虚拟语气
概念:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟 语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件 :
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某 种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语
气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故 采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn ’ t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。 ( 真实 ) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） 如果我 是你， 我马 上就会 去 。 （非 真实， 虚拟 语气） 会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气） 用法及动词形式 If I were you, I would go at once.
If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空 气，人 就
从句
主句
If+ 主语 +did 与现在事实相反 （ be 动词 were ）
主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
主语 +should/would/ 与过去事实相反 If+ 主语 +had done could/might+have done
1.If+ 主语 +did 主语 +should/would/ 与将来事实相反 2.If+ 主语 +were to could/might+do 3.If+ 主语 +should
例句： 1 、表 示 与 现 在事 实 相 反的 情 况： 把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你） 我就会告诉你。 （事实：不知道） you some. 例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果 我是 你， 我会 带
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend 例：1. If I had gotten there 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 ( 事实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) 如果 我 带钱 了， 我 就会 借 给 你些 。 （事 实： 没 带钱 ） 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。 （事实：没有努力）
2 、表示与过去事实相反的情况 1
earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 我的话） 3 、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反 him. we would not go skating.
（事实：去晚了）
2.If he had taken my （事 实： 没有听
advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果 他听 我的 劝告 的 话， 就 不会 犯这 样的 错误 了。
例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, 3.If she were to be
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实：不知能否下雪）
there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 如： If I had worked hard at school, If they had informed us,
4 、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整 。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反， 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 。 I would be an engineer, too. we would not come here now. to Beijing. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 如： If he were free today, we would have sent him 要 If he knew her, he would have greeted her.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符 。 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5 、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等 词 置 于 句 首 ， 这种 多 用 于书 面 语 。 应去的话，我们就派他去。 这里工作了。 6 、非真实 条件句 中的条 件从 句 有时不 表达出 来，只 暗含 在 副词、 介词短 语、上 下文 或 其他方 式表示 出来， 这种 句 子叫做 含蓄 条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without ? ., but for ? . 等 如： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your We didn ’ 如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要 是他 答 Had Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来
instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 他打电话。
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给
7 、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情 。 ①省略从句 试了。 ② 省 略 主句 啊。 、 虚拟语气的其他用法 If I were at home now. 要是我现在 在家里该 多好啊 。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了 该多 好 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考
用在 wish 后的宾语从句 a 、表示与现在 事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. eg: eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。 ( 事实：我根本比不上你 ) 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 （事实：原来不知道） b 、表示与过去 事实相反的愿望，谓语动词： had+done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. I wish I should have a chance again. c 、表示将来 难以实现的愿望，谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。 （事实：很难再有这样的机会了） ( 注： if only 和 as if/as though 也有相同用法） 用在目的状语从句中 1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略 eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. started out earlier lest he should be late. 她又把门检查了一遍，以 防盗贼的进入。 He 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2
2 、在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚 。 letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 其他用法 1 、一想要 (desire) 二宁愿 (prefer) 三命令 (order, command) 四建议 (advice. Suggest, propose) 五要求 (demand , require, request , desire , insist) 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用 ： “ should + 动词原形”或只用“动词 原形” 。 如： He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher ’ s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher ’ s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher ’ s advice. teacher ’ s advice. insist 如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 如： He insist he is a student. 虚拟语气。 suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried . 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用 He read the
2 、表情绪 . 观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气 . 如 :necessary 、 important 、 impossible 、 natural 、 strange 、 surprising 、 funny 、 right 、 wrong 、 better 、 a pity 等。 句型： It is.......that + 主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+ 原型 或只用动词原型。 3 、在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。 如： 没来） 在世） 4 、在 whatever ， whichever ， whenever ， whoever, wherever ， however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语 从句中，从 句虚拟语气结构为： 指现在或将来： may + 动词原形。 如： We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I 指过去： may + 完成式 。 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 如： 骄傲。 We will find him wherever he may be. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使 他 亲自 来 也不 知 该 怎么 办 。 （ 事 实： 他 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 （事实：华佗不
will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
You mustn ’ t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
5 、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气 。 其虚拟语气的结构为： 过去 : had + 过去分词 ; 现在 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) ; 将来 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) the film yesterday. 我倒 想你昨 天 看 过了 这场 电 影。 We ’ d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你 明天去那儿 如 It is time 如： I ’ d rather you had seen 我倒 想 你现 在 在这 儿。 I ’ d rather you were here now.
6 、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示： “早该做某事了”时，定 语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式 。 that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 你早该上班了。 7 、简单句中的虚拟语气 （ 1 ） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言 语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 如： Would you mind my shutting the door? 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 如： 如： 祝你青春永驻。 Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共 上帝保佑。 3 我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always May learn this lesson by heart. your youth last for ever! 产党万岁。 God bless us. I should agree with you. May you have a good journey! 我应该同意你的观点。 祝你一路顺风。 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work.
（ 2 ） 表示“祝愿”时，常用 may + 主语 + 动词原形。 （ 3 ）表示强烈的“愿望” 、 “祝愿”时，常用 动词原形。
（ 4 ） 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 ① 提出请求或邀请。如： Could I use your bike now? you. 见到你我会很高兴。 Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？ I would try my best to help you. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 ④ 提出问题。如： 我会尽力帮助你。 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ I should glad to meet You ’ ③提出劝告或建议。 如： ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
d better ask your father first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你认为他能按时来吗？ ⑤ 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟
Do you think he could get here on time? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ 如：
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 到这里了。
语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have + 过去分词。
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
省略的虚拟条件句型
省略连词 if 有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略，但此时应用 倒装句型，即将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首： I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 【注】 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。 not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ① 若条件从句为否定句， 否定词 not 应置于主语之后， 而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Weren ’ t, Shouldn ’ ② 有时省略 if 后提前的 had 不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我 t, Hadn ’ t 而置于句首。 会来的。 (=If I had time ? ) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词 be 若主从句主语一致， 且谓语部分包含有动词 be ， 通常可将主语和动词 be 省略： not have broken down. 省略“ it+be ” If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. necessary, I would ? ) 省略整个条件从句 这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的： be better.) 在含蓄条件句中的用法 (1) 条 件暗 含 在 短 语 中 。 如 ： achieved so much. We didn ’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without your help, we wouldn ’ t have But （暗含条件是介词短语 without your help ） I 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。 (=If it was If repaired earlier, the tractor would Were I Tom, Had it
要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。 (=If it had been repaired earlier ? )
might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。 (= ? If I saw her personally, it would
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 （暗含条件是 otherwise ） 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。 for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 件是 but for your help ） 滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。 如：
如 果 没 有 你的 帮 助 ，我 的 实 验 就 不 会 成功 。 （ 暗 含条 不立即润 (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。 I was busy that day. I would have
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. （暗含条件是 not to lubricate the bearing immediately ） 我是不会那么做的。 （可能暗含 if I were you ）
I would not have done it that way.
Otherwise I would have come to help you. You might come to join us in the discussion. bought the DVD player. have arrived earlier.
我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。 （可能暗含 if I hadn ’ t been so busy. ） 你可以参加我们的讨论。 （可能暗含 if you wanted to ） But for the storm, we should
我是会买下那台影碟机的。 （可能暗含 if I had the money ）
要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。 （可能暗含 if it had not been for the storm ） 。
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语法复习一：动词的语气——虚拟语气 练习、虚拟语气 1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him. A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent 2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now. A. had started, would be B. started, might be C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been 3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then. A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be 5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be 7. Without your help, we________ so much. A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved 8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made D.Have you taken; won’t have made 9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school. A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to 12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite 15. I insisted that he ________ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go 16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all. A. hadn ' t stolen B. shouldn ' t steal C. doesn ' t steal D. steal 17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make 18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know 19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly. A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard 20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train. A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch
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21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be 22. That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought 23. It is high time we ________ home. A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went 24. I ' d rather that you ________ home. A. went B. have gone C. will go D.had gone 25. If only I _________ to the lecture! A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened 26. ---- If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 27.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 28. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 30. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ________ home. A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all. A. had done B. have done C. did D. so 33. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C'. if she know D. if she has known 34. If you had enough money, what ________ ? A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 35. If you ________ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. wouldn’t have seen D. hadn’t seen 36. Our monitor requested that ________. A. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied C. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully 37. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible? ---- Yes, but I ________. busy doing my homework.. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 39. It is important that we ________. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave 40. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I ______ him. A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. telephone 1~5 BADAB 6~10 CDABC 11~15 CCDDB 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 DCDAD 26~30 BDDAA 31~35 DABBD 36~40 DABDC
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高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气专练 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him. https://www.doczj.com/doc/cf5734742.html,e would meet B. had come would have met C. come will meet D. had come would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feel A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._____ the fog we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11.If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15.If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的作用：1、表示与事实相反的或难以实现的情况2、表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感。 虚拟语气的用法：用在简单句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句中。 二、虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令. May you be happy. May you have a good time. May the friendship between us last long. Have a good journey! 三、虚拟语气用在主语从句中的用法 (1) 表情绪观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 It is.....that 结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或只用动词原型。It's natural that he should feel hurt. (2) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。 It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. (3) It be + 过去分词＋that... (should)。该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词： desired, suggested, advised, demanded, requested, ordered, proposed, insisted等。与以上词语有关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句都需要用虚拟语气。 It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 四、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中的用法 1、在wish后的用法 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。 b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词） I wish I had known the truth of the matter. c、表示将来难以实现的愿望：谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形I wish I should have a chance again. 2、虚拟语气用在希望、要求、建议和命令后的用法 一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形” He suggested that we (should) take his advice. The police insisted that we (should) hand in the money. 注：（1）insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气，如果翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 He insist he is a student. He insisted that he didn’t steal the knife. （2） suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示、说明”则不用虚拟语气。 His face suggests that he is worried . What he said suggested that he was not the thief. 五、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。 My suggestion is that we should go there at once. My suggestion that he should go there at once is reasonable. The order was that all the work be finished in two days. The order came that all the work be finished in two days. 六、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+did/be(were)+其他，主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他（1）If I were you, I would take an umbrella. （2）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. （3）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. （4）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. （5）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况： if+主语+had done +其他，主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他（1） If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
虚拟语气 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
㈠课程说明 教学目标： 虚拟语气是高考的重点，且难度较大。本次课程通过对虚拟语气知识点的复习讲解，总结概括，让学生知道虚拟语气是用来表示人的主观的愿望和假想，达到学生对知识点的熟练运用，在脑海中形成具有条理性的知识框架的目的。 教材分析： 虚拟语气是高考英语重点和难点，掌握好虚拟语气的重要性对每个参加高考的学生不言而喻。这次课程是高三第一轮复习时对虚拟语气的再次讲解和梳理，全部的知识都经过了高度的总结合概括，均是高考考点。 学生特征分析： 辅导的学生是高三年级，刻苦努力，理解能力较强，有一定的基础。基本知识掌握一般，且很多重要的知识点已经遗忘。 教学重点难点： 1、真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法。 2、虚拟语气用在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句中 的用法。 3、情态动词+ have + done的用法。 ㈡课前准备： 教学方法： 一对一辅导，面对面答疑，培养学生对英语的理解表达和思维的
能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）
英语虚拟语气解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．I’ m so busy. If I time, I travel around. A．have; would B．have; could C．had; would D．had; will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 句意：我是那么忙。如果我有时间我会周游世界。与现在事实相反故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D．is , will tell 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。 考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。 点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。