考研英语基础翻译

1 考研翻译基础班讲义

课程简介

以讲解翻译基础知识为主，基本不涉及考研翻译的真题。

但是，真题很重要，有必要在强化训练中完全掌握真题。

课程大纲

第一章 考研翻译基础知识

一 翻译的定义

二 翻译的标准和翻译的方法

三 翻译的基本过程

四 考研翻译的核心解题策略

第二章 翻译技巧：词法翻译法

一 词义选择和词义引申

二 词性转换

三 增词法

四 省略法

第三章 翻译技巧：句法翻译法

一 名词性从句的翻译

二 定语从句的翻译

三 状语从句的翻译

四 被动结构的翻译

第一讲 翻译的定义

翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。

考研翻译简介

（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式

根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。如：

Part C

Translation:

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

2 Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 Points)

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in

European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate

programs in Canadian universities. 46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such

institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual

equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education

is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer

undergraduate degrees in law.

If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its

aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which

encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas

as justice, democracy and freedom. 47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in

a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and

comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public

interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.

Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's

intellectual preparation for his or her career.

48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more

profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established

conventions and special responsibilities of the new media. Politics or, more broadly,

the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed

they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 49) In fact,

it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic

features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary

subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is

an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by

lawyers. 50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is

preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their

own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the

legal system

（二）考研翻译的评分标准

根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：

5个小题，每题2分，共10分。

·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。

·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。

·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。

（三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容

根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。

3 首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如：

1990年：人的性格和行为分析

1991年：能源与农业

1992年：智力评估的科学性

1993年：科学研究的方法

1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系

1995年：标准化测试与评估

1996年：科学发展的差别和动力

1997年：动物的权利

1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论

1999年：历史研究的方法论

2000年：政府调控与工业化发展

2001年：计算机与未来生活

2002年：行为科学的发展

2003年：人类学的发展

2004年：语言学

2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介

2006年：美国知识分子的作用

2007年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。

第二讲 考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略

翻译的基本过程

翻译的基本定义“翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言”

一、理解

例子：

The medicinal herb helps a cough.

误译：这种草药帮助咳嗽。

改译：这种草药可治疗咳嗽。

二、表达

例如，1997年考研翻译

Do animals have right? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful,

ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account

of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

三、校对

考研翻译解题的核心策略——拆分与组合

一、 理解英语原文，拆分语法结构

由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，就是说，英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些