TPO1-30 综合写作阅读、听力原文 满分范文

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-31听力原文文本【最新修订版】摘要：托福TPO1-31听力原文文本【最新修订版】!为帮助大家更好的使用托福听力TPO资料，小编今天特给出最新修订版内容，让大家了解最新的考试内容，这是完整的托福TPO1-31听力原文文本还有音频资料哦!托福 TPO1-31听力原文文本【最新修订版】!为帮助大家更好的使用托福听力 TPO资料，小编今天特给出最新修订版内容，让大家了解最新的考试内容，这是完整的托福TPO1-31听力原文文本还有音频资料哦!TPO1Conversation 1NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.StudentHi, um…, I really hope you can help me.LibrarianThat’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?StudentI’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m… having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well, there’re a few things… oh wait… have you checked to see if your professor put any materials for you to look at on reserve?Studentifferent journals.Librarian针对大家托福听力提分困难的复习处境，小马有开发出模拟托福听力考场环境的托福听力APP,小马托福听力APP中涵盖了TPO1-34听力真题全部内容的，答案解析应有尽有。

TPO1综合写作作文参考TPO1范文：The lecturer claims that the new policy, which allows people to work four days a week instead of five, will bring side effects to both the companies and the society. This does not agree with the reading passage, which suggests that such a policy would be beneficial.To begin with, according to the lecture, a company that allows employees to have fewer working hours is likely to hire more people to ensure their normal productivity. As a result, expenses for training and medical insurance will inevitably rise. The reading passage, by contrast, suggests that employees who enjoy more leisure time will have fewer mistakes and work more efficiently, leading to the increase of profit for the enterprise.The second point of difference is regarding impact on unemployment rate. The lecturer asserts that for the sake of saving money, the employers might raise their expectation on 4-day employees, rather than recruit more people. Consequently, the employees who work 4 days will be forced to finish what they did in 5 days previously, and therefore no additional jobs will be created.Finally, the lecturer argues that not only the quality of life will decline if an employee works shorter hours and receives less pay, but also they have less chance to be promoted to a supervisory position. However, the reading passage contends that more leisure hours can create opportunities to strengthen family ties and allow employees to develop private interests, making them feel more satisfied about life.修改稿：The lecturer claims that the new policy, which allows people to work four days a week instead of five, will have negative effects for companies as well as society. This claim is not in agreement with that of the reading passage, which suggests that such a policy will be beneficial.According to the lecture, a company that allows employees to have fewer working hours is likely to hire more people to ensure that it meets normal levels of productivity. If this occurs, expenses for training and medical insurance will inevitably rise. The reading passage, by contrast, suggests that employees who enjoy more leisure time make fewer mistakes and work more efficiently, leading to increased profits for the enterprise.The second point of difference between the lecture and the reading passage concerns the impact of the policy on the unemployment rate. The lecturer asserts that for the sake of saving money,employers might raise their expectations of 4-day employees rather than recruit more people.Consequently, employees who work 4 days will be forced to finish what they did in 5 days previously, and no additional jobs will be created.Finally, the lecturer argues that under the new policy, employees will experience not onlydecreased quality of life (as shorter working hours will translate into less pay), but also fewerchances to be promoted to supervisory positions. However, the reading passage contends thatmore leisure hours can create opportunities to strengthen family ties and allow employees todevelop private interests, making them feel more satisfied with their lives.。

The professor think that by 4-day workweek rules, the company may probabely cost more and cut in their profits.Firstly, more employees means more work space and more computers, this is a large budget that the lecture didn,t include. Even thought they accept that they can be payed less if they go on the four-day workweek, the amount of work doesn't change. To fullfill the company's business goal, they need to hire more empolyees, therefore more private work space and computers and stuff like that are needed. Since the new employees take up the salary which the others gave up, the cost of the computer and workplace cannot be solved without investing more money.Secondly, by reducing the work hour, one emploee's assignment cannot be accomplished as much as before, and then the leftover must be shifted to another employee. Also, with less time to work, the employees should work much harder than they used to be. This will lead to a high work expectations that make one's pressure more intense. How can a man live a good life under a huge stress? On the contrary to the lecture, less work time will oppositely lead to an unpleasant life than a better life which can improve one's work efficiency and make more benefits to the company.Finally, as the competition is so high in the work market, one who just work for 4 days a week cannot match those who work as hard as they can and at least 5 days a week. Being less competitive, one cannot keep their job stability, and may be the first sacrifice of the job competition. Since the boss must give their credit to those who work 5 days a week other than those who work only 4 days a week. Therefore, the delegant ones get promoted for they can be relied on crucial tasks and they will supervise the company constantly with lower absense-error happening.。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO1口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO1口语Task3阅读文本： Letter in the Centerville College News The administration has plans to acquire a new sculpture for campus. We should all oppose this plan. The university's poor financial condition led it to increase the price for campus housing and tuition by 15% this past year. Surely then it is no financial position to purchase such an expensive sculpture. Moreover, just look at the sculpture: several 60-foot ling steel plates, jutting out of the earth at odd angles! It's so large, it'll take up all the green space in front of the campus center! This is public space that should be reserved for students to use. 托福TPO1口语Task3听力文本： Now listen to two students discussing the opinion expressed in the letter.(man) Did you see Paul's letter in the paper about the new sculpture?(woman) Yeah, but it was totally unconvincing. His reasons for opposing the plan are just totally off.I am glad that we'll finally have some nice art on campus. I'd like to shake the donor's hand and say “thank you.”(man) What do you mean the donor?(woman) You didn't know? An anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculpture.(man) Not the university?(woman) No! His assumptions about who's paying are all wrong!(man) Still, I wonder if he has a point about the space it'll take up?(woman) Well, you know why Paul is upset. He and his friends are always out there on the lawn right where the sculpture will be, kicking around the soccer ball. Now they'll just have to use another part of the campus to play.(man) Oh! So he just doesn't want to have to move.(woman) Yeah! For him, it's sculpture versus convenience. 托福TPO1口语Task3题目： Explain why the woman disagrees with the reasons expressed in the letter. 托福TPO1口语Task3满分范文： Well, the woman disagrees with the reasons and points made in the letter for some reasons. First of all, the woman believes that the money wouldn't be a problem and the assumption in the letter is totally wrong, since an anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculptures instead of the university. And she disagrees with the advice made in the letter because she thinks that the lawn taken for the sculptures will only upset Paul alone instead of other students, simply because Paul has to move to other places of the campus for his ball-playing. In a word, the woman disagrees with the letter for the reasons stated above. (116 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO1口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

Do you agree or disagree：Celebrities are more important to younger people than they are to older people.写作思路：题目太抽象了，结果写了两个小时。

名声对于每个人都很重要，特别是是年轻人他们可能更加在意自己的celebrity。

（1）年轻人相对于老年人有更广阔的社交，一个好的名声可以让他们交到更多的朋友，认识更多的人。

而老年人的社交相对狭窄，不需要交太多朋友。

（2）年轻人需要找工作，有一个好的名声，可以相对容易的找的工作。

而老年人找工作时，人们可能更看重他们的经验（3）外界对于一个人的信任和认可程度，老年人的认识已经比较深，了解比较多。

相对年轻人，可能大家对他们的认识不会太多，所以相对而言名誉也就更重要.When we think about the importance of celebrities for a person, we can say it's more important for a younger people to have good celebrities than older people. There are several reasons for that, such as the social relationship for young people, the younger needing to find a good job and people's cognition to them.First, younger people have wider social relationship than the elderly. Young people always have a lot of friends and they also like to make friends with other people. If a young people have a good reputation, people may like to build a relationship with him or her. For example, my friend Sally is a beautiful and hot-heart girl, she likes to help other people no matter what kind of problems they meet, so she gets a good reputation in our college. One day, one of my friends coming from another college asked me if I was acquainted with sally and he wanted to make friends with her. I was surprised since Sally was unlikely to have any interactions with him. Then I know the reason that it's the Sally's good fame making people like my friend want to make friends with her. However, the elderly have a relatively small social relationship and do not need to make many friends. Thus the celebrities to them are comparatively less important than then the younger.Besides, since young people have little working experience, their boss may value their celebrities much more. When the young people go to find some jobs, their employers know little about them. So they would prefer to ask their school teachers for advice, if the young people have left good impression in their teachers. They may have more chances to get their jobs. Even some teachers would recommend best students who have good celebrity in school to big companies. But when it comes to older people, due to their lots of working experience, their employer may concern more about if their working experience are suitable for their company not the fame. From this point of view, the celebrities to younger people are more important. Finally, because the elderly have been familiar by others, they can easily get the trust from other people, while a young people may need a good reputation to get others'trust. As we know, many old people have worked for dozens of years, their boss and coworkers already have a great acquaintance with them, what kind of character they are, what they like and dislike. So it's easier for them to get trust from those persons. But for a new young employee, many people do not know them. If they want to get same trust as the older, they need to accumulate their good fame. A good celebrity can make unfamiliar people trust young people and help them get involved in the company.In the nutshell, celebrities are of more significance for younger people and have a more impact their lives. Therefore, for younger people, celebrities are more important than the older people.。

托福综合写作练习及听力原文Exercise 1Soon there will be something new for the tourist who has been everywhere and seen everything on Earth. Spacecraft being developed by private commercial companies will soon enable private citizens to buy their own tickets to travel into space, thereby creating a space tourism industry. So far, space travel has been undertaken only by governments, but the new, privatized spaceflight industry will bring great benefits to both science and the public. First, private space travel will benefit serious space exploration by making spaceflight cheaper. Privatization of space technology will bring technological costs down very fast because it will allow competition—and competition is one of the strongest motivators to cut costs. Thus, lowering the cost of space travel will benefit not only space tourists but also scientists, who will be able to use private space flights for research purposes. Furthermore, privatization of space travel will accelerate the rate at which important scientific discoveries occur. The aerospace industry already sponsors a lot of groundbreaking scientific research, and adding private spaceflight companies to it will make the industry as a whole grow in size, thereby employing more scientists than it does now. That increased number of working scientists means not only that more discoveries are likely to be made but also that those discoveries are likely to be made more quickly than in the past. Finally, when governments are the sole providers of space travel, the costs are paid for by the whole taxpaying public, but with privatization, the expenses of space travel will be borne by the customers of the industry. The fact that private spaceflight operators will be able to raise funds through ticket sales means that the financial burden on taxpayers will be eased significantly.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write. 1Exercise 2Educators have long recognized that high school can be a difficult experience for many students. Along with the stress of challenging academic work, high school can also be a source of social, emotional, and even financial stress. One effective way of decreasing these nonacademic kinds of stress is to require students to wear a school uniform so that all students wear basically the same clothing. One of the most obvious benefits of such a policy is that it makes high school more affordable for both students and their parents. Clothing, especially trendy, fashionable clothing, is very expensive, and teenagers usually want to have several different outfits in their wardrobes—for some, the more the better. When there is no possibility of dressing fashionably at school, a student’s clothing bill will go down drastically. Furthermore, wearing the same school uniform as everyone else eliminates a significant source of discomfort and self-consciousness for many teenagers: the uncertainty that what they are wearing is “right.” Such anxiety interferes with a student’s ability to act in ways that show his or her personality to advantage. Finally, a mandatory school-uniform policy will reduce the amount of teasing and bullying among students. Currently, many students are teased or put down simply because they dress differently from everyone else or because they can’t afford to dress like the majority. Once all students wear the same uniform, there will be much less opportunity for these kinds of intimidating behaviors.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write. 2Exercises 3Donating part of one’s income to public causes, known as charitable giving, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years, and, for several reasons, it is unlikely to increasein the future. One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services. The government assumes much of the responsibility for feeding the poor, providing health care, and taking care of the victims of natural disasters—functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent. Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations. These salaries and expenses for travel, fancy offices, and advertising significantly reduce the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes. Naturally people have been turned off by these excesses and inefficiencies. Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations by organizations or individuals who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequently. And since the incidence of charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines in charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken advantage of. Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write. 3Exercises 4It used to be that parents took their children on vacation during the summer, when school was out of session. But today, much more often than in the past, many parents take their children on vacation during the school year. Although these children areaway from school, sometimes for several weeks, traveling itself serves a valuable educational function. The most important educational benefit of taking children on vacation is that traveling exposes children to new places and cultures. It is good for children to read about distant countries, but it is even better to take them there. What students learn by meeting the people and absorbing the culture of these places is something they could not learn in their classrooms. Moreover, the benefits to the children who have been away from the classroom for several weeks traveling continue after they have returned to their classes. Students who are in school every day of the school year can easily lose enthusiasm for their studies. But students invigorated by time away return with heightened excitement. The trend of students taking vacations during the school year also has benefits for teachers. When these students return to school, their knowledge and enthusiasm contribute positively to the entire class. Teachers can ask the children to share stories of their travels with their peers and can incorporate what they have learned from traveling into writing and reading projects. This makes lesson development easier for teachers because the returning students’ experiences provide a ready basis for classroom discussions and projects. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they oppose points made in the reading passage.4Exercises 5Easter Island, a small, remote island in the Pacific Ocean, was once home to a flourishing culture. But about 500 years ago (A. D. 1500), its society went into a steep decline. History teaches us that events like this are often caused by outside influences. So it is not unreasonable to consider whether there are facts about the decline of Easter Island’s society that would be explained by a hypothesis of an invasion. One such fact has to do with trees. Most Pacific island societies have managed to find an ecologically balanced way of living by using—but notoverexploiting—natural resources such as trees. Most Pacific islands, therefore, remain lush—but not Easter Island. Although it was once densely forested, most of its trees had disappeared by about 500 years ago. Environmental destruction of this sort has often been caused by invaders who deplete an area’s natural resources without any concern for the future. Facts about the large stone statues on Easter Island could also support the idea of an invasion. There are about 900 of these statues on the island; the largest is over 20 meters tall. The native society clearly placed a great deal of importance on their production. Yet about the same time that the island became deforested, islanders stopped making these huge statues. An invasion would help explain why this traditional practice came to a sudden end. Furthermore, we know that around the time these other changes were taking place, a new religion developed on Easter Island: the “Birdman” worship. There is no convincing evidence that the Birdman religion existed before 1500, which suggests that this new religious practice may have been introduced by outsiders. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically indicate how they challenge explanations offered in the reading passage.5Exercises 6When a company needs to hire someone for a managerial position, there is often a choice between promoting an employee who is already working inside the company or bringing in a person from outside. Hiring a qualified outsider is often to a company’s advantage for several reasons. An important reason for hiring outsiders as managers is that they bring a new perspective. This contributes to the diversity of ideas and allows company practices to be seen in a new light. Often, an outside hire will ask, “What’s the reason for doing things this way?” This question may lead to a reevaluation of practices that are actually inefficient but have become so much a part of the routine that it’s difficult for insiders to question them. Another major factor to beconsidered is the cost of on-the-job training. Hiring outsiders allows a company to look for people who already have the particular skills and experience required for the job. The company will not have to spend time and money training an internal employee for the new job—something that has to be done when, for example, an employee is promoted from a technical position to a managerial one. In such a case, usually the employee would be sent to classes to help learn needed managerial skills. Finally, managers hired from the outside will often have business contacts with suppliers, customers, and technicians that they have developed in their previous job. Clearly these contacts can be a valuable asset for the company that hires managers from the outside.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write. 6 Exercises 7Scant physical evidence remains of the first human domestication of grain. Still, there is enough to conclude that ancient peoples, motivated by the nutritional value of bread or cakes made of wild wheat, looked for controlled ways to grow it to provide a consistent food supply. Three related discoveries are likely to have led to the introduction of bread as the first grain-based food. The first discovery was that wheat could be prepared for use by grinding. People probably began consuming wheat by chewing it raw. Because wheat is very hard, they gradually discovered that it was less trouble to eat if crushed to paste between two stones—the result would have been the ancestor of the drier, more powdery wheat flour we use today. From there, it was a short step to the next breakthrough: baking the simplest bread, which requires no technology but fire. Loaves of wheat paste, when baked into bread, could be stored for long periods, certainly longer than raw seeds. This kept the food value of wheat available for an extended period after it had been harvested. Finally, ancient peoplesfound that, if the paste was allowed to sit in the open, yeast spores from the air settled on it and began fermenting the wheat. This natural process of fermentation caused bubbles to from in the wheat paste that suggested it would be lighter in texture and even easier to eat when baked.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on the contents of the reading. You may refer to the passage as you write. 7Exercises 8Wilderness management has advanced greatly over the last century, due in part to such practices as the suppression of forest fired and limitations on the clear-cutting of trees. Monitoring forests for small brushfires is easier with aircraft, as is the use of large amounts of water and sophisticated chemical fire extinguishers to prevent fires from spreading. The goals decreasing the amount of destruction by fires and cutting are wide-ranging. One is simply the longer lives and improved health of trees. In some areas of hickory and oak forest on the Eastern Seaboard, fire suppression has allowed the maturation of so many trees that the treetops form a continuous canopy. There is evidence of the healthful effects of fire suppression closer to the ground as well. Vines and low bushes that would be burned out in a forest fire can flourish when fires are suppressed, of course, but there is a more indirect way fires harm plant life. Chemical tests on areas that have recently experienced forest fires demonstrate that burning decreases the overall amount of nutrients in the soil. Suppressing fires prevents such a decrease. Ferns, wildflowers and herbs grow without disturbance. Finally, wildlife can benefit. In the eastern hickory and oak forest, the suppression of fires has meant that forest animals---ranging from small insects and birds to large deer and bears—are not burned to death. Deer populations, in particular, have increased notably.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they challengespecific plans made in the reading passage. You may refer to the passage as you write. 8Listening Scripts Exercise 1Professor: Well, it looks as though we’ll soon see private spaceships carrying tourists into space. But will it really provide great benefits for serious science and for the public? I don’t think so. First, privatized space travel, which is extraordinarily expensive, is likely to stay that way. For one thing, commercial space travel will require an elaborate space traffic-control system to prevent collisions —and the development and operation of such a system won’t come cheap either. Another thing that’ll keep costs high is tested and retested—and that also tends to be a very expensive process. Both of those costs will be reflected in the prices of the spaceflight tickets, so no one should expect the cost of space flights to go down fast. Second, if commercial spaceflight has any effect at all on the rate of scientific discovery and innovation, it will be to delay or even prevent such discovery and innovation. If the best and the brightest engineers get lured away from government space programs by the high salaries offered by private, for-profit companies, they might end up working on commercial stuff that doesn't have much scientific value. And as a result, serious space research might actually suffer. And finally, will the taxpaying public get off the hook financially? No chance! The fact is that so-called private space tourism isn’t possible without huge public tax subsidies. It will take billions and billions of dollars to build space stations, space airports, and so on, and private investors simply cannot raise such huge amounts. So the burden on taxpayers won’t be significantly eased with the development of the private spaceflight industry. In fact, all taxpayers’ll be paying more to subsidize the vacations of the space tourists.Exercise 2Professor: What you’ve just read really is way too optimistic. It’s rather easyto poke holes in the reasoning. First off, school uniforms are themselves often quite costly—usually they are only available from certain select stores. Plus, what kind of clothes will students put on after school when they go meet their friends? Well, if you can’t dress trendy at school, it's even more likely you’ll want to do that after school. So kids will still demand a full wardrobe of fashionable after-school clothes in addition to their uniforms. To take up another point, doing away with differences in dress can affect some students quite negatively. Many students may feel very uncomfortable—might even feel self-conscious—about how they look when they are not allowed to select the clothes that they wear. For many, choosing clothing is not a matter of making a fashion statement; it is simply a way of presenting themselves in ways they feel will call attention to what they consider their attractive features—plus they feel they can also select clothing to de-emphasize other features they perhaps like less about themselves. So school uniforms can actually end up increasing self-consciousness and discomfort among students. Finally, students will always pick on other students. Dividing into groups, teasing and bullying other for being different—these are things teenagers everywhere do because they are at that particular stage of life. If students cannot pick on differences in dress, they will surely find other things to pick on—things like choice in music or the kind of backpack brought to school—any of these can easily take on as much importance as clothing. 9Exercise 3Professor: There’s no doubt that giving to charities has declined in recent years, but there are good reasons to think it’ll soon begin to go up. Consider, for example, the fact that the number of elderly and retired people in our society keeps growing. Right now, elderly citizens who can’t afford health care often rely on government programs to pay for it. But as the elderly population grows, government programs probably won’t be able to cover the health assistance, Americans respond to thatneed. And since the need will be increasing, we should expect to see charitable giving rise accordingly. There’s another reason to be optimistic about the future of charitable giving. The disclosures of waste and bad management at major charities, and people’s anger at this waste, are producing significant reforms. Overpaid managers have been forced to resign by the bad publicity. Charities are reducing their expenses and are now subject to closer public scrutiny. As a result, people are regaining confidence that the money they donate will support the causes they care about. People’s reaction to charity fraud is also evolving. In the short run, people don’t want to donate because they’re concerned with whether charities are honest. But in the long run, such skepticism makes people careful, not stingy. For example, many people now refuse to give money when they’re asked to do so over the telephone. They insist on receiving proof and documentation before they donate. Just as people learn how to be careful consumers, most people are acquiring the skills needed to guard against charity fraud without stopping their support for worthwhile causes. Exercise 4Professor: Now, let’s consider how taking children on vacation when school is in session impacts their education. I believe the impact on children and their teachers can be quite negative. While students have been traveling, their fellow students have been working. What do you think happens when they return to school? Well, they have to spend a lot of time “playing catch-up,” you know, doing work that fellow students have already done. It’s one thing to miss a day or two of school, but many parents take their children on vacation for weeks on end, and it’s very difficult for any child to make up that much missed time. So, the missed learning has to be weighed against the benefits of traveling and learning about other cultures. On balance, what is lost is greater than what is gained. When children come back to class after a long trip, they’re excited about their recent adventures. Sounds good, but this enthusiasm can have a downside. Their excitement can make it difficult for them to fit back into the routine of the school day. School seems a little boring to them, so they’re notattentive to their studies, and their restlessness can distract other students. When a student is distracted or has to catch up on missed work, there’s a negative effect on the teacher too. Teachers have lesson plans that detail, day by day, what they are going to teach. When a student is absent from the classroom, this interferes with a teacher’s plan for that student. And if teachers spend time helping a few students catch up, they have less time for other students… so they suffer too.10Exercise 5Professor: The idea considered in the reading is not unreasonable in the abstract, but all the concrete evidence points to internal causes for the decline of Easter Island’s culture 500 years ago. It’s a sad story of a native culture that did not have the foresight to sustain itself. In the centuries before 1500, the inhabitants of Easter Island were prosperous… so prosperous that they were able to invest extra time and energy in building giant statues, which became important signs of status. Different island communities began competing as to who could erect the most statues. Now here’s where the problem for trees comes in: archaeological evidence shows that the islanders used tree logs to move the statues into position. So, as the number of statues increased, more and more trees had to be cut, until finally, 500 years ago, there were no more left. Of course, once the trees were gone, the islander could no longer build rafts to fish at sea, and so they could no longer catch big fish. As the necessities of life became harder and harder to get, the islanders no longer had the time and energy to create big statues. Without logs, of course, they couldn't move the statues anyway, so naturally the interest in making the statues declined. Finally, it would not be surprising if the islanders lost confidence in their old gods when life on the island became a struggle for survival. I mean, the old gods wouldn’t seem to be protecting them any more. So it would be natural for the islanders to have developed a different religious idea, hoping that the new god would ensurethem a better life.Exercise 6Professor: For some of the reasons presented in the reading, many companies have a policy of hiring outsiders to fill managerial positions. However, a closer examination will show that the policy is misguided. First of all, the new perspective an outsider brings into the company’s corporate structure often leads to conflict in the managerial team. Companies often have specific corporate philosophies… (for example, about how decisions are to be reached and how work is to be organized). So when outsiders bring with them a significantly different philosophy, this can create serious disagreement and conflict… and make it difficult for the managerial team as a whole to function smoothly and efficiently. An internal employee, by contrast, is more likely to know company tradition. Another point to note is that hiring outsiders may entail an additional cost that perhaps isn’t obvious. It’s true that outside hires may come with required managerial skills and experience. But to become effective as managers in a new company, they also have to establish personal relationships with their new colleagues—get to know them and win their trust. This can often take more time than one would expect, and an uncomfortable settling-in period between a new boss and workers can also be more costly in lost productivity than on-the-job training for an internal employee. Finally, suppose a company makes a point of hiring outsiders as managers instead of promoting insiders. Well, that company will soon find that its own best employees will have not choice but to look to advance their own careers outside the company. And when these key employees leave, they will also take their valuable business contacts away with them to their new employer.11Exercise 7Conventional wisdom says that a very primitive kind of bread was the first grain food that human societies ate. But, you know, for the last few decades, there’s been analternative hypothesis that quite a few anthropologists are starting to give a closer look. That hypotheses says that is was, in fact, beer—not bread—that was the first again food. Sound strange? Consider a couple of things. For one thing, you don’t have to grind wheat to make it easier to eat. If you keep it in a moist environment, it naturally starts sprouting, with a new baby plant splitting the hard seed case in half. Sprouted wheat is sweeter, softer, and actually more nutritious than whole wheat seeds—and it would have developed without human bright idea of crushing it. In order to discover the usefulness of ground wheat, someone gad to get the bright idea of crushing it. To discover the usefulness of sprouted wheat, people just had to do nothing and let it sit. Which do you think happened first? Another thing: what turns grain into beer is fermentation, and wheat begins to ferment almost as soon as it’s stored—from water and yeasts in the air. After the wheat sprouted, it would have started to ferment. The process would have been obvious because of the bubbles and foam that formed. People could have experimented by tasting it and discovering the first beer. And even if you assume that people were already grinding wheat to paste, think about it. The paste ferments and bubbles. Is it likely that early peoples would have thought to fire it before eating? We’re used to cooking our food, but in prehistoric times, the idea that you would take fire to food to improve it for eating was not obvious.Exercise 8For years, forest fires were regarded as uniformly destructive, and forest managers put alout of effort into preventing them. But it turns out that fire suppression may have destructive long-term effects on the forests it’s supposed to protect. For instance, mature oaks have grown so thickly in some places that little light reaches the forest floor. But young oak trees need light in order to grow properly. The lack of light has meant that new oaks aren’t maturing rapidly enough to replace the older oaks. It also means that other tree species that don’t need so much light, such as maples, are invading oak and hickory forests and competing for resource. There arecompetition problems at ground level too. What forest fires, both natural and13 artificial, used to do is burn off some of the plants on the forest floor before theycould grow into huge thickets. Now they run wild over the ground—and again, thatmeans it’s hard for young trees and other native plants to grow. Then there’s theincrease in the deer population—this partially results from the lack of forest firesand partially from limitations on hunting—but the thing is, deer like to eat theleaves off oak saplings. So if one of those oak seedlings somehow does manage to geta good start, despite the shade and all the other plants competing for nutrients,it’s likely to be killed by having its leaves eaten. Oh, and one other thing: Scientistsare now finding that forest fires release nutrients from the plants and animals thatare burned. That means that, even though the total amount of nutrients is decreased,there can actually be more nutrients available on the soil surface for plants thatare trying to grow back afterward.12。

托福写作真题与范文托福综合写作对于刚入门托福备考的童鞋可谓难度不小，因为我们之前接触的传统考试几乎很少有如此“综合”的写作考察，阅读、听力、写作任何一个部分不够好都会影响到整体发挥。

想要更好备考托福综合写作，我们需要合理充分利用TPO真题作为绝佳备考资料，熟悉综合写作曾经考过的学科话题内容，借鉴优秀范文中值得学习的写作思路和亮眼表达。

下面我们来看一篇关于TPO3综合写作的阅读听力原文与优秀范文赏析。

TPO3综合写作阅读部分Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’clothing, would not have beenguilty of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.TPO3综合写作听力部分Professor:Everything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint haveshown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".我们综合阅读和听力的内容会发现TPO3这题主要考察了关于一幅人物画究竟是不是Rembrandt的作品的探讨，阅读部分从三方面给出理由认为画作并非出自Rembrandt之手，而听力部分则根据阅读部分的三方面理由各个击破反驳了阅读的观点，认为这幅画作就是出自Rembrandt之手。

托福TPO25综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福整理】雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。

如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可以极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。

如何使用这个文件呢？首先，就是在自己做托福TPO模考之后，可以根据这里面的听力的文本，来检验自己的听力内容是否抓的足够好，尤其是要看写的够不够全！第二点，也可以用于在托福考试前来做跟读，口语实力不够，那么做跟读，仔细地来模仿ETS 官方素材，是一个很好的提高自己口语的方式。

毕竟托福口语最终考的，是口语本身说的是否足够流畅，要想在考试的时候说的很流畅，就是要在平时张口多说，只有多说，我们才能够做到足够的流利。

第三点，熟悉托福考试的专业词汇。

不少托福考生之所以在听力考试里面不够给力，是因为对于里面的专业词汇不够熟悉。

在托福考试过程中，核心词汇不懂的话，在听力部分只能束手就擒了。

TPO25 综合写作听力+阅读原文ReadingIn 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have beenattached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.Second, the copper cylinders inside the jars look exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancient city located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.ListeningYour reading says that these vessels were not used as batteries in ancient times, but the arguments used in the reading are not convincing. The battery explanation could very well be correct.First, about the absence of wires or other conductors. Remember, vessels were discovered by local people, not archaeologists. These people might have found other material located near the jars. But since they were not trained archaeologists, they may not have recognized the importance of that material. So materials serving as wires or conductors might have been overlooked as uninteresting or even thrown away. We'll never know.Second, it is true that the copper cylinders in the vessels are similar to the cylindersused to hold scrolls, but that does not really prove anything. It's possible that the copper cylinders were originally designed to preserve scrolls. And that some ancient inventor later discovered that if you use them together with iron rods and some liquid in a clay vessel, they will produce electricity. That's how the first ancient battery could have been born. In other words, the copper cylinders could have been originally used for one purpose, but then adapted for another purpose.Finally, there's the question of the possible uses of the battery in the ancient world. Well, the battery could produce a mild shock or tingling sensation when someone touched it. This could very well have been interpreted as evidence of some invisible power. You can easily see how people could convince others that they had magical powers through the use of the battery. Also, the battery could have been used for healing. Modern medicine uses mild electric current to stimulate muscles and relieve aches and pains. Ancient doctors may have used the batteries for the same purpose.由于篇幅有限，托福综合写作满分范文，在雷哥托福微信公众号获取。

tpo综合作文范文导语：ETS推出的TPO系列是各位考生在备战新托福考试时非常重要的资料之一，下面是新托福名师推荐的TPO综合写作中的满分范文，希望能帮助许多刚刚接触新托福的朋友们了解和熟悉综合写作的方式和套路，拿到新托福综合写作的高分。

tpo综合作文范文一The lecturer claims that the new policy, which allows people to work four days a week instead of five, will have negative effects for companies as well as society. This claim is not in agreement with that of the reading passage, which suggests that such a policy will be beneficial.According to the lecture, a company that allows employees to have fewer working hours is likely to hire more people to ensure that it meets normal levels of productivity. If this occurs, expenses for training and medical insurance will inevitably rise. The reading passage, by contrast, suggests that employees who enjoy more leisure time make fewer mistakes and work more efficiently, leading to increased profits for the enterprise.The second point of difference between the lecture and the reading passage concerns the impact of the policy on the unemployment rate. The lecturer asserts that for the sake of saving————来源网络搜集整理，仅供个人学习查参考money, employers might raise their expectations of 4-day employees rather than recruit more people.Consequently, employees who work 4 days will be forced to finish what they did in 5 days previously, and no additional jobs will be created.Finally, the lecturer argues that under the new policy, employees will experience not only decreased quality of life (as shorter working hours will translate into less pay), but also fewer chances to be promoted to supervisory positions. However, the reading passage contends that more leisure hours can create opportunities to strengthen family ties and allow employees to develop private interests, making them feel more satisfied with their lives.tpo综合作文范文二Does modern technology help students learn more information and learn it more quickly?Marvelous as it looks at first sight, modern technology does not help students learn information at a greater speed and with higher efficiency in most cases; or it could work towards the opposite direction which led students to lose their initiative to learn and explore.First of all, one property of modern technology is latentlyharmful to any learning mind –it distracts. One thing we feel about when we are searching for information online is that the internet, as an outstanding example of modern technology and even regarded as the innovator of education, provides us with not only relevant results to make use of, but also external links to click. More than once I turned on my computer to check school library for resources, but ended up watching YB videos. In this case, computer as a representative of modern technology plays a negative role in learning information. We do acquire more information with the convenient tool, yet most of them are irrelevant and in the end procrastinating would lower our learning.Also, students would easily become disoriented in the huge sea of information. Although modern technology could equip us with easy access to information, the huge amount of resources would actually leave us discombobulated. Therefore, it is only we possess information more quickly rather than we learn it more quickly. An illustrating example is my experience with a HK digital library which stores almost all the books I desire. At first I enjoyed downloading them from the database, however, one month later I ended up with hundreds of books stored in my hardware yet none of them finished or ever clicked.Furthermore, modern technology gives students an illusionthat information and real knowledge is easy to learn –just by clicking mouse or watching videos. But in fact this forms only the first step towards useful information and effective learning, as learning of any kind requires full concentration and interactive thinking, which are almost absent in the pocess of popular e-learning experience.To summarize, modern technology does not help students learn more information and learn it more quickly, though it does make access to information and resources much more easily. The popular e-learning still lacks the concentration, depth, and interaction that are the hallmark of traditional ways of educating and learning.。

小编发布托福TPO2综合写作(阅读+听力)，希望帮助考生对照文本更好的研究真题，充分备考，争取理想成绩，实现留学梦想。

TPO3ReadingRembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt wereactually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandtbecause of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman's face is verymuch like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problemswith the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in theportrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar thatno servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to thedetails of his subjects'clothing, would not have been guilty of such aninconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in thispainting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminatedby light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark furcollar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face shouldappear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would neverhave made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it waspainted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. AlthoughRembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt's paintings in the 1930s.ListeningProfessorEverything you just read about“Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet”is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the painthave shown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of theadded fur color was removed, the original could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added,。