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《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习含解析

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习含解析
《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习含解析

一、选择题

1.— How much are the __________?

— Eight yuan a kilo.

A.broccoli B.potatoes C.beef D.bread

2.________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A.The number of; lost B.The number of; losing C.A number of; lose

D.A number of; loss

3.— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King?

—No, only part of them.

A.student B.students C.student’s D.students’4.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.

—How many ________ do we need?

A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey

5.—Do _________ like going to ___________?

—I don’t know.

A.woman teachers, clothes shops B.women teachers, clothes shops C.woman teachers, sport shops D.women teachers, vegetables shops

6.---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing?

--- It’s less than three ___________ flight.

A.How long, hour’s B.How far, hour’s

C.How long, hours’D.How far, hours’

7.People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest(丰收)on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day.

A.Thanksgiving Day B.Christmas Day C.National Day

8.—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world?

—Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China.

A.the biggest city; any B.the biggest cities; any

C.the biggest cities; any other D.the biggest cities; the other

9.Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.

A.Germen; Japanese B.Frenchmen; Japaneses C.Germans; Japanese 10.Good food and_______help her_______better.

A.exercise; study B.exercise; studies

C.exercises; studying D.exercises; to study

11.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!

A.is having B.are having C.have D.has

12.________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s?

A.Is, rooms B.Are, room C.Are, rooms D.Is, room 13.—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car?

—Yes. It’s said that_________is enough.

A.two hours drive B.two-hours drive

C.two hour’s drive D.two hours’ drive

14.—These days, more and more kids have problems with their sight.

— They should do eye________and take________every day.

A.exercises; exercises B.exercises, exercise

C.exercise. exercises D.exercise, exercise

15.The computer is _______________.

A.Amy's and Lily's B.Amy and Lily C.Amy's and Lily D.Amy and Lily's 16.—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly.

A.some advices B.any advices

C.some advice D.advices

17.My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious.

A.salad; eggs B.salads; eggs C.salad; eggs D.salads; egg

18.It's about ten __________ walk from here.

A.minutes' B.minute's C.minutes D.minute of 19.There was no bus in that small town. We had a_______ walk to get to the museum.

A.5 kilometers B.5 kilometer’s C.5-kilometer D.5-kilometers 20.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.

A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are

21.I want to buy ________.

A.a bread B.some breads C.two piece of bread D.two bags of bread 22.Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.

A.conditions B.situations C.events D.positions

23.He has over 20 years teaching ________. I bet he is quite________.

A.experience; experience B.experience; experienced C.experienced; experience D.experienced; experienced

24.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.

A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days

25.—What can I do for you?

—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .

A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这些土豆多少钱?——八元一公斤。

考查名词。A. broccoli西兰花;B. potatoes土豆;C. beef牛肉;D. bread面包。根据句中are提示,空格处应填入名词复数,四个选项中只有B选项为可数名词的复数形式,故选B。

2.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:许多野生动物正在消失,因为它们的生活区域正在消失。

考查词组辨析和名词。the number of…的数目,跟复数名词连用,作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数;lost失去,lose的过去式;a number of很多,相当

于 many,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;loss丧失、遗失,作名词。根据句中的关键词“are”,可知符合a number of的用法。所以第一个空格填a number of,进而正确答案只能从选项C和D中选择。根据第二个空格前的the,可知空格上要填一个名词或者相当于名词的词。选项C中的lose是动词,故排除选项C,故选D。

3.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——金老师,你知道你们班所有学生的名字吗?——不,只有一部分。

考查名词所有格。此处有names名词,表示“姓名”,可知前面填写形容词或者名词修饰names。根据句意,此处填写“学生们的”。根据“names”可知,是复数形式,所以学生也应该用复数。students' 表示“学生们的”,故选D。

【点睛】

名词所有格是在名词后加“'s”来表示所有关系。主要的使用方法如下:

1)单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没“s”,也要加“'s”。

2)名词已有复数词尾“s”,只加“ ' ”。

3)凡不能加“'s”的名词,也可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系。

4)在表示店铺的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面可以省略名词,通常前要加the。

5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有“'s”,则表示“分别有”;只有一个“'s”,则表示“共有”。6)复合名词或短语的“'s”加在最后一个名词的词尾。

如本题符合第2)条规则,表示“学生们的”,就用“students'”。答题时可以运用排除法,逐个筛选,选出正确答案。

4.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——让我们做一个香蕉奶昔。——我们需要多少香蕉?

考查名词。根据前一句可知,要制作香蕉奶昔的原料是香蕉和牛奶。How many后接可数名词复数。bananas名词,香蕉;cup of milk此处表示几杯牛奶,cup应该为复数才可以放在空格处,故排除。honey名词,蜂蜜,不可数名词,不可以和How many搭配。故选A。5.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——女教师喜欢去服装店吗?——我不知道。

考查名词作定语和名词的数。woman teacher:女老师,复数是women teachers,当man 或woman作定语修饰名词,变为复数时,man或woman与后面的名词同时变为复数,可知排除A和C;clothes shops:服装店;sports shops:体育用品店;vegetable shops:蔬菜店;可知D中的vegetables shops表达错误;故选B。

【点睛】

名词作定语:(1)通常用单数名词定语:a shoe factory;(2)“数词+名词”作定语,其中的名词使用单数:an 11-year-old daughter;(3)man和woman用作名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致:a man doctor,some men doctors;(4)有些名词只有复数形式,用于某种意义时,习惯于用复数,用在定语时,只能用复数:a sports game,clothes line。

6.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:-从南京到北京有多远?-坐飞机不到三个小时的路程。How long多长时间;How far 多远,提问距离;hour’s小时的;hours’是复数形式的所有格。根据对话的意思可知,这里问的是从南京到北京的距离,应用How far提问,排除A和C。空前有three修饰,故hour 用复数,再变为所有格形式,故应选D。

7.A

解析:A

【分析】

【详解】

句意:西方国家的人们会在感恩节聚在一起吃火鸡,庆祝丰收,就像我们的中秋节一样。考查节日。Thanksgiving Day感恩节; Christmas Day圣诞节;National Day国庆节。根据文中“People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest”可知,这里是说“感恩节”。根据题意,故选A。

8.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗?——是的,它比中国任何一个城市都大。考查名词的数和不定代词辨析题。one of the biggest+复数名词,表示“最大的……之一”,city是单数名词,可排除。any任何的/一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词;any other 任何其他的,后接单数名词;the other(两者中的)另一个,后面不再跟名词,表特指。city城市,是单数名词,需用any other修饰;根据句意语境,可知选C。

9.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:一些德国人得知许多日本人在地震中失去了家园,便前往日本帮忙。

考查名词辨析。Germen形式错误,German的复数形式为Germans;Frenchmen法国人(Frenchman的复数);Germans德国人(German的复数);Japanese日本,日本人;Japaneses表述错误,Japanese单复同形。分析第一处可知,此处表示“某国人”,其前有Some修饰,所以用其复数形式,排除A;分析第二处可知,此处表示“日本人”,其前有many修饰,所以用其复数形式,又因为Japanese的复数形式也是Japanese。故选C。10.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:好的饮食和锻炼帮助她学习更好。

考查名词辨析及非谓语动词。exercise锻炼,运动,是不可数名词;练习,早操,可数名词。study学习,动词原形;studies第三人称单数形式;studying动名词或现在分词形式;to study动词不定式。根据句意可知,第一个空中的exercise指“锻炼”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,先排除C和D;第二个空考查句型help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,故选A。

11.B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:看!中国篮球国家队在礼堂里和他们的粉丝正在进行面对面的访谈。粉丝们多么激动啊!

考查动词时态。前面有look,所以要用现在进行时。the Chinese national basketball team是集合名词,根据后面的interview可知,是人进行采访,所以谓语动词要用复数形式,故选B。

【点睛】

集合名词要注意,指集体时谓语用单数,指集体里的人时,谓语用复数,需要根据上下文语境来理解。这里根据a face-to-face interview with their fans可知是队员在进行采访,故谓语用复数。

12.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:这些房间是麦克和杰克的吗?

考查名词所有格。is单数;are复数;room房间,单数;rooms复数;题干中“Mike’ s and Jack’s”表示,麦克的房间和杰克的房间,至少有两间,room用复数形式,谓语动词用are。故选C。

【点睛】

本题中注意名词所有格,当表示两个名词分别拥有时,在每个名词之后分别加’s;当表示两者共有时,在后面的名词之后加一个’s即可。

13.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——从苏州到上海乘坐汽车是非常便利的吗?——是的。据说两小时的车程就够了。

本题考查名词所有格。当数词和单数名词用连字符连接时,起形容词的作用,如two-hour“两小时的”,修饰名词drive,用加连字符的形容词two-hour,或名词所有格two hours’。故选D。

14.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——如今,越来越多的孩子有视力问题。——他们应该每天做眼保健操以及锻炼身

体。

考查名词的可数和不可数。exercise可作可数名词,表示“(保持健康或培养技能的)一套动作,训练活动,练习”,do eye exercises意为“做眼保健操”,其中exercise是可数名词,有复数形式;exercise可作不可数名词,表示“(身体或脑力的)活动,锻炼,运动”,take exercise意为“锻炼身体”,其中exercise是不可数名词,没有复数形式。故选B。

【点睛】

exercise可作不可数名词,意为“体育锻炼”,例如:Walking and running are all healthy forms of exercise. 散步和跑步是有益健康的运动方式。 exercise也可作可数名词,意为“体操,运动”例如:We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。也可意为“(作业)练习”,例如:We do English exercises to help us learn good English. 我们要做英文练习帮助我们学好英语。也意为“操练,演习”,例如:military exercises军事操练。

15.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:这台计算机是艾米和莉莉的。

本题考查名词所有格。Amy's and Lily's艾米的和莉莉的,两个人各自的电脑,这里的主语是单数,不符合语境。故排除。Amy and Lily艾米和莉莉,指人,不符合语境。Amy's and Lily艾米的和莉莉,不符合语法; Amy and Lily's艾米和莉莉共同的。根据the computer可知,这是一台电脑,因此是两个人共同拥有的,故选D。

16.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——请你给我一些建议好吗?——当然。

考查名词单复数。根据动词短语give sb some advice 表示“给某人一些建议”。advice为不可数名词,不需要加s,表示希望得到对方的肯定回答用some。结合句意,故选C。17.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我姐姐和我喜欢吃两份色拉和一些鸡蛋作为晚餐。它们真的很好吃。

考查名词单复数。salad色拉;egg鸡蛋。分析句意,我和姐姐喜欢晚餐吃两份色拉和一些鸡蛋。第一个空前是two,此处表示份数,所以用复数,第二个空前有some,此处表示完整的蛋,所以也用复数。故选B。

【点睛】

salad既可做物质名词又可做个体名词,当表示物质的时候是不可数的,但表示个体的时候是可数的。egg基本上完好的蛋,称的上可数名词,打碎掉或是蛋内物质,俚语之类,那么就是不可数名词。

18.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:它离这大约步行10分钟。

考查名词所有格。minute分钟,根据所给空前面的ten可知,应该用minute的复数形式,排除B和D,由所给空后面的walk可知,应该是10分钟的路程,用名词所有格形式,复数名词的名词所有格,如果名词复数是以s结尾的,直接加’即可,排除C,故选A。19.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:那个小镇上没有公共汽车。我们步行5公里才到博物馆。

考查复合形容词作定语。5 kilometers5千米,在句中作表语;数词—名词的单数,是复合形容词,在句中做定语;5-kilometer5千米的;have a 5-kilometer walk一个5千米的步行。根据题意,故选C。

20.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:袋子里有一些香蕉。一些羊肉在桌子上。考查系动词辨析题。some一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词。bananas是复数形式,系词需用are;mutton是不可数名词,系词需用is;根据句意语境,可知选D。

21.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我想要买两袋面包。

考查不可数名词。bread面包,是不可数名词,排除A和B,不可数名词用量词修饰,当大于1时,量词用复数,排除C,故选D。

22.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:在教室里学习英语是很重要的,但是在真实的情况中使用英语将大大提高技能。

考查名词词义辨析。A. conditions条件,天气等状况;B. situations形势,情况;C. events 事件;D. positions位置;根据句意及选项可知,“在真实的情况中使用英语将大大提高技能”,现实中多运用,选B更合适。

23.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:他有二十多年的教学经历,我敢打赌他经验十足。

考查词义辨析。experience 经验,经历,词性是名词和动词;experienced 有经验的;根据题中he has 可知他是拥有什么,需要名词,故填名词experience;根据“he is quite...”可知需要形容词experienced作表语。故选B。

24.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:当国庆节到来的时候,我们有一个七天的假期。

考查名词短语。seven-day七天;seven-days七天,结构错误;seven days七天;根据句意理解可知,空格是用来修饰后面的名词holiday,在句中作定语,而英语中数字和名词用连字符连接起来可以起到一个形容词的作用,在句中作定语可以修饰一个名词,所以这里应该用seven-day带连字符的结构,而带了连字符,名词是不能用复数的,故选A。

【点睛】

英语中“数词-名词”的结构是可以用来作定语,修饰后面的名词的,但是要注意的是,带有“-”时,名词是不能用复数的,这是做题时经常容易忽略做错的地方,一定要格外注意,只要看到“-”,名词就一定不用复数。

25.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我能为你做什么?——呃,我想要一杯牛奶,一些面包和一些鸡肉。

考查不定代词辨析。some一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词,用于肯定句;any一些,后接复数名词或不可数名词,用于否定句。chicken鸡肉,不可数名词,无复数形式;本句是肯定句,and连接并列结构;根据上文“some bread一些面包”,可知选C。

初中英语名词知识点

名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China,Shanghai,Lilei等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如:Jim吉姆China中国July七Friday星期五Christmas圣诞节English 英语 2、普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。 1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如fighter,gun,country,cup,desk,student等。一般可数,有单复数形式。 2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如family,team,police,class等。一般可数,有单复数形式 3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如cotton,tea,air等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。 4)抽象名词:动作,状态,品质,感情等抽象概念。如health,happiness,love,work,life 等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。

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(完整)初中英语名词专项讲解

名词 一导入:有一天,一只老钟对一只小钟说:“你一年里要摆525600下啦。” 小钟吓坏了,说“哇,这么多,这怎么可能?!我怎么能完成那么多下呢!” 这时候,另一只老钟笑着说:“不用怕,你只需一秒钟摆一下,每一秒坚持下来就可以了。” 小钟高兴了,想着:一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊,试试 看吧。果然,很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了,小钟已经摆了525600下! 很简单的故事,却寓意着深刻的道理,当我们面对大困难的时候,往往望而怯步,孰不知只要根据实 际,分期制定小目标,一一完成就行了。 二专题讲解: 掌握要点: 名词的分类(专有名词和普通名词) 名词的数1)区分可数名词和不可数名词,区分方法 2)可数名词的复数变化,分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格含义、构成两种形式:’s所有格及of所有格 知识点: 一、名词的分类 1.专有名词:名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份) 例句:My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday. 2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物例: sister、table、bike、window 可数名词 集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family、police、class、group 物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例: water、air、wood 不可数名词 抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例: danger、interest 区分方法:将物体分成两半,如果每半不能叫原名,则为可数名词,如果还可叫原名,则为不可数名 词。 注:有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,例:glass作玻璃杯时可数,作玻璃时不可数。 身兼二职的名词对照表 glass fish chicken time 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间 orange light paper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷(几根)头发不可数橘汁光纸头发 exercise idea life work _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.

【初中英语】名词知识点题型

【初中英语】名词知识点题型 一、初中英语名词 1.—There are many _____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of _____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:—有许多关于这个农场的照片。—是的,许多的土豆种在农场上。many和lots of修饰可数名词复数,photo 的复数是photos,potato的复数是potatoes,故答案为C。 【点评】考查可数的复数形式。牢记名词的复数的变化规律和一些特殊的名词复数。2.(·鄂州)—The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive. —Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my _________. A. time B. treat C. task D. taste 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——餐馆里的菜一定非常贵。——别担心,你可以随便吃,我请客。It's my treat.我请客。故选B。 【点评】考查名词辨析。 3.(?黔南州)—There are a lot of ______ of bike riding. —I agree. It's good for environment and it saves money. A. products B. advantages C. instruments D. instructions 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:-骑车有许多好处。-我同意,对环境有好处而且省钱。A. products产品;B. advantages优点,好处;C. instruments乐器;D. instructions说明。有利于环境及省钱是骑车的优点、好处,故选B。 【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析,以及. products;advantages;instruments;instructions。四个词的词义和用法。 4.(·咸宁)—Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for her ________ of anemisinin(青蒿素).—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——屠呦呦因为发现了青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。——而且她是第一位在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。design设计;thought想法;invention发明;discovery发现。因为anemisinin(青蒿素).是原来就存在的,因此是发现了它。故选D。【点评】考查名词辨析,结合语境选择合适的词。

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