简化宾语从句常用六种
方法
Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
简化宾语从句常用六法
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. → Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. → We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. → She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station→ Could you tell me how to get to the station 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. → He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was diffi cult to learn English well.→ I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→ Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.→ They found the box very heavy.
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1．语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即"主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）"句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2．连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为"是否"。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为： a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
状语从句得简化 在使用英语过程中,有这样一条规则:使用短语时不用句子,能用单个词时不用短语。因此,就状语从句而言,实际应用时,有些可简化成短语,现将简化得情况综述如下。 1.以after与before引导得状语从句得主语若与主句主语一致时,可用af-ter与before与从句谓语动词得动名词(短语)形式构成介词短语作状语。例如: After she sang(After singing),she left the rich man's house.唱完之后,她就走出了那位阔佬得家。 Before we do the job(Before doing the job),we'd better think it over.做这项工作之前,我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。 2.以as soon as引出得状语从句得主语若与主句主语一致时,可用on＋V-ing形式简化该状语从句,此时得动词为非延续性动词。例如: Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village(on arriving at the village).白求恩大夫一到那个村子,就开始给伤员动手术。 3.时间状语从句与条件状语从句得主语与主句主语一致时,有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如: She stopped when she saw her husband(to see her husband).她见到她丈夫就停了下来。 If you want to understand the farmers(to understand the farmers),you mustgo to the countryside.您想了解农民,必须深入到农村去。 4.结果状语从句与目得状语从句得主语若与主句主语一致时,可以简化为不定式作状语;若两者主语不一致时,则应简化为不定式得复合结构作状语。例如: He was so tired that he couldn't go any further. =He was too tired to go any further.她累得走不动了。 I came here so that I could ask some questions. ＝I came here(in order)to ask some questions.我来这儿就是为了问一些问题。 The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it. ＝They jeep is too heavy for him to push.吉普车太重,她推不动。 5.以when,while引导得时间状语从句与以if引导得条件状语从句,如果从句主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为现在分词状语,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作得进行过程之中。例如: When he turned on the radio(=When turning on the radio),he found it bro-ken.她打开收音机时,发现收音机已坏了。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案 宾语从句三注意时态语序引导词 主句一般现在时从句不需受限制 主句一般过去时从句须用相应时陈述句转化that 引一般疑问 句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的 宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. （动词宾语） He asks him how long Mike has been down . （动词宾语）（了解） Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. （介词宾语） 2.连接词 （1）.陈述句转化成宾语从句时引导词用that ,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me （that） she would like to go with us. （2）以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei . 注意一般情况下whether 和if 可以互用但有些情况例外。 a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b.引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or
状语从句 一．分类： 种类连接词注意区别： 时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when/directly /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从 句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first time 例：The moment he reached the country, he started his search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： directly 例：Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来，大家就安静下来 as和when、while： as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于 主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用 when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until： Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 地点 状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。 原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that： because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就 用as或since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末， 且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明 直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的，since 可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。 条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现 在时，如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。 目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would 等情态动词 结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词， 修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或 副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 比较 状语 Than/a s…as，not so/as…as/the more…the more 方式 状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/as，no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管 ----都） as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though 用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 时间状语从句： when (当……的时候) while (在……期间) as (当……的时候, 一边……一边……） before (在……之前) since (自从……以来) till/until (直到) hardly…when… (刚……就) as soon as (一……就……）after (在……之后) not…till/until（直到……才）no sooner…than…（ 刚……就)
二、宾语从句的简化 一．改为不定式 1. 改为"V+不定式短语"。当主语谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide, promise (许诺)等动词时，且主句和从句的主语相同，可进行这种转换。它们既可接宾语从句，又可接动词不定式短语。例如： He hopes that he will be back very soon. → He hopes____ ____ _____ very soon. 他希望能很快回来。 2．改为"疑问词+ 不定式"结构。 当主句谓语动词是ask, tell, forget, remember 等动词时，宾语从句可转化成"疑问词+ 不定式"结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station? → Could you tell me________ _______ ______ to the station? 你能告诉我到车站怎么走吗？ She has forgotten how she can open the door. → She has forgotten _________ _____ _____the door. 他已经忘记如何打开那扇门了。 3．改为"it + 形容词+ 不定式短语"。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. → I found ______ _______ _____ ____ English well. 我发现学好英语是困难的。二．改为"宾语+ V-ing 形式（作宾补）"。例如： The girl found that there was a watch lying on the ground. → The girl found a watch ________ on the ground. 那姑娘发现地上有块手表。三. 改为名词或名词短语。例如： I'll take back what I said. → I'll take back ______ _______. 我将收回我的话。Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us_____ _____ to the museum? 你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗？四．改为V-ing 形式。例如： I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember ____ her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。 I forget I have closed the window. → I forget______ the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。 五．改为过去分词或过去分词短语。例如： Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. → Soon they found the ground ________ with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. → The teacher found the boy very________in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1．语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2．连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
宾语从句（The Object Clause） 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 一.宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语 二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 ①连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）
等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2．连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not 也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案宾语从句三注意时态语序引导词 主句一般现在时从句不需受限制 主句一般过去时从句须用相应时 陈述句转化that引一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词引导词后xx式。 一、基本讲解 1概念: 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)（了解） Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei . 注意一般情况下whether和if可以互用但有些情况例外。 a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not? c.if当如果讲时引导的是条件状语从句这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时引导词用特殊疑问词引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况==当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时句式结构应为引导词doyou think，用陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态 a.当主句是一般现在时一般将来时或祈使句时从句不受主句的限制根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如 Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? 2 b.当主句是一般过去时从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如 I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film. 注意当主句是一般过去时而从句表示的是客观真理自然现象科学原理格言等从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如 He said that the earth moves round the sun. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 4.、人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语一致如果是第三人称不用变化。如 “May I use your knife”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
状语从句的简化 在使用英语过程中，有这样一条规则：使用短语时不用句子，能用单个词时不用短语。因此，就状语从句而言，实际应用时，有些可简化成短语，现将简化的情况综述如下。 1 ．以after 和before 引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用af-ter 和before 与从句谓语动词的动名词(短语)形式构成介词短语作状语。例如： After she sang ( After singing )，she left the rich man's house ．唱完之后，她就走出了那位阔佬的家。 Before we do the job ( Before doing the job )，we'd better think it over ．做这项工作之前，我们最好先仔细考虑考虑。 2 ．以as soon as 引出的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用on ＋V-ing 形式简化该状语从句，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例如： Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village ( on arriving at the village )．白求恩大夫一到那个村子，就开始给伤员动手术。 3 ．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例如： She stopped when she saw her husband ( to see her husband )．她见到她丈夫就停了下来。 If you want to understand the farmers ( to understand the farmers )，you mustgo to the countryside ．你想了解农民，必须深入到农村去。 4 ．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例如： He was so tired that he couldn't go any further ． =He was too tired to go any further ．他累得走不动了。 I came here so that I could ask some questions ． =I came here (in order ) to ask some questions .我来这儿是为了问一些问题。 The jeep is so heavy that he can't push it ． =They jeep is too heavy for him to push .吉普车太重，他推不动。 5 .以when ，while 引导的时间状语从句和以if 引导的条件状语从句，如果从句主语和主句主语一致时，可简化为现在分词状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例如： When he turned on the radio ( =When turning on the radio )，he found it bro-ken .他打开收音机时， 发现收音机已坏了。
宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 一.宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语 二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 ①连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose,等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether 如： Let me know whether he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 ②连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
状语从句的时态特点一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back） 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.