当前位置:文档之家› 考研英语语法重难点精解(7):副词(二)

考研英语语法重难点精解(7):副词(二)

考研英语语法重难点精解(7):副词(二)
考研英语语法重难点精解(7):副词(二)

考研英语语法重难点精解(7):副词(二)

三、副词的特殊情况

1.英语中有些副词有两种形式:一种与形容词形式相同,一种形式是以ly结尾,但其意义和用法有所不同,如:

clean完全地cleanly干净地

close接近地closely紧密地(表抽象概念)

free免费地,随意地freely率直地

hard努力hardly几乎不

high高highly高度地,非常

late迟,晚lately近来

pretty相当,颇prettily漂亮地

fair公平fairly公正地;相当

most最,颇mostly主要地,多半地

just刚才,正好justly公正地

direct直接地directly直接地,坦率,马上

例句:Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. (选自2002年Text 2)分析:该句是复合句,其中that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty

是定语从句,修饰work。

译文:自从人类具有了独创性以来,人们发明了越来越精巧的工具来应付那些危险、枯燥、繁重或者仅仅是令人讨厌的工作。

例句:The American dream is most plausible during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism. (1999年第25题)

分析:该句是简单句,generated by American capitalism为过去分词作后置定语,修饰the periods。

译文:在美国的资本主义带来生产率的提高与财富增加的那段时期,美国梦是最有可能实现的。

例句:“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we ve pretty much gone as far as we can go, ”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. (选自2008年Text 3)

分析:引号内的句子是简单句,主句部分是we ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,介词短语in the general population today和at this genetic...在句中作状语。

译文:怀特州立大学的人类学家威廉·卡梅隆·查姆利指出:“在今天的一般人群中,在这种基因和环境水平上,我们已经达到了我们所能达到的高度。”

2.以ly结尾的词大部分是副词,但以下由名词+ly构成的词却是形容词,如:

brotherly scholarly(学者风度的)heavenly(天堂的)

homely friendly masterly(高明的)

likely lovelycostly

childly quarterly(按季度的)manly

leisurely(从容不迫的,悠闲的)

例句:Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. (选自2001年Text 3)

分析:该句是复合句,其中分词短语compared with other Americans作状语表示比较,谓语动词show后有由and连接的两个并列宾语从句。

译文:结果表明,与其他美国人相比,记者更有可能居住在质优价高的地段,有仆人、奔驰车及股票。他们不大可能去做礼拜、当志愿者或在普通社区居住。

四、副词的比较级与最高级

副词的比较级与最高级的变化规则和用法与形容词的变化相同,但在副词的最高级前可省掉定冠词the。

例句:Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(选自2011年Use of English)分析:该句是复合句,主干部分是Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those...,其中did代替了与主句相同的谓语部分reacted enthusiastically to funny cartoons,正常语序为...than those...did。另外,分词短语forced to exercise their smiling muscles 作后置定语,修饰主语those;whose mouths were contracted in a frown是一个定语从句,修饰句中的第二个those;suggesting that...是分词短语作状语,表示结果,相当于which引导的一个非限制性定语从句。

译文:那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴形收缩得犹如紧皱的眉毛般的人对滑稽的卡通动画的反应更为强烈,这表明表情也可以影响情绪而非只能是情绪影响表情。

例句:The people who ve been hurt the worst are those who ve stayed too long. (选自2011年Text 2)

分析:该句是复合句,主句的主干部分是The people are those,两个定语从句who ve been hurt the worst 和who ve stayed too long分别修饰先行词the people和those。

译文:受伤害最深的就是那些待得太久的人。

例句:Among other students in his class, he studies (the) hardest.

译文:他在班上学习最刻苦。

五、易混淆的副词和形容词

(一)such,so

such是形容词,如such+a(an)+单数可数名词,或such+不可数名词或可数名词的复数;so是副词,如so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词。

注意:在so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词这一结构中名词不可改为复数形式。

如so beautiful girls就是错误形式,应改为:such beautiful girls。

另外such,so都可接that从句,形式为such...that/so...that,称之为结果状语从句。

例句:Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia. (选自2008年Text 4)

分析:该句是简单句,主干部分是such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia, would have required表示与过去事实相反的推测,only a decade earlier在句中作状语,表示时间。

译文:要是再早上10年,这种举动必须获得弗吉尼亚州立法委的批准。

例句:The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapair of fabricating their data. (2004年第43题)

分析:该句是复合句,that引导一结果状语从句,短语accuse sb. of sth.意为“指责、指控某人某事”。

译文:这些新近被描述的语言与已经被充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapair编造了材料。

例句:Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life. (选自2007年Text 2)

分析:该句是简单句,其中形容词短语necessary to succeed in school and in life作定语修饰elements。

译文:这些标准化测试并不能测出在学校和生活中取得成功所必需的重要因素。

例句:The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that at intervals the speakers stopped for refreshments. (1996年第26题)

分析:该句是复合句。

译文:讨论是那样的冗长而乏味,以至于发言的人不时地停下来喝点饮料。

(二)very,much

very修饰形容词原级和副词;much(或very much)修饰动词、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。

例句:Ted had told me that he always escaped being fined as he had got a very fast sport car.

分析:该句是复合句,其中being fined是动名词一般式的被动式,在句中作谓语动词escape的宾语。

译文:泰德告诉我,因为他有一辆速度很快的赛车,所以总是能逃脱罚款。

例句:Mercury s velocity is so much greater than the Earth s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one. (1996年第20题)分析:该句是复合句,so...that是一个表结果的句子结构,time后是一个省略了关系词which(或that)的定语从句。

译文:水星的周转速度要比地球快得多,以至于在地球绕太阳转一圈的时间内,水星能绕太阳转四圈多。

(三)too much,much too(far too)

too much+不可数名词;much too/far too+形容词或副词原级。

例句:The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. (选自2006年Text 4)

分析:冒号后内容是对其前内容的进一步解释。

译文:事实上,真正的原因可能恰恰相反。今天的世界有太多太多的快乐了。

例句:I don t like eating chocolate. The taste is much too sweet.

译文:我不喜欢吃巧克力,味道太甜了。

(四)also,too,either

also,too用于肯定句,also多用于正式场合,too多为习惯用法,而either用于否定句。

例句:I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be bound to it.

分析:该句是由but引导的并列句,其中短语be bound to sth.意为“必定,作保证”。

译文:我支持你的决定,但也应该说清楚,我并不打算非得按照你的决定做。

例句:Careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and the listener, too.

分析:该句是简单句。

译文:用词粗心大意往往也会阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。

例句:Mary is not a Christian;John is not a Christian, either.

译文:玛丽不是基督徒,约翰也不是。

例句:But the 47 year old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either.(选自2004年Text 3)

分析:该句是复合句,其中在not...as...as结构中,第一个as是副词修饰many,而第二个as是连词引导状语从句,表方式。

译文:但对这位47岁的美甲师来说,现在到她这儿来修剪、锉磨或上油的人却不如她希望的那么多。

凯程教育:

凯程考研成立于2005年,国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导,由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成,为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯;

凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来,前程万里;

信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿;

使命:完善全新的教育模式,做中国最专业的考研辅导机构;

激情:永不言弃,乐观向上;

敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;

服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班:

在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素,考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程,都不是由一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向,欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史:必须对该专业深刻理解,才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中,从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人,清华经管金融硕士10人,人大金融硕士15个,中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人,北师大教育学7人,会计硕士保录班考取30人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程,法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元,更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学员经验谈视频特别多,都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说,凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的,大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大,竞争激烈,没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史:机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素,历史越久,积累的人脉资源更多。例如,凯程教育已经成立10年(2005年),一直以来专注于考研,成功率一直遥遥领先,同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区:有些机构比较小,就是一个在写字楼里上课,自习,这种环境是不太好的,一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境,大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区,有吃住学一体化教学环境,独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全,这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外,最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

大学英语语法 第二十四讲 否定

第二十四讲 否定 英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。在译成 汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。 一、常用否定表示法 1. 部分否定 代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭 配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。例如: Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother . All is not gold that glitters . = Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。 Every man can not do it . = Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。 I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。 Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。 The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。 Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。( = Not every couple is a pair . ) Not all her work is successful . 并非她所有的工作都是成功的。 Not every child wants to become a film star . 并非所有的孩子都想成为电影明星。 Every man cannot be a writer . 并非每个人都可成为作家。 She is not always excited . 她并非总是兴奋。 I don..t altogether agree with you . 我并不完全同意你。 He is not absolutely wrong . 他并不完全错。 I don..t wholly believe it . 我并不完全相信它。 She is not entirely mistaken . 她并没有完全弄错。 Note: 汉语有句成语:“明修栈道, 暗度陈仓”, 指的是一种虚虚实实、声东击西、使人莫辨真 相的战术, 表现了虚指与实指、形式与实质的不同。说来也巧, 英语语言中的否定结 构也往往具有这种形与实不符的现象, 形式上否定的是A, 但实际意义上否定的却 是B, 等等。这种否定的虚实移位, 往往造成歧义, 须细加辨别。 ①否定主语, 但否定词not 在形式上往往否定谓语, 也就是上文所说的“部分否定”。 全称代词all , both 等作否定句主语时, 都可能产生否定移位, 形式上否定全体, 但 实际上否定部分, 参阅上文。再如: Everybody can not enjoy the music . ( = Not everybody can enjoy the music . )并非 每个人都能欣赏这首曲子。

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”,故答案在A 和B 中选择,MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音,和首字母M 是辅音没有关系,故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站,又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音,故答案为an;第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground,但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班, 故要填the,综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass(黄铜).

A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配, A be similar to B ,相似于 A be the same with B,有一定混淆性,另外表达在某方面相似,搭配介词in,故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”,容易误导学生错选 A ,表示在一英寸以内,而真实意思是差一英尺,在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字,故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球,一个是红色的,其余的是黄色

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

高中英语语法重点难点回顾

高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题: Five minutes is enoughto do this exercise.?Each boy and each girl wants to servethe people in future.?More than one student has se en the film. ?Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.?More members than oneare against your plan.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式:glasses, clothes, trousers,shoes, compasse s, chopsticks, scissors等。 但如果主语用a kind of, apair of, a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk. 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如: Truthand honesty is the best policy.?The girl’steacher and fri end is a young doctor. To love and tobeloved is the great happiness.?Goingto bede arlyand getting up earlyis a goodhabit.?A knifeandf ork is onthetable. 当主语后面跟有as wellas, asmuch as , no less than, alongwith, w ith,like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The teacheras well as the students was excited.?The room with its furniture was rented.?A (great)number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a largeamount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如: Those who want to go please sign your names here. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from thesun. 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a)half 1/4 one(a)quarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,t aste,sound,turn,remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Those three beautiful large squ are old brown woodtable?某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。?1)close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地?2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地 3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不 4)late 晚,迟lately 近来?5)most 极,非常mostly主要地?6)wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地?7)high高 highly高度地,非常地 8)deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”

高中英语语法易错题训练含答案

易错题训练(一) 1.You can't expect your brain to do its best _______ you take care of it. A.when B.if C.until D.unless 2._________it is personal conversation or a huge speech,the point of communication is to make ourselves understood. A.Wether B.Weather C.If D.Either 3.You can develop good habits,and you can _____any bad ones you may already have. A.break B.form C.correct D.change 4.---What time does the first train to Beijing leaves? ----Just a minute.I'm just _________. A.staring up B.looking up C.calling up D.picking up 5.Even if you are on the right track,you'll get _________ if you just sit there. A.running over B.run over C.to run over D.to be running over 6.You should______ like a man of action and _____like a man of thought. A.act;act B.think;think C.think;act D.act;think 7.People don't have bad memories.They have perfect memories.They just have a poor system for ____ what is already there. A.explaining B.accessing C.possessing D.storing 8.There is now global competition for growth,which means the US has to constantly ask itself what other countries are doing well and ______. A.what it might adapt B.how it might adapt C.what it might adopt D.how it might adopt 9.You wouldn't expect a car____ well if you left it in the garage for twenty years and then tried____it. A.to function;driving B.functioning;to drive C.functioning;driving D.to function;to drive 10.I_____ you to put your best effort into everything you do. A.praise B.suggest C.hope D.expect 11.We all perform ________ if we are comfortable with our surroundings. A.good B.better C.best D.poorly 12.----Tom,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,but I have so much homework to do that I really____. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 13.---I hear ______ boys in your school like playing basketball after school. ---Yes, they are sporty. A.quite a lot B.quite a bit C.quite a little D.quite a few 14.---Helen,will you be at the party tonight? ---Yes,they ate sporty. A.can't B.mustn't C.won't D.shouldn't 15.When you learn English ,you need to choose which accent to _____,American or British. A.adopt B.adapt C.attach D.approve 答案:DAABB CBBDD BDDDA

小学英语语法知识点汇总!

小学英语语法知识点汇总! 01 人称代词 主格:I we you she he it they 宾格:me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词:mine ours yours hers his its theirs 02 形容词和副词的比较 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older ,taller, longer, stronger (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc. 03 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s abook –books

Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 04 不可数名词(单复数不变) bread, rice, water ,juice等。 05 缩略形式 I’m= I a,you’re = you are,she’s= she is,he’s = he is it’s= it is,who’s =who is,can’t =can not,isn’t=is not等。 06 a/an a book, a peach an egg,an hour 07 Preposition on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind. 表示时间:at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

高中英语语法易错题非谓语动词陷阱题

高中英语语法易错题:非谓语动词陷阱题 1. Helooked around and caughta man______his hand into the pocket ofa passenger. A. put B. to beputting C.to put D.putting 2. When you’relearning to drive, _______agoodteacher makes abig difference. A.have B.having C.andhave D.and having 3.I felt ita great honour______ to speak toyou. A.to ask B.asking C.to be asked D. having asked 4.I would love_______ to theparty lastnight but Ihadtoworkextra hourstofinish a report. A. togo B. tohave gone C. going D. having gone 5.Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will haveonyour family. A.considerB. considering C. toconsider D. considered 6.Robertis said_______abroad, but I don’t know what cou ntry he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C.to be studying D.to havebeen studying 7. It is saidthat in Australia there ismore land than the governmentknows _______. A.it whatto do with B.what to do itwith C. what to dowith itD.to do what withit 8. Anyone _______bags,boxes, or whatever,was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B.seen carrying C. sawto carry D. saw carrying 9.MrReedmade up his mind to devote all he had to_______ some

初中英语语法 知识点(全)

七年级(上) 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in (如in English) 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes,it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式:①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I,+es ④o结尾,除了negro hero tomato potato +es,其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入(团体组织)take part in 参加(活动) 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况:主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it?=what’s time?询问钟点回答:It is….(一律) 单词:trumpet喇叭racket(网球羽毛球)球拍plural复数,复数形式,复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数 七年级(下) 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一,再一 other 其他的,别的(无范围)+名词(复数) the other 两个中的另一个(通常搭配one…the other…) others 其他的人或物(代词) the others 多个中的剩余几个(不加名词,通常搭配some….the others…) 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do?询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天(状语)everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上(非树本身的一部分)on the tree 在树上(树上的一部分) 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来

英语语法教学大纲

《英语语法》教学大纲 执笔人:王燕 一、课程性质、地位和作用: 英语语法是英语教育专业的一门基础课,属A类(理论)课,为专业必修课程。 课程的地位和作用:该课程作为英语教育专业的主干课程之一,让学生通过系统地学习英语语法知识,并将其和大量的语言素材结合达到能举一反三,触类旁通的效果,从而提高综合运用英语的能力,为英语水平的整体提高打下坚实的基础。 二、课程教学对象、目的和要求: 本课程的教学对象是三年制“英语教育”专业的学生。入学时,学生已有一定的语音、语法知识,领会式掌握了约1600单词,并在听、说、读、写几方面受过初步的训练。学生通过对比较系统和完整的英语语法知识的学习,对教材中所讲授的英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确完整的概念;能较熟练地运用这些语法的基本规则分析解释各种语法现象,从而学会运用语法规则指导语言实践,提高实际运用英语的能力。 在课程教学中要求坚持贯彻“以学生为中心”的自主学习模式,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,调动学生积极地参与到教师的教学辅导、并投身于自学过程中。在教学过程中处理好语言(语法)知识和语言运用之间的关系,前者是后者的基础;组织各项基本技能活动,使学生更好地开展语言实践活动,培养运用英语进行交际的能力。 本课程侧重于英语语法各个知识板块系统全面的讲解,重视理论与实际运用的结合。充分体现精讲多练的原则,采用教师讲解理论,学生

练习习题和师生共同分析理解的巩固模式。 三、课程的相关课程及其关系: 学习本课程前的相关课程包括:英语精读、英语泛读、英语听力、英语口语。通过学习这些课程,学生可以掌握一定的语法知识,积累一定的词汇,并能运用一定的语法知识进行听说读写译等实践。 学好本课程,也为以后相关课程的学习奠定基础,促进学生学习专业的其他课程。这些后续相关课程包括:英语翻译基础、英语写作基础、英语泛读等。 四、课程内容及学时分配: 本课程教学总时数为64学时,全部为理论课时。 第一章语法概论 教学时数:4学时。 教学重点:词类;句子。 教学难点:各类句子的结构。 教学内容:1.语法的内容 2.词类 3.句子 4.单词、短语和从句。 第二章名词 教学时数:4学时 教学重点:了解名词由单数变复数的规则和一些特殊的变法。 教学难点:特殊的名词单复数变形。 教学内容:1.名词的种类 2.名词所有格 3.名次的性 4.名词在句中的作用 第三章限定词

最新高中英语语法易错题:短语动词陷阱题

高中英语语法易错题:短语动词陷阱题 1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s. A. turned out B. turned up C. set out D. set up 2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway. A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out 3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one. A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work i n 4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new scho ol was ______ in the village last year.” A. held up B. s et up C. sent up D. brought up 5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone. A. give up B. put up C. hang up D. ring up 6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished. A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off 7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away 8. The p lan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作). A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put down 9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children. A. asked for B. called for C. looked for D. paid for 10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure. A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up 11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise. A. put up with B. get rid of

初三英语语法知识点归纳

初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学,其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法,我们就可以愉快地学会英语,掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验,搜集、组编了以下语法口诀,希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子,常要戴帽子, 可数名词单,须用a或an, 辅音前用a,an在元音前, 若为特指时,则须用定冠, 复数不可数,泛指the不见, 碰到代词时,冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数,规则要记住, 一般加s,特殊有几处: 末尾字母o,大多加s, 两人有两菜,es不离口, 词尾f、fe,s前有v和e; 没有规则词,必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,但如果单词以/t蘩/、/蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两

人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato) 加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格,表物是“谁的”, 若为生命词,加“’s”即可行, 词尾有s,仅把逗号择; 并列名词后,各自和共有, 前者分别加,后者最后加; 若为无生命词,of所有格, 前后须倒置,此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。 四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise 两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse 设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide 不要假装在选择:petend,choose 五、接动名词作宾语的动词

大学语法第一章

C o l l e g e E n g l i s h G r a m m a r by Wang Yang 2012-2013 语法简介 语法的涵义、特点及分类 语法的三个层面:形式、意义、用法 掌握语法的重要性及语法教学的目标 英语语法的构成和特点 大学英语语法教学的重难点 如何更有效地掌握大学英语语法 语法是语言的规则 语法是词的构成、变化和用词造句的规则 语法包括词法和句法 语法是语言学的一个分支,研究按确定用法来运用的词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系 语法具有高度的抽象性 语法具有强大的递归性 语法具有严密的系统性 语法具有相对的稳固性

语法还具有民族性 从历时角度,可分为传统语法和现代语法 (以结构主义语言学出现为界) 从描写目的,可分为理论语法和教学语法 (英语语法属教学语法的范畴)语法的三个层面:形式、意义、用法 形式:某个语法结构怎样构成的。 比如“现在完成进行时”的结构形式是 have been doing 这是使用语法规则的起点,即首先要做到能够准确地构造某个语法结构,这是语法结构的准确性问题。 意义:某个语法结构表达的意义。比如“现在完成进行时”可以表示“一个活动从过去一直延续到现在说话时刻”这样的含义,这就是现在完成时态这一结构所具备的语法意义。 由此可以看出,特定意义一般是对应于特定的结构形式的,或者说,特定的结构形式能够表达特定的意义(Particular forms will express their particular meanings)。对于一个句子,它的含义不仅仅是来自于句中所使用的词汇的含义,而是还有来自于其中特定语法结构所含有的语法意义。 用法:关于何时/为什么使用某一语法结构的问题。 这与在实际交流中的语境有关系,即什么样的语境中,采用何种语法结构来表达特定的意义才合适,这是有关语法结构的合适型问题。意义和用法是密切相关的,有时难以严格界定。 某一特定的语法结构的形式、意义和用法这三者之间是相互联系的,图示如下:

高中英语语法易错题非谓语动词陷阱题

高中英语语法易错题:非谓语动词陷阱题 1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

初中英语语法知识难点整理(精品)

初中英语语法知识难点整理 英语语法知识难点(一) (一)形容词和副词 I.要点 A.形容词 1、形容词的用法 形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting. 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如: The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序: 冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers. 2、形容词比较等级的形式 (1)规则形式 一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如: great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important (2)不规则形式 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least (3)形容词比较等级的用法 ①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如: He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. ②表示两者以上的比较,用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如: He is the cleverest boy in his class. ③表示两者是同等程度,用"as +形容词原级+as". 如: He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. ④越… 越… 例如:The more I learn, the happier I am. ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好 又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档