被动语态
一概念：对比主动语态
二：被动语态的构成
1 基本结构：______________________________.
2 各种时态的被动语态：
注意：短语动词变为被动语态：不可丢掉短语动词的介词或副词
eg. We should speak to old men politely.------ Old men should ____________________ politely.
Don’t be afraid to __________________while learning a foreign language. (被嘲笑)
类似用法：be listened to be taken care of be looked after be caught up with ……三：特殊用法
1 主动表被动 a write, read, sell, wash, drive, ride …. 用作不及物动词，主语是物时，可用主动表示被动。
eg. This kind of pen _______________. 这种笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt ______________-.卖的很好。
b. 感官动词等系动词用主动表示被动look sound taste smell feel
Uniforms ______________ on us. 我们穿着制服很难看
We Chinese think moon cakes ______________________than the bread. 我们中国人认为月饼比面包好吃。
There apples ______ well because they ________ nice.
A are sold, look
B sell, look
C sell, are looked
D are sold, are looked
c. want, need, require + doing表被动相当于want/need/require + to be done
My bike needs ________________. 我的自行车需要修理。
2 不用被动语态的情况.不及物动词没有被动语态常见的动词happen, arrive, die, come, go, take place,
eg.1The pen _____well. It ______well too. A is written, sells B is written, is sold C writes, is sold
D writes, sells
2 Great changes _________ in China since 1919. A have been taken place B have taken
place
C took place
D was taken place
3 – What do you think of the football match yesterday? —Well. It’s surprising. The strongest
team of our school______. A was beaten B won C scored D was failed
3 省略to的动词不定式变为被动语态时要还原to hear ,watch ,see ,notice ,let, make, have, help ….
He ______ in the classroom just now. He _____ be there now. A heard to sing, may B was heard sing, must
C heard sing, must
D was heard to sing, may
Tom is often made ______for twelve hours a day by the boss. A work B working C to work D to be working
主谓一致：（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）
一：语法一致即主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即是否单三
1 and, both… and 连接两个或三个以上名次做主语时，谓语动词用________形式
eg. Both reading and writing _____ very important.
2 主语+ with/together with/ as well as/ including/ besides/ except/ like/ but…，谓语动词的数由主语的数决定
eg. No one but I ____________. 除了我没有一个人犯错。
Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters _________ playing football very much. 喜欢
Everyone except Tom and John ______ there when the meeting began. (be )
3 由some, any, no, every 等构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语需用_______形式。
主语包含each, every 时，谓语动词用单数形式。
One, none, each, neither + of + 名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg. _____ of the boys in Class4 is playing games. A All B Each C The both D Everyone Listen! Someone _____ outside. A sing B sings C is singing D are singing
4 不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词一般用__________. Eg. To teach is to learn. 教学相长。5用half of, part of, most of,分数，百分数…+ n 做主语时，谓语动词与n保持一致
--- How many teachers are there in your school? ---About 200. One third of them _____ men teachers. (be)
6 由a pair(kind) of + 名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数
My shoes ____ worn out. This pair of shoes _______________, 穿坏了
二：意义一致
1 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词根据主语的意思来决定。family, team, class, crowd, group …如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用_______, 如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语用________.
My family _____ having dinner when the guest came.(be) The whole class ______greatly moved at his word. (be) The Chinese badminton team ______ playing magnificently. (be)
2 集体名词做主语，谓语用复数例people, police, cattle但是clothing, traffic, furniture作主语时用单数
3 表示度量，价格，时间，长度的名词复数作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
Three years _____ a long time. Fifty yuan ____________ to Mr. Green. 付给Mr. Green 50元4形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数例如news, physics, politics ….
I think physics ___________________ maths. 和数学一样有用。
三：就近一致原则
1 由or, ________, ___________, ________________ 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。
2 在there be, here be 句型中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致
There ______ some Chinese and three Americans in the traveling team.
Here _____ a letter and two books for you
Practice:
1 --- How beautiful our hometown is! ---Yes, trees and flowers can ___________everywhere. 到处可见
2 I believe that these mountains _________________ with trees in a few years’ time. 覆盖
3 Today the forests have almost gone. People must ________________________down many trees.
阻止人们砍伐树木。4 Because of the dry weather, lots of water ________________ to water the crop.
必须担水浇田5. This kind of food _______________ cool, and dry. 必须凉爽干燥的保存
6 The young man who stole many bikes in our school __________ the day before
yesterday.(catch)
7 Mr. Johnson’s story ____________________ by everyone who heard it. (嘲笑)
8 I know she won’t come to join us unless she ___________ to. (tell)
9 A talk on developments in science and technology _________________ in the school hall last week. (give)
10 --- You should tell Tom that he ___________________ to work for the 21st UNIVERSIADE already.
---- I think so, I will tell him on his birthday. (choose)
( )11.Oh, the milk ______ strange. Do you think it’s ok to drink? A was taste B tasted C is tasting D tastes
( )12.--- Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? --- No, I ______.
A am not invited
B wasn’t invited
C haven’t invited
D didn’t invite
( )13 I’m sorry y ou can’t go now, the room ______ yet. A hasn’t been cleaned B hasn’t cleaned C isn’t been cleaned D isn’t being cleaned
( )14. ---How much ____ these shoes? --- Forty yuan ____ enough. A are, are B are, is C is, is D is are
( )15.A report says hundreds and thousands of trees ______ in the Amason rainforest last year.
A was cut down
B have been cut down
C were cut down
D had been cut down
( )16 Li Li is away. She with her mother _____ to Zhalong to see birds. A has gone B have gone C has been
( )17 In our school library there _____ a number of books on science and the number of them ______ growing larger and larger. A is, are B are, is C has, is D have, are
( )18.How time flies! Ten years _____ passed. A have B has C is D are
( )19 --- When are you going to Kunming for your holidays? --- I haven’t decided. ____ this Sunday ____ next Sunday is OK. A Both, and B. Either, or C. Neither, nor D Not only, but also ( )20.There ____ a pair of shoes under the bed, the shoes _____ mine. A is, are B is, is C are, is D are, are
( )21.Each of the boys _____ an apple. A have B has C to have D to has
( )22 ____ she or you going to Beijing next week? A Is B Are C Was D Were
( )23 Swimming in the pool with the children _____ very interesting. A has B have C is D are
( )24 The Greens ____ getting ready for their trip. A are B is C has been
( )25 Maths, as well as English , ______ important in middle schools.
A were very
B is great
C are great
D is very
( )26. Those who _____ singing may join us. A is fond of B enjoy C likes D are liking ( )27 The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _____ from countryside in our school.
A was
B were
C is
D are
( )28 – How often _____ your school sports meeting ______? ---- Once a year.
A does, hold
B was, hold
C is, held
D did, hold
( )29 Can you tell me whom the play ____in 1998?A was written by B was written C is written byD is written
( )30 James with the Greens ______ the White Tower Park if it _______ tomorrow.
A are going to, isn’t rainy
B are going to, doesn’t rain
C is going to, won’t rain
D is going too, isn’t rainy
( )31 ______ chickens were killed because of bird flu.
A A large number of
B The number of
C Much
D Thousand of
( )32 --- Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? --- I think ______ them are useful. A either of B none of C both of D all of ( ) 33 Doing eye exercises ______ good for your health. A are B is C have D has ( ) 34 The police ____ looking for the murderer.
A am
B is
C are
D be
( ) 35 Not only students but also their teacher _____ the plan. A object B objects C is object D is objected
( ) 36 She promises that the child will ________. A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of ( ) 37 One of the students _____ late for school this morning. A had B was C is D were
( ) 38 Li Ming’s family ___ a large one. Now, the whole family _____ watching TV.
A is, is
B are, are
C are, is
D is, are ( )39 ____ you ____ he is able to ski, but I
am.
A Both, and
B Not only, but also
C Either, or
D Neither, nor
( ) 40 Every boy and every girl _____ to take part in the competition. A wishes B wish C are going D are
被动语态和主谓一致出题人：李原
1 The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he _____ to the hospital.A takesB is takenC took D was taken
2 The flowers ____ever day, or they will die. A must water B can be watered C should water D must be watered
3 Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars, _____ of them have set a good example to us.
A all
B neither
C both
D none
4 The baby __by his grandmother from Monday to Friday. A was taken care B was taken care of C was looked at
5 Either Jane or Steve ______ watching TV now. A were B is C are
6 --- Do you live alone, Mr.Wang?--- Yes. I have two children. But ___ of them lives with me.
They are now studying in England. A both B none C neither
7 ___ Lily ___ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
A Not only…but also
B Neither…nor…
C Both… and…
D Either…or…
8 Mrs.Turner has bought a CD player as a present, but ____ her son ____ her daughter likes it.
A either…or…
B not only…but also…
C both…and…
D neither…nor
9 English _____ a lot for business between different countries. A uses B used C has used D is used
10 We have got two TV sets, but _____ works well. A any B both C either D neither
11 Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it ______? A built B was built C has built D
has been built
12 --Who has got ready for the test, Jane or you? -- ______, sir.
A All of them
B Both of us
C Neither of them
D Either of you
13 His computer ____by his father last week. A was taken away B had taken away C has taken
away
14 ---will you go to the dinner party?---I won’t go unless Tom ___. A is invited B will be invited C
has invited
15. I think physics _____ more difficult than maths. A is B are C have D has
16. --- How many students are there in your school? --- ____ the students in our school ____ over two thousand.
A The number of; is
B The number of; are
C A number of; is
D A number of; are
17.All the information except these two pieces _____ writing the article.
A have been used to
B has been used to
C have been used for
D has been used for
18 None of the shoes in the shop fit me well, they are ____ too big ____ too small.
A both; and
B either; or
C neither; nor
D not only; but also
19 The work ____ in three hours. Let’s hurry! A must finish B will finish D must be finished
20 Could you tell me whom the play ____ in 1998? A was written by B was written C is written by
D is written
21 Great changes ____in China since 1919. A have been taken place B have taken place C took place D was taken place 22 As Chinese grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ____
more and more schools out of our country. A teaches B is taught C has taught D was taught
23 Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _____ as “People’s writer”
A is regarded
B has regarded
C is regarding
D regards
24. It is said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools ____ in Zhengzhou by 2020.
A are building
B were built
C have built
D will be built
25 70% of the earth ____ covered with water. A are B is C were D being
26 China’s sports starts Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ____ Goodwill Ambassadors (亲善大使) for Shanghai.
A has been named
B have been named
C has named
D have named
27-- Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday? --- I am afraid ____ day is possible.
A either
B neither
C every
D any
28 Three hours ___ quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day. A is B were C was D are
29 Neither Susan nor the twins ___ before. A surfs B has surfed C surfed D have surfed