高考英语语法专题——专题12冠词

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，65)As ________ result, people will eat

more food to try to make up for that something missing.

答案：a as a result是固定搭配，意为“结果”，强调某种原因产生的结果。

2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，64)This included digging up the road,

laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________

top.

答案：the 此处特指“顶部”，故用定冠词the。

3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，62)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a

day as ________ model in New York.

答案：a 句意：相反，她在纽约做模特每天收入6,500英镑。model是可数名词，在此表示泛指，且读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。

4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by

stepping outside for ________ while,exercising, or doing

something you enjoy.

答案：a for a while “一会儿”，固定搭配。

5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)In that case, we will learn

little about ________ world.

答案：the 句意：那样的话，我们将会对这个世界了解甚少。world属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词，其前应用定冠词。

6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读A)In 1931, Addams became ________ first American woman to win theNobel Peace Prize.

答案：the 序数词前面加定冠词the。

7.(2016·浙江高考，2)________ prize for the winner of the

competition is ________ two­week holiday in Paris.

答案：The; a 句意：这次比赛的获胜者奖是去巴黎为期两周的休假。第一空，“比赛的获胜者奖”为特指，故应用定冠词the；第二空，泛指“一次两周的休假”，故应用定冠词a。

8.(2016·北京高考，完形)It was ________ cold January in

1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of

the world due to heavy snow.

答案：a 句意：这是阿拉斯加北部1925年一个十分寒冷的一月份。这个小镇因一场大雪而与外界隔绝。表示星期、月份的名词前一般不用冠词，但如果其前面有形容词修饰时则需用不定冠词，泛指某个星期几或某月份。

9.(2015·重庆高考，3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora

works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.

答案：the; a 句意：我刚刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个持枪蒙面歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”；第二空为泛指，表示“一个持枪蒙面歹徒”。

10.(2015·江苏高考，33)—Why didn't you invite John to your

birthday party？

—Well, you know he's ________ wet blanket.

答案：a 句意：——你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定搭配a wet blanket 意为“令人扫兴的人或物，煞风景者”，不定冠词表示泛指。

一、不定冠词的用法

1.泛指同类人或物中的任何一个，相当于any。

A horse has four legs.

2.泛指同类中的某一个人或某物。

Her father is an English teacher.

I need an iPhone.

3.泛指不确定的某一个，相当于a certain。

A Mr Lee is waiting for you at the school gate.

4.表示“一”或“每一”，相当于one或者every。

I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

They have 13 classes a week.

5.用在意义具体化的抽象名词和物质名词之前。

What you do with it will make you a success or failure.

If you can give her a surprise every time you meet her, it

will be a plus for you.

6.表示独一无二的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需用不定冠词。

a rising sun 一轮冉冉升起的太阳

a full moon 一轮满月

a peaceful world 一个和平的世界

7.表示季节、星期、三餐名称的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需用不定冠词。

a cold winter 一个寒冷的冬季

a rainy Monday 一个阴雨绵绵的星期一

a delicious supper 一顿美味晚餐

8.用在序数词前表示“再一”，“又一”。

She thanked him a second time.

注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。

He is a top student in our class, and he often gets a first

in maths.

9.用于某些固定词组中

二、定冠词的用法

1．表示类别

(1)用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。

The horse is a useful animal.

(2)用在一些形容词前表示一类人或事物。

the poor 穷人， the rich 富人， the old 老年人， the young

年轻人， the new 新手， the sick 病人， the dead 死人， the deaf

聋子， the blind 盲人， the wound 伤者， the weak 弱者， the

strong 强者， the good 好人；善良， the true 真理， the right

正义

(3)用在有些关于国家和民族的形容词前，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员。(这些形容词是以­sh, ­ch, ­ese结尾的)。

the Irish 爱尔兰人， the Welsh 威尔士人， the English 英格兰人， the French 法国人， the Chinese 中国人， the Japanese

日本人

2．表示特指

(1)特指上文已提到过的人或物。

The teacher told us a story. The story is very interesting.

(2)特指说话双方都知道或能意会到的人或物。

Please send the papers to the teacher.

Open the window, please.

(3)用在带有后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或物。

The man who wrote the novel is a famous writer.

Pass me the dictionary on the desk.

Who is the girl you just said hello to?

(4)用在比较级前，特指两个被比较的人或物中的一个。

He is the taller of the two children in his family.

3．其他用法

(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth, or the moon?

(2)用在序数词、形容词最高级前。

September is the ninth month of the year.

Spring is the best season of the year here.

注意：副词最高级前可以用定冠词，也可以不用。 (3)用在表示方向或方位的名词前。

Go straight, and turn to the left at the second crossing.

The sky is turning bright in the east.

(4)用在演奏的西洋乐器名称前。

Would you like to play the piano or the violin?

(5)用在姓氏复数前，表示全家人，或夫妇俩。

The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table.

(6)用于固定结构“动词＋sb. ＋介词＋the＋身体部位名称”中。

She hit him in the face then ran away.

The stone hit him right on the nose.

She patted the dog on the head.

(7)用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。

the United States 美国

the Communist Party of China 中国共产党

the Changjiang River 长江

the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉

(8)用于一些固定搭配中。

at the age of 在……岁时

at the beginning of 在……的开始

at the foot of 在……的脚下

at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布(而无力保护自己)