可编辑可修改 时态语态 （一）时态 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning. 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east. 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football. 4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging. 5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad. 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 . 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus. 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy. 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. 3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do” 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week. 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用） 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism. 3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式 现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught
高中英语动词的时态和语态
1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。 2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。 3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。 5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。 三、一般将来时 1、will/shall do （1）表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month…,at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。 （2）表示将来经常发生的动作。 （3）表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。 （4）表示说话过程中做出某种决定。 注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。 2、be going to do （1）表示已经决定或安排要做的事。 （2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。 3、be to do （1）表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 （2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。 （3）表示注定要发生的事情。 4、be about to do （1）表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。 （2）不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。 5、某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。 四、过去将来时
动词的时态和语态 一、.英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态或被动语态，或语法规定的其他情况。 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分 二、动词的时态 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常
用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时 结构：do/does have/has be(am/is/are) 标志语：often，always，usually，sometimes,never,every day ,in +时间段，等。 （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示主语的身份和特征 a. He goes to school every day. b. He is a student/handsome. (2)表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. (3)少数动词用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情。此类动词有begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等 The train leaves at 8:50. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. （4) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。常考的此类从句有：as soon as，until，if和when引导的从句。 a. If you come this a fternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When he graduates, I’ll go to coun tryside. 2.一般过去时 结构：did 标志语：yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last..., in 1998 (1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. (2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. ※”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “be used to”+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于….. a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used to swimming in winter. （3）在具体的语境中表示“刚刚；刚才”，而暗含“现在不那样了”。 Oh, it’s you, John. I didn’t know you were here. 3.一般将来时 结构：will do、shall do、be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in + 时间段，in 2010等 （1）表示将来的动作或状态 We will travel Beijing tomorrow. （2）几种表达将来的区别 1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划或打算要发生的动作或者按迹象要发生的事情。We are going to have a meeting today. It’s going to rain. “be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? “be about to“+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We were about to leave when it rained. （3）go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题附答案 而语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤：(1)注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感;(2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态;(3)考虑语态;(4)考虑时态的一致性。另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词，这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。 1.(2002全国高考题)—You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? —I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.di dn’t say 2.(2002全国高考题)I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 3.(2003北京春季高考题)—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.(2003北京春季高考题)—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5.(2003上海春季高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6.(2002北京高考题)The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A.had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7.(2002北京高考题)—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8.(2002上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9.(2002上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________. A.has been B.does C.has D.is
高考语法专题一：谓语动词的时态和语态
一、时态的具体用法： (1) 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day
等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如： They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③在条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有 将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国 就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下 雨我们就只好呆在家) ④人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词 有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪 了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) (2)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态。 ①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父 亲谈话) ②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000 年来到我们市) ③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经 常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇 到露西) (3)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,