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课时提升作业(二十五)
选修8Unit 2
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. (2013·青岛模拟)They no longer have to large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting.
A. take on
B. take off
C. take up
D. take in
2. He his chance to attack when Danny hesitated.
A. achieved
B. seized
C. kept
D. held
3. The police are still the men involved in last week’s robbery.
A. looking
B. finding
C. seeking
D. demanding
4. (2013·沈阳模拟)John has a very good of foreign coins which are said to be very valuable.
A. ambition
B. combination
C. characteristic
D. collection
5. I hope the teacher can be merciful me, or I cannot get through the exam.
A. to
B. in
C. on
D. at
6. (2013·天津模拟)The storm came on so suddenly that they were wet through ______ they could get to shelter.
A. since
B. when
C. until
D. before
7. (2013·昆明模拟)—How was the party last night?
—Wonderful! I have never had a one than that.
A. more boring
B. more enjoyable
C. most enjoyable
D. most boring
8. The problem was that he didn’t know what had hurt her and he her.
A. dared not to ask
B. not dared ask
C. didn’t dare ask
D. didn’t dare asking
9. (原创)They strongly suggested that tougher tobacco health warnings on cigarette packs by EU in no time.
A. planned
B. were planned
C. plan
D. be planned
10. The president said that the situation on the island made him because everything happened right on the country’s borders.
A. disturbed
B. was disturbed
C. was disturbing
D. was to disturb
11. Unemployment, traffic crowdedness and other problems are leading to a(n) _______in our quality of life.
A. swing
B. increase
C. decline
D. trend
12. (2013·赣州模拟)What would happen to the children if Peter and Alice?
A. broke down
B. broke off
C. broke up
D. broke into
13. He love with Mary for 12 years up till now.
A. has fallen in
B. has been in
C. fell in
D. is in
14. This pupil is not willing to read English, which him to failing in learning.
A. classifies
B. associates
C. indicates
D. condemns
15. (2013·成都模拟)People can choose their activities according to their interests _______ the season.
A. whatever
B. whenever
C. wherever
D. however
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
(A)
Whitney Elizabeth Houston was born in Newark in 1963.
Her mother Cissy Houston is a gospel singer(福音歌手). Her
father served in the military and was in the entertainment
business.
As a teenager, Whitney Houston performed as a back-up
singer for Chaka Khan, Lou Rawls and other artists. But she also had a successful modeling career by the time she was twenty. In 1983, Clive Davis, the head of Arista records, heard Whitney Houston singing in New York City. He offered her a recording agreement soon after. For the next two years, Whitney Houston worked on her first record album. “Whitney Houston” was released in 1985. Slowly but surely, it became a huge hit. It stayed in the number one position on Billboard magazine’s Top
Two Hundred Albums chart for fourteen weeks.
The album “Whitney Houston” had seven number one hit singles. It remains the biggest-selling first album by any artist.
In 1992 she starred in The Bodyguard, which was a big hit, making more than four hundred million dollars in ticket sale s worldwide. But the film’s popularity did not even come close to the success of the album that went with it. Forty-four million copies have been sold. Among the singles is I Will Always Love You, a song written and recorded earlier by Dolly Parton. Whitne y Houston’s version sold many more copies.
In 1992, Whitney Houston married singer Bobby Brown, of the band New Edition. In the late 1990s, Whitney Houston’s professional behavior began to come under question. She began to cancel shows and was late for important events. Her appearance changed; she lost weight and looked unhealthy. Her voice was also suffering. Many reports said she was abusing drugs and alcohol.
On Feb. 11, 2012, the singer and actress was found dead in her hotel room in Los Angeles. News reports say Whitney Houston’s family has been told the entertainer died from taking too many prescription drugs(处方药). Her death brought surprise and sorrow to her fans as well as to the music industry. (337W)
1. Whitney Houston got her first record album released with the help of.
A. Lou Rawls
B. Bobby Brown
C. Clive Davis
D. Dolly Parton
2. What do we know about the film The Bodyguard?
A. The film was more successful than the album that went with it.
B. The Houston version of I Will Always Love You was more famous.
C. The song I Will Always Love You in the film made four hundred million dollars.
D. As a big hit, the film made forty-four million dollars in ticket sales worldwide.
3. What is the author’s feeling about Houston’s life?
A. Praise with pity.
B. Sorrow with criticism.
C. Disappointment with blame.
D. Amazement with accusation.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Road of a successful singer.
B. Famous songs sung by Whitney Houston.
C. Drugs destroy best-loved singer.
D. Life of Whitney Houston.
(B)
(2013·青岛模拟) Brenda Bongos was a happy, artistic girl. She had one big ambition—to play the drums in a band. But one big obstacle lay in her way. To be good enough to play in a band, Brenda had to practise a lot, but she lived next-door to a lot of old people. Many of them are sick. She knew that the sound of beating drums would really get on their nerves. So, she had tried playing in the strangest places: a basement, a kitchen, and even in a shower. But there was always someone it would annoy.
One day, while watching a science documentary on TV, she heard that sound cannot travel in space, because there’s no air. At that moment, Brenda Bongos
decided to become a sort of musical astronaut.
With the help of a lot of time, books and work, Brenda built a space bubble. This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside. All that would be left inside was a drum kit(成套设备)and a chair. Brenda got into the space suit she had made, entered the bubble, turned on the machine, and played those drums like a wild child.
It wasn’t long before Brenda Bongos came very famous. Many people came to see her play in her space bubble. Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts. Her fame spread so much that the government suggested that she be part of a unique space journey. Finally, Brenda was a real musical astronaut, and had gone far beyond her first ambition of playing drums in a band.
Years later, when asked how she had achieved all these, she thought for a moment, and said, “If those old people next-door hadn’t mattered so much to me, I wouldn’t have found a solution, and none of these would have ever happened. ”(317W)
5. Why did Brenda try to play in the strangest places?
A. Because she didn’t want others to hear her play.
B. Because she didn’t mean to disturb others.
C. Because she didn’t have her own room.
D. Because she didn’t like her neighbors.
6. Brenda started to give concerts.
A. after she practised in her space bubble
B. when she became part of the unique space journey
C. after she became a real musical astronaut
D. when people came to see her in the space bubble
7. Brenda became famous because.
A. she was good at music and science
B. she became a real musical astronaut
C. she invented a special way of practice
D. she played well and had a talent
8. Which of the following can be used to describe Brenda?
A. Kind, hard-working and clever.
B. Brave, kind and hard-working.
C. Lovely, brave and kind.
D. Nervous, kind and clever.
【语篇随练】
请结合阅读理解B用英语概括每段段落大意
答案解析
Ⅰ. 1.【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 他们再也不必雇用大量临时工来收割农作物了。take on呈现, 雇用, 符合语境。take off脱下;take up从事, 占据;take in接受, 理解。都不符合语境。
2.【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: 正当丹尼犹豫的时候, 他抓住机会进攻。seize在这里表示“抓住(机会)”, 宾语一般是chance, opportunity, moment等。
3.【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意: 警察仍在寻找跟上星期的抢劫案有牵连的人。seek寻找, 寻求, 符合语境。look看;find找到;demand要求, 需要。都不符合语境。
4.【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 约翰收集了好多外国硬币, 这些硬币据说很有价值。a collection of. . . ……的收藏品;ambition志向;combination组合;characteristic特点。
5.【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。句意: 我希望老师能对我手下留情, 否则我过不了考试。be merciful to sb. 对某人仁慈/宽容。
【变式备选】
I hope the teacher can show mercy me, or I cannot get through the exam.
A. to
B. in
C. on
D. at
【解析】选A。考查动词搭配。固定表达show mercy to/towards相当于be merciful to或have mercy on。
6.【解析】选D。考查时间状语从句引导词。句意: 暴雨来得很突然, 他们还没找到避雨的地方, 就已浑身湿透了。before在这里表示“尚未来得及”。
7.【解析】选B。考查否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的用法。句意: ——昨晚
的宴会怎么样? ——好极了!我从未参加过比那更令人愉悦的宴会。never与比较级连用表示最高级含义, 根据句意可排除A项, 故选B。
【变式备选】
—How was the party last night?
—Too bad! I have never had a one than that.
A. more boring
B. more enjoyable
C. most enjoyable
D. most boring
【解析】选A。根据答语Too bad!可知, 答话者对这个宴会十分不满, 故答案为A, 表示“这是我参加过的最乏味的宴会”。
8.【解析】选C。句意: 问题是他不知道什么伤害了她, 而且他也不敢问她。dare 既可作情态动词, 也可作实义动词, 作实义动词用于否定句时可省略to。
9.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意: 他们强烈建议欧洲国家联盟应当抓紧计划在香烟的包装上加上更加严厉的影响健康的警告。在suggest表示“建议”后的宾语从句里, 谓语应使用虚拟语气, 由should+动词原形构成。plan及其主语warnings是被动关系, 故选D。
【变式备选】
(2013·福州模拟)On AIDS Day, the Minister of Health Department demanded that the problems paid special attention to.
A. referred to being
B. referred to be
C. refer to being
D. refer to be
【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意: 在艾滋病日, 卫生部部长要求提到的问题应该特别注意。referred to为过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰problems, demand
后接宾语从句时应使用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should可以省略。
【知识拓展】
常见的“should型”虚拟语气
与表示建议、要求、命令(suggest/suggestion, demand, order, propose/proposal, insist, command, require, desire, recommend)等相关的名词性从句中, 通常用“should型”虚拟语气, 即从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”结构, 而且should 可省略。
They all agreed to my proposal that we(should)share in the taxi fare.
他们都同意我的提议, 我们分摊计程车费。
The order came that free food(should)be distributed at once.
命令下达了, 立刻发放免费食品。
My advice is that you(should)treat her well.
我的忠告是你应该善待她。
10.【解析】选A。根据句子结构可知, 这里是make复合宾语结构, 宾语him与disturb之间为动宾关系, 所以要用过去分词disturbed表示“心乱的, 被打扰的”。
11.【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 失业、交通拥挤和其他问题导致我们的生活质量下降。decline下降;swing摇摆, 摆动;increase增加;trend趋势。
12.【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 如果彼得和艾丽斯离婚, 孩子们会发生什么情况? break up破裂;break down发生故障;break off中断;break into破门而入。
13.【解析】选B。考查时态用法。句意: 到目前为止, 他与玛丽相爱12年了。fall in love with强调动作, 不与时间段状语连用;be in love with表状态, 可与时间
段状语连用, 排除A、C;根据时间状语up till now可知用现在完成时, 故选B。【变式备选】
He love with Mary about 12 years ago.
A. has fallen in
B. has been in
C. fell in
D. is in
【解析】选C。根据时间状语about 12 years ago, 可判断出要用一般过去时, 表示动作发生于约12年前。
14.【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意: 这个学生不愿意读英语, 这使得他无可奈何地接受学习不及格的事实。condemn sb. to sth. 迫使某人接受不愉快的境况。classify把……分类;associate联系;indicate指示。
【变式备选】
He was to two years in prison for treating his mother cruelly.
A. assumed
B. arrested
C. accused
D. condemned
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意: 他因虐待母亲被判处两年徒刑。condemn 谴责, 判刑;assume认为, 假定为;arrest逮捕, 阻止, 制止, 拘留, 吸引;accuse控告。condemn sb. to sth. 宣告某人要受的惩罚或接受不愉快的状况, 故选D。15.【解析】选A。考查让步状语从句。句意: 无论什么季节, 人们都可以根据自己的爱好选择他们喜爱的活动。whatever the season是whatever the season is的省略。whenever无论何时;wherever无论哪里;however无论怎么样。
Ⅱ.惠特尼·休斯顿生于1963年, 少年时期便开始了演唱生涯, 1985年发行首张专辑, 获得巨大成功。她是一位曾多次获奖的著名歌手、演员并曾担任模特。
2012年2月11日死于滥用处方药。
1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章第二段提及1983年Clive Davis这位伯乐发现了惠特尼·休斯顿, 并与她签订了合同, 在1984~1985年制作了她的第一张专辑。故选C。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章第四段对电影《保镖》做了介绍, 其中提及由惠特尼·休斯顿演唱的I Will Always Love You比原唱更为有名, “销售了更多的唱片”。电影《保镖》本身不如同名歌曲专辑出名, A项表述相反, 应排除;文章中并没有提及歌曲I Will Always Love You的销售收入, C项错误;D项的电影票房收入与文章不符(实际为四亿多美元), 也应排除。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章对惠特尼·休斯顿的成功表示赞许(. . . the biggest-selling first album by any artist, big hit等), 但对其后期沉溺于毒品表示惋惜(come under question, unhealthy, suffering等), 故选A。
4.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文介绍了惠特尼·休斯顿的童年、事业、家庭等情况, 因此D项“惠特尼·休斯顿的一生”能全面概括文章的大意。
一个想当鼓手的女孩为了不打扰周围的老年人, 自己发明了一种奇特的练习方法, 最后经过自己的智慧和努力而成名。
5.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段She knew that the sound of beating drums would really get on their nerves. 可知, 她在一些最不可思议的地方练习打鼓是因为她不想打扰那些老年人。
6.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 她在太空玻璃球里练习了一段时间之后, 才开始举办音乐会。
7.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 她出名的原因是她在自己发明
的太空玻璃球里练习, 比较与众不同。
8.【解析】选A。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 她是一个心肠好、刻苦并且聪明的女孩。
【语篇随练】
关闭Word文档返回原板块。
两对相对性状的杂交实验过程、解释 一、选择题 1．下面不属于孟德尔遗传实验成功原因的是( ) A ．选择了山柳菊作为实验材料 B ．先研究一对相对性状，成功后再研究多对相对性状 C ．对实验结果进行了统计学分析 D ．设计了测交实验对假设进行验证 2．孟德尔认为遗传因子组成为YYRr 的个体，产生的配子种类及比例是( ) A ．YR ∶Yr ＝1∶1 B ．YR ∶yr ＝1∶1 C ．R ∶r ＝1∶1 D ．Y ∶R ∶r ＝2∶1∶1 3．在孟德尔两对相对性状杂交实验中，F 1黄色圆粒豌豆(YyRr)自交产生F 2。下列表述正确的是( ) A ．F 1产生4个配子，比例为1∶1∶1∶1 B ．F 1产生基因型YR 的卵和基因型YR 的精子数量之比为1∶1 C ．基因自由组合定律是指F 1产生的4种类型的精子和卵细胞可能自由组合 D ．产生的精子中，基因型为YR 和基因型为yr 的比例为1∶1 4．基因的自由组合定律发生于下图中的( ) AaBb ――→① 1AB ∶1Ab ∶1aB ∶1ab ――→② 雌雄配子随机结合――→③ 子代9种基因型 ――→④ 4种表现型 A ．① B ．② C ．③ D ．④ 5．有人种了100株番茄，它们都是同一植株的后代，发现其中有37株为红果、短毛叶；19株为红果、无毛叶；18株为红果、长毛叶；12株为黄果、短毛叶；7株为黄果、长毛叶；7株为黄果、无毛叶。根据以上结果，下列叙述中错误的是( ) A ．亲本产生雌、雄配子各4种 B ．亲本性状为红果、长毛叶 C ．子代(F 1)群体中的基因型有9种 D ．子代(F 1)群体中的纯合子占1/4 6．在F 2中出现了黄色圆粒、黄色皱粒、绿色圆粒和绿色皱粒四种表现类型，其比例为9∶3∶3∶1。与此无关的解释是( ) A ．F 1产生了4种比例相等的配子 B ．雌配子和雄配子的数量相等 C ．F 1的四种雌、雄配子自由组合 D ．必须有足量的F 2个体 7．普通小麦中有高秆抗病和矮秆易感病两个品种，控制两对相对性状的遗传因子独立遗传。现用显性纯合子高秆抗病小麦和矮秆易感病小麦杂交得F 1，F 1自交或测交，预期结果不正确的是( )
Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节满分45分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I’m going to share my most embarrassing experience in life with you. It turned out to be one of my life’s most valuable 1 . This summer, I 2 a dance camp organized by the high school dance team. We went to learn new tricks, techniques and knowledge about the art of dance. I arrived at the camp, being very 3 of my ability to be a good dancer; of course I was 4 high marks and praise. My rich experience and long time in the dance team qualified me for the top class, which I felt was a right 5 . However, when the class began I 6 that I did not know as much as I thought I did. My over-confidence 7 me to fall flat on my face. It seemed as if every girl in the class could perform challenging jumps, leaps and other 8 tricks except me. All of that ―former experience‖got me nowhere. Because of that I became discouraged and wanted to 9 immediately. My frustration kept me from doing my best. As a result the final performance was nothing but embarrassing. On the stage I 10 forgot how to dance and most of the time I just stood there, looking 11 , while the other girls performed like professionals. How embarrassing it was! From this experience I 12 that people are sometimes not as good at something as they think they are; there is always someone out there that can do it 13 than you. I also learned that there is always room for 14 , and I should do my best whatever the situation is. I know if I do not try my best, I will 15 even before I begin. 1. A. lessons B. jokes C. lectures D. expressions 2. A. attended B. checked C. supported D. started 3. A. worthy B. confident C. fond D. aware 4. A. showing B. expecting C. receiving D. wasting 5. A. suggestion B. method C. decision D. style 6. A. hoped B. pretended C. realized D. explained 7. A. caused B. allowed C. cheated D. advised 8. A. strange B. difficult C. simple D. funny 9. A. perform B. struggle C. survive D. quit 10.A. completely B. quickly C. probably D. hardly 11.A. happy B. stupid C. amazed D. surprised 12.A. remembered B. lied C. concluded D. wondered 13.A. better B. deeper C. faster D. wider 14.A. improvement B. experienced C. success D. creation 15.A. fall B. fear C. hesitate D. fail 二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格注填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空 Somebody once asked me how to be peaceful and happy. I thought the question was easy to answer: Don't attach yourself to anything__16_____ you will be peaceful and happy. But then quite some time later, I discovered this direct and simple answer may not work for all people.
Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Ⅰ.单词拼写导学号 49152515 1．Under the doctor's careful _treatment__，your father is sure to get over it. 2．More than 1,000 students attend the adult_ceremony__(仪式) in the hall every year. 3．Transferring to another school made a great _difference__to the shy girl. 4．An _ambulance__arrived only eight minutes after they dialed 120. 5．The bank will bring_pressure__(压力)to bear on you if you don't pay. 6．The young firemen showed great_bravery__(勇气) in face of danger. 7．We should_apply__(应用) this theory to practice. 8．He was _awarded__(给予荣誉) in many ways for his contributions to the country. Ⅱ.选词填空导学号 49152516 put one's hands on，a large number of，be proud of，a good knowledge of，cut off，at present，be involved in，apply...to... 1．Our English teacher has_a_good_knowledge_of__English. 2．His mother_is_proud_of__what he has achieved in study. 3．There are_a_large_number_of__foreign students in my school. 4．I_put_my_hands_on__my lost wallet at the corner of the street. 5．These tourists were_cut_off__from outside because of the snowstorm. 6．We are very busy_at_present__. 7．We_were_involved_in__the negotiation up until the last minute. 8．This is the first time that the doctor has_applied__this treatment_to__cancer. Ⅲ.单句改错导学号 49152517 1．Was it the cat which broke the window? _which→that__ 2．She finally put the hands on her lost keys. _the→her__ 3．I will treat you with lunch. _with→to__ 4．There is no doubt whether Liu Xiang can win. _whether→that__ 5．What the teacher said applies only with some of them.
DNA分子的复制 1. 关于DNA的分子结构和复制的叙述，错误的是( ) A. 双链DNA分子中，含氮碱基与脱氧核糖的数目相等 B. 在DNA分子的一条链中，相邻的碱基通过氢键相连 C. 解旋时需要利用细胞提供的能量和解旋酶的作用 D. DNA分子复制的特点是半保留复制和边解旋边复制 2. 将蚕豆根尖细胞放在含有32P标记的胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸的培养液中，在第二次有丝分裂的中期时（不考虑染色体互换及染色体变异），发现某条染色体的一条染色单体内只有一条脱氧核苷酸链有放射性，则其姐妹染色单体内含有放射性的脱氧核苷酸链的条数是( ) A. O B. l C. 2 D. 4 3. 真核细胞DNA分子的复制( ) A. 可在细胞核和核糖体上进行 B. 以DNA分子的一条链作为模板 C. 以4种游离核糖核苷酸作为原料 D. 需要解旋酶和DNA聚合酶的催化 4.细菌在15N培养基中繁殖数代后，使细菌DNA的含氮碱基皆含有15N，然后再移入14N培养基中培养，抽取亲代及子代的DNA经高速离心分离，①～⑤为可能的结果，下列不可能出现的是( ) A．①B．②C．③D．④ 5. 下列实验使用和同位素标记法的有几项（） ①卡尔文发现卡尔文循环 ②沃森和克里克发现了DNA双螺旋结构
③沃森和克里克提出DNA半保留复制假说,大肠杆菌繁殖实验证实了该假说 ④鲁宾和卡门证实光合作用中的氧气自于水 ⑤赫尔希和蔡斯发现DNA是遗传物质 A. 两项 B. 三项 C. 四项 D. 五项 6.用含32P的培养基培养细菌，将一个未标记的噬菌体在此细菌中培养9小时，经检测共产生了64个子代噬菌体，下列叙述正确的是（） A.子代噬菌体内DNA的合成原料来自于细菌 B.噬菌体繁殖一代的时间约为1.0小时 C.子代噬菌体的所有物质都具有放射性 D.子代噬菌体不含32P个体与含32P个体的比例为1:31 7.下列说法中不正确的是（） A. 摩尔根通过红眼雌果蝇和白眼雄果蝇的杂交实验证明了基因位于染色体上 B. 艾弗里提出的有关肺炎双球菌的体外转化实验的结论，没有得到科学家的一致公认 C. 赫尔希和蔡斯的噬菌体侵染细菌的实验证明了蛋白质不是遗传物质 D. 沃森和克里克构建了DNA双螺旋结构模型，并提出了DNA半保留复制的假说 8. 下列关于DNA分子结构和复制的叙述，错误的是( ) A. DNA分子中磷酸与脱氧核糖交替连接，构成DNA的基本骨架 B. 科学家利用“假说-演绎法”证实DNA是以半保留的方式复制的 C. DNA复制时，DNA聚合酶可催化两个游离的脱氧核苷酸连接起来 D. DNA双螺旋结构模型的建立为DNA复制机制的阐明奠定了基础 9. DNA是以半保留方式进行复制的，如果放射性完全标记的1个双链DNA分子在无放射性标记的溶液中复制两次，那么所产生的4个DNA分子的特点是() A.部分DNA分子含有放射性 B.全部DNA分子含有放射性 C.所有分子的一条链含有放射性 D.所有分子的两条链都没有放射性 10. 一个双链均被32P标记的DNA由5 000个碱基对组成，其中腺嘌呤占20%，将其置于只含31P的环境中复制3次。下列叙述不正确的是() A.该DNA分子中含有氢键的数目为1.3×104个 B.复制过程需要2.4×104个游离的胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸 C.子代DNA分子中含32P的单链与含31P的单链之比为1∶7
Unit 5 The power of nature 1.★考点appoint vt.任命;委派 appoint sb.as/to be 任命某人担任…… appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事 make/fix an appointment 约会,预约 2.★考点burn to the ground 把……烧光;全部焚毁burn to the ground 把……烧光;全部焚毁 burn...to death 烧死…… burn down 烧毁,烧光 get burnt 被烧伤;遭殃 3.★考点be about to do...when... 正要做……,这时……be about to do...when... 正要做……,这时…… be doing...when... 正在做……就在这时…… had (just) done...when... 刚做完……这时…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做某事这时… 4.★考点make one’s way to/towards 前往;向……走去make one’s way 前往;向……走去;成功,有所成就
give way for 让路;让位于 feel one’s way 摸索着前行 on one’s/the way 在去……的路上 lose one’s way迷路 5.★考点shoot v.(shot,shot)射击,射中 辨析shoot/shoot at 6.★考点anxious adj.忧虑的;不安的 anxiety n.焦虑 anxiously adv.焦急地 be anxious to do 渴望做…… be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧 7.★考点panic vt.& vi.恐慌;惊慌 温馨提示 panic 的过去式、过去分词均为panicked,动词-ing形式为panicking。be/feel panic over/about 因……而恐慌
Book8Unit5语法导学案（A） 学习目标： 知识目标：掌握十大常用时态的基本用法及其被动结构。 能力目标：能够总结现在完成进行时和现在完成时、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。 情感目标：自主、合作、探究，激情展示，大胆质疑，分享成果。激发学生对语法的学习热情。学习重点：掌握十大常用时态的基本用法及其被动结构。 学习难点：能够总结现在完成进行时和现在完成时、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 第一部分：预习案 一：动词时态语态基本知识： 二．例句呈现：请同学们在括号内写出各句所使用的时态。 1. I always sleep with the window open.( ) 2. I was reading an interesting book at this time yesterday.( ) 3.I will be having a gathering party with my friends at this time tomorrow.( ) 4.I saw the famous film Pearl Harbor yesterday evening.( ) 5.The plane takes off at 5 o’clock.( ) 6. He will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.( ) 7.The workers are building a garden these days.( ) 8.He has taught Chinese for 20 years.( ) 9.He told me that he had read the book twice.( ) 10.The boy has been reading a book for almost two hours. ( ) 11. He told me that he would take an important exam the next week. ( ) 我的疑惑：_______________________________________ _________________ 我的收获：_____________________________________ _______________ 第二部分：探究案 探究一： 1) 观察下面两组句子，理解它们的语法形式和语意。 Scene 1 (A girl complained to the boy who hurried up near to her breathlessly.) G: I have been waiting here for ages. B: I have been hurrying here all the way Scene 2 (You plan to play basketball with friends, but the rain is on and on.) Y: It has been raining all the morning 2) 从38页课文中找出使用现在完成进行时的句子并理解其意义。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________2. 用法归纳 现在完成进行时的基本表达式_______ ______ 现在完成进行时表达的意义 （一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到_______的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在____________的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) 3）注意事项 （1) 不能用现在进行时的动词，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，也不能用现在完成进行时 时态构成（以do为例）语态时间状语 一般现在时do/does am/is/are+done sometimes,every day, always, often, on Sundays, usually, never 一般过去时did was/were done yesterday, last week, three years ago, the other day, in 1990 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done look, now, at present,at this moment, these days 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done then, at this/ that time+过去时间, at...o’clock+过去时间, those days 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done next week, tomorrow, before long, in the future, next week/month/year 过去将来时would/should do would/should be done the next day/year/month 现在完成时have/has done have/has been done Lately, recently, so far, yet, by now, up to now, since then, in the last/ past few days/years ,since+时间点，for+时间段 过去完成时had done had been done by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 1999, 现在完成进 行时have/has been doing _________ all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently 将来进行时will be doing _________ at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from...to...tomorrow
8BUnit5课时练习（1） 一、.根据汉语提示完成单词 1.There are many differences in _____(礼仪) between China and America. 2.Have you found a ________(适当的) way to solve the problem? 3.Please don’t shout or laugh __________(大声) in public. 4.Thanks for ________(邀请) me to your birthday party. 5.If you ________(碰撞) into someone in the street, you must say “sorry”. 6.The naughty boy_________(表现) so badly in class yesterday. 7.We should ________ (避免) talking about that terrible news. 8.British people usually talk about weather to start their ________(交谈). 9.Everyone must ______（遵守）traffic rules. 10.I didn’t agree with them, so I didn’t join in the ________(讨论). 11.You should try to ___________(表达)yourself clearly. 12.The little boy is too young to __________(推)past you. 13.Peter was slow. He could not write down all the ________(主要的)points 14.It’s __________ (不礼貌的) to spit in public. 15.His mother hugged him and__________(亲吻)him on both cheeks. 16.The first book on the__________(话题，主题)was published in 1900. 17.Barry never lets anyone_________(触碰，碰)the piano. 18. The town has its own_________(公共的）library. 19. Don’t__________(解释）it. I don’t want to know your excuse. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Don’t leave the tap _____ (run) all the time. 2.I think he is too old _____ (learn) a foreign language. 3.We should speak _______ (polite) to the old people. 4.Students should put the books back after ______ (read) them. 5.Yesterday I listened to a speech on good table _______ (manner). 6. What did you do after_______ (arrive) home? 7. Try_______ (not be) late next time. 8. This sign means “No _______” (park). 9. I have __________ (explanation) it to him many times. 10.He didn’t want to risk_____________(lose) everything all at a time. 11.We shouldn’t make noise while ______________(eat). 12.It’s polite to wait f or everyone ________(finish) before we leave the table. 13.All of us hope the party will be __________(success). 14.We tried _______(not make) any noise for you were _______(sleep). 15. When in Rome, do as the_________(Rome)do. 16.They walked__________(pass)a restaurant. 17. It’s bad manners__________(look)down upon the blind me. 18.The day before yesterday, we had a_________(discuss) about our project. 19. We should treat everyone around us___________(polite). 20. It’s a long way，so it’s best for us to ta ke turns_________(drive) 三、单项选择。 ( )1._______,but can you tell me the way to the nearest shopping mall? A. Excuse me B．I am sorry C. Thank you D. You are welcome
一对相对性状的杂交实验过程和解释 1 假说--演绎法是现代科学研究中常用的一种科学方法，下列属于孟德尔在发现分离定律时的“演绎”过程是（） A. 生物的性状是由遗传因子决定的 B. 由F2中出现的分离比推测，生物体产生配子时，成对的遗传因子彼此分离 C. 若F1产生配子时遗传因子分离，则测交后代的两种性状比接近1：1 D. 若F1产生配子时遗传因子分离，则F2中三种遗传因子组成的个体比接近1：2：1 2 豌豆和小麦的高茎对矮茎均为显性．将纯种的高茎和矮茎豌豆间行种植，另将纯种的高茎和矮茎小麦间行种植．自然状态下，从矮茎植株上获得的F1的性状是（） A. 豌豆和小麦均有高茎和矮茎 B. 豌豆均为矮茎，小麦有高茎和矮茎 C. 豌豆和小麦的性状分离比均为3：1 D. 小麦均为矮茎，豌豆有高茎和矮茎 3 关于“分离定律”的揭示和验证的描述，正确的是（） A. 孟德尔在豌豆杂交实验中运用了“假说-演绎”法，其基本步骤是：提出问题-作出假说-设计实验-实验验证-得出结论 B. 孟德尔在实验数据处理中运用了统计学方法，使得遗传学研究从定量研究上升到定性研究 C. 孟德尔通过测交实验的结果推测出F1产生配子的种类和个数，从而验证其假说的正确与否 D. 随着科学的不断发展，利用现代生物学手段---花药离体培养也可直接证明“分离定律” 4 下列有关孟德尔豌豆杂交实验的叙述不正确的是（） A. 实验过程中孟德尔运用了杂交实验法和假说-演绎法 B. 用闭花传粉的豌豆做人工杂交实验，结果既可靠又容易分析 C. “成对的遗传因子彼此分离”是孟德尔提出假说的主要内容之一 D. 孟德尔提出的假说的核心内容是“性状是由位于染色体上的基因控制的” 5 下列关于性状显隐性或纯合子与杂合子判断方法的叙述，错误的是（） A. 甲×乙-→只有甲→-甲为显性性状 B. 甲×甲--→甲+乙-→乙为隐性性状
U5(选修六) 1 volcano n. 复数—volcanoes火山 an active volcano活火山 an extinct volcano死火山 a dormant volcano休眠火山 volcanology火山学 volcanologist火山学家 pianist钢琴家 physicist物理学家 Novelist小说家 2. erupt 1)（火山）爆发，喷发 Mount Vesuvius hasn’t erupted for a good many years. 维苏威火山已经多年没有爆发了。 2)（搏斗，暴力事件，噪音等）突然发生，爆发 Violence in street can erupt for no apparent reason. 街头暴力可以在没有明显原因的情况下爆发。 erupt into laughter/shouting/crying, etc.突然大笑/叫喊/大哭 He erupted into laughter without any reason. 他毫无理由地大笑起来。 3. alongside alongside= with “和” It’s a pleasure to work alongside such men. 与这样的人一起工作是一件乐事。 beside “在...旁边” The boat pulled up alongside the dock. adv. 在旁边;沿着;靠拢着;并排地 The police car pulled up alongside.那辆警车在旁边停下 4 equipment n.配备,装备 The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year. 把这个新医院的设备配齐要化一年时间。 equip v.装备,使有准备使能够做某事 Equip ourselves with knowledge Equip the army with modern weapons 5. bored (人)厌烦的 boring （物）令人厌烦的 I am bored with the same old routine day after day. The book is boring. bore v. (尤指无聊的长话)使(人)厌烦
Unit5 1. identify vt. ~ sb. /sth. as sb./ sth. 确认，证明某人/某物系某人/某物她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。 The police are trying to identify the dead body. Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth. identification n. 鉴别；身份证明identification card 身份证identity n. 身份；特征identical adj. 完全相同的，一样的 2. alternative adj. （作定语）供选择的，可代替的 We recommend using alternative sources of fuel such as charcoal（木炭）. As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. n. 可能的选择；替代物 Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport. I'm sorry, there 'sno alternative but to sell the car. 另?无选择只好做 . have no alter native but to do = have no choice but to do = have nothing to do but do 除了放弃那个计划，我另无选择I have no alternative but to give up the plan.
课时作业13 Unit 5 Music Ⅰ.短语填空 be familiar with, in cash, Sorting out , break up, or so, above all, break up, are honest with, rely on, play jokes on, In addition 1．All the goods here must be paid for ________ instead of by credit. 2．—What is his new work? —________the newspaper by the year. 3．It's time for us to ________ our party.It is nearly midnight. 4．If you ________ others，they will be glad to help you when you are in trouble. 5．Everyone thinks that your mother is a reliable person to ________. 6．There were 30 students ________ attending the lecture by Professor Green. 7．My elder brother is fair，hard-working and ________ honest. 8．It's not polite to ________ the disabled；they may get annoyed. 9．________，there are another six applicants from your school. 10．What you should do at present is to ________ the new environment. [答案]1.in cash 2.Sorting out 3.break up 4.are honest with 5.rely on 6.or so 7.above all 8.play jokes on 9.In addition 10.be familiar with Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．Everyone ________(表演) well in the sports meeting held last week. 2．He ________(假装) that he couldn't answer my question. 3．In my opinion，Guilin is the most ________(吸引人的) city in Guangxi. 4．The coach told his athletes to be ________(自信的) in winning the medal. 5．If you ________(坚持) to the truth，you can be fearless. 6．The police asked the ________(路人) in order to find out the cause of the accident. 7．Liu Huan is a famous ________(音乐家)who sang the song in the opening ceremony. 8．Success requires lots of ________(投入)especially at the present time. 9．It turned out that he was too ________(敏感的) to the drugs. 10．Chairman Hu Jintao came to visit South Korea at the ________(邀请) of its president. [答案]1.performed 2.pretended 3.attractive 4.confident 5.stick
第2节基因对性状的控制 [对点强化] 强化点1中心法则 1.1983年科学家证实，引起艾滋病的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一种逆转录病毒。下列能正确表示HIV感染人体过程的“遗传信息流”示意图是（） [解析]HIV是以RNA为遗传物质的病毒，能以RNA为模板逆转录合成DNA，该DNA又和人体细胞核内的DNA整合在一起，整合后的HIV的DNA分子在人体细胞又可以复制，还可以转录出RNA，并以RNA为模板翻译成病毒的蛋白质。 [答案] D 2.下列关于如图所示过程的说法，错误的是（） A.正常情况下，③④⑥在动植物细胞中都不可能发生 B.①③过程的产物相同，催化的酶也相同 C.①②进行的场所有细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体；⑤进行的场所为核糖体 D.①②⑤所需的原料分别为脱氧核苷酸、核糖核苷酸、氨基酸 [解析]①过程需要解旋酶和DNA聚合酶，③过程需要特定的逆转录酶，故B 选项错误。 [答案] B
3.遗传信息从RNA→RNA途径是对中心法则的补充，下列能够发生该传递途径的生物是（） A.烟草 B.烟草花叶病毒 C.噬菌体 D.大肠杆菌 [解析]由RNA→RNA说明发生了RNA的复制，该过程只发生在RNA病毒中。烟草、噬菌体以及大肠杆菌都是以DNA为遗传物质的生物，其遗传信息是通过DNA→RNA→蛋白质途径传递的。 [答案] B 4.中心法则揭示了生物遗传信息传递与表达的过程。下列有关中心法则的说法错误的是（） A.a过程主要发生在细胞分裂的间期，b和c在细胞的整个生命过程中都能发生 B.c过程中mRNA上所含有的密码子均能在tRNA上找到与其相对应的反密码子 C.逆转录病毒的RNA在宿主细胞内须通过d、b、c过程才能最终合成蛋白质 D.细胞中的基因通过b、c过程合成的蛋白质可直接或间接地影响生物的性状[解析]a、b、c、d、e分别表示DNA复制、转录、翻译、逆转录和RNA复制，DNA复制发生在细胞分裂的间期，转录和翻译发生在细胞整个生命过程中，A正确；终止密码子没有与之对应的反密码子，也就没有相对应的tRNA，B错误；逆转录病毒携带的RNA在宿主细胞内先经逆转录合成DNA，再利用宿主细胞中的原料经转录和翻译过程最终合成蛋白质，C正确；b和c为基因表达，基因可以通过控制酶的合成控制代谢过程，从而间接影响生物性状，还可以通过控制蛋白质的结构直接影响生物的性状，D正确。 [答案] B 5.《科技日报》报道，科学家近日发现一种动物能否被驯化并和人类很好相处，取决于这种动物的“驯化基因”。在生物体中，基因控制性状表现的主要途径