unit2-reading
Part 1 Cloze (with no choices provided)
(每小题：分)
Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one word. In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' 1.
"This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs
in grains. Eat these foods 2.
example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato 3.
4.
of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends 5.
iron pans, as food can 6.
the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And people who are likely to have low iron
should avoid 7.
since 8.
being absorbed 9.
"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices,"
sums up Purdue's Lyle. "If you pay attention to warning signs before
iron reserves are 10.
deficiency before it really becomes a problem."
Part 2 Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice + Blank Filling)
(每小题：分)
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Engineers of the Woods
In the forests of North America, where the winters are often long and cold, small lakes can be found along the streams. Sometimes these lakes are natural, sometimes they are man-made, and sometimes they are the constructions of beavers (海狸). You can tell a beaver lake by its dam. To make the dams, the beavers lay sticks and branches on top of each other to form an effective barrier against the water of the stream. Near the dam the beavers lay sticks and branches. Usually this barrier is similar to a small island in a lake. This is the house where a beaver family spends the winter, protecting themselves from enemies and from the cold. The beavers are able to keep dry in the center of the house, which is above water level. The beavers work hard to make their house. They cut down trees, gather branches and put them together with mud. Most of the summer is spent on this kind of work, but in winter the beavers' work pays off. Their house protects them from bears as well as the cold.
The beaver is related to animals such as rats and mice. The beaver, however, is much bigger than his relatives. An adult beaver may weigh more than 50 pounds, and his body may be about three feet long. His tail will add ten to twelve more inches to his length. His back feet are webbed, which help him swim rapidly. His front feet are similar to a pair of strong hands. With them he can carry wood and stones. His eyes, nose and ears are small, but he has two huge front teeth. These teeth are always growing, and he must keep them sharp by constant use. The teeth of an adult beaver are yellow from the bark of trees that he bites.
Men attach great value to the beaver because beavers can be sold to make expensive clothing. Beavers have almost disappeared from Europe because trappers (设阱捕兽者) have killed so many of them. Beavers might easily have become extinct in America, too, but laws were passed to protect them before they were all killed.
The beaver likes family life, and lives with the same mate all his life. Several young—usually two to five—are born every year. The little beavers stay with their parents for two years before mating and setting out on their own. They share the work of building dams, constructing homes and raising the young.
When there are too many beavers in one place, some of them will group together in another place. They usually choose a spot near some fairly deep
lake or river, where there are trees. The bark of trees is eaten as food. Then the wood is used for building.
Sometimes the lodges are built on the bank of the water, but usually they are built on an island in the water. If there is no island already there, the beavers make one by piling sticks and mud on the bed of the river until the top is a few inches above the level of the water. The top is carpeted with small pieces of wood leaves. A roof of sticks and lots of mud is then built over this "floor". Food for the winter is taken to the lodge before the weather gets too cold. Some of it—the larger pieces—is stored on the bottom of the lake or river, near the entrance to a tunnel leading up to the lodge. There are sometimes several such entrances, under the surface of the water. Wood that is kept under water may be stuck in the mud, or weighted down with stones.
Beavers prefer to work at night. One beaver, on a single night, can cut down a tree that is eight inches around. After cutting down the tree, the beaver cuts the trunk into pieces that can be carried. He uses these as the base for the dam. A small dam may be enlarged after several years, in order to flood a large surface and provide living space for more beavers. Under favorable conditions, a dam may last for a hundred years or more. Naturally, other animals use these dams as bridges, forcing the beavers to keep the dams in good repair. The dams must be strong enough to hold up against the pressure of ice in spring and sometimes, holes are made by the beavers,
after heavy rains, to allow excess water to run off.
Another type of work beavers do is canal digging. When they have used up the good trees near their home, they must bring more wood from farther away. To accomplish this, they may dig a canal (运河) to float the trees to the place where they are needed.
Beaver dams help people because they prevent floods and bring water to farms. It is fortunate that these animals have not been allowed to disappear completely.
1.The stick and branch dams made by beavers are similar to
________________.
A. houses where people spend the winter
B. small islands in a lake
C. barriers against the water of the stream
D. dams that are man-made
2.Beavers spend most of the summer ________________.
A. hiding from bears
B. making their house
C. keeping cold
D. looking for mice and rats
3.To help it swim quickly, a beaver has ________________.
A. small ears
B. strong front feet
C. a long tail
D. webbed back feet
4.________________ have (has) protected beavers from becoming
extinct.
A. Family life
B. Europe
C. Laws
D. Trappers
5.Beavers usually choose to live ________________.
A. in one place
B. near some deep lakes or rivers with food
C. near some deep lakes or rivers with trees
D. near the dams of rivers
6.On the bottom of the lake or river, beavers store ________________.
A. large pieces of food
B. small pieces of wood leaves
C. wood and stones
D. sticks and lots of mud
7.In only one night, a beaver can ________________.
A. build a small dam
B. cut down a tree
C. repair a dam
D. make more living space
8.After heavy rains, beavers make holes in the dam to let excess water
01_MYVARIABLE.
9.Beavers dig canals to 01_MYVARIABLE from the places farther away
to the places where they are needed.
10.Preventing floods and bringing water to farms are two ways that
beaver dams 01_MYVARIABLE.
Part 3 Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)
(每小题：分)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Summer is the ideal time of year for one of my favorite outdoor activities,
hiking (徒步旅行). It is much more than just a great workout. You get to be outside of the confines of a gym and be together with nature. You breathe in the fresh, clean air while the city life you endured all week just fades away. You are suddenly transported somewhere else. You are suddenly in a place where you can appreciate the untouched, simplistic beauty of nature. The trees are green, the wild flowers are growing and the woods are filled with activity. Once you experience it, you're hooked.
Whether hiking in the deserts of Arizona or the mountains of Alberta, you suddenly realize you are not alone and there is something much bigger at work. There is a realization that life is precious and you think deeply about your life.
Another wonderful part of hiking is that you can participate at any level and it is, for the most part, free. It is a great way to escape the rat race, even during the week. If you have any problems you need to solve, hiking is really good for clearing your head and removing stress.
If hiking sounds intimidating to you, it is essentially walking on a whole new level. Experts have spoken about the benefits of walking for years. Walking doesn't stress your legs as much as running and countless studies agree walking leads to weight loss and better health. It is good for your heart, reduces illness and has even been shown to enhance your thinking. So why wouldn't you want to do it?
1.What makes hiking different from other forms of exercise?
A. It is a great workout.
B. It is a summertime activity.
C. It is an activity that slows breathing.
D. It is an exercise that is done outside.
2.What disappears for someone who is hiking?
A. Green trees.
B. Beautiful nature.
C. City life.
D. Precious things.
3.Once you take up hiking in nature as something you do, you
________.
A. feel much bigger than before
B. love it and want to do it often
C. wish you lived outside of the city
D. look for new hiking places, like Arizona
4.How do you feel after you've begun hiking?
A. Intimidated.
B. Thoughtful.
C. Lonely.
D. Free from stress.
5.How is running different than walking?
A. Running is harder on the legs.
B. Running is better for weight loss.
C. Running is good for a person's heart.
D. Running is a cause for improved thinking.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as "beri-beri" (脚气病), which used to affect large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of the 20th century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was transmitted (传送) by a germ (细菌). He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the external husk (壳) removed from the grain, called "white rice." It was thought this would be easier for weak, sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps (碎片) from the
patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ruled that the huskless polished rice was too good for chickens. The chickens should be fed cheap rice with the external covering still on the grain, called "brown rice."
Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating brown rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as Vitamin B. The white rice, though more expensive, was keeping alive the disease the hospital was trying to cure.
6.From the context, what do you think the author mentions in the
paragraph that is just before this first paragraph?
A. One example of the importance of vitamins.
B. One example of the benefits of eating healthy foods.
C. One example of the dangers of a restricted diet.
D. One example of the benefits of various vitamins.
7.The disease "beri-beri" ________.
A. kills large numbers of Western peoples
B. is a vitamin deficiency disease
C. is transmitted by diseased rice
D. can be caught from diseased chickens
8.The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard ________.
A. couldn't digest the huskless rice
B. proved beri-beri is transmitted by germs
C. were later cooked for the patients' food
D. were suffering from vitamin deficiency
9.Huskless, white rice ________.
A. was cheaper than brown rice
B. was less beneficial to the body than brown rice
C. was more beneficial to the body than brown rice
D. cured beri-beri
10.The ingredient missing from white rice ________.
A. was Vitamin B
B. did not affect the chickens
C. was named the Eijkman vitamin
D. has never been accurately identified
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism (素食主义) on a
long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein—the body-building element in food. If you have ever been without meat or other animal foods for some days or weeks (say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get rather weak physically. You are glad when the fast (禁食) is over and you get your reward of a delicious meat meal.
Proteins are built up from about twenty food elements called "amino acids" (氨基酸), which are found in greater amounts in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological (生理学的) point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.
The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams (克) of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that
vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. 11. A strict vegetarian ________.
A. rarely eats animal products
B. sometimes eats eggs
C. never eats any animal products
D. never eats protein
12.We feel weak when we go without meat and other animal products
_____.
A. because we are reducing our food amount
B. because we do not get enough protein
C. because vegetables do not contain protein
D. unless we take plenty of exercise
13.Proteins are built up from ________.
A. about twenty different foods
B. about twenty different vegetables
C. various fats and sugars
D. about twenty different amino acids
14.Physiologically, life-long vegetarianism may not be good because
______.
A. it makes people very thin
B. the body must process too much waste
C. the farmer loses money
D. vitamin-deficiency diseases may result
15.One thing in favour of vegetarianism is that ________.
A. vegetable food is easier to digest
B. animal food is less expensive
C. vegetable food is cheaper
D. vegetable food contains more amino acids
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian (part milk, part vegetable) diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable animal protein and next come milk, fish and eggs.
Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the
breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble (溶解于水的) Vitamin C, should not be lost through over-cooking.
With fruit, vitamin loss is too small to be important, because the cooking water is normally eaten along with the fruit, and natural chemicals in the fruit help to hold in the vitamin C.
Most nutrition (营养) experts today would recommend a balanced diet containing elements of all foods, largely because of our need for sufficient vitamins. Vitamins were first called "added food factors" when they were discovered in 1906. Most foods contain these other substances necessary for health, in addition to carbohydrates (碳水化合物), fats, minerals and water. The most common deficiency in Western diets today is lack of vitamins. The answer is variety in food. A well-balanced diet, having sufficient amounts of milk, fruit, vegetables, eggs, and meat, fish or chicken (i.e. any good protein source), usually provides the minimum daily requirement of all the vitamins.
16.Vegetarianism is not suitable for growing children because they
________.
A. need more protein than vegetables can supply
B. cannot digest vegetables
C. use more energy than adults
D. cannot easily digest milk and milk products
17. A lacto-vegetarian can eat _________.
A. cheese, beef, and nuts
B. carrots, milk, and rice
C. potatoes, ham, apples, and beans
D. tomatoes, bacon, and oranges
18.Slow and careful cooking of meat ________.
A. preserves the vitamins
B. breaks down the vitamins
C. makes it easier to digest
D. reduces the protein content
19.The reason why the vitamin loss in fruit is not important is that
________.
A. vitamins in fruit are not removed by cooking
B. chemicals are often used in the cooking of fruit
C. fruit has too few vitamins to be important to one's diet
D. the cooking water is usually eaten along with the fruit
20.Most nutrition experts today believe the food we eat should contain
________.
A. more meat than vegetables
B. more vegetables than meat
C. fruit, cereals and fish as well as meat and vegetables
D. as many different kinds of vegetables as possible
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
A department store's inputs include the land upon which the building is located; the labor of the employees; capital in the form of building, equipment and products they sell; and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer's inputs (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are changed into such outputs (产出) as corn, wheat or milk. The exact process is different from industry to industry, but it is an economic phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this change of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the individual inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products offer usefulness due to the form, the time, or the place they are available.
However, the process is subject to unpredictable fluctuations (波动). Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to be
UNIT2 The First Period Reading Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target language目标语言 a. 重点词汇和短语 fiction, cartoon, desire, satisfaction, absent, alarm, alarmed, smooth, embarrass, sympathy, elegant, pile, scan, fingernail, absurd, haircut, accompany, curtain, cushion, carpet, paint, awful，affair, firm, firmly, declare, victory, envy, marriage, test out, ring up, turn around, leave alone b. 重点句型 1. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. 2. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 3. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. 2. Ability goals能力目标: Help students to learn about robots and science fiction. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标： Enable students to realize science fiction reflects scientific thought; a fiction of things-to-come based on things-on-hand. Teaching important points教学重点 Teach students to enjoy science fiction. Enable students to grasp what Tony did to help Claire and how her emotion developed during To n y’s stay at her house. Help students to sum up characteristics of science fiction.
Unit 2 reading A 一、翻译 1 Suit _________ 2 diet_______ 3 soft _______ 4 smooth________ 5shinny______ 6 取决于_________ 7 照顾、护理___________ 8 首先________________ 二、单词拼写 1、if you want to be healthy, you should have a heathy d______ 2、I don’t think the coat s_____ me, it is too big. 3、The skirt is made of silk , it’s really s_______ and smooth 三、完成句子 1、首先你要努力学习。 ______ ______ _____ , you should study hard. 2、我们明天是否去爬山取决于天气。 Whether we’ll go climbing tomorrow_____ ______ the weather 3\、如果你想保持健康，最好多做运动。 If you want to ______ _______, you’d better do more sports. Reading B 一．翻译 1. 对待；处理__________ 2. 心理压力_____ 3. unhealthy _________ 4. secretly__________ 5. 剥夺；夺去_______________ 6. 阻止_______________ 7. 担心______________ 8. 为----做准备_________ 二．单词拼写 1. Before the exams, students usually have much p____________. 2. My English teacher is very nice and she t_________ us as her friends. 3. Tom eats too much meat. He has an u__________ diet. 4. English teacher told us that we will have an e_________ tomorrow, so we feel a little nervous. 5. The thief stole Tom’s money s__________ to prevent him from him finding. 三．完成句子 1. 这场大雨没有阻止他外出。 The heavy rain didn’t ________ him _______ ________ out. 2. 那个强盗把他的手机抢走了。 The robber __________ him ________ his mobile phone. 3. 对我们来说学号英语是很重要的。 _______ ___________ for us ______ _________ English well. 4. 别担心Tom他只是感冒了。