GMAT经济词汇

经济类词汇1.人民币升值 appreciation of the RMB2.贬值devalue, devaluate, depreciate (of acurrency)3.贸易顺差 trade surplus favorable balance4.贸易逆差 trade deficit adverse balance oftrade5.反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…国际收支6.balance of international payments/ balance ofpayment7.出口补贴 export subsidy8.市场准入 market access9.国民待遇 national treatment10.socialist economy 社会主义经济11.capitalist economy 资本主义经济12.collective economy 集体经济13.planned economy 计划经济14.monetary policy 货币政策15.稳健的货币政策 A prudent monetary policy；Astable monetary policy was carried out16.从紧的货币政策 adopt tight monetary policy17.fiscal policy 财政政策18.积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策proactivefiscal policy and a prudent19.protectionism 保护主义20.public sector 公共部门,公共成分21.economic balance 经济平衡22.economic stability 经济稳定23.economic depression 经济衰退24.trust 托拉斯25.cartel 卡特尔26.rate of growth 增长27.standard of living 生活标准,生活水平28.infrastructure 基本建设29.stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气30.fixed assets 固定资产31.real estate 不动产,房地产32.purchasing power, buying power 购买力33.reserve fund 准备金34.current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)35.exchange rate 汇率,兑换率36.foreign exchange 外汇37.floating exchange rate 浮动汇率38.free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场39.domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币40.rate of interest 利率41.discount 贴现,折扣42.rediscount 再贴现43.Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距44.Eliminate poverty 消除贫困mon prosperity 共同富裕46.speculation 投机47.capital flight 资本外逃Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展48.drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴49.Sustained, rapid and sound economic development持续，快速和健康的经济发展50.National economic budget 国民经济预算51.Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济52.Mature market economy 成熟市场经济53.Market economy country 市场经济国家54.Extensive economy 粗放型经济55.Intensive economy 集约型经济56.Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为57.mode into intensive one 集约型经济58.prosperous 经济繁荣的关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN （most-favored-nation) treatment争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Govern ing the Settlement of Disputes)《北美自由贸易协定》 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定） ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) （补贴协议）可诉补贴 actionable subsidy上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level(欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy规避 circumvention反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology) 出口实绩 export performance 粮食安全 food security免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施 grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度） HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 进口许可 import licensing进口渗透 import penetration最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights)最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries)当地含量 local content专门的营销机构 market boards(服务贸易)自然人 national person(利益的)丧失和减损 nullification and impairment (争端解决)专家组 panel(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款 peace clause 诸边协议 plurilateral agreement(服务贸易)自然人流动 presence of natural person 生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption慢性萧条 chronic depression进口环节税 import linkage tax北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)全球配额 global quota祖父条款 grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger垂直兼并 vertical merger垃圾融资 junk financing申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) economist 经济学家controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门economic channels 经济渠道economic fluctuation 经济波动economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势scarcity 短缺underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Mixed economy 混合经济economic system 经济体系planned economy 计划经济marked economy 市场经济market-oriented economy 市场导向型经济market cycle 市场周期market demand 市场需求state-owned business 国有经济industrialization 工业化home market 国内市场red-hot economy 白热化经济globalization 全球化global inflation 全球通货膨胀multinational corporation 跨国公司stock price 股票价格venture investment 风险投资borker 经纪人stakeholder 股东economic puppet 经济傀儡credit card 信用卡competitive price 竞争价格retail price 零售价commodity price 物价steer the economy to a soft landing 经济软着陆devalue 贬值interest rate 利率capital 资金资本intellectual property 知识产权infrastructure 基础设施treasury 国库财政部patent office 专利局。

经济类英语词汇不景气 slump 〔衰退 recession〕二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares部股〔非上市招股〕 private company shares牛市 bull market法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk供应学派 supply-side economist第一产业〔农业〕 agriculture (primary industry)第二产业〔工业〕 manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业〔效劳业〕 service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国生产总值 GDP gross domestic product 〔商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出〕国民生产总值 GNP gross national product〔商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出〕人均国生产总值 GDP per capita宏观经济 macro economy互助基金 mutual fund扩大需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款 collateralised loans住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan货币主义者 monetarist计划经济 planned economy指令性计划 mandatory plan技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing流动性风险 liquidity risk操作风险 operational risk部审计 internal audit抛售 bear sales配套政策 supporting policies中国人民银行〔中央银行〕The People’s Bank of China〔central bank〕四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China〔〕and中国建立银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares实际增长率 growth rate in real terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index 〔RPI〕生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for living expenses扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款residents’ bank s avings deposit恩格尔系数〔食品开支占总支出的比例〕 Engel coefficient基尼系数〔衡量地区差异〕 Gini coefficient购置力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) 〔衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比拟两种货币各自的国购置力〕片面追求开展速度 excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation实体经济 the real economy经济规律 laws of economics市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive市场风险 market risk收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch加强国有商业银行部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业〔中外合资、中外合作、外商独资〕 overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures,Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation吸收游资 absorb idle fund经常性贷款 commercial lending经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规和开展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数 composite index纳斯达克〔高技术企业板〕 NASDAQ 〔National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board通货紧缩 deflation中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购置力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革intensify reform; deepen one’s commit ment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes债转股 debt-to-equity swap头寸宽裕〔头寸紧缺〕 in an easy position (tight position)产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization放松银根 to ease monetary policy信息经济 IT economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy信息时代 information age全球化 globalization 〔全球性globality〕信誉风险 reputational risk风险评级 risk rating到期不还贷 default on a loan资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资〔贷款〕组合 investment (loan) portfolio外汇储藏充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良贷款 non-performing loans防和化解金融风险 address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会 supervisory board实行慎重会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies别离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale规金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行 state policy-related bank国家开展银行 State Development Bank知识经济 knowledge-based economy网络经济 Internet-based networked economy指导性计划 guidance plan社会主义市场经济〔中国〕 socialist market economy社会市场经济〔德国〕 social market economy新经济〔美国〕 new economy中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision中国人民银行法Law of the People’s Bank of China商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks保险法 Law of Insurance证券法 Law of Securities巴塞尔原那么 Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of superv ised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention事前监管 proactive regulation and supervisionaccount number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a check 兑付to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'Indo Chine 汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司〔贴现公司〕neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建立银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXI MBA NK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购置力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接〔对角〕套汇indirect exchange 间接〔三角〕套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储藏foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储藏money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税那么specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者proprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行securities 证券premium 溢价share capital 股本composite index 综合指数capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购underwriter承销商road show 路演primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 蓝筹股gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户broker/dealer 券商insider trading/dealing 幕交易prospectus招股说明书merger and acquisition收购兼并warrant 认股权证raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips红筹股junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券financing 融资(编辑：admin)21/ 21。

名词+ie …小的doggie小狗狗cattie小猫咪经济类词汇逻辑：moneycurrency货币currently adv. 当前，现在cash现金coin硬币banknote纸币credit card信用卡E-money电子货币check支票change零钱keep the change！不用找钱了！tips小费income收入←→outcome结果、产出input投入←→output产出interest利息（兴趣）ratefortune 财富→财/命fortunately adv.幸运的moola 金钱（俚语）BankBankrupt 破产rupt——破裂，撕裂deposit 存钱de——往下pos——放withdraw取draw——拉出来drawer抽屉drawback往回拉The game has come to a draw平局white hot! 白热化loan贷款mortgage抵押loan贷款ATM automatic teller machine自动取款机；自动柜员机公司businessprofit利润←→loss losebalance平衡budget预算benefit红利account账户stock price/share price 股票价格shareholder股东rise上升/rocket疯长slump/drop 下降、下跌/fall down个人salary/wage（周薪）工资→salt盐annual adj.年度的income tax收入所得税salary→packagev.pack pack it up打包medical insurance医疗保险pension养老金unemployment insurance失业保险housing fund住房公积金social insurance社保finance policy财经政策monetary policy货币政策inflation通胀deflation紧缩market市场customer顾客custom传统producer生产商market-oriented economy市场经济economy经济bargain讨价还价discount折扣20% discount 8折==20% offon sale在打折销售soft landing软着陆steering n.掌舵brakes n.刹车Nothing could be further from the truth. 没有…….离真理更远了(前面的论述纯扯淡)委婉表示法I couldn’t love you more.爱的不要不要。

关于经济的英语单词令狐采学rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 呵护主义autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部分public sector 公共部分,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济摆荡economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济恢复understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 充足stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发财underdeveloped 不发财的developing 成长中的国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macrocontrol优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改良经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 nonpublic sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 familycontract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使承担 be saddled with营业发财的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤失落 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment成长过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分派形式 forms of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基来源根基则（1）社会主义路途（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持变革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinalprinciples adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people'sdemocratic dictatorship and to MarxismLeninism and Mao Zedong Thought and persisting inreform and opening.变革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我成长”。

经济学常用英语单词Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 酉己置allocation of resources 资源配置alloca tive efficiency 酉己置效率anti trust legislation反托拉斯法arc elasticity弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理As sump tion 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost平均成本average cost pricing平均成本定价法average fixed cost平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均口J变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint预算约束budget line预算线budget set预算集capital 资本capital stock资本存量capital output ratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption 其他条件“不变” 的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem科斯定理Cobb 一Douglas production function 柯布 --道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议丄资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品牢间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量compe tit ion 竞争competitive marke t 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer消费者consumer behavior 消费者彳亍为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium消费者均衡consumeroptimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve契约曲线convex凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporation 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function成本函数cost minimization成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 占诺均衡Cournot model古诺模型Cross一price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead 一weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal retiini 收益递减diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减direct approach直接法direct taxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents经济行为者economic cost经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent经济租金exchange 交换economics经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources资源禀赋Engel curve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity均衡产量eqity公平equivale nt varia tion in income 收入等价变量excess——capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence存在性existence of general equilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 夕卜生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditute 支出explicit cost显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性Factor要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm企业firms ' demand curve for labo 企:r 业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视firs t 一order cond it ion —阶条件fixed costs固定成本fixed input固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry自由进入free goods自由品,免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory对策论、博弈论general equ订ibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则goods货物governmentfailure 政府失贝攵government regulation 政府调控grand ut订ity poss让ility curve总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿H heterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks一kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯- 尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income dis trib ut ion 收入分酉己income effect收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industty 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率index number 扌旨数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable引致变量induction归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input 一output 投入一产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance保险intercept截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 夕卜部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand看不见的手isocost line等成本线，isoprofit curve等利润曲线isoquant curve等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded 一demand curve弯折的需求曲线labour劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire自由放任Lagrangian function拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数,land 土地law法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替彳弋率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price单一价格法则leader 一follower model领导者--跟随者模型least —cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run 长期long run average cost长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化lump sum tax 一次性征税luxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of labour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal :returns 边际回扌艮marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market市场market clearance市场结清，市场洗清market demand市场需求market economy 市场经济market equ订ibrium市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Mdtshdllidn demand function马歇尔需求函数maximization极大化microeconomics微观经济学minimum wage最低丄资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinear pricing非线性定价nonrivalty非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non—— zero ―sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal pro fit 正常利润normative economics规范经济学objective function 目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源酉己置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) 补会)偏女子排序preference ( ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产岀极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全彳介格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic完全无弹性plant size工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply供给价格弹性price floor最低限价price makei'价格制定者price rigidity价格刚性price seeker价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax从价税private benefit私人收益principal 一age nt issues 委托 -- 代理问题private cos t 私人成本private goods私人用品private property私人财产producer equi.1 ibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve生产可能性曲线productivity生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits公共收益public choice公共选择public goods公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly纯粹垄断Qquantity 一adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi —rent准租金R rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale规模报酬revealed preference显不性偏好revenue收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function收益函数revenue maximization收益极大化ridge line脊线risk风险S satiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second 一degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second 一order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set集shadow prices影子价格short 一run 短期short —run cost curve短期成本曲线short 一run equilibrium 短期均衡short 一run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function社会福利函数socialism社会主义solution 解space空间stability稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis静态分析stock存量stock market股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third 一degree price discrimina tion to tai cos t 总成本total effec t 总效应total expenditure总支出total fixed cost总固定成本total product总产量total 第三级价格歧视revenue总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty不确定性uniqueness 唯一,性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用ut订ity function效用函数utility index效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier效用可能性前沿VValue价值value judge价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入vatiables 变量vector向量visible hand看得见的手vulgur economics庸俗经济学Wwage丄资wage rate丄资率Walras general equi.1 ibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras5 s law瓦尔拉斯法则Wants需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity零阶齐次性zero economic prof it 零利润。

经济学常用英语词汇集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]经济学常用英语词汇Aaccounting?会计accountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计利润adverseselection逆向选择allocation?配置allocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧弹性Assumption?假设asymetric?information?非对称性信息average?平均averagecost平均成本averagecostpricing平均成本定价法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital资本平均产averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本averagevariablecost平均可变成本Bbarrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly双边垄断benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算budgetconstraint预算约束budgetline预算线budgetset预算集Ccapital?资本capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism?资本主义cardinalutilitytheory基数效用论cartel卡特尔ceterispuribusassumption“其他条件不变”的假设ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型changeindemand需求变化changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化changeinsupply供给变化choice?选择closedset闭集Coasetheorem科斯定理cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity商品commoditycombination商品组合commoditymarket商品市场commodityspace商品空间commonproperty公用财产comparativestaticanalysis比较静态分析compensatedbudgetline补偿预算线compensateddemandfunction补偿需求函数compensationprinciples补偿原则compensatingvariationinincome收入补偿变量 competition?竞争competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备性conditionforefficiencyinproduction生产的最优条件 concave凹concavefunction凹函数concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不变产业constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumer消费者consumerbehavior消费者行为consumerchoice消费者选择consumerequilibrium消费者均衡consumeroptimization消费者优化consumerpreference消费者偏好consumersurplus消费者剩余consumertheory消费者理论consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve消费可能曲线consumptionpossibilityfrontier消费可能性前沿consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间continuity连续性continuousfunction连续函数contractcurve契约曲线convex?凸convexfunction凸函数convexpreference?凸偏好convexset凸集corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函数costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilihrium古诺均衡Cross—priceelasticity交叉价格弹性D?dead—weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasing?returnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand?需求demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative?导数derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差异商品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税discounting?贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济disequilibrium?非均衡distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductiv ity边际生产率分配论duoupoly?双头垄断、双寡duality?对偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析dynamicmodels动态模型E?Economicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型economicprofit经济利润economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域 economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换economics?经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy?经济exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线economyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity?弹性elasticityofsubstitution?替代弹性endogenousvariable内生变量endowment禀赋endowmentofresources资源禀赋entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship?企业家才能entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envolopecurve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡条件equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excess—capacitytheorem过度生产能力定理 excesssupply过度供给exchange交换exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium?总体均衡的存在性 exogenousvariables外生变量expansionpaths扩展径expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure?支出explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy外部经济externaldiseconomy外部不经济externalities?外部性FFactor?要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给fallacyofcomposition合成谬误finalgoods最终产品firm企业firms’demandcurveforlabor企业劳动需求曲线 firm?supplycurve企业供给曲线first-degreepricediscrimination第一级价格歧视 first—ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生产函数 flow?流量fluctuation?波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品，免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车，免费搭车function?函数futurevalue未来值Ggametheory对策论、博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡generalgoods一般商品Ginicoefficient吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则goods?货物governmentfailure政府失败government?regulation?政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿H?heterogeneousproduct异质产品homogeneity齐次性homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数homogeneousproduct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说Iidentity?恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递增inefficiency?缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线indifferencemap无差异族indifferencerelation无差异关系indifferenceset无差异集indirectapproach间接法individualanalysis个量分析individualdemandcurve个人需求曲线individualdemandfunction个人需求函数inducedvariable引致变量induction归纳法industry产业industryequilibrium产业均衡industry?supplycurve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始条件initialendowment初始禀赋innovation创新input投入input—output?投入—产出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度经济学insurance?保险intercept截距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品internatizationofexternalities外部性内部化invention?发明inversedemandfunction逆需求函数investment投资invisiblehand看不见的手isocostline等成本线，isoprofitcurve等利润曲线isoquantcurve等产量曲线isoquantmap等产量族L?labour?劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任land土地law法则lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnic alsubstitution边际技术替代率lawofincreasingcost成本递增法则lawofoneprice单一价格法则leader—followermodel领导者--跟随者模型least—costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入组合 leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfunction列昂节夫生产函数 licenses许可证lineardemandfunction线性需求函数linearhomogeneity线性齐次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction线性齐次生产函数long?run长期longrunaveragecost长期平均成本longrunequilibrium长期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve长期产业供给曲线 longrunmarginalcost长期边际成本longruntotalcost长期总成本Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化1umpsumtax一次性征税luxury奢侈品M?macroeconomics?宏观经济学marginal边际的marginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率 marginalproduct边际产量marginalproductofcapital资本的边际产量marginalproductof1abour劳动的边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替代率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginalrevolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用marginalvalueproducts边际价值产品market市场marketclearance市场结清，市场洗清marketdemand市场需求marketeconomy市场经济marketequilibrium市场均衡marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构marketseparation市场分割marketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额markuppricing加减定价法maximization极大化microeconomics?微观经济学minimumwage最低工资misallocationofresources资源误置mixedeconomy混合经济model?模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly?垄断，卖方垄断monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断N?Nashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品netdemand净需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non--zero—sumgame非零和对策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学O?objectivefunction目标函数oligopoly?寡头垄断oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle消费束perfectelasticity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化orderingofoptimization(social)prefere nce(社会)偏好排序ordinalutility序数效用ordinarygoods一般品output?产量、产出outputelasticity产出弹性outputmaximization产出极大化Pparameter?参数partialderivative偏导数partialequilibrium局部均衡patent专利payoffmatrix收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceiveddemandcurve感觉到的需求曲线perfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinelastic完全无弹性plantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性positiveeconomics实证经济学prediction预测preference偏好preferencerelation偏好关系presentvalue现值price价格priceadjustmentmodel价格调整模型priceceiling最高限价priceconsumptioncurve价格费曲线pricecontrol价格管制pricedifference价格差别pricediscrimination价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求价格弹性priceelasticityofsupply供给价格弹性pricefloor最低限价pricemaker价格制定者pricerigidity价格刚性priceseeker价格搜求者pricetaker价格接受者pricetax从价税privatebenefit私人收益principal—agentissues委托--代理问题privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论product产品producttransformationcurve产品转换曲线productdifferentiation产品差异productgroup产品集团production生产productioncontractcurve生产契约曲线productionefficiency生产效率productionfunction生产函数productionpossibilitycurve生产可能性曲线productivity?生产率productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profit?利润profitfunction利润函数profitmaximization利润极大化propertyrights产权propertyrightseconomics产权经济学proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例的需求曲线publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共选择publicgoods公共商品purecompetition纯粹竞争rivalry?对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换puremonopoly纯粹垄断Q?quantity—adjustmentmodel数量调整模型quantitytax从量税quasi—rent准租金Rrateofproducttransformation产品转换率rationality理性reactionfunction反应函数regulation调节，调控relativeprice相对价格rent?租金rentcontrol规模报酬rentseeking寻租rentseekingeconomics寻租经济学resource?资源resourceallocation资源配置returns报酬、回报returnstoscale规模报酬revealedpreference显示性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲线revenuefunction收益函数revenuemaximization收益极大化ridgeline脊线risk风险S?satiation?饱和，满足 saving储蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法则second—degreepricediscrimination二级价格歧视secondderivative--阶导数second—ordercondition二阶条件service劳务set集shadowprices影子价格short—run短期short—runcostcurve短期成本曲线short—runequilibrium短期均衡short—runsupplycurve短期供给曲线shutdowndecision关闭决策shortage短缺shutdownpoint关闭点singlepricemonopoly单一定价垄断slope斜率socialbenefit社会收益socialcost社会成本socialindifferencecurve社会无差异曲线socialpreference社会偏好socialsecurity社会保障socialwelfarefunction社会福利函数socialism社会主义solution解space空间stability?稳定性stableequilibrium稳定的均衡staticanalysis静态分析stock存量stockmarket股票市场strategy?策略 subsidy?津贴substitutes?替代品substitutioneffect替代效应substitutionparameter替代参数sufficientcondition充分条件supply?供给supplycurve供给曲线supplyfunction供给函数supplyschedule供给表symmetry对称性symmetryofinformation信息对称T?tangency?相切taste?兴致technicalefficiency技术效率technologicalconstraints技术约束technologicalprogress技术进步technology技术third—degreepricediscrimination第三级价格歧视totalcost总成本totaleffect总效应totalexpenditure总支出totalfixedcost总固定成本totalproduct总产量totalrevenue总收益totalutility总效用totalvariablecost总可变成本traditionaleconomy传统经济transitivity传递性transactioncost交易费用U?uncertainty?不确定性uniqueness唯一性。

《经济学人》常用词汇总结1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。

2、逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。

3、选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。

4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。

例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。

6、平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。

也称为平均总成本。

7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。

8、平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。

9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。

10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。

对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。

11、债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。

12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。

收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。

13、预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。

经济学常用英语词汇经济学英语词汇 1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collectiveeconomy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holdingcompany 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本 initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金 frozenassets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产 capital goods 资本货物 reserve 准备金,储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds资金分配 contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金 revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金 contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金bufferfund 缓冲基金,平准基金 sinking fund 偿债基金 investment 投资,资产 investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给 bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票 crossed cheque 划线支票 traveller's cheque 旅行支票 chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书 transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no creditgiven 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill) to pay(in) cash 付现金 domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币 exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券 hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款 depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值 revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃 securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所 stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所 quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票 shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利 cash dividend 现金配股 stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 股票经纪人 stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券 share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行股票 par value 股面价格,票面价格 bull 买手, 多头 bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户 opening price 开盘 closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞 dull 盘整 ease 松弛 raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌 bond, debenture 债券 WallStreet 华尔街 3、Credit 信贷 short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan长期贷款 medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人 creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息 rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金 maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款 short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务 fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务 floating debt 流动债务 drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助 allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产 output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的 products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品 article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品 by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品 raw material 原料 supply 供应,补给 input 投入 productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩 5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用 expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本 overhead costs 营业间接成本 overheads 杂项开支,间接成本 operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用 overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用 upkeep costs, maintenancecosts 维修费用,养护费用 transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用 apportionment of expenses分摊费用 6、Profit 利润 income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益 gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益 gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额 net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入 national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率 yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税 duty 税taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收 progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税 income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准 taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人 tax collector 收税员 8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织 China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会 Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会 Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会 BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会 Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟 Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会 United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会 Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织 European Economic Community, EEC, European CommonMarket 欧洲经济共同体 European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区 Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会 Eurogroup 欧洲集团 Group of Ten 十国集团 Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟） Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场 African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场 Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织 Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区 Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心 People's Bank of China 中国人民银行 Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会 International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织 European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金 Bank for InternationalSettlements, BIS 国际结算银行 African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行 National city Bank of New York 花旗银行 American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行 The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行 UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行 Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行 Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司 La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金 UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议 Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织 EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会 Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会 Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司 New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场 Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学TopOobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化TopPparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则。

中国经济类英语热词1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值2. CPI (Consumer Price Index) 消费者价格指数3. PPI (Producer Price Index) 生产者价格指数4. Urbanization 城镇化5. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 外商直接投资6. SOEs (State-Owned Enterprises) 国有企业7. SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) 中小企业8. Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议9. RMB (Renminbi) 人民币10. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织11. BOP (Balance of Payments) 收支平衡表12. Foreign Exchange Reserves 外汇储备13. Financial Reform 金融改革14. Stock Market 股票市场15. IPO (Initial Public Offering) 首次公开发行股票16. A-share Market A股市场17. B-share Market B股市场18. NPL (Non-Performing Loan) 不良贷款19. Shadow Banking 影子银行20. Debt-to-GDP Ratio 债务占GDP比例21. P2P Lending 网络借贷22. One Child Policy 一孩政策23. Employment Rate 就业率24. Poverty Alleviation 扶贫25. Green Energy 绿色能源26. Technological Innovation 技术创新27. Internet Plus 互联网+28. E-commerce 电子商务29. Mobile Payment 移动支付30. Sharing Economy 共享经济。

经济学专业英语术语表专业简介: 经济学主要研究经济学、金融学、投资学、精算学等方面的基本知识和技能，在银行、证券、信托等金融机构进行经济分析、预测、规划、管理以及各类金融服务。

例如：债券、基金的投资前景分析，股票、投资的风险评估，汽车、房子的抵押贷款，企业破产时的资产清算等。

开设课程: 经济学主要课程：政治经济学、《资本论》、西方经济学、统计学、国际经济学、货币银行学、财政学、经济学说史、发展经济学、企业管理、市场营销、国际金融、国际贸易等1. 政治经济学 (Political Economy)术语术语术语术语术语生产力 (Productivity)生产关系 (ProductionRelations)经济制度 (EconomicSystem)社会主义市场经济(Socialist MarketEconomy)资本主义市场经济(Capitalist MarketEconomy)劳动价值论 (Labor Theory of Value)剩余价值 (SurplusValue)利润率 (Profit Rate)资本积累 (CapitalAccumulation)资本有机构成 (OrganicComposition of Capital)经济危机 (EconomicCrisis)货币 (Money)信用 (Credit)利息 (Interest)货币政策 (MonetaryPolicy)财政 (Fiscal)税收 (Taxation)政府支出 (GovernmentExpenditure)财政政策 (Fiscal Policy)公共债务 (Public Debt)国民收入 (NationalIncome)国内生产总值 (GrossDomestic Product,GDP)国民生产总值 (GrossNational Product, GNP)经济增长率 (EconomicGrowth Rate)经济发展水平 (EconomicDevelopment Level)2. 《资本论》(Capital)术语术语术语术语术语商品 (Commodity)使用价值 (Use Value)交换价值 (ExchangeValue)商品拜物教(CommodityFetishism)商品流通形式 (Forms ofCommodity Circulation)简单商品流通 (Simple Commodity Circulation)货币商品流通 (MoneyCommodityCirculation)货币转化为资本(Money Transformedinto Capital)资本循环过程(Circuit of Capital)资本周转时间 (TurnoverTime of Capital)不变资本 (ConstantCapital)变动资本 (VariableCapital)剩余价值率 (Rate ofSurplus Value)剥削率 (Rate ofExploitation)绝对剩余价值生产方式(Absolute Surplus ValueProduction Method)相对剩余价值生产方式(Relative Surplus Value Production Method)简单再生产(SimpleReproduction)扩大再生产(ExpandedReproduction)生产部门(Department ofProduction)消费部门(Department ofConsumption)资本主义生产方式(Capitalist Mode of Production)资本主义生产关系(Capitalist ProductionRelations)资本主义经济规律(Capitalist EconomicLaws)资本主义经济危机(Capitalist EconomicCrisis)资本主义的历史趋势(Historical Trend ofCapitalism)3. 西方经济学 (Western Economics)术语术语术语术语术语微观经济学(Microeconomics)宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)经济学方法论(EconomicMethodology)经济学思想史 (Historyof Economic Thought)经济学流派 (Schools ofEconomics)边际分析 (MarginalAnalysis)需求 (Demand)供给 (Supply)市场均衡 (MarketEquilibrium)弹性 (Elasticity)消费者行为(Consumer Behavior)效用 (Utility)预算约束 (BudgetConstraint)消费者选择(Consumer Choice)消费者剩余 (ConsumerSurplus)生产者行为 (ProducerBehavior)生产函数 (ProductionFunction)成本函数 (CostFunction)收益函数 (RevenueFunction)利润最大化 (ProfitMaximization)市场结构 (Market Structure)完全竞争市场 (PerfectCompetition Market)垄断市场 (MonopolyMarket)寡头垄断市场(Oligopoly Market)竞争性垄断市场(Monopolistic CompetitionMarket)4. 统计学 (Statistics)术语术语术语术语术语统计数据 (Statistical Data)数据来源 (DataSources)数据类型 (DataTypes)数据收集方法(DataCollection Methods)数据整理方法(DataProcessing Methods)频数分布表(Frequency Distribution Table)直方图(Histogram)频率多边形(Frequency Polygon)分位数(Quantile)箱线图(Boxplot)中心趋势度量(Measures of Central Tendency)平均数(Mean)中位数(Median)众数(Mode)几何平均数(GeometricMean)离散趋势度量(Measures ofDispersion)极差(Range)方差(Variance)标准差(StandardDeviation)变异系数(Coefficient ofVariation)相关分析(CorrelationAnalysis)散点图(ScatterPlot)相关系数(CorrelationCoefficient)回归分析(RegressionAnalysis)回归方程(RegressionEquation)5. 国际经济学(International Economics)术语术语术语术语术语国际贸易(InternationalTrade)国际收支(Balance ofPayments)汇率(Exchange Rate)国际金融(InternationalFinance)国际货币体系(International MonetarySystem)比较优势(Comparative Advantage)贸易政策(TradePolicy)关税(Tariff)非关税壁垒(Non-TariffBarrier)自由贸易区(Free TradeArea)关税同盟(CustomsUnion)共同市场(CommonMarket)经济一体化(EconomicIntegration)区域贸易协定(RegionalTrade Agreement)世界贸易组织(WorldTrade Organization)汇率制度(Exchange Rate Regime)固定汇率(FixedExchange Rate)浮动汇率(FloatingExchange Rate)管理浮动汇率(ManagedFloating Exchange Rate)汇率决定理论(ExchangeRate DeterminationTheory)汇率风险(Exchange Rate Risk)避险(Hedging)套利(Arbitrage)规模经济(Economies ofScale)产品差异化(ProductDifferentiation)贸易多样化(Trade Diversification)贸易创造(TradeCreation)贸易转移(TradeDiversion)贸易保护主义(TradeProtectionism)贸易自由化(TradeLiberalization)国际金融市场(International FinancialMarket)国际债券市场(International BondMarket)国际股票市场(International StockMarket)国际外汇市场(International ForeignExchange Market)国际金融危机(International FinancialCrisis)金本位制(Gold Standard System)布雷顿森林体系(Bretton WoodsSystem)特别提款权(SpecialDrawing Rights,SDRs)欧洲货币体系(EuropeanMonetary System, EMS)欧元(Euro)6. 货币银行学 (Money and Banking)货币的本质(Nature ofMoney)货币的功能(Functionof Money)货币的种类(Types ofMoney)货币供给(MoneySupply)货币需求(Money Demand)货币创造(Money Creation)存款准备金率(ReserveRequirement Ratio)存款货币乘数(DepositMoney Multiplier)银行的资产负债表(Bank's Balance Sheet)银行的盈亏表(Bank'sIncome Statement)银行的风险管理(Risk Management of Bank)银行的监管(Regulation of Bank)银行的稳健性(Soundnessof Bank)银行的效率(Efficiencyof Bank)银行的竞争力(Competitiveness of Bank)中央银行(CentralBank)中央银行的职能(Function of CentralBank)中央银行的独立性(Independence of CentralBank)中央银行的货币政策(Monetary Policy ofCentral Bank)中央银行的政策工具(PolicyTools of Central Bank)存款利率(Deposit Interest Rate)贷款利率(LoanInterest Rate)基准利率(BenchmarkInterest Rate)政策利率(PolicyInterest Rate)市场利率(Market InterestRate)7. 财政学 (Public Finance)术语术语术语术语术语公共部门(PublicSector)公共财政(Public Finance)公共财政的功能(Function of PublicFinance)公共财政的目标(Objective of PublicFinance)公共财政的原则(Principleof Public Finance)公共支出(Public Expenditure)公共支出的结构(Structure of PublicExpenditure)公共支出的效果(Effect ofPublic Expenditure)公共支出的决策(Decisionof Public Expenditure)公共支出的评价(Evaluation of PublicExpenditure)公共收入(Public Revenue)税收(Tax)税收的分类(Classification of Tax)税收的效果(Effect of Tax)税收的原则(Principle ofTax)税制(Tax System)税率(Tax Rate)税基(Tax Base)税负(Tax Burden)税收弹性(Tax Elasticity)财政赤字(FiscalDeficit)财政平衡(Fiscal Balance)财政盈余(Fiscal Surplus)财政政策(Fiscal Policy)财政乘数(FiscalMultiplier)8. 经济学说史 (History of Economic Thought)术语术语术语术语术语经济思想(EconomicThought)经济思想家(EconomicThinker)经济思潮(EconomicTrend)经济范式(EconomicParadigm)经济方法论(EconomicMethodology)古典经济学(Classical Economics)亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)大卫·李嘉图(DavidRicardo)托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯(Thomas Robert Malthus)约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒(John Stuart Mill)新古典经济学(Neoclassical Economics)威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯(William StanleyJevons)卡尔·门格尔(CarlMenger)列昂·瓦尔拉斯(LeonWalras)阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔(Alfred Marshall)凯恩斯主义(Keynesianism)约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)总需求(TotalDemand)总供给(Total Supply)有效需求(EffectiveDemand)马克思主义(Marxism)卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)弗里德里希·恩格斯(Friedrich Engels)剩余价值(Surplus Value)剩余价值理论(Theory ofSurplus Value)9. 发展经济学 (Development Economics)术语术语术语术语术语发展(Development)经济发展(EconomicDevelopment)社会发展(SocialDevelopment)人类发展(HumanDevelopment)可持续发展(SustainableDevelopment)发展中国家(Developing Countries)发达国家(DevelopedCountries)最不发达国家(LeastDeveloped Countries)新兴市场国家(Emerging MarketCountries)发展中欧洲和中亚国家(Europeand Central Asia DevelopingCountries)发展指标(Development Indicator)经济增长率(EconomicGrowth Rate)人均国民收入(PerCapita NationalIncome)贫困率(Poverty Rate)不平等系数(InequalityCoefficient)发展理论(Development Theory)进化论(Evolutionism)扩散论(Diffusionism)追赶论(Catch-upTheory)结构主义(Structuralism)发展战略(Development Strategy)进口替代战略(ImportSubstitution Strategy)出口导向战略(Export-oriented Strategy)自力更生战略(Self-reliance Strategy)开放型战略(Open Strategy)10. 企业管理 (Business Management)术语术语术语术语术语企业(Business)企业的目标(Objective ofBusiness)企业的环境(Environment ofBusiness)企业的组织(Organization ofBusiness)企业的管理(Management ofBusiness)管理的定义(Definition of Management)管理的功能(Function ofManagement)管理的原则(Principle ofManagement)管理的过程(Process ofManagement)管理的效果(Effect ofManagement)计划(Planning)计划的类型(Type ofPlanning)计划的步骤(Step ofPlanning)计划的工具(Tool ofPlanning)计划的评价(Evaluationof Planning)组织(Organizing)组织的类型(Type ofOrganizing)组织的结构(Structure ofOrganizing)组织的设计(Design ofOrganizing)组织的变革(Change ofOrganizing)领导(Leading)领导的类型(Type ofLeading)领导的风格(Style ofLeading)领导的技能(Skill ofLeading)领导的效果(Effect ofLeading)11. 市场营销 (Marketing)术语术语术语术语术语市场(Market)市场营销(Marketing)市场营销的概念(Conceptof Marketing)市场营销的目标(Objective ofMarketing)市场营销的原则(Principle ofMarketing)市场营销环境(Marketing Environment)微观环境(Microenvironment)宏观环境(Macroenvironment)竞争环境(CompetitiveEnvironment)法律环境(LegalEnvironment)市场营销信息系统(Marketing InformationSystem)市场调查(MarketResearch)市场分析(Market Analysis)市场预测(MarketForecast)市场控制(MarketControl)市场细分(Market Segmentation)目标市场(TargetMarket)市场定位(MarketPositioning)市场选择(MarketSelection)市场组合(Market Mix)产品(Product)产品生命周期(ProductLife Cycle)产品策略(ProductStrategy)产品创新(ProductInnovation)产品品牌(ProductBrand)12. 国际金融 (International Finance)术语术语术语术语术语国际金融(InternationalFinance)国际金融市场(International FinancialMarket)国际金融机构(International FinancialInstitution)国际金融体系(International FinancialSystem)国际金融秩序(International FinancialOrder)国际收支(Balance of Payments)经常账户(CurrentAccount)资本账户(Capital Account)官方储备账户(OfficialReserve Account)国际收支平衡(Balanceof Payment Equilibrium)汇率(Exchange Rate)汇率制度(ExchangeRate Regime)汇率决定理论(ExchangeRate DeterminationTheory)汇率风险(ExchangeRate Risk)汇率政策(ExchangeRate Policy)国际债务(InternationalDebt)外债(Foreign Debt)内债(Domestic Debt)多边债务(MultilateralDebt)双边债务(Bilateral Debt)国际金融危机(International FinancialCrisis)金融全球化(FinancialGlobalization)金融自由化(FinancialLiberalization)金融监管(FinancialRegulation)金融稳定(FinancialStability)13. 国际贸易国际贸易是指不同国家或地区之间进行的商品和服务的交换活动。