自考英语(一)复习资料第一章
第一部分词海拾趣
1．Success n . 成功
I wish you success.
Congratulations to you on your success.
Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事
If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he''ll travel abroad.
分析下面这句话中succeed 的意思：Array
A silence succeeded his words. (随后，接
着)
他说完话后，紧接着是一阵沉默。
Successful adj. 成功的
In a way, he''s successful.
Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀)
2． Disagree with…不同意…
agree 同意…
agree with … I couldn''t agree with you
more.
I agree with what you said.
agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?
agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.
( 补充dislike , unlike )
3.statement 声明，陈述，财务报表，财务结算表
eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他说的话吗？
I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每个月从银行收到一份财务结算表。
（构词法 state statement , improve improvement ）
4. guarantee n , v. 保证，担保，保修
under guarantee 在保修期
The watch is still under guarantee. 这块手表还在保修期。
The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 这台电视保修两年。
我们还可以说：The TV set is guaranteed for two years.
I guarantee that you''ll enjoy yourself. 我保证你会玩的愉快。
5．Be similar to ….与…相似
6． Inexact
incomplete
independent ( differ, different)
depend on…依靠，取决于…
It depends.(意思是还没有确定，视情况而定)
7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker
8. clue 线索，迹象
Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么线索？
（非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂，一无所知）
---do you know what he''s talking about? （你知道他在说什么吗？）
----I don''t have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l
9．Conclusion n. 结论
Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下结论。
In conclusion, I''d like to say how much I''ve enjoyed staying here.最后，我想说的是，我在这儿过的多么愉快。
10．On Purpose 故意的
purposefully
11.outline 轮廓，概要，大纲
an outline of history 历史大纲
v. 划出…轮廓，提出…纲要，略述
The director outlined his plans for the company''s future. 经理概述了公司未来的计划。
第二部分：课文语言点剖析
1. Learning a language is easy. 这句话中动名词短语learning a language作主语。
又如：Seeing is believing .
2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
试找出句子的主干：
此句中who are learning a second language 是定语从句，用来修饰most adults.
Would 的用法？
3．Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表确数时不用复数形式，表概数时加S
Eg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,
Hundreds of…
Thousands of …
Millions of…
Billions of…
4.be different from…与….不同
be the same as….与….相同
5．Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
Who 引导了一定从，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式。
6．Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,…
注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb
advice 是不可数名词，不能说an advice , 同样也没有词形变化，不能加S。
听从某人建议，我们说take/follow one''s advice
7. practice speaking the language every day.
Practice doing sth
Everyday 与every day 的区别
Everyday life 日常生活
I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。
8．Learn as a child would learn
As 引导了一方式状语，像孩子那样。
9.first of all 首先，第一
secondly 其次
finally 最后
(阅读时要注意文章的topic sentence，一般在句首或者句尾)
10.wait for ,
look for / find
11．such /so 都翻译成如此，区别何在？看下面的短语，用such/so 填空。
＿＿a man
＿＿a kind lady
＿＿pretty the carpet
＿＿kind a lady
＿＿bad weather
＿＿beautiful pictureｓ
12.make a mistake 犯错误
13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
不愿做某事的表达方法：
be unwilling to do sth
be reluctant to do sth
14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.
That 引导的定从修饰the information
Information 为不可数名词
15. It''s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
16. Learn from…向….学习
we should learn from each other.
17. you have probably been learning independently, …
本句用了现在完成进行时：have ( has) been doing
表示从过去开始，一直持续现在仍在进行的动作。
例如：It has been raining.
18.on the one hand, 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
19．If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
如果你的语言学习一直都不太成功，你不妨试试上面列出的一些技巧。
Less than …是一固定格式，译为不太….
Eg:
We''re less than happy about the coming exam.
我们不太高兴参加即将到来的这场考试。
Outlined above 分词短语作定语后置
20.Might do well to do sth,最好还是做… ,不妨做….
可以与might do sth as well 互换使用，例如：
you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以说成
you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.
翻译下面的句子：
He hasn''t worked hard, he might give it up as well.
You might do well to start early.
第三部分语法讲解（一）词类
英语中词实词和虚词两类，其中实词有名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，数词。虚词有介词，冠词，连词，感叹词。
1．名词n
名词是表示事物名称的词。有普通名词和抽象名词两类。参照课本第19页。
考查重点在
可数名词有单数和复数之分。
可数名词复数变化规则：
注：a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boys
b.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos
c.以f 或者fe结尾，直接加-s,如：belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs
2.冠词article
冠词有不定冠词(a, an) 和定冠词(the) 不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，表示一个，一
件….,the 可以与可数名词连用，也可以与不可数名词连用，表特指。
A用在辅音(音素 )开头的可数名词单数前边， an 用于元音（音素非字母）开头的可数名词
单数前面。例如：
A cake， a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest
man
3．代词pron
代词有人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，关系
代词等。
1.人称代词：
人称代词分为第一、第二和第三人称，每个人称有各自的主格和宾格形式
第一人称： I （主格）-me（宾格）, we（主格）-us（宾格）
第二人称： you（主格、宾格）
第三人称： he（主格）-him(宾格)
she (主格)- her (宾格)
it (主格)- it (宾格)
they (主格)- them（宾格）
注：a).当I和其他名词或代词一起作并列主语时，I总放在最后。但是翻译的时候，汉语的习惯是我在前。
如：Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和汤姆，约翰昨晚参加了一个派对。
You and I 我和你
You, he and I 你我他
注：表示要承担责任时，应把I 提前，例如：I and Tony are to blame.
2. 物主代词:
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，必须和名词连用，不能单独使用；名词性的物主代词相当于名词，不能再与名词连用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is your book.. Mine is on the desk. 这是你的书，我的在桌子上。（mine=my book）
4.相互代词：each other, one another
5. 指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，如：this, these, that, those.
如：We have no water .That''s our trouble.我们没有水了。这是我们的困难。
注：指示代词this, that可在句中作状语，表示程度，相当于so .
如：He said he couldn''t walk that far.
6．疑问代词who''s the girl in red?
7．关系代词He''s a professor who has lived here for 10 years.
8 .不定代词:
1).复合不定代词由every, some, any, no与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词。
指人指人指物
everyone everybody everything
someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
no one nobody nothing
所有的不定代词都当作单数对待。
如：No one wants to go there.
Is everyone here?
复合不定代词的定语后置，即形容词作复合不定代词的定语时要后置。
如：I have something important to tell you .
复合不定代词只具有名词性质，不能作定语。
如：Nobody is late for the meeting .（复合不定代词nobody作主语）
I know nothing about the accident.(复合代词nothing 作宾语)
That''s nothing.没什么。（复合代词nothing作表语）
2) 英语中的不定代词如：all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等，多数都可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但no和every只具有形容词性质只能作定语，none只具有名词性质，不能作定语。
如：Time waits for no man.时不我待。（no 作定语）
Every room is bright.每个房间都很明亮。（every作定语）
None of them has been to Paris.他们中没有一个去过巴黎。（none作主语，强调单一性，谓语用单数）
None of them were aware of the danger.他们都没有意识到有危险。（none强调整体性，谓语用复数）
3) .it 的用法
1) 用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事务
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .It''s a cold-blooded one.
2) 用以代替指示代词
What''s this? It''s a flag.
3) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物
Who''s knocking at the door? It''s me.
4) 指环境情况等
It''s noisy in the classroom.
5) 指时间，天气，季节，距离等
It''s a long way to the factory.
6) 做形式主语，形式宾语，如：
It''s not a good habit to stay up late.
I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.
7) 用于强调结构
It was he who broke the window.
4.数词num
根据表数量还是表顺序，数词分为基数词和序数词。
5．形容词adj
形容词是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。
例如public relations a young man
形容词和副词有原级，比较级，最高级三种形式
1) 单音节词：
2) 双音节词：
a) 以-y结尾的双音节形容词，要先把y变为i, 再加-er和-est.
如pretty – prettier- prettiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
b) 其他绝大多数的双音节词是在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。
如： clever-more clever-the most clever
gentle-more gentle-the most gentle
注意：在英文中，几乎所有的双音节形容词，除了以-y结尾的词外，都可以加more 和the most 来构成比较级和最高级。
3）多音节词
三个或更多音节的词都是在其前加more和the most构成比较级和最高级的。
如： interesting- more interesting- the most interesting
4) 特殊形式的比较级和最高级：
英文中有些形容词的比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。如：
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
bad/illworseworst
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
oldolder/elderoldest/oldest
littlelessleast
many/muchmoremost
latelater/latterlatest/last
6．副词adv
副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词的。
例如：He can''t walk fast.
1.副词比较级最高级的构成
1)单音节及少数双音节的词在词为加-er和-est 构成比较级和最高级。
如： hard- harder-hardest
fast-faster-fastest
2)大多数副词是在原形前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级，副词的最高级前可以加定冠词the,也可以不加。
如：quickly-more quickly-most quickly
carefully-more carefully-most carefully
3) 不规则的变化
well-better-best
badly-worse-worst
l ittle-less-least
7．动词v
动词有实意动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词几大类。
动词的四种基本形式：原形，过去式，过去分词，现在分词
8．介词prep
不能单独充当句子成分，介词短语可以充当多种成分。
9．连词conj
连接词、短语、从句或句子的词，有并列连词和从属连词之分。
10．感叹词inter
表达喜怒哀乐等感情的词。
第四部分：巩固练习
1．Word spelling
将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个词的词类和第一个字母以及用短线表示的其余字母数已给出。
1. 语言n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. 成年人n. a_ _ _ _
3. 声明，陈述n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. 保证v. g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. 成功n. s_ _ _ _ _ _
6. 建议n. a_ _ _ _ _
7. 研究n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. 相似的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _
9. 独立的a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10. 解释v. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11. 线索n. c_ _ _
12. 结论n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13. 交流v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14. 信息n. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15. 目的n. p_ _ _ _ _ _
16. 男服务员n. w_ _ _ _ _ _
17. 鹦鹉n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18. 原始的a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19. 饭店n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20. 啤酒n. b_ _ _ _
II. Vocabulary and Structure
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1. Even hundreds of hours of study and practice will not ________ success for every
adult language learner.
[A] practice
[B] offer
[C] guarantee
[D] communicate
2. They want to learn the language because the ______ the language and the people who speak it.
[A] are interested in
[B] are different from
[C] succeed in
[D] offer advice to
3. Most adults would disagree with the ________ that learning a language is easy.
[A] language
[B] guesser
[C] statement
[D] guarantee
4. Can a (n) ________ learn a language in the same way as a child does?
[A] student
[B] guesser
[C] teacher
[D] adult
5. Successful language learners are ________ learners.
[A] inexact
[B] independent
[C] incomplete
[D] interesting
6. ________, you need to discovery your own way to learn the language.
[A] of all
[B] First of all
[C] The first
[D] of all the first
7. Successful language learners do not ________ the book or the teacher.
[A] depend on
[B] play with
[C] live with
[D] look for
8. It is necessary for people to learn a language in order to ________ with the people who speak it and to learn from them.
[A] disagree
[B] communicate
[C] practice
[D] say
9. If your language learning has been less than successful, you might try some of the ________ that successful language learners commonly use.
[A] techniques
[B] purposes
[C] patterns
[D] clues
10. Successful language learners ________ make mistakes and try again.
[A] wait for a chance to
[B] are willing to
[C] are afraid to
[D] find it difficult to
答案：
I. 对照课本II. CACDB BABAB
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very imp ortant. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English well. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important.
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去 分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)
第一章绪论the structure of English sentence 1.0 introduction -- The grammar unites hierarchy Higher 1.2 Words 1.2.1 Words Class
1.2.2 word formation 构词法 a. Affixation 词缀法List具体见书9-10页 英语分前缀后缀和中缀，前缀加在词根之前，改变词义不改变词类。后缀加在词根之后，改变词类不改变 b. Composition 复合法 两个或者两个以上的独立词构成一个复合词。 E.g.: manservant, snowfall, deadline, spotlight, world-famous, before-tax, whenever, whereas… c. Convention 转化法 某个单词未经添加此罪就由一个词类转化为另一个词类。 Verbs to nouns: love, answer, doubt. Adj. to verbs: daily(=daily newspaper), final(=final exam) d. Blending 拼缀法 把两个词经行裁剪，掐头去尾，然后把这两个不完整的部分拼成一个词，在某些情况下只裁剪两个词中的一个词，把一个不完整的词和一个完整的词拼成另一个词。 P+P Motel (Motor + Hotel) Smog (Smoke + Fog) Brunch (Breakfast + Lunch) W+P newscast (News + Broadcast) Workfare (Work + Welfare) P+W Medicaid (Medical + Aid) Medicare (Medical + Care) e. Back-formation 逆生法 英语中有很多-or,-er结尾的名词是由动词派生而来，但也不乏通过去掉这些名词词尾派生出来的动词。 e.g. Housekeep –Housekeeper Babysit – Babysitter
一、名词和短语的英汉互译： 1.Quota―配额、定量 maintenance―维持、保持 tariff barriers―关税壁垒 invalid contract―无效合同 monopolistic competition―垄断性竞争 depreciation=devaluation―贬值 inventory―存货清单 cost effectiveness―成本效益 direct/indirect tax―直接/间接税 the req uired reserve―法定最低储备金 economics of scale―规模经济 packaging material―包装材料 inferior product―残次品 manufactured goods―产成品 survey report―调查报告 consumer goods―消费品 export/import quota―出口/进口配额 claim―索赔 technical expertise－技术知识 compensation trade－补偿贸易 raw material－原材料 traffic jam－交通阻塞
subsidiary company－分公司 multilateral trade－多边贸易 service trade－服务贸易 trade gap－贸易差额 assembly line－生产线 planned/market economy－计划/市场经济Universal Product Code－产品统一条形码visible/invisible trade－有形/无形贸易insurance policy－保险单 excess reserves－额外储备金 free port－自由港 public interest－公共利益 comparative advantage－比较优势 trail order－试订单 foreign-trade zones－外贸保税区 sole agent－独家代理 registered trade mark－注册商标geographic area－地理位置standardized container－标准集装箱delivery rate－运费 target market－目标市场 fraud－欺诈 annal revence/annual gain－年收入
全国2014年4月自学考试英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and sti ll having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You’re fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’ future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress 7. ______ it not for water, this world would be a lifeless place. A. Were B. If C. Was D. Had 8. You ______ driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? A. needn’t have B. couldn’t have C. mustn’t have D. shouldn’t have 9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her. A. to fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen 10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now? A. crossed B. cross C. crossing D. has crossed