2019年MBA联考英语真题及解答

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2. As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of4the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7altering your training program. The most8changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these9, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto11my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand12any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly15and dropping weight, this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1、[单选题]第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides正确答案：C参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。

MBA联考英语模拟试题及答案解析（6）(1~20/共20题) ClozeDirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Large lecture classes are frequently regarded as a necessary evil. Such classes 1 be offered in many colleges and universities to meet high student 2 with limited faculty resource, 3 teaching a large lecture class can be a 4 task. Lecture halls are 5 large, barren, and forbidding. It is difficult to get to know students. Students may seem bored in the 6 environment and may 7 read newspapers or even leave class in the middle of a lecture. Written work by the students seems out of the 8 .Although the challenges of teaching a large lecture class are 9 , they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop 10 methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not 11 , many of the difficulties 12 in the mass class. In fact, we have 13 at Kent State University teaching techniques which help make a large lecture class more like a small 14 .An 15 but important benefit of teaching the course 16 this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students´written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assistants for help 17 this was the only practical way to 18 that all the papers could be evaluated. Now those 19 report enjoying their new status as "junior professors", gaining a very different 20 on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students´ papers.第1题A.shouldB.willC.canD.have to第2题A.requestB.demandC.challengeD.requirement第3题A.andB.butC.althoughD.unless第4题petitiveB.rewardingC.routineD.troublesome第5题A.spaciouslyB.exceptionallyC.typicallyD.unusually第6题A.unconsciousB.impatientC.unawareD.impersonal 第7题A.frequentlyB.delightedlyC.inevitablyD.unexpectedly 第8题A.problemB.solutionC.questionD.answer第9题A.tinyB.potentialC.fundamentalD.substantial 第10题A.personalB.innovativeC.initiativeD.persuasive第11题A.increaseB.accumulateC.eliminateD.diminish第12题A.inherentB.inheritedC.injectedD.integrated第13题A.introducedB.insertedC.modifiedD.revised第14题A.conferenceB.assemblyC.seminarD.course第15题A.incredibleB.obscureC.unanticipatedD.inspiring第16题A.atB.throughC.byD.in第17题A.so thatB.althoughC.whenD.because第18题A.ensureB.assureC.secureD.certify第19题A.new teachersB.senior studentsC.associate professorsD.part-time professionals第20题A.inspirationB.expectationC.stimulationD.perspective下一题(21~25/共25题) Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, thelikeliest road to gold.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention, there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.第21题According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because ______.A.standards are higher at foreign universitiesB.their governments encourage them to travelC.salaries and conditions are better abroadD.they are eager for new knowledge第22题The writer says that travel was important in the past because it ______.A.was a way of spreading ideasB.broke down political barriersC.led to economic progressD.made new ideas less schooling第23题The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because ______.A.there are so many people working in similar fieldsB.there is a lot of social unrest at universitiesC.their fellow experts are scattered round the worldD.their laboratories are in remote places第24题The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to ______.A.spend less time travellingB.cut down research costsC.develop their ideas more quicklyD.keep up with current developments第25题Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of ______.A.friendships formed by scholars at meetingsB.articles in learned journalsC.the work of international agenciesD.programs initiated by governments上一题下一题(26~30/共25题) Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney"s entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attention? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? One reason is the way they are treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their "guests", as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.All new employees, from vice-presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking the general training. Here, they learn about the company"s history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how important their parts are in making the park a success.After passing the general training, the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple and ordinary job, he replied, "what happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or which bus to take back to the campground? We need to know the answer or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party." Even Disney managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hotdogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail, and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company"s goals more clearly.All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one long-timebusiness observer once said, "how Disney treats people, communicates with them, rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success... I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis successfully. It is what Disney does best."第26题The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees ______.A.begin by receiving on-the-job trainingB.must learn several jobsC.begin as ticket takersD.have already attended Disney University第27题The main objective of Disney employees is to ______.A.learn all parts of the businessB.see that their guests enjoy themselvesC.be able to answer all kinds of questionsD.keep their important guests happy第28题Each year, managers wear special clothes and work in the park to ______.A.set a good example for employeesB.remind themselves of their beginning at DisneyC.gain a better view of the company"s objectivesD.replace employees on holiday第29题Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A.Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.B.Disney attracts people almost from all over the world.C.Parades are regularly held in Disney"s entertainment parks.D.Disney"s managers are able to do almost all kinds work in the Disney parks.第30题This passage is mainly about ______.A.how Disney employees are trainedB.the history and traditions of the Disney enterprisesC.why Disney enterprises make a lot of moneyD.the importance Disney places on serving people well上一题下一题(31~35/共25题) Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.The age of gilded youth is over. Today"s under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britain"s population affecting different generations.Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology (老人学) at King"s College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations."Today"s older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners," she said. "They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetime"s earnings to care for them."The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today"s under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house.Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of ￡13,000. She now earns about ￡20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets (转租) the lounge sofa-bed to her brother."My father took pity and paid off my student debts," she said. "But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years—and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man."Tinker"s research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.第31题By saying "the growth of the proportion... to younger generations." (Lines 2—3, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ______.A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed第32题Why are today"s older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?A.Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but younger generation will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime"s earnings for the care of them.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.第33题Which factor pushed up house prices?A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generation.D.The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.第34题In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?A.By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marrying a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food, for photographs for some magazines.第35题We can conclude from the passage that ______.A.today"s under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britainura Lenox-Conyngham"s attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in BritainC.life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain上一题下一题(36~40/共25题) Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Rugby is a fast, rough game that is played throughout the British Isles. The game split off from British football in the mid-19th century when the Football Association forbade players to handle the ball. There are two codes of Rugby football, Rugby Union and Rugby League, which have slightly different rules and scoring systems. In Rugby League each team has 13 players compared with 15 in Rugby Union. Players sometimes change from one code to the other during their careers.In Rugby teams try to win possession of a large oval-shaped ball and carry or kick it towards the opposing team"s goal line, the line at each end of the pitch where the H-shaped goalposts are. If the ball is touched down, on the grass beyond the touchline a try, which worth five points in Rugby Union and four in Rugby League, is scored. A further two points are scored if the try is converted, meaning kicked between the goalposts, above the horizontal crossbar. Points can also be obtained from penalty goals scored as a result of free kicks, and from drop goals. Players try to stop opponents carrying and passing the ball by tackling them. When a minor rule is broken players restart play by forming a serum, lining together in a group, or by taking a free kick. Rugby Union, also called rugger, is the older for the two codes. It is said to have begun at Rugby School in 1823. It has always had strong upper-class and middle-class associations, except in Wales, and is the main winter sport of most English public schools. It is played mainly by men, though there are now some women"s teams. Rugby League broke away from Rugby Union in the 1890s. Rugby had become popular among working-class people in northern England and many could not afford to take time off work to play in matches without being paid. The Northern Union, later called Rugby League, was formed in 1895 and soon had many full-time paid professional players. The two codes may reunite in the future. In 1995 the International Rugby Board allowedRugby Union players to become paid professionals.第36题Which of the following word is suitable to describe the sport rugby?A.Calm.B.Graceful.C.Fierce.D.Slow.第37题How many points will a Rugby Union player get if the try is converted?A.2 points.B.4 points.C.5 points.D.7 points.第38题What are the shapes of the goalposts?A.Two vertical posts stand together like the number 11.B.One vertical post stands like the number 1.C.Two vertical posts with one horizontal post connecting the two like the letter H.D.One vertical post with two horizontal posts attached like the letter F.第39题According to the reading, which of the following is correct about Rugby?A.Rugby used to be a game for non-working class people.B.There are many women"s teams now.C.Rugby had become popular among working class people in 1823.D.Rugby is the main summer sport for public school children.第40题What might happen to the two codes in the future?A.Nothing will happen to them.B.There might be another code break off from the two.C.They might reunite together.D.They might change the rules and scoring system from women"s teams.上一题下一题(41~45/共25题) Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.A．Higher living standard.B．Importance of transport in trade.C．Various , means of transport.D．Birth of transport-related industries and trade.E．Role of information in trade.F．Public transportation.G．Transport facilitating trade.1Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.2The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods, which at one time could be obtained (获得) only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(1/1) Translation Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.第46题College doesn"t always prepare you for life after graduation. You are thrust into the world and tasked with the challenge of figuring out how to live on your own. Your early twenties are a time to take risks, try new things, and discover your passions. Don"t worry so much about not having aconcrete plan, and now is the time when you can experiment and find your true skills and interests. While making money immediately might seem important, your early twenties are one of the best times for exploring different career paths and planning out a roadmap for your future. Once you graduate college, you will no longer be surrounded by your peers at all hours of the day. Meeting new people is more challenging and requires more effort than it did during college. Because of this, it"s often good to remember that being friendly is the best way to meet new people. Take interest in the lives of your coworkers and people around you, and be willing to make new connections.上一题下一题(1/2)Writing第47题体育运动展示了运动员的技能，展现了其精神面貌。

MBA联考-英语(二)-11(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.Comparisons were drawn 1 the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21. As was discussed before,it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that **municationsrevolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that processin 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of **puter in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper andstorage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within **puter age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. **munications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. " Benefits" have beenweighed 20 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.• A. between• B. before• C. since• D. laterA B C D分值: 0.5答案:A[解析] 本题考察对上下文句意的理解。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2. As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of4the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7altering your training program. The most8changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these9, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto11my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand12any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly15and dropping weight, this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1、[单选题]第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides正确答案：C参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。

MBA联考-英语(二)模拟题2019年(2)(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Many people see remarriage as a fresh new chance at happiness with a partner whom they should have chosen in the first place. But the statistics reveal that second or later marriages are much more likely to 1 divorce. Why is this so?For one thing, remarrying mates often haveunrealistic 2 . They are in love, and they don't really understand that the 3 of a missing partner (due to divorce, desertion or death) doesn't actually 4 the family to its first-marriage status. 5 , remarriage will present them with a number of unanticipated design issues such as children's loyalty binds, the 6 of parenting tasks and the uniting of disparate family cultures. These are three of the five major structural challenges of remarriage outlined by psychologist Patricia Paper in her remarkable architectural model of remarriage. Essentially, the remarried family's unanticipated and difficult jobis to 7 many of their old assumptions about how a "real family"—i. e., a traditional first-marriage family—is supposedto 8 and get to work on self-consciously planning, designing and building an entirely new kind of family structure that will 9 their own unique requirements.A second, and equally important problem for the new couple lies in the realm of 10 communication. This is especiallytrue 11 matters which lie very close to the mates' hearts, such as the sensitive issue of the children's behavior. Are the members of the pair 12 and caring of each other's youngsters, who have 13 difficult losses and transitions? Or does a stepparent respond to a child's stark unfriendliness with outrage and attack?For example, it is much better for a stepmom say "I feel hurt when your **e to visit and don't even say Hello to me or makeeye 14 "than "Whenever your bratty **e over, they walk right past me as if I didn't even exist! They are so rude, and you just 15 there!" The first response is an "I" message and could start a useful discussion about how to handle the problem, while the second "you" response is blaming and likelyto 16 an argument.The knottiest of remarriage issues is often thatof 17 , and here a ton of research provides a clear guideline. The stepparent's role should be similar to that of a nanny, an aunt or a baby-sitter who is familiar with the rules of thehouse (such as, no TV before homework is finished.) She or he<em>monitors</em> and reports on the child's behavior, but ONLY the biological parent should do any kind of punishment (and is also allowed to let rules 18 .) And yet, far too often, a step-parent will think they should be the enforcer if they are to get real respect from their step-children.The problems of remarriage are a national issue that has been hiding under the 19 for far too long. It is only by bringing the unique challenges out into the open that we can possibly bring the 20 rate of these marriages down.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.•** in•** in•** in** inA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.•** the contrary•** that reason•** return** that caseA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.•** behind•** over•** of** forwardA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.•**•**•**** regardA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.•**•**•**A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.•**•**•**A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.•**•**•****A B C DSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 1Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there **mon attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of **mercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmers recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably theonly diversity that, in a business context, really matters.Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just beselecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Manna, a leadership **pany, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been **pletely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Manna, is the increasing interest **panies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.What characterizes the business school student population of today?•** diversity.•** maturity.•** diligence.** ambition.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.What is the author's concern about current business school education?•** will arouse students' unrealistic expectations.•** will produce business leaders of a uniform style.•** focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.** **petition rather than cooperation.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?•** and educational background.•** and professional experience.•** and approach to business.** origin and gender.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.What applicants does the author think MBA programmers should consider recruiting?•** with prior experience in **panies.** with sound knowledge in math and statistics.•** from outside the traditional sectors.** from less developed regions and areas.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.What does Manna say about the current management style?•** is eradicating the tough aspects of management.•** encourages male and female executives to work side by side.•** adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.** is shifting towards more collaborative models.A B C DText 2Come on—Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words "peer pressure". It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book <em>Join the Club</em>, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called "Rage Against the Haze" sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as "LoveLife" recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. <em>Join the Club</em> is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it is presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. "Rage Against the Haze" failed, once state funding was cut. Evidence that the "LoveLife" program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits as well as negative ones spread through networks of friends via **munication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: We unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: In the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as ______.•** supplement to the social cure•** stimulus to group dynamics•** obstacle to school progress** cause of undesirable behaviorsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.Rosenberg holds that public advocates should ______.•** professional advertisers•** from advertisers' experience** away **mercial advertisers** the limitations of advertisementsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to ______.•** probe social and biological factors•** evade the flaws of the social cure•** the functions of state funding** a long-lasting social effectA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors ______.•** harmful to our networks of friends•** mislead behavioral studies•** without our realizing it** produce negative health habitsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is ______.•**•**•****A B C DText 3For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West's overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, "The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government."Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronald Regan's idea that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem." Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to "big government."If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the America's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of **mon-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result.Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideologicaltrap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc's larger problem.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?•** western-style economic behavior.•** reliance on the hand of government.•** reform of government at all levels.** market plus government intervention.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying "government is the problem" (Line 4, Para. 3)?•** social evils are caused by wrong government policies.•** social problems arise from government's inefficiency.•** action is key to solving economic problems.** regulation hinders economic development.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?•** repair mechanisms of the free market.•** between the government and businesses.•** of big government by the public.** measures adopted by the government.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.What is the author's suggestion to the American public in face of the public government deficit?•** urge the government to revise its existing public policies.•** develop green energy to avoid dependence on oil import.•** give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation. ** put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.What's the problem with the European Union?•** ideology.•** market.•** of resources.** borrowing.A B C DText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is **promised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it doesnot want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a **missioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real world" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporaryilliquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and **bative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.• **plained that they were forced to ______.** unfavorable asset evaluation rules•** payments from third parties•** with the price managers** some of their assets.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may resultin ______.•** diminishing role of management•** revival of the banking system•** banks' long-term asset losses** weakening of its independenceA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to ______.•** away from political influences•** the pressure from their peers•** on their own in rule-setting** gradual measures in reformA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they ______.•** market price indicators•** the real value of their assets•** the likely existence of bad debts** booking losses in their sale of assetsA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of ______.•**•**•****A B C DPart BDirections:Archaeology as profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with pricelessobjects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator's grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that the professional excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothingthat has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything **es out of the ground has scientific value. Here we **pany. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. Archaeologists recently have uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard in one small excavation in Cyprus. Even precious royal seal impressions have been found in abundance: more than 4,000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. Thereis not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on **puter. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purpose.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?A. valuable goods are sold to higher bidders.B. by means of a computer.C. the museum should have enough money and space to hold the uncovered artifactsD. shortage of funds and unlawful excavation.E. selling artifacts will eventually stop illegitimate digging.F. illegal artifacts will be stopped in the market if they were not sold in the markets.G. the uncovered artifacts should be sold on the open market to raise funds.SSS_FILL21.The major problems faced by archeology areSSS_FILL22.The consequences of illegal excavation are thatSSS_FILL23.The writer made a bold suggestion thatSSS_FILL24.Sold artifacts could be more accessible than the pieces stored in museum basementsSSS_FILL25.It is not realistic enough to suggestSection Ⅲ TranslationDirections:1.It is a society of the ever-widening gap between poor and rich, right and wrong, the diminishing value placed on justice and fairness, and the perplexity of rules governing power andaccountabilities. It is an intricate, bewildering society demanding higher wisdom. However, it is essential to instill in our children's young hearts an undying faith in humanity. We must develop our own trust—that political leaders are ethically and morally uptight, that civilization is basic to our very survival, that the earth under our feet is amply irrigated and a heavy cross bravely borne. We must believe that beneath the clutter and chaos of this treacherous world lie things that will never decay, despite constant erosion—matters such as responsibility, integrity, moral fortitude and courage.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISection Ⅳ WritingPart A1.Directions: Your cousin is going to have a job interview. Write a letter and offer him some advice on how to best present himself at the interview.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Don not write the address. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPart B1.Directions: Write an article of about 150 words on the cartoon by following the outline below.1) Describe the cartoon;2) Implications of the cartoon;3) Comments.You should write about 150 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。