English Test Paper for Doctoral Candidates
December 23, 2012
Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)
Section A Conversation
Directions: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I ).
1. A. She has missed too many classes.
B. She finds the course very difficult.
C. She is hardly able to finish the reading.
D. She doesn’t like the professor and his lecture. 2. A. The woman cannot find the piece of paper.
B. The woman will go to see Mr Brown.
C. The man has agreed to give the woman a call.
D. The man will ask Mr Brown to cal the woman. 3. A. She is unable to help the man.
B. She offers to collect data for the man.
C. She has never lived in that small city.
D. She will tell the man her childhood stories. 4. A. It is canceled.
B. It is delayed.
C. It will take off soon.
D. It has a technical problem. 5. A. Bank accounts closed.
B. Money overdrawn.
C. Vacation plans.
D. Daily expenses.
Section B Passage
Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I ). Passage One
6. A. Deteriorating memory.
B.
Insufficient preparation.
C. Uncontrollable tension.
D. Education background.
7. A. She would fail to recall anything.
B. She would become absent-minded.
C. She would sit down and rest.
D. She would copy the answers.
8. A. To help students become smarter.
B. To help students prepare for tests.
C. To help students follow instructions.
D. To help students control anxiety.
Passage Two
9. A. Water could be found in a nearby river.
B. The river water could be used for irrigation.
C. The water could be saved for future use.
D. Villagers could carry the water to the fields.
10. A. The job would take several months.
B. The villagers had never done the job before.
C. The job was too great and costly.
D. There wasn't enough labor to do the job.
Section C Summary
Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. Then you are asked to write a summary about 60 words on it (on Answer Sheet II).
Part II Vocabulary (10%)
[依据《新世纪博士生综合英语》1、2、4、5、6单元内容]
Section A
Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (on Answer Sheet I).
11. A speaker who makes more eye contact is perceived as _______ and responsible.
A. virtual
B. confident
C. intrusive
D. innocent
12. The book is a(an) _______ of tapescripts of some famous speeches.
A. image
B. feature
C. collection
D. encryption
13. The treaty created the European Union, the world's largest trading _______.
A. bloc
B. block
C. bulk
D. bond
14. The museum _______ the different tastes and needs of different people.
A. caters for
B. results in
C. stems from
D. conforms to
15. Information considered to be pornographic includes _______ explicit materials.
A. personally
B. politically
C. sexually
D. racially
16. Indian women have few _______ for relaxation and recreation.
A. outlets
B. chores
C. phases
D. scores
17. The assumption is rooted in a Cold War _______ or viewpoint.
A. perspective
B. prospective
C. retrospective
D. introspective
18. Precautionary _______ must be taken to prevent wildfires.
A. institutions
B. measures
C. gadgets
D. assets
19. Technology has _______ the sharing, storage and delivery of information.
A. facilitated
B. furnished
C. functioned
D. fascinated
20. The carcinogenic pollutants inhaled are the _______ of smoking 20 packs of cigarettes a day.
A. equivalent
B. formula
C. quality
D. price
Section B
Directions: There are a number of sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best suits the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (on Answer Sheet I).
21. Should universities give priority to undergraduate education?
A. attach importance to
B. make reference to
C. pay attention to
D. give respect to
22. A typical woman in a developed country puts on 22 pounds during pregnancy.
A. wins
B. gains
C. tolerates
D. estimates
23. Birmingham, Alabama, was once the most racially segregated city in America.
A. intense
B. diverse
C. varied
D. separated
24. The thermostat will gauge the temperature and control the heat.
A. measure
B. reduce
C. adjust
D. raise
25. I've been smoking pot for three years, and now it is making me sick.
A. marijuana
B. nicotine
C. cocaine
D. heroin
26. In the late 1980s, TB resurged or returned with a vengeance.
A. periodically
B. sporadically
C. assuredly
D. fiercely
27. Just now the little girl was throwing up in the hallway of the school.
A. vomiting
B. spinning
C. leaping
D. trolling
28. The movable-type printing press is one of the seminal achievements in history.
A. controversial
B. indispensable
C. time-honored
D. groundbreaking
29. Given that chimpanzees are endangered, stop using them in biomedical research.
A. Because
B. Though
C. Unless
D. While
30. The potential for falsification of documents has never been greater.
A. fabrication
B. interception
C. transaction
D. dissemination
Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of an offender sentenced to death
Death was formerly the penalty for a large number of offenses in England during the 17th
countries, though the practice has been condemned by the United Nations Human Rights Committee as "incompatible with human 50 ."
[依据《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 6的话题]
31. A. with B. for C. on D. against
32. A. employed B. proscribed C. aggravated D. confined
33. A. approach B. option C. board D. range
34. A. eradicated B. condoned C. sanctioned D. prohibited
35. A. this B. it C. that D. which
36. A. convicted B. conducted C. committed D. concealed
37. A. and B. not C. nor D. or
38. A. harsher B. lesser C. stricter D. tougher
39. A. colonies B. districts C. states D. provinces
40. A. cruel B. tedious C. disgruntled D. psychedelic
41. A. being B. been C. are D. were
42. A. off B. through C. out D. forward
43. A. live B. alive C. lively D. livable
44. A. events B. ceremonies C. movements D. festivals
45. A. wherever B. because C. until D. since
46. A. though B. still C. thus D. hence
47. A. speaking B. considering C. talking D. regarding
48. A. published B. broadcast C. advertised D. copied
49. A. some B. many C. several D. few
50. A. dignity B. character C. behavior D. habits
Part IV Reading Comprehension (25%)
Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I. Passage 1
All around us is a world of tiny living things called microbes. They are everywhere—in the air, in the soil, in the water we drink. They are on our food, hands, clothes, and everything we touch. The dust that settles on the furniture carries them. They are on walls, ceiling, floors. They may be very tiny—most of them too small to be seen—but they are constantly doing things all about us. Some of the things they do are very useful. The cheese and bread that we eat have become the foods they are because of the work of microbes. We owe our sauerkraut, pickles, vinegar, sour cream, and favorite kinds of sour milk to microbes. Our earth stays fertile because of the activity of the billions of microbes in the soil.
Microbes are responsible, too, for some annoying things that happen every day in your home. If you forget to change the water in a vase of flowers, it begins to smell; microbes are at work. Bread left in a package too long gets moldy. Your clothes may mildew. Your food may spoil. All of these things mean microbes at work.
Microbes are also at work when people get sick. In fact, most people think of microbes as something to be destroyed. It is true that certain microbes do cause disease, but they are a very small part of the microbe population. Out of every thirty thousand kinds of microbes, the chances are that just one is harmful and likely to cause disease. Most microbes are harmless. And some microbes themselves produce the most powerful weapons we have yet found to conquer disease. The "wonder drugs" such as penicillin and streptomycin are products of the activity of microbes.
51. According to the passage, microbes are _______.
A. both dynamic and static
B. both powerful and controllable
C. both widespread and confined
D. both detrimental and beneficial
52. Owing to the work of microbes, we can eat all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. milk
B. pickles
C. cheese
D. sauerkraut
53. It is stated in the passage that _______.
A. one out of every thirty thousand kinds of microbes turns out to be harmless
B. some microbes produce the most powerful weapons such as penicillin
C. microbes are so small that they cannot be seen by naked eyes
D. microbes can do annoying things and should be destroyed
54. The underlined word "mildew" in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _______.
A. be damp
B. wear out
C. get moldy
D. become smelly
55. _______ is the scientific study mainly concerning microbes.
A. Biochemistry
B. Insectology
C. Bacteriology
D. Zoology
Passage 2
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially those in medical- and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $ 576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly 6 pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn't? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
Now Columbia pans to go beyond the typical "https://www.doczj.com/doc/c53021147.html," model, free sites listing courses and professors' research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will grow into an independent company. Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear: It is going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between profit and purity.
56. Big money flowing into the ivory tower has _______.
A. brought about news concerns
B. yielded fat profits for administrators
C. benefited both the faculty and students
D. altered the nature of higher education
57. The survey found that 132 universities made huge profits by _______.
A. helping corporations develop high-tech products
B. selling their patents or marketing their inventions
C. conducting research with the industrial sector
D. playing a leading role in academic research
58. Some faculty members are worried about _______.
A. the professors in profitable fields
B. the credibility of researchers
C. the way profits are divided
D. the trend of profit-making
59. The underlined word "toiling" most likely means _______.
A. struggling alone
B. working hard
C. specializing
D. exploring
60. What is the new plan of Columbia University?
A. To find a new balance between profit and purity.
B. To offer free courses and research services on line.
C. To provide academic resources on a profit-earning basis.
D. To run a company by making use of its faculty expertise.
Passage 3
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. But if the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the family. We are getting a little tired of "Momism"—but we don’t want to exchange it for a "neo-Popism". What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the hom e. We are beginning, however, to analyze a man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to healthy family.
61. Paragraph 1 suggests that in the family _______.
A. male superiority should be maintained
B. men's role should be correctly defined
C. fathers are badly off as before
D. husbands are not treated equal
62. Some people start to realize that bringing up children _______.
A. is not just the responsibility of the mom
B. should be a major job or task of the dad
C. entails tiring household tasks
D. involves happiness and pains
63. Men's place in the family is _______ to the healthy growth of the child.
A. paramount
B. acceptable
C. dominant
D. relevant
64. To run the co-operative enterprise of the family, husband and wife should _______.
A. avoid conflicts
B. lay down rules
C. make joint efforts
D. consult specialists
65. Equality is beneficial to a healthy family, so is it to a healthy _______.
A. child
B. business
C. nation
D. civilization
Passage 4
Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.
Labor’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly in reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.
66. Automation aims to _______.
A. increase productivity
B. promote employment
C. reduce labor's distress
D. carry out technical reform
67. Automation causes concern among workers or employees because they _______.
A. are not well protected by new policies
B. are losing benefits and financial interests
C. are resistant to new technology and skills
D. are not ready to cope with changes in jobs
68. Despite labor's concern, automation may eventually _______.
A. increase employment in industries
B. reduce permanently dismissed workers
C. help laid-off workers acquire new skills
D. benefit employees no less than their employers
69. _______ require(s) that money or wages be paid on the basis of length of service.
A. Supplementary unemployment benefits
B. Dismissal pay agreements
C. The "improvement factor"
D. New installation plans
70. Workers can expect to share or enjoy the fruits of automation to the full extent with _______.
A. the increased productivity and lowered production costs
B. the least inconvenience and stress in the technical transition
C. less time at work, more time at play and higher incomes
D. increased wages in proportion to the increase in productivity
Passage 5
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.
Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make productions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or
estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.
71. In Paragraph 1, "mother" and "father" are used as _______ for modern descriptive and
inferential statistics.
A. a simile
B. an analogy
C. an overture
D. a euphemism
72. What is TRUE about descriptive statistics?
A. It leads to increased variability.
B. It solves major numerical problems.
C. It keeps orderly records of variables.
D. It simplifies unwieldy masses of data.
73. Which of the following is NOT given as an example of variables?
A. Gender.
B. Character.
C. Occupation.
D. Intelligence.
74. The passage suggests that _______.
A. both descriptive and inferential statistics are methods of data assembly
B. ordering, tabulating, and depicting are associated with inferential statistics
C. descriptive and inferential statistics are traced back to two different sources
D. prediction on the basis of a sample is characteristic of descriptive statistics
75. The passage is mainly concerned with _______ of statistics.
A. originals
B. theories
C. categories
D. applications
Part V Translation (20%)
Section A
Directions:Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese, and write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II.
At present, if I, in Australia, were to be gullible enough to fall victim to a fraudulent investment scheme originating in Albania, I suspect that I could count on very little help from authorities in either jurisdiction.
In furtherance of electronic crime control, it is imperative to foster international co-operation. Steps taken following the G-8 Birmingham meeting in May 1998 for nations to designate liaison offices which will be on call on a 24-hour basis, illustrates the need for prompt concerted response to the problem of transnational digital crime.
This unprecedented co-operation between nations will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values. Even within nations, tensions between such values as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high on the public agenda. And new organizational
forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.
[选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 5 课文23-25段内容]
Section B
Directions:Translate the following paragraph into English, and write your English version on Answer Sheet II.
每年，大约一千名企业高管、政府官员、知识分子和媒体记者，从几十个国家聚集到瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛。这些人几乎都拥有自然科学、社会科学、商学或法学学位；英语相当娴熟；受雇的政府、商业或学术机构具有广泛的国际关系；并且经常出国访问。他们通常信仰西方社会的个人主义、市场经济和政治民主的普遍价值观。这一核心群体实际上掌控着所有的国际组织、许多国家的政府以及世界主要经济和军事机构。
[选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 4 课文Page 91-92]
Part VI Writing (20%)
Section A An Email
Directions: Write an email of about 100 words by following the instructions below, and put your writing on Answer Sheet II.
You are Li Ming, head of a physics research team. Send an email to your team members, informing them of a team meeting. Be Sure Not to Sign Y our Real Name.
Section B An Essay
Directions: Write an essay of about 150 words on the following topic, and put your writing on Answer Sheet II.
Build Up A Drug-free Society
[依据《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 2的话题]
Keys
Section C Summary (5% = 5×1)
Failure is a way towards success. This is supported by many stories, including the story of Edison. We should first think about the cause of failure so as to avoid it. Second, to prevent failure we should think of whether our goal is right or not. Third, failure is a part of life, so we must learn to live with it. (61 words)
Part IV Translation
Section A E-C (10%)
目前，如果我人在澳大利亚，被来自阿尔巴尼亚的一份虚假投资计划所欺骗，并成为受害者，我想，我几乎不可能从任何一方政府管辖的机构获得帮助。
为了加大打击网络犯罪的力度，有必要建立国际合作。1998年5月G-8伯明翰会议之后，一些国家采取措施，设立了24小时值班的联络处，这说明，这些国家都希望，对于跨国数字犯罪问题，能采取快速的协同应对措施。
由于各国之间存在价值观上的差异，这种前所未有的国际合作将不可避免地导致一些紧张冲突。即使在各国内部，类似个人隐私与执法必要性之间观念上的紧张冲突，也将引起广泛关注。而且，还将出现一批新的组织形式，以打击新形式的犯罪。
Section B C-E (10%)
Each year about a thousand business executives, government officials, intellectuals and journalists from scores of countries meet at the World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland. Almost all of them hold degrees in the physical sciences, social sciences, business or law; are reasonably fluent in English; are employed by governments, corporations and academic institutions with extensive international connections; and travel frequently outside of their own countries. They generally share beliefs in individualism, market economies and political democracy, which are common among people in western civilization. This core group of people controls virtually all international institutions, many of the world’s governments an d the bulk of world’s economic and military organizations.
中南大学考试试卷 2010-- 2011 学年 下 学期 总分100分，占总评成绩 70 % 时间110分钟 机械制造工艺学 课程 40 学时 2.5 学分 考试形式 闭 卷 专业班级： 学号： 姓名： 1、此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上； 2、请在答题纸左上角用正楷字体写上任课老师的名字，交卷时按任课老师交卷。 一、填空题(每空1分，共30分) 1. 机械加工工艺规程的格式不尽相同，在大批大量生产中使用的工艺文件为（ ）。 2. 工件在机床上或夹具中装夹有三种主要的方法，即（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。 3. 某轴尺寸为Φ036 .0014.085.20++mm ，如将尺寸公差按“入体原则”标注，该轴尺寸为( )。 4. 在时间定额的组成中，( )和（ ）的总和称为操作时间。 5. 机器中最小的装配单元是（ ）。 6. 主轴回转轴线的运动误差可以分解为（ ）、（ ）和（ ）三种基本形式。 7. 在车床上车削轴类零件，采用双顶针定位，如果工艺系统中工件的刚度不足，则会产生（ ）误差；如果工艺系统中机床的刚度不足，则会产生（ ）误差。 8. 机械零件表面层金属硬度的变化可以用（ ）和（ ）两个指标来衡量。 9. 磨削淬火钢时，如果磨削区温度超过了相变温度，而磨削过程没有冷却液，零件表层金属将产生（ ）烧伤。 10. 表面强化工艺是指通过（ ）加工方法，使表层金属产生冷态塑性变形。 11. 零件的加工精度包含三方面的内容，即（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。 12. 保证产品装配精度的方法有（ ）、（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。 13. 精基准的选择原则有（ ）原则、（ ）原则、（ ）原则、自为基准原则和便于装夹原则。 14. 加工表面的几何形状误差包括表面粗糙度、（ ）、（ ）和（ ）。
English Test Paper for Doctoral Candidates (A) 2011.01.09 Part I Listening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). 1. A. She is in Vietnam. B. She is in Thailand. C. She is right here. D. She is in Tokyo. 2. A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On foot. D. By train. 3. A. He stays late for the lesson. B. He is studying. C. He has little rest. D. He is resting. 4. A. She gave a lecture to the psychology class. B. She advised the woman to see a psychologist. C. She persuaded the woman not to take the course. D. She convinced the woman to apply to graduate school. 5. A. She read it selectively. B. She went over it chapter by chapter. C. She read it slowly. D. She finished it at a stretch. Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage One 6. A. How to choose the qualified goods. B. The consumer's rights. C. The importance of the quality. D. How to demand the replacement.
中南大学考试试卷 2009级（大学物理1、2）考试试卷 一选择题 1.（本题3分）一质点在力的作用下作直线运动，力F=23x，式中F以牛顿、x以米计。则质点 1 x=1m运动到2x=2m的过程中，该力做功为（）A 3J B 7J C 21J D 42J 2.(本题3分）两个相同的容器，一个盛氢气，一个盛氦气（均视为刚性分子理想气体），开始时它们的压强和温度都相等，现将6J热量传给氦气，使之升高一定温度。若使氢气也升高同样温度，则应向氢气传递热量（） A 12J B 10J C 6J D 5J 3.(本题3分）一容器贮有理想气体，其分子平均自由程为—λ0，若气体的热力学温度降到原来的一半，但体积不变，分子作用球半径不变，则此时平均自由程为（） A -λ0 2 B —λ0 C 2/0—λ D —λ0/2 4.(本题3分）在波长为λ的驻波中，两个相邻波腹之间的距离为（）Ａλ／４Ｂλ／２Ｃ３λ／４Ｄλ 5.(本题３分）一弹簧振子做简谐运动，总能量为E 1 ,如果简谐振动振幅增加为原来的两倍，重物的质量增为原来的四 倍，则它的能量E 2变为（）ＡE 1 ／４ＢE 1 ／２Ｃ ２E 1Ｄ４E 1 6.(本题３分）一束波长为λ的单色光由空气垂直入射到折射
率为ｎ的透明薄膜上，透明薄膜放在空气中，要使反射光得到加强，则薄膜的最小厚度为（ ）Ａλ／４ Ｂλ／４ｎ Ｃ λ／２ Ｄ λ／２ｎ 7.（本题３分）一高速运动电子的总能量为其静能的ｋ倍，则电子的速度为（ ）Ａｋｃ Ｂk c Ｃ2k 1k c - Ｄ 1k k c 2- 8.（本题３分）一束光强为I 0的自然光－垂直穿过两个偏振 片，且此两偏振片的偏振化方向成o 45角，则穿过两个偏振片后的光强I 为（ ）Ａ24 /0I ＢI 0／４ ＣI 0／２ Ｄ 2/20I 二 填空题（共２８分） １．（本题４分）１ｍｏｌ理想气体经过等温膨胀，体积由V 0变到２V 0 ，则气体的熵变为＿＿＿． ２．（本题４分）一列车以２０ｍ／ｓ的速度离车站而去，已知声速为３４０ｍ／ｓ，如果汽笛的频率为５００Ｈｚ，那么站在车站上的旅客听到的汽笛频率为＿＿Ｈｚ。 ３．（本题４分）如图：一长为L 的均匀细杆ＯＭ可绕Ｏ轴在竖直平面内自由转动，今将ＯＭ置于水平位置，然后令其从静止开始自由摆下，当细杆转到竖直位置时，其转动角速度为＿＿。 ４．（本题４分）设 (v f 为速率分布函数，则dv v v Nf v ?21)(的物 理意义为＿＿．
冶金设备学试卷九 中南大学考试试卷 200 年~200 年度第学期时间110 分钟 卷冶金设备学课程学时学分考试形式：开 专业班级：，总分100分占总分 % 一.有关冶金设备论文一篇（30分) 题目：自拟 内容：以各类冶金设备为主，题材自定 形式：正式发表论文的标准格式 二.简答题（每小题5分，共30分） 1.重油的燃烧包括哪些过程，怎样提高重油的燃烧效率？ 2.镁砖具有什么性质；为什么不能用水砌筑镁砖？ 3.离子交换树脂具有哪些性质？按活性基团的性质，离子交换树脂可分为哪几种类型。 4.湿法冶炼金属设备的腐蚀可分为几种形式，试举例说明。 5.铝电解槽有哪些类型，各有何特征？ 6.试述搅拌混合反应槽的类型和适用范围 三、计算题（共40分） 1.已知重力收尘器所处理的烟气中烟尘密度为4500kg/m3，降尘室内长为5m，宽为2m，高为2m；操作条件下气体流量为25000m3/h，气体密度为0.6kg/m3，粘度为3×10-5Pa·s，ξ0为20，试求能完全除去的最小烟尘颗粒的粒径。（5分）
2.已知发生炉煤气的干成分为：CO g29.8%，H2g15.4%，CH4g 3.08%，CO2g8.33%，O2g0.21%，N2g43.18%；当空气消耗系数n=1.2时，求： ⑴.30℃时，煤气的湿成分（3分）； ⑵.理论空气需要量和实际空气需要量（6分）； ⑶.燃烧产物生成量、成分和密度（6分）； ⑷.实际燃烧温度（5分）。 3.一种悬浮液含有直径为1.5×10-4m的球形颗粒，生成的滤饼是不可压缩的，其空隙率为0.55，水的粘度为10-3P，试求滤饼的比阻。（5分） 4.某恒压过滤设备的过滤面积为1m2，过滤10分钟时得滤液0.16m3，过滤15分钟时得滤液0.2m3，问最初过滤5分钟时得滤液多少m3。（10分）
中南大学考试试卷 2011 -- 2012学年下学期时间110分钟(2012.5.6) 物理化学课程32学时2学分考试形式：闭卷 专业年级：化工、应化、制药、粉体、材化等2010级 总分100分，占总评成绩70 % 注：此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上 一、单选题（每题2分，共26分） 1. 实验测得某二级反应速率常数，正确的是（） （A）k=5.0s-1（B）k=5.0 dm6·s-1·mol-2（C）k=5.0 s-1·mol-1（D）k=5.0 dm3·s-1·mol-1 2. 加催化剂可使化学反应的下列物理量中哪个改变（） （A）反应热(B) 平衡常数(C) 反应熵变(D) 速率常数 3. 对下列电解质溶液，其中摩尔电导率最大的是（） (A) 0.001 mol·kg-1 KCl (B) 0.001 mol·kg-1 KOH (C) 0.001 mol·kg-1 HCl (D) 0.1 mol·kg-1 KCl 4. 浓度为0.1mol·kg-1的MgCl2水溶液，其离子强度为( ) (A) 0.1mol·kg－1(B) 0.15mol·kg-1(C) 0.2mol·kg－1，(D) 0.3mol·kg-1。 5. 对下列电解质溶液，其中平均活度系数最大的是（） （A）0.01 mol·kg-1KCl （B）0.01 mol·kg-1CaCl2（C）0.01 mol·kg-1LaCl3（D）0.001 mol·kg-1KCl 6. 用补偿法测定可逆电池的电动势时，是为了( ) (A) 消除电极上的副反应；(B) 减小标准电池的损耗； (C) 在可逆情况下测定电池的电动势；(D) 简便易行。 7. 恒温恒压下可逆电池放电过程（）
中南大学考试试卷带答案 2010 — 2011 学年上学期时间110分钟MATLAB程序设计与仿真课程 32 学时 2 学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：电子信息工程2008级，总分100分，占总评成绩70% 一、填空题（本题42分，每空2分） 1．MATLAB中的显示所有内存变量的命令是：who ；清除内存变量的命令是：clear 。 2．在MA TLAB命令窗口中的“≥”标志表示MA TLAB处于准备状态。 3．把一个图形显示在一个图像窗口的m×n个子图像中的第p个位置的命令是subplot(m,n,p) 。 4．设A=reshape(1:9,3,3), 删除矩阵A的第7号元素后，A= 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 。 5.已知A=[1 2 3；4 5 0；7 8 9]；B=[1 0 3；1 5 0；0 1 2]；写出下列各指令运行的结果。 A+B ans=2 2 6;5 10 0;7 9 11 ； A.*B ans= 1 0 9;4 25 0;0 8 18 ； diag(A)/diag(B) ans= ； A(3)*B(4) ans= 0 。 6．假定变量A是5行4列的矩阵，则plot（A）将在图形窗口绘制 4 条折线。7．x=-2.65, 则fix(x)= -2 , floor(x)= -3 , ceil(x)= -2 。 8．假定将符号变量x,y定义“x=sym(…a?);y=sym(?5?); z=sym(?2?);”，则写出下列指令的运行结果： y+z ans= 7 ; x^z-y ans= a^2-5 ; 9．(超纲)MA TLAB中的读图像的函数是imread ；显示图像的函数是：imshow 。 10．MATLAB中，特殊变量…nargin?表示在函数体内判断输入变量个数；…nargout?表示在函数体内输出参数的个数。 ？11. 产生3行4列均值为1，方差为2的正态随机矩阵的命令是a=_____1+sqrt(2)*randn （3，4）_______。 12 w=[zeros(3,1) ,ones(1,3)?] 的结果是。 二、简答题（20,每题5分） 1. 用结构体矩阵来存储5名学生的基本情况数据，每名学生的数据包括学号、姓名、专业和5门课成绩？ 答：程序设计：
2015中南大学考博英语经典阅读：An educationin finance 国庆长假，育明考博考博小编为同学们收集整理了经典阅读资料并附有例句解析，希望育明考博考博伴随同学们共度国庆，复习的更加顺利!联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 An educationin finance Less well known is the increasing willingness of colleges to borrowin the markets,too.On May15th,for example,Cornell University sold$250m-worth of bonds.In recent weeks both Harvard and the University of Texashave also raised hundreds of millions of dollars in this way. Such debt-raising is becoming more common.There are abundantreasons to believe that the market will grow much bigger yet. Largely this is because colleges are only belatedly becoming awareof how useful the financial markets can be.No doubt some of their hesitationhas been cultural:academics may have been reluctant to look at theiruniversities as businesses;or they may have misunderstood what was needed tohelp those businesses grow. If they did look at their institutions in economic terms,people ineducation tended not to think that universities lacked capital.Rather,theythought that they had a structural inability to use capital and labour moreefficiently.Unlike the car industry,many schools felt that they mustmaintain,or even increase,the ratio of employees(teachers)to customers(students).Small class sizes are taken as a signal of high quality,soinvesting money to save on teachers’salaries is not anattractive strategy. Schools had other reservations as well.Poor schools were worriedabout being unable to service debt.Rich schools with huge endowments may haveseen no need. So much for an academic perspective.A growing number of investorssaw
Problem 1. Answers: 1. 216v i j =+ ; 8a j = ; 7.13?.(cos a v av θ?= ) 2. 1/3(3/)f t v k = 3. a-e, b-d, c-f. 4. [d]: 222x y L +=, 0dx dy x y dt dt += dx v dt =, B dy v dt =, 0B xv yv +=, cot B x v v v y θ== 5. (a)32(102)3 t r i t t j =+- , (Answer) (b) 912r i j =+ , (3)(0)343 avg r r v i j -= =+ , (Answer) (3)(0)343 avg v v a i j -==- (Answer) (c) 92v i j =- 2tan 9 y x v v θ==-, 12.5θ=- (Answer) 6. Solution: From the definition of acceleration for a straight line motion dv a dt =, and the given condition a =- dv dt -= . Apply chain rule to d v /d t , the equation can be rewritten as d v d x d v v d x d t d x -= = Separating the variables gives v k d x =- Take definite integration for both sides of the equation with initial conditions, we have x v d v k d x =-? ?, or 3/2 023x v k = (Answer)
中南大学考试试卷(A)参考答案2010-2011 学年下学期期末考试试题时间100分钟 新闻英语课程 32 学时 2学分考试形式：闭卷 专业年级：非英语专业2009级总分100分，占总评成绩 70% Part I. Translation from English into Chinese 20% 1.亚太经济合作组织 2. 20国集团 3. 欧盟 4. 世界知识产权组织 5. 石油输出国组织 6. 世界贸易组织 7. 世界银行 8. 世界卫生组织 9. 国际货币基金组织10. 博鳌亚洲论坛 Part II. Translation from Chinese into English20% 1. pension insurance https://www.doczj.com/doc/c53021147.html,fortably-off level, well-off level ,well-to-do level 3. China hand 4. red-carpet welcome 5. corruption reporting center 6. economic sanction 7. housing reform 8. news conference 9. peace-keeping force 10. racial discrimination Part III. Blank filling 20% 1.powered 2. pumps 3. faced 4. irrigation 5. stream 6. square 7. average 8. per 9. traditional 10. fuels Part IV. Dictation20% Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same. Earlier findings showed that happiness, obesity and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts. Part V. Short Answer Questions 20% 1. The World Health Organization 2. It shortens. 3. Sleeping sickness 4. The central nervous system 5. It kills.
中南大学考试试卷 2009 2010 学年二学期时间100分钟 物理化学（下）课程32学时2学分考试形式：闭卷 专业年级：粉体、材化、应化、化工、制药、无机、矿物08级总分100 分，占总评成绩 70 % 注：此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上 一、单选题（每题2分，共20分） 1. 反应 2A — B + C 由多个基元反应所构成，且速率方程具有幂函数形式。对该反应，下列说法中正确的是（） （A）单分子反应（B）双分子反应（C）二级反应（D）n级反应 2. 两个一级平行反应：⑴和⑵，已知反应⑴的活化能E1大于反应⑵的活化能E2，以下哪一种措施不能改变获得B 和C的比例？（） （A）提高反应温度（B）延长反应时间（C）加入适当的催化剂（D）降低反应温度3. 下列针对催化反应的描述，不正确的是( ) （A）催化剂能改变反应的途径（B）催化剂能改变反应的速率
（C）催化剂能改变反应的理论产率（D）反应后催化剂的量不会改变 4. 在298K下，含有下列离子的无限稀释的溶液中，离子摩尔电导率最大的是（） （A）3+（B）2+（C）（D）5. 在下列因素中，与电解质溶液中离子淌度无关的是（） （A）压强（B）温度（C）电场强度（D）溶液浓度 6. 与参与电极反应某组分活度无关的是（） （A）电极电势（B）标准电极电势（C）液接电势（D）超电势 7. 下列与极化现象无关的物理量是（） （A）分解电压（B）理论分解电压（C）析出电势（D）极限扩散电流 8. 一般不会产生吸附现象的界面是（） （A）固-液界面（B）固-气界面（C）固-固界面（D）液-气界面
9. 胶体的(丁铎尔）效应产生原因是（） （A）光折射（B）光散射（C）光吸收（D）光激发 10.溶胶的电学性质是由于胶粒带电所致，下列现象中不属于溶胶电学性质的是（） （A）布朗运动（B）电泳（C）电渗（D）沉降电势 二、填空题（每题2分，共20分） 1. 强电解质溶液的摩尔电导率随浓度增加而。(填“增加”，“减小”或“不变”) 2. 浓度为0.1·1的溶液中，和的离子迁移数的关系为t t。(填“>”，“<”或“=”) 3. 电极极化的结果是使阳极的电极电势更，阴极的电极电势更。(填“正”或“负”) 4. 表面活性剂是能使水的表面张力的物质。 5. 按表面张力的大小顺序排列下面四种液体：汞，苯，蒸馏水，食盐水。表面张力从大到小顺序排列为：。 6. 298K下，有如下两个反应均为(s) + 2+(a2) 2 (a1) 的电池： ⑴ (s) | (a1) (a1), 2+(a2) | ，， ⑵ (s) | 2+(a2) (a1), 2+(a2) | ，，
1 ---○---○--- ---○---○--- ……… 评卷密封线…………… 密封线内不要答题， 密封线外不准填写考生信息，违者考试成绩按0分处理…………… 评卷密封………线 ……… 中南大学考试试卷 2012 ~2013 学年一学期 大学物理 C 课程 时间100分钟 72学时，4.5学分，闭卷，总分100分，占总评成绩 70 % 一、选择题（共24分，每小题3分） 1．物体沿一闭合路径运动，经t ?时间后回到出发点A ，如 图所示，初速度1v ，末速度2v ，且12v v =，则在t ?时间内其 平均速度 v 与平均加速度a 分别为 （A ）v =0，a =0 （B ）v =0，a ≠0 （C ）v ≠0，a ≠ （D ）v ≠0，a =0 [ ] 2．一个质点作简谐振动，振幅为A ，在起始时刻质点的位移为A 2 1 - ，且向x 轴的正方向运动，代表此简谐振动的旋转矢量图为 [ ]
2 3．一简谐波沿x 轴正方向传播，4 T t = 时的波形曲线如图所示，若振动以余弦函数表示，且此题各点振动的初相位取-π 到π 之间的值，则 (A) O 点的初相为00=φ (B) 1点的初相为π- =2 1 1φ (C) 2点的初相为π=2φ (D) 3点的初相为π- =2 1 3φ [ ] 4．1P 、2P 与3P 三个偏振片堆叠在一起，1P 与3P 的偏振化方向相互垂直，2P 与1P 的偏振化方向间的夹角为30°。强度为0I 的自然光垂直入射于偏振片1P ，并依次透过偏振片 1P 、2P 与3P ，则通过三个偏振片后的光强为 （A ） 4 I （B ）830I （C ）3230I （D ）16 0I [ ] 5．折射率为1.5的平凸薄透镜，其曲率半径为10cm ，则在空气中焦距为 （A ）10cm （B ）15cm （C ）20cm （D ）25cm [ ] 6．一肥皂泡直径为5cm ，表面张力系数为2 105.2-?N ·m -1 ，泡内压强比大气压p （A ）大4pa （B ） 小4pa （C ）大2pa （D ） 小2pa [ ]
中南大学考试试卷 20XX年第2学期,考试时间110分钟 人工智能课程48学时，3学分，考试形式：开卷 专业年级：计算机03级总分100分，占总评成绩70 % 注：此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上 一、选择题（共20分，每题2分） 1、消解原理是一种用于 A、表达式变换的推理规则 B、变量运算的推理规则 C、一定的子句公式的推理规则 D 、规则演绎的推理规则 2、下列哪个系统属于新型专家系统？ A、多媒体专家系统 B、实时专家系统 C、军事专家系统 D、分布式专家系统 3、示例学习属于下列哪种学习方法？ A. 解释学习 B. 归纳学习 C. 类比学习 D. 机械学习 4、不属于神经网络常用学习算法的是： A.有师学习 B.增强学习 C.观察与发现学习 D.无师学习 5、人工智能应用研究的两个最重要最广泛领域为： A. 专家系统、自动规划 B. 专家系统、机器学习 C. 机器学习、智能控制 D. 机器学习、自然语言理解 6、下列搜索方法中不属于盲目搜索的是： A. 等代价搜索 B.宽度优先搜索 C.深度优先搜索 D.有序搜索 7、被认为是人工智能“元年”的时间应为： A、1948年 B、1946年 C、1956年 D、1961年 8、被誉为国际“人工智能之父”的是： A、图灵（Turing） B、费根鲍姆（Feigenbaum） C、傅京孙（K.S.Fu） D、尼尔逊（Nilsson） 9、语义网络的组成部分为： A、框架和弧线 B、状态和算符 C、节点和链 D、槽和值 10、尽管人工智能学术界出现“百家争鸣”的局面，但是，当前国际人工智能的主流派仍属于：
A、连接主义 B、符号主义 C、行为主义 D、经验主义 二、填空题（共20分，每一填空处1分） 1、机器学习系统由____________、____________、____________和____________几部分构成。 2、人工智能是计算机科学中涉及研究、设计和应用____________的一个分支，它的近期目标在于研究用机器来____________的某些智力功能。 3、规则演绎系统根据推理方向可分为____________、____________以及____________等。 4、计算智能是人工智能研究的新内容，涉及____________、____________和____________等。 5、启发式搜索是一种利用____________信息的搜索，估价函数在搜索过程中起的作用是________________________。 6、模糊判决的常用方法有____________、____________、____________和____________等。 7、在与或图中，没有后裔的非终叶节点为不可解节点，那么含有或后继节点且后裔中至少有一个为可解的非终叶节点是____________，含有与后继节点且后裔中至少有一个为不可解的非终叶节点是____________。 三、回答下列问题（共60分） 1、（10分）当前人工智能有哪些学派？他们对人工智能在理论上有何不同观？ 2、（10分）请说明神经元的基本结构和前馈型神经网络的工作过程。 3、（10分）试说明产生式系统的基本结构，各部分的功能以及主要工作过程。 4、（10分）专家系统包括那些基本部份?每一部分的主要功能是什么? 5、（10分）某单位派遣出国人员，有赵、钱、孙三位候选人，经讨论后决定： （1）三人中至少派遣一人。 （2）如果赵去而钱不去，则一定派孙去。 （3）如果钱去，则一定派孙去。 求证：一定会派孙出国。 设用P(x)表示派x出国，zhao、qian、sun分别表示三人，将已知条件与目标用谓词公式正确的表示出来，并用消解反演进行证明。 6、（10分）对于八数码难题按下式定义估价函数： f(x)=d(x)+h(x) 其中，d(x)为节点x的深度；h(x)是所有棋子偏离目标位置的曼哈顿距离（棋子偏离目标位置的水平距离和垂直距离和），例如下图所示的初始状态S0：8的曼哈顿距离为2；2的曼哈顿距离为1；1的曼哈顿距离为1；6的曼哈顿距离为1；h(S0)= 5。 初始状态（S0） （ 1）用A*搜索法搜索目标，列出头三步搜索中的OPEN、CLOSED表的内容和当前扩展节点的f值。（2）画出搜索树和当前扩展节点的f值。
中南大学考试试卷 2011年第2学期,考试时间110分钟 人工智能课程48学时，3学分，考试形式：开卷 专业年级：计算机11级总分100分，占总评成绩70 % 注：此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上 一、选择题（共20分，每题2分） 1、消解原理是一种用于 A、表达式变换的推理规则 B、变量运算的推理规则 C、一定的子句公式的推理规则 D 、规则演绎的推理规则 2、下列哪个系统属于新型专家系统？ A、多媒体专家系统 B、实时专家系统 C、军事专家系统 D、分布式专家系统 3、示例学习属于下列哪种学习方法？ A. 解释学习 B. 归纳学习 C. 类比学习 D. 机械学习 4、不属于神经网络常用学习算法的是： A. 有师学习 B. 增强学习 C. 观察与发现学习 D. 无师学习 5、人工智能应用研究的两个最重要最广泛领域为： A. 专家系统、自动规划 B. 专家系统、机器学习 C. 机器学习、智能控制 D. 机器学习、自然语言理解 6、下列搜索方法中不属于盲目搜索的是： A. 等代价搜索 B. 宽度优先搜索 C. 深度优先搜索 D. 有序搜索 7、被认为是人工智能“元年”的时间应为： A、1948年 B、1946年 C、1956年 D、1961年 8、被誉为国际“人工智能之父”的是： A、图灵（Turing） B、费根鲍姆（Feigenbaum） C、傅京孙（K.S.Fu） D、尼尔逊（Nilsson） 9、语义网络的组成部分为： A、框架和弧线 B、状态和算符 C、节点和链 D、槽和值 10、尽管人工智能学术界出现“百家争鸣”的局面，但是，当前国际人工智能的主流派仍属于：
English Test for Doctoral Candidates （A卷） Dec. 28, 2008 Part I Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center. 1. A. Touch all his friends. B. Write a lot. C. Have a lot of time. D. Have a lot of friends. 2. A. To work for a small company. B. To start a large company. C. To be independent. D. To graduate. 3. A. Buy a new car. B. Go to a new store. C. Find a new repair shop. D. Take a different bus. 4. A. 36 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 12 dollars. D. 4 dollars. 5. A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours. D. Four hours. 6. A. Perston's sister is going abroad. B. The man is probably reading a newspaper. C. The news today is very unusual. D. The Prime Minister is warmly welcomed. 7. A. She likes Mexican food. B. She expected a better dinner. C. The dinner was expensive. D. She enjoyed the food more than the man did. 8. A. 6 hours. B. 1 hour. C. 10 hours.
1 ---○---○--- ---○---○--- ……… 评卷密封线…………… 密封线内不要答题，密封线外不准填写考生信息，违者考试成绩按0分处理…………… 评卷密封………线 ……… 中南大学考试试卷 2012 ~2013 学年二学期 大学物理 C 课程 时间100分钟 72学时，4.5学分，闭卷，总分100分，占总评成绩 70 % 一、选择题（共24分，每小题3分） 1．设质点沿X 轴作简谐运动，用余弦函数表示，振幅为A ，当t =0时，质点过0x A =-处且向X 轴正向运动，则其初相位为 （A ）4/π； （B ）4/3π； （C ） 4/5π； （D ）4/7π。 [ ] 2．一平面简谐波在弹性媒质中传播时，某一时刻在传播方向上媒质中某质元在负的最大位移处，则它的能量是 （A ）动能为零，势能最大； （B ）动能为零，势能最零； （C ）动能最大，势能最大； （D ）动能最大，势能为零。[ ] 3．以布儒斯特角由空气入射到一玻璃表面上的自然光，反射光是 （A ）在入射面内振动的完全偏振光； （B ）平行于入射面的振动占优势的部分偏振光； （C ）垂直于入射面振动的完全偏振光； （D ）垂直于入射面的振动占优势的部分偏振光。 [ ] 4．质量一定的理想气体，从相同状态出发，分别经历等温过程、等压过程和绝热过程，使其体积增加一倍，那么气体对外所做的功在 （A ）绝热过程最大，等压过程最小；（B ）绝热过程最大，等温过程最小； （C ）绝热过程最小，等压过程最大；（D ）等压过程最大，等温过程最小。 [ ]
2 5．高斯定理??∑=S q S E 01d .ε ，说明了静电场的哪些性质 (1) 电场线不是闭合曲线 (2) 库仑力是保守力 (3) 静电场是有源场 (4) 静电场是保守场 (A) (1)(3) (B) (2)(3) (C) (1)(2) (D) (1)(4) [ ] 6．如图所示，半圆形线圈半径为R ，通有电流I ，在磁场B 的作 用下从图示位置转过30?时，它所受的磁力矩的大小和方向分别为： （A ）4/2IB R π，沿图面竖直向下； （B ）4/2IB R π，沿图面竖直向上； （C ）4/32IB R π，沿图面竖直向下； （D ）4/32IB R π，沿图面竖直向上。 [ ] 7．导体棒AB 在均匀磁场B 中绕通过C 点的垂直 于棒长且沿磁场方向的轴O O '转动（角速度与磁场同方 向），BC 的长度为棒长的三分之一，则 （A ）A 点比B 点电势高； （B ）A 点与B 点电势相等； （C ）A 点比B 点电势低； （D ）有稳定电流从A 点流向B 点。 [ ] 8．波函数),(t r ψ的物理意义，在下列表述中正确的是 （A ）),(t r ψ是t 时刻粒子出现在r 处的几率； （B ）),(t r ψ是t 时刻粒子出现在r 处的几率密度； （C ）),(t r ψ无直接的物理意义，2),(t r ψ是t 时刻粒子出现在r 处的几率密度； （D ）2),(t r ψ是t 时刻粒子出现在r 处的几率。 [ ]
中南大学2015考博英语：高分经验阶梯复习方法分享考博是一个系统的学习、复习提高的过程。在这个漫长的复习过程中，你应该制定一个科学可行的复习方案，按部就班的踏实完成，才有可能将复习坚持到底，并达到卓有成效的目的。关于考博英语的复习，一千个人就有一千个方法，只要肯做方法便无穷。我认为英语是个积累性很强的学科，如果想要在有限的时间里提高英语成绩，前提就是要分阶段、分梯度，循序渐进的进行复习。当然，这个过程中，也应该根据自己的复习情况，对计划有针对性的调整。下面育明考博考博的小编就给大家分享下考博英语阶梯复习方法。联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 一、第一阶段：从基础入手 这个复习阶段在我的全程复习中，大约占到了3个月的时间。主攻的方向为单词和长难句。单词是提高英语的基础;而长难句考查的主要是语法知识，它是考博英语和其他各类英语考试最大区别。 词汇量是考博英语阅读能力和写作能力提高的根本。词汇复习需要你制定一个详尽复习计划，忌好高骛远，要注重循序渐进的反复及“消化”过程。对于重点词汇及同义词、反义词、派生词等区别、用法，要侧重记忆。 育明考博考博英语辅导老师根据多年的教学经验，为大家这部分的复习提出以下的建议： 1)词汇复习书籍的选择。建议你应该依据个人学习习惯和记忆模式去挑选资料。例如，如果你习惯快速记背，遗忘规律遵循的时间较短，建议你选择全都是词汇的小册子作为第一轮单词复习的首选。但是，无论你的记忆模式是怎样的，一定要认真的背完一遍。 2)找一本比较权威全面的语法书。这样的资料容易帮助你重温各种语法的基本结构。阅读和翻译中的长难句，是由各种简单结构组合而成的，所以
一、选择题（每题2分，共24分） 1. 下列关于连串反应的各种说法中正确的是 ( ) (A) 连串反应进行时，中间产物的浓度一定会出现极大值 (B) 连串反应的中间产物的净生成速率等于零 (C) 所有连串反应都可以用稳态近似法处理 (D ) 在不考虑可逆反应时，达到稳定态的连串反应受最慢的基元步骤控制 2．某反应，无论作用物的初始浓度是多少，在相同时间和温度条件下，无论作用物的消耗浓 度为定值，则该反应是 ( ) (A) 负级数反应 (B ) 零级反应 (C) 一级反应 (D) 二级反应 3. 下列关于催化剂的说法不正确的是 ( ) (A) 催化剂不改变反应热 (B) 催化剂不改变化学平衡 (C ) 催化剂不参与化学反应 (D) 催化剂具有选择性 4. 若向摩尔电导率为1.4×10-2S·m 2·mol -1的CuSO 4水溶液加入1 m 3的纯水，则稀释后CuSO 4 水溶液的摩尔电导率将 ( ) (A) 降低 (B ) 增高 (C) 不变 (D) 不确定 5．电极电势可以改变电极反应速率，其直接原因是改变了 ( ) (A ) 反应的活化能 (B) 电极过程的超电势 (C) 活性粒子的化学势 (D) 电极-溶液界面的双电层 6．当电流通过电池时，电极将发生极化。当电流密度增大时，通常将发生( ) (A) 原电池的正极电势增高 (B ) 原电池的负极电势增高 (C) 电解池的阳极电势减少 (D) 无法判断 7. 已知V 0360Fe Fe 3./-=Θ+E ，V 771023Fe Fe ./=Θ++E ，则Θ+Fe Fe 2/E 等于 ( ) (A) 0.735V (B) 0.807V (C ) －0.44 V (D) －0.699 V 8．下列电池中，哪个电池的反应为H + + OH - === H 2O ( ) (A) Pt, H 2(g) | H + (aq) || OH -(aq) | O 2(g), Pt (B) Pt, H 2(g) | NaOH (aq) | O 2(g), Pt (C ) Pt, H 2(g) | NaOH (aq) || HCl (aq) | H 2(g), Pt (D) Pt, H 2(g,p 1) | H 2O (l) | H 2(g, p 2), Pt 9．Langmuir 吸附等温式有很多种形式，而最常见的是bp bp +=1θ，但它不适用于( ) (A ) 多种分子同时被强吸附 (B) 单分子层吸附 (C) 物理吸附 (D) 化学吸附 10．弯曲液面所产生的附加压强一定 ( ) (A) 等于零 (B ) 不等于零 (C) 大于零 (D) 小于零 11．溶胶与高分子溶液的主要区别在于 ( ) (A) 分散相粒子大小不同 (B) 渗透压不同 (C) 外观颜色不同 (D ) 相状态和热力学稳定性不同 12. 下列关于电泳现象的各种阐述中正确的是 ( ) (A ) 电泳和电解没有本质区别 (B) 外加电解质对电泳的影响很小 (C) 胶粒的电泳速度与一般离子的电迁移速度差别很大 (D) 胶粒的电泳速度外加电场的电位梯度无关 二、填空题（共16分） 1. (3分) 链反应是由链的 引发 、链的 传递 和链的 终止 三个基本 步骤构成的。 2. (1分) 反应速率与体系中各物质浓度标度的选择 。(填“有关”或“无关”) 3. (1分) 对两个不同的化学反应而言，升高温度，活化能大的反应的速率常数的增加量比活化 能小的反应的速率常数的增加量 。(填“大”或“小”)