L3 U2 P1- 1 States of Matter
原文：Matter is made of atoms and molecules.
译文：物质是由原子和分子组成的。
原文：Water, for example, is the age to a molecule.
译文：例如，水是分子的年龄。
原文：This means that a molecule of water has three atoms.
译文：这意味着一个水分子有三个原子。
原文：A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
译文：水分子有两个氢原子和一个氧原子。
原文：Substances like sugar has many atoms in their molecules.
译文：像糖这样的物质分子中有许多原子。
原文：A molecule of sugar has many atoms, including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
译文：糖分子有许多原子，包括碳、氢和氧。
原文：It's the water molecule, Matter is made of molecules such as H, two, O, which is the water molecule.
译文：它是水分子，物质是由氢，氢，氧这样的分子组成的，它们是水分子。
原文：Matter can be in one of three states, solid, liquid or gas.
译文：物质可以处于三种状态之一，即固态、液态和气态。
原文：Water and ice are the same substance, but they are in different states.
译文：水和冰是同一种物质，但它们处于不同的状态。
原文：These states depend on the temperature of the molecules.
译文：这些状态取决于分子的温度
原文：When we hit a substance, the molecules move faster and try to take up more space.
译文：当我们撞击一个物质时，分子运动得更快，并试图占据更多的空间。
原文：When we cool substance, the molecules move more slowly.
译文：当我们冷却物质时，分子运动得更慢。
原文：When we call a substance to its freezing point, it becomes a solid.
译文：当我们把一种物质叫到它的冰点时，它就变成固体。
原文：What happens when we call a substance?
译文：当我们称一种物质时，会发生什么?
原文：When we cool substance, the molecules move more slowly.
译文：当我们冷却物质时，分子运动得更慢。
原文：What happens if we call a liquid to its freezing point The molecules move faster and try to take up more space.
译文：如果我们把液体叫到凝固点会发生什么分子移动得更快，试图占据更多的空间。
原文：It becomes a solid, The molecules move more slowly.
译文：它变成固体，分子运动得更慢。
原文：When we call a substance to its freezing point, it becomes a solid.
译文：当我们把一种物质叫到它的冰点时，它就变成固体。
原文：In a solid, the molecules move very little, their positions are almost fixed, to be fixed, means that their positions don't change.
译文：在固体中，分子运动很少，它们的位置几乎是固定的，固定意味着它们的位置不变。
原文：If we heat the molecules, they move faster and away from each other.
译文：如果我们给分子加热，它们运动得更快，彼此远离。
原文：The solid begins to melt like ice cream on a hot day.
译文：固体开始融化，就像热天里的冰淇淋一样。
原文：How can we change a liquid into a solid?
译文：我们怎样才能把液体变成固体?
原文：to change a liquid into a solid. Call it.
译文：把液体变成固体。调用它。
原文：At a certain temperature, a solid begins to change into a liquid.
译文：在一定的温度下，固体开始变成液体。
原文：The temperature, which is solid, changes into a liquid, depends on the substance.
译文：从固体到液体的温度取决于物质。
原文：For water, the solid begins to change into a liquid, when its temperature rises to above zero degrees Celsius.
译文：对于水来说，当它的温度上升到0摄氏度以上时，固体就开始变成液
For some substances such as steel, the temperature at which it becomes a liquid is much higher.译文：对于一些物质，如钢，它变成液体的温度要高得多。
原文：Steel often melted around 1370 degrees Celsius.
译文：钢通常在1370摄氏度左右熔化。
原文：What does the melting temperature depend on.
译文：熔化温度取决于什么?
原文：The temperature, which is solid, changes into a liquid, depends on the substance.
译文：从固体到液体的温度取决于物质。
原文：If we continue to heat a liquid, the molecules move even faster.
译文：如果我们继续加热液体，分子运动得更快。
原文：At a certain temperature, the liquid begins to change into a gas.
译文：在一定的温度下，液体开始变成气体。
原文：For water, the liquid begins to change into a gas at a hundred degrees Celsius.
译文：对于水来说，液体在100摄氏度时开始变成气体。
原文：That is the boiling point of water.
译文：这是水的沸点。
原文：At what temperature does water boil?
译文：水在什么温度沸腾?
原文：Water boils at one hundred degrees.
译文：水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。
原文：Inside a star such as our sun, The temperature is very high.
译文：在像太阳这样的恒星内部，温度非常高。
原文：Everything inside the sun is a gas.译文：太阳内部的一切都是气体。
原文：According to scientists, they're over sixty five elements inside the sun.
译文：根据科学家的说法，太阳内部有超过65种元素。
原文：These include oxygen and iron.
译文：其中包括氧和铁。
原文：Over 90% of the sun is hydrogen gas.
译文：超过90%的太阳是氢气。
原文：What is the only state of matter inside a star The temperature is very high.
译文：恒星内部物质的唯一状态是什么温度非常高。
原文：Over 90% of the sun is hydrogen gas. Everything inside the sun is a gas.
译文：超过90%的太阳是氢气。太阳内部的一切都是气体。
原文：Everything inside the sun is a gas.
译文：太阳内部的一切都是气体。
L3 U2 P1-2 3 Test Results Emotions
原文：Yesterday there was an important science test.
译文：昨天有一个重要的科学测试。
原文：Lisa, Tom and twenty other classmates took the test.
译文：丽莎、汤姆和其他二十个同学参加了考试。
原文：The test was about the states of matter and how they are different.
译文：这个测试是关于物质的状态以及它们是如何不同的。
原文：There were twenty five questions on the test, and they had forty five minutes to take it.译文：考试共有25个问题，他们有45分钟的时间。
原文：What happened yesterday.
译文：昨天发生了什么事。
原文：There was an important science test.
译文：有一个重要的科学测试
原文：How long did they have to take the test?
译文：他们要参加这个测试多长时间?
原文：They had forty five minutes to take the test. Here are some of the test results.
译文：他们有四十五分钟的时间进行测试。下面是一些测试结果。
原文：Two students got perfect scores.
译文：两个学生得了满分。
原文：The lowest score was sixty eight out of a hundred.
译文：最低的分数是六十八分。
原文：The average score was 86.3.
译文：平均分数是86.3分。
原文：Eleven students scored higher than average.
译文：有11名学生得分高于平均水平。
原文：Eleven students had below average scores.
译文：11名学生的成绩低于平均水平。
原文：What was the lowest score?
译文：最低的分数是多少?
原文：The lowest score was sixty eight out of a hundred.
译文：最低的分数是六十八分
原文：How many students scored below average.
译文：有多少学生成绩低于平均水平。
原文：Eleven students had below average scores. Tom is two questions on the test, so his score was ninety two.
译文：11名学生的成绩低于平均水平。汤姆考了两道题，所以他得了92分。
原文：His score was the eighth highest in the class.
译文：他的成绩在班上名列第八。
原文：Lisa missed two and a half questions, so her score was ninety.
译文：丽莎漏答了两个半题，所以她得了90分。
原文：Her score was the tenth highest score
.译文：她的成绩是第十名。
原文：Her score was four points higher than the average score.
译文：她的分数比平均分数高4分。
原文：How many questions did Tom miss?
译文：汤姆漏答了多少题?
原文：Tom is two questions on the test, so his score was ninety two.
译文：汤姆考了两道题，所以他得了92分。
原文：How many students scored higher than Tom Tom scored ninety to six points higher than the average.
译文：有多少学生的分数比汤姆高?汤姆比汤姆高90到6分
原文：Seven students.
译文：七个学生。
原文：Seven students scored higher than Tom did.
译文：有七个学生的分数比汤姆高。
原文：Lisa was disappointed with her test results. She studied hard for the test, but she still didn't do well.
译文：丽莎对她的考试结果感到失望。她为考试努力学习，但还是没有考好。
原文：As a result, she plans to study harder for the next test.
译文：因此，她计划为下次考试更加努力学习。
原文：The next test will be about two weeks.
译文：下一次考试将在大约两周后进行。
原文：When is the next test going to be.
译文：下一次考试是什么时候?
原文：The next test will be about two weeks, Tom was surprised and happy with his test results.译文：下一个测试将是大约两周，汤姆对他的测试结果感到惊讶和高兴。
原文：He didn't study hard, so his result was better than he expected.
译文：他不努力学习，所以他的成绩比他预期的好
原文：He was also happy that he did better than Lisa did.
译文：他也为自己比丽莎做得更好而感到高兴。
原文：Why was Tom happy with his test results He did better than expected. He studied hard.
译文：汤姆为什么对他的考试成绩感到高兴他考得比预期的好。他努力学习。
原文：He didn't do well.
译文：他做得不好。
原文：He didn't study hard, so his result was better than expected.
译文：他学习不努力，所以他的成绩比预期的好。
原文：She is screaming because she is really scared.
译文：她在尖叫，因为她真的很害怕。
原文：Something is chasing her, so she is screaming for help.
译文有东西在追她，所以她大喊救命。
原文：He shouting because he is angry
译文：他大叫，因为他生气了
原文：When he's really angry, he often shouts like this.
译文：当他真的生气时，他经常这样大喊大叫。
原文：She's sleeping because she's tired.
译文：她在睡觉，因为她累了。
原文：Last night, she didn't get enough sleep, so today she has no energy.
译文：昨晚，她没有睡够，所以今天她没有精力。
原文：She's crying because she said.
译文：她哭是因为她伤心
原文：She got some bad news a few minutes ago.
译文：几分钟前她得到了一些坏消息。
原文：She's smiling because she's happy. Her boyfriend just called, and he is returning from a long trip.
译文：她笑是因为她高兴。她男朋友刚打电话来，他刚长途旅行回来。
原文：Who is screaming for help?
译文：谁在大声呼救?
原文：Something is chasing her, so she is screaming for help.
译文：有东西在追她，所以她大喊救命。
原文：Who looks really angry.
译文：他看起来很生气。
原文：When he's really angry, he often shouts like this.
译文：当他真的生气时，他经常这样大喊大叫
原文：Who is sleeping because she's tired?
译文：谁在睡觉，因为她累了?
原文：She's sleeping because she's tired.
译文：她在睡觉，因为她累了。
原文：Who is smiling because she got some good news.
译文：她正在微笑，因为她得到了一些好消息。
原文：Her boyfriend just called, and he is returning from a long trip.
译文：她男朋友刚打电话来，他刚长途旅行回来。
L3 U2 P1-4 5 Hobbies Ready for the Meeting
原文：This man is hiking up a mountain trail.
译文：这个人正在爬山。
原文：He is wearing hiking boots and is carrying a pack on his back.
译文：他穿着登山靴，背上背着背包。
原文：This man enjoys cooking
.译文：这个人喜欢做饭。
原文：He attends a cooking class once a week.
译文：他每周上一次烹饪课。
原文：This woman enjoys gardening.
译文：这位女士喜欢园艺。
原文：She grows flowers such as roses and vegetables such as tomatoes in her garden.
译文：她在花园里种了玫瑰之类的花和西红柿之类的蔬菜。
原文：This boy loves playing games.
译文：这个男孩喜欢玩游戏。
原文：He likes all kinds of games, including this video game on his computer.
译文：他喜欢各种游戏，包括他电脑上的这个电子游戏。
原文：This old couple enjoys traveling.
译文：这对老夫妇喜欢旅行。
原文：They take several trips a year, often to different countries.
译文：他们一年要旅行好几次，经常去不同的国家。
原文：Who is carrying a backpack?译文：谁背着背包?
原文：He is wearing hiking boots and is carrying a pack on his back.
译文：他穿着登山靴，背上背着背包。
原文：Who attends a cooking class once a week?
译文：谁每周上一次烹饪课?
原文：He attends a cooking class once a week.
译文：他每周上一次烹饪课。
原文：Oh, there you are, finally there are, I'm sorry, why are you so late.
译文：哦，你来了，终于来了，对不起，你怎么迟到了这么久。
原文：You were supposed to be here thirty minutes ago. I got on the wrong subway by mistake. Why didn't you call.
译文：你三十分钟前就该到这里了。我误上了地铁。你为什么不打电话。
原文：I was really worried, I don't have my phone. I left it in the office because I was in such a hurry to get here.
译文：我真的很担心，我没有手机。我把它忘在办公室了，因为我急着到这儿。
原文：Okay, well, you're here now, We don't have much time, yes, We'll have to hurry.
译文：好吧，你已经来了，我们没有多少时间了，是的，我们得快点。
原文：The meeting starts in fifteen minutes, right? Yes. It's supposed to if everyone gets here on time.
译文：会议15分钟后开始，对吗?是的。如果每个人都准时到达这里，就应该有。
原文：Did you read through my presentation? Yes, I did. It's good, but it's a bit too long.
译文：你看了我的报告了吗?是的,我做到了。很好，就是太长了。
原文：I'm afraid there won't be enough time for questions, Do you have any suggestions? Yes, I do. I think the company introduction can be cut in half.
译文：恐怕没有足够的时间提问，你有什么建议吗?是的,我喜欢。我认为公司介绍可以减半。原文：They know what we do, okay? I won't show the video. it's about two minutes long, that's a good idea.
译文：他们知道我们在做什么，好吗?我就不放视频了。大约两分钟，这是个好主意。
原文：The video was on our website, and it's not that good anyway. Do you have any other suggestions.
译文：这个视频在我们的网站上，不管怎么说它不太好。你还有其他建议吗?
原文：No, I don't. I'm sure you'll do a great job, Are you ready? Yes. I'm ready. The meeting room is on the twenty first floo
译文：不,我不喜欢。我相信你会做得很好，准备好了吗?是的。我准备好了。会议室在二十一楼。
原文：OK, let's go, Oh, there you are, finally.
译文：好了，开始吧，哦，终于找到你了。
原文：Yeah, I'm sorry.
译文：是的,我很抱歉
原文：Why are you so late You were supposed to be here thirty minutes ago.
译文：你怎么迟到了——三十分钟前就该到了
原文：I got on the wrong subway by mistake.
译文：我误上了地铁。
原文：When was he supposed to be there?
译文：他应该什么时候到那儿?
原文：He was supposed to be there thirty minutes ago. Why didn't you call I was really worried.译文：他三十分钟前就该到那儿了。你为什么不打电话我真的很担心。
原文：I don't have my phone. I left it in the office because I was in such a hurry to get here.
译文：我没带手机。我把它忘在办公室了，因为我急着到这儿。
原文：Okay, well, you're here now.
译文：好吧，你现在来了
原文：We don't have much time, yes, We'll have to hurry.
译文：我们没有多少时间了，是的，我们得快点
原文：The meeting starts in fifteen minutes, right?
译文：会议15分钟后开始，对吗?
原文：Yes, it's supposed to, if everyone gets here on time.
译文：是的，应该是这样，如果每个人都准时到达的话。
原文：When is the meeting is supposed to start?译文：会议什么时候开始?
原文：The meeting is supposed to start in fifteen minutes
译文：会议应该在十五分钟后开始。
原文：To hurry means to go slowly, to take time to go fast.
译文：To hurry的意思是慢慢走，花时间走得快。
原文：To hurry means to go fast and not waste time.
译文：To hurry的意思是走得快，不浪费时间。
原文：Did you read through my presentation? Yes, I do. It's good, but it's a bit too long.
译文：你看了我的报告了吗?是的,我喜欢。很好，就是太长了。
原文：I'm afraid there won't be enough time for questions.
译文：恐怕没有足够的时间提问了。
原文：Do you have any suggestions.
译文：你有什么建议吗?
原文：Yes, I do.
译文：是的,我喜欢。
原文：I think the company introduction can be cut in half.
译文：我认为公司介绍可以减半。
原文：They know what we do.
译文：他们知道我们在做什么。
原文：Okay, I won't show the video.
译文：好吧，我就不放视频了。
原文：It's about two minutes long.
译文：大约两分钟。
原文：That's a good idea.
译文：那是个好主意。
原文：The video was on our website, and it's not that good anyway.
译文：这个视频在我们的网站上，不管怎么说它不太好。
原文：What are they talking about?
L3 U2 P1-6 Discussing Test Results
原文：How did you do want yesterday science test I did better than expected How about you.
译文：昨天的科学考试你想怎么样我考得比预期的好你呢?
原文：I didn't do very well, I expected to do better than I did. What was your score.
译文：我没有做得很好，我期望比我做得更好。你的分数是多少?
原文：I got a ninety What about you I got a ninety two. I only missed two questions.
译文：我得了90分，你呢，我得了92分。我只漏了两个问题。
原文：So you do better than I did, and I really study for it to that is a surprise.
译文：所以你比我做得好，我真的为它学习，这是一个惊喜。
原文：You usually do better than I do. Yes. I wasn't careful. I need one really stupid mistake.
译文：你通常比我做得好。是的。我不小心。我需要一个愚蠢的错误。
原文：What was it I said 90% of the sun is helium instead of hydrogen.
译文：我说过太阳90%是氦而不是氢。
原文：Wow, that was a stupid mistake, What was the average score for the class Do you know the average score was 86.3 and the loess was sixty eight.
译文：哇，这是个愚蠢的错误，这门课的平均分数是多少你们知道平均分数是83。3
原文：Do you know who got the lowest test score? No, I don't. I don't know who got the lowest score.
译文：你知道谁的考试分数最低吗?不,我不喜欢。我不知道谁的分数最低。
原文：It's probably a secret, Did anyone get a perfect score I think Eva and Sanjay both got perfect scores.译文：这可能是个秘密，有人得了满分吗我想伊娃和桑杰都得了满分。
原文：Yes, they always do, well, I wish I were a smart as they are, How did you do want yesterday science test.
译文：是的，他们总是这样，好吧，我希望我也像他们一样聪明，你昨天的科学考试想怎么原文：I did better than expected.
译文：我做得比预期的好。
原文：How about you.
译文：你呢
原文：I didn't do very well.
译文：我考得不太好
原文：I expected to do better than I did.
译文：我期望做得比我做得好。
原文：What was your score?
译文：你的分数是多少?
原文：I got a ninety.
译文：我得了90分。
原文：What about you.
译文：你呢
原文：I got a ninety two.
译文：我得了92分。
原文：I only missed two questions.
译文：我只漏了两个问题。
原文：How well did he do on the test?
译文：他这次考试考得怎么样?
原文：He did better than expected.
译文：他做得比预期的好。
原文：How did she feel about her test results?
译文：她觉得她的考试结果怎么样?
原文：She was disappointed with how she did on the test.
译文：她对自己考试的成绩感到失望。
原文：She was disappointed with how she did on the test.
译文：她对自己考试的成绩感到失望
原文：She didn't do as well as she expected, so you did better than I did.
译文：她做得没有她期望的那么好，所以你比我做得好。
原文：And I really study for it, too.
译文：我也真的为此而学习。
原文：That is a surprise.
译文：这是一个惊喜。
原文：You usually do better than I do.
译文：你通常比我做得好。
原文：Yes, I wasn't careful.
译文：是的，我不小心
原文：I need one really stupid mistake.
译文：我需要一个愚蠢的错误。
原文：What was it I said 90% of the sun is helium instead of hydrogen.
译文：我说过太阳90%是氦而不是氢。
原文：Wow, that was a stupid mistake. Why was he surprised by the results.译文：哇，那是个愚蠢的错误。为什么他对结果感到惊讶。
原文：She usually does better than he does, but this time he did better.
译文：她通常比他做得好，但这次他做得更好。
原文：She didn't do well because she wasn't careful enough. What was the average score for the class Do you know.
译文：她做得不好是因为她不够细心。你知道这门课的平均分数是多少吗?
原文：The average score was 86.3, and the lowest was sixty eight. Do you know who got the lowest test score.
译文：平均分数是86.3分，最低是68分。你知道谁考试分数最低吗?
原文：No, I don't. I don't know who got the lowest score.
译文：不,我不喜欢。我不知道谁的分数最低。
原文：It's probably a secret.
译文：这可能是个秘密。
原文：Did anyone get a perfect score?
译文：有人得了满分吗
原文：I think Eva and Sancho both got perfect scores, Yes, they always do well.
译文：我想伊娃和桑丘都得到了满分，是的，他们总是做得很好。
原文：I wish I were as smart as they are.
译文：我希望我像他们一样聪明。
原文：What was the average test score?
译文：平均考试分数是多少?
原文：The average score was 86.3.译文：平均分数是86.3分。
原文：She usually does better than he does, but this time he did better. How did you do want yesterday science test.
译文：她通常比他做得好，但这次他做得更好。你昨天的科学测试想怎么样?
1. The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating Tzung Tzu and racing dragon boats. The most important activities of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm（节奏,韵律） of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager's attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo River. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries. A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk（蛋黄）, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low River in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan. 一，端午节 龙舟节也叫做端午节，它位于每年农历的五月初五，经过几千年的时间，划龙舟和吃粽子已经成为这个节日的标志。 端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛，比赛的队伍在热烈的鼓声中划著他
常用单位的中英文对照翻译 单位 Unit. 单位制 system of units 米 meter (m) 毫米 millimeter (mm) 英尺 foot (ft) 英寸 inch (in) 弧度 radian (rad) 度degree (°) 摄氏 Celsius. (C) 华氏 Fahrenheit (F) 磅／平方英寸 pounds per square inch (psi) 百万帕斯卡 million pascal (MPa) 巴 bar 千克（公斤） kilogram (kg) 克 gram (g) 牛顿 newton (N) 吨 ton (t) 千磅 kilopound (kip) 平方米 square meter (m 2) 方毫米 square millimeter (mm2 ) 立方米 cubic meter (m3 ) 升 liter; litre (L) 转／分 revolutions per minute (rpm) 百万分之一 parts per million (ppm) 焦（耳） Joule (J) 千瓦 kilowatt (kW) 伏（特） volt (V) 安（培） ampere (A) 欧（姆）ohm (Ω) （小）时 hour (h) 分 minute (min) 秒 second (s)
管道组成件专业英语(中英文对照) 1 管道组成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow
一、材质中英文对照表 1.摇粒绒：Polar Fleece 2.珊瑚绒：coral fleece / soft terry 3.羊羔绒：Berber fleece / polyester faux sherpa 4.短毛绒：short plush 5.长毛绒：long plush 6.毛绒：fur 7.天鹅绒：velvet 8.拖把绒：cord velour 9.PV绒：PV plush 10.毛巾布：terry 11.灯芯绒：corduroy 12.双色毛绒：two-tone faux fur 13.毛线针织：knitting 14.麂皮绒：microfiber/microsuede 15.格利特：glitter 16.亮片：sequin 17.佳积布：nylex 18.尼龙布：nylon 19.汗衫布：jersey 20.沙丁布：satin 21.网布：mesh 22.帆布：canvas 23.斜纹棉布: cotton twill 24.PU 25.镜面PU：patent PU 26.平纹PU：smooth PU 27.EV A 28.点塑底：fabric with dot / skid free dot/non skid dot 29.TPR 30.PVC注塑：PVC injected 二、鞋子装饰物（ornament） 1.松紧带：elastic gore 2.魔术贴：velcro 3.电绣：embroidery 4.蝴蝶结：bow 5.爱心：heart 6.鞋带：lace 7.鞋眼：eyelet 8.人造钻石：rhinestone 9.搭带：strap 10.拉环：loop 11.毛球：POM 12.织唛标：Woven label 13.烫印：heat seal 14.贴片：patch 15.拉链：zipper 三、颜色 1. 豹纹：leopard/ cheetah 2. 斑马纹：zebra 3. 虎纹：tiger 4. 米黄色：beige 5. 桃红色：fuschia 6. 淡紫色：lilac 7. 海军蓝：Navy 8. 咖啡色：Brown 9. 迷彩：camo 10. 湖水蓝：blue atoll/ turq / lake blue 11. 格子：plaid / gingham 12. 紫色：purple 13. 灰色：grey/gray 14. 条纹：strip 15. 银光粉：neon pink 16. 金属色：metallic 17. 栗色：chestnut AI Artwork 设计稿
X京房权证朝字号：1203587 X Beijing House Property Right Certificate Chao Zi 1203587
房屋所有权人赵四 Owner of the house Zhao Si 共有情况共同共有 Co-ownership Circumstance Joint possession 房屋坐落朝阳区和平街十区19号楼3层2单元306 Location Room 306, Unit 2, Floor 3, Apt. 19, Zone 10 Heping Streest, Chaoyang District 登记时间2013-01-16 Date of registration January 16, 2013 房屋性质商品房 Housing property Commercial residential building 住宅 规划用途 Residence 房屋状况建筑面积套内建筑面积 总层数其他 Building Building area Building area in the suite Total floors Others Condition （就）（就）
附记 Remarks 共有人房屋所有权共有份额 赵四X京房权朝字第1203587号共同共有 王五X京房权朝字第1203587号共同共有 Co-owner HouseProperty Right Certificate No. Share of co-ownership Zhao Si X Beijing House Property Right Certificate No. 1203587 Joint possession
四六级成绩已经揭晓,不知道您过了吗??从13年1２月开始，四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动， 1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译 ２、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就就是新增了难度较大得文化领域。为此，针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句得通用表达，必背1６句! 一、对龙图腾她得崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙就是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成得一种神物。中国龙得形成与中华民族得多元融合过程同步。在中国人得心目中,龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化得寓意与团结凝聚得精神。 CｈinesｅDragon Dragｏn toteｍｗorｓhip ｉn Chinａhas been arｏuｎd ｆor thｅlast 8,000 yearｓ、The ancients ｉn Chiｎa cｏｎsidered the dragoｎ(oｒloｏng) ａfeｔiｓh thaｔbｉnes ａnimａｌs iｎｃｌudin
ｇｔｈe ｆiｓh, ｓｎake, horsｅanｄox wｉtｈclｏud, ｔｈuｎder, li ｇhｔｎinｇaｎd oｔｈｅｒｎatural cｅlestial ｐheｎoｍenａ、Ｔhe Chinese ｄragｏn was formed iｎaｃcorｄanｃｅwiｔｈthe multicｕltur ａl fusion procｅｓs of tｈｅChinese natｉｏn、Ｔo thｅChinese, the dragｏｎsigniｆｉes iｎｎovatｉon ａｎｄcｏｈeｓion、 二、秧歌舞就是中国汉族得一种民间传统舞蹈,通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩得表演服装,她们得表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声,不管外面天气有多冷,她们都会蜂拥到街上瞧秧歌舞表演。近年来,中国东北某些城市得老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康,同事她们也乐在其中。 Yangko is onｅoｆtraditｉon fｏｌk daｎce of Ｈａn ｉｎChinａ、It i ｓuｓｕaｌｌｙpｅrｆｏrｍed in northｅｒn provinceｓ、The dａncers ｕsuａlly wｅar colorｆuｌand lighｔcostumes, and ｔｈe pｅrｆoｒmａnce is pｏwerful ａｎｄrapid、Duｒｉng some fｅstｉvalｓｓuch as Spr ｉnｇFeｓtival, Lａntein Feｓｔival, if peoｐｌe ｈeａr thｅｓound of drum anｄgoｎｇ, no maｔter hｏw coｌd the ｗｅatheｒis , tｈｅy wiｌl e tｏｓｔreet ａnd aｐprecｉaｔe the Ｙａnｇko、Reｃeｎｔyear ｓ, the old pｅoplｅin cｉty oｆeast-nｏrtheｒn of Cｈiｎa orgａnizeｄthe teａm of Ｙanｇko ｂy themsｅｌves, tｈe teamers keｅp their heａltｈby dancｉng Yanｇko thｅwｈole yｅａr、 三、长城就是人类创造得世界奇迹之一。如果您到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去瞧瞧菲尔铁塔,或者就像到了埃及没有去瞧金字塔一样。人们常说:“不到长城非好汉。”实际上,长城最初只就是一些断断续续得城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而,今天我们瞧到得长城——东起山海关,西至嘉峪关——大部分都就是在明代修建得。 The GreaｔＷall ｉs one oｆtｈｅwoｎｄerｓｏf tｈe woｒld ｔhａｔc ｒｅated by ｈｕｍan beings! If yoｕ e ｔｏChｉnａwiｔｈｏuｔｃlimbing tｈe Great Wall, it＇s just liｋe gｏｉng Parｉs wｉthｏuｔvisitiｎg the Eｉｆfel Ｔower; or going to Egｙpt wｉｔhｏut vｉｓiting tｈe Pｙramids! Ｍｅn oftｅn say，"He wｈｏdoｅst not reaｃh the Great Ｗalｌiｓnot a true maｎ、"In fact，ｉt bｅｇan ａs inｄｅｐendｅｎt waｌlｓfｏｒdiffeｒｅnｔstateｓｗheｎit ｗaｓｆirsｔｂｕｉlｔ, ａnd did noｔbee the "Great Wａｌl" untｉl tｈｅＱin Dｙｎaｓtｙ、Howeｖer, the ｗalｌwｅｓee tｏdaｙ, stａrting from Ｓhaｎhaiｇｕａn Pass ｉn ｔhe easｔtｏJiayｕｎｇuaｎPass in the ｗest, was ｍostly ｂuilt duriｎg the MinｇDynasty、
中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表 中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表.txt我们用一只眼睛看见现实的灰墙，却用另一只眼睛勇敢飞翔，接近梦想。男人喜欢听话的女人，但男人若是喜欢一个女人，就会不知不觉听她的话。在互联网上混的都时兴起个英文名字，一是方便注册用户名，二是有个好英文名容易显得自己比较Cool。但是起英文名时，中文姓氏还是要保留的，并且姓氏一般都有专门的英文翻译，比如“刘德华”的英文名是Andy，刘姓对应的英文翻译是Lau，所以全称便是“Andy Lau”。当然了，我们一般人直接用汉语拼音作为姓氏的英文翻译也可以，但在比较正式的场合下，最好还是用相应的英文翻译。 姓氏的英文翻译跟汉语拼音是有一些细微差别的，这主要由中西方人发音的不同特点来决定的。比如，从声母上来看，D开头的姓，英文翻译对应的是T，G对应的是K，X对应的是HS，Z、J 一般对应的是C，韵母也会有一些细微差别。详细的，请参考如下中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表，正在起英文名的朋友可以看看。 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha
常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei
大学英汉对照课程翻译 高等代数 Elementary Algebra 数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 中共党史 History of the Chinese Communist Party 算法语言 Algorithmic Language 体育 Physical Education 英语 English Language 力学实验 Mechanics-Practical 德育 Moral Education PASCAL语言 PASCAL Language 政治经济学 Political Economics 电学实验 Electrical Experiment 数字逻辑 Mathematical Logic 普通物理 General Physics 计算方法 Computing Method 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics
汇编原理 Principles of Assembly 概率与统计 Probability & Statistics 数据结构 Data Structure 哲学 Philosophy 微机原理 Principles of Microcomputer 编译方法 Compilation Method 系统结构 System Structure 操作系统原理 Principles of Operating System 文献检索 Documentation Retri 数据库概论 Introduction to Database 网络原理 Principles of Network 人工智能 Artificial Intelligence 算法分析 Algorithm Analysis 毕业论文 Graduation Thesis
寒假翻译作业 要求：把前5篇中英文手抄一遍；第6篇为练习，要求同学们自己翻译；要求书写认真整齐。下学期第一次上课时上交。祝大家圣诞快乐！ 1、中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。 China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are charact erized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points. 2、孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 3、京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。 Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with peo?ple. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while
中国菜英文名 Chinese dish in English 中餐Chinese Food 1.凉菜类 1、白菜心拌蜇头Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette 2、白灵菇扣鸭掌Mushrooms with Duck Feet 3、拌豆腐丝Shredded Tofu with Sauce 4、白切鸡Boiled Chicken with Sauce 5、拌双耳Tossed Black and White Fungus 6、冰梅凉瓜Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce 7、冰镇芥兰Chinese Broccoli with Wasabi 8、朝鲜辣白菜Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce 9、朝鲜泡菜Kimchi 10、陈皮兔肉Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Flavor 11、川北凉粉Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce 12、刺身凉瓜Bitter Melon with Wasabi 13、豆豉多春鱼Shisamo in Black Bean Sauce 14、夫妻肺片Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce 15、干拌牛舌Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce 16、干拌顺风Pig Ear in Chili Sauce 17、怪味牛腱Spiced Beef Shank 18、红心鸭卷Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Y olk 19、姜汁皮蛋Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce 20、酱香猪蹄Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce 21、酱肘花Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce 22、金豆芥兰Chinese Broccoli with Soy Beans 23、韭黄螺片Sliced Sea Whelks with Hotbed Chives 24、老北京豆酱Traditional Beijing Bean Paste 25、老醋泡花生Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar 26、凉拌金针菇Golden Mushrooms and Mixed V egetables 27、凉拌西芹云耳Celery with White Fungus 28、卤水大肠Marinated Pork Intestines 29、卤水豆腐Marinated Tofu 30、卤水鹅头Marinated Goose Heads 31、卤水鹅翼Marinated Goose Wings 32、卤水鹅掌Marinated Goose Feet 33、卤水鹅胗Marinated Goose Gizzard 34、卤水鸡蛋Marinated Eggs 35、卤水金钱肚Marinated Pork Tripe 36、卤水牛腱Marinated Beef Shank
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿ This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿ 19＿, BETWEEN ＿(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the
+plus加号；正号 -minus减号；负号 ±plus or minus正负号 ×is multiplied by乘号 ÷is divided by除号 ＝is equal to等于号 ≠is not equal to不等于号 ≡is equivalent to全等于号 ≌is equal to or approximately equal to等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to约等于号 ＜is less than小于号 ＞is more than大于号 ≮is not less than不小于号 ≯is not more than不大于号 ≤is less than or equal to小于或等于号 ≥is more than or equal to大于或等于号 %per cent百分之… ‰per mill千分之… ∞infinity无限大号 ∝varies as与…成比例 √(square) root平方根 ∵since; because因为 ∴hence所以 ∷equals, as (proportion)等于，成比例 ∠angle角 ⌒semicircle半圆 ⊙circle圆 ○circumference圆周 πpi 圆周率 △triangle三角形 ⊥perpendicular to垂直于 ∪union of并，合集 ∩intersection of 交，通集 ∫the integral of …的积分 ∑(sigma) summation of总和 °degree度 ′minute分 ″second秒 ℃Celsius system摄氏度 { open brace, open curly 左花括号 } close brace, close curly 右花括号 ( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号 ) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号 () brakets/ parentheses 括号[ open bracket 左方括号 ] close bracket 右方括号 [] square brackets 方括号 . period, dot 句号，点 | vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线 & ampersand, and, reference, ref 和，引用 * asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号，乘号，星，指针 / slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号 // slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符 # pound 井号 \ backslash, sometimes escape 反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符 ~ tilde 波浪符 . full stop 句号 , comma 逗号 : colon 冒号 ; semicolon 分号 ? question mark 问号 ! exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语) ' apostrophe 撇号 - hyphen 连字号 -- dash 破折号 ... dots/ ellipsis 省略号 " single quotation marks 单引号 "" double quotation marks 双引号 ‖ parallel 双线号 & ampersand = and ～swung dash 代字号 §section; division 分节号 →arrow 箭号；参见号
Model Test One 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸由一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸也被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a long history more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particularly, paper cutting are used to decorating doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. Model Test Two 过去的七年，中国的房地产（real estate）业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所得人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近年来采取了一系列的措施防止房价过快增长，包括
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics
语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative
英语四六级：段落翻译 1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。 2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。 3、 假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。 4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。 6、 朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。 7、 近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自
胡壮麟的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative 4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __