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2011年天津市高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）1．（1分）We feel our duty to make our country a better place．（ ）A．it B．this C．that D．one【考点】GF：it 的用法．【分析】我们感觉使我们的国家变成一个更好的地方是我们的责任．【解答】答案：A．题干中动词feel的真正宾语是不定式to make our country a better place，it作形式宾语，代替此不定式，our duty作宾语补足语，构成"动词+it+n．+to do"．故选A．【点评】此题考查it作形式宾语．it作形式宾语常用的结构如下：①feel/make/think/find/consider+it+n．/adj．/介词短语+to do②enjoy/like/love/dislike/hate+it+when﹣从句③appreciate it+if﹣从句④rely on/depend on/count on/see to it+that﹣从句2．（1分）Just a moment．I haven't finished packing my suitcase．．It's high time we left for the airport．（ ）A．Go ahead B．Take it easyC．Hurry up D．That's fine【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣稍等一会儿．我还没有装好旅行箱．﹣﹣快点．快到我们去飞机场的时间了．【解答】答案C．由空后的"快到我们去飞机场的时间了．"可知此处应该催促对方抓紧时间．Go ahead．"干吧，继续，开始"；Take it easy．"放松点，别紧张"；Hurry up．"快点，赶快"；That's fine．"没事，没关系"．所以应该选择C．【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断．3．（1分）In the last few years thousands of films all over the word．（ ）A．have produced B．have been producedC．are producing D．are being produced【考点】F2：现在完成时的被动语态．【分析】在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了成千上万部电影．【解答】答案：B 由"in the last few years"可知，句子应该用现在完成时．又由于films和produce之间是被动关系，故应该用现在完成时的被动语态．A、C项是主动语态；D项是现在进行时的被动语态，故都应该排除．B项符合题意，故选：B．【点评】考查现在完成时的被动语态，主要根据时间状语判断时态，然后再看句子的主语和动词之间是主动还是被动关系即可．4．（1分）On the next birthday．Ann married for twenty years．（ ）A．is B．has beenC．will be D．will have been【考点】EB：将来完成时．【分析】句意：到下一个生日，安将已经结婚20年了．【解答】答案：DOn the next birthday，是将来的时间；for twenty years是现在完成时的时间状语，所以用will have done表示到将来某一段时间已经完成的事．根据句意：到下一个生日，安将已经结婚20年了．故选D．【点评】本题考查将来完成时的用法，答题时要注意时间状语的暗示．5．（1分）regular exercise is very important．It's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime．（ ）A．It B．As C．Although D．Unless【考点】92：从属连词．【分析】句意：尽管定期锻炼很重要，但睡觉前锻炼不是一个好主意．【解答】答案C．A选项"它（代词）"；B选项"作为；因为；随着；一边…一边；正如（通常可引导时间、方式、原因等状语从句）"；D选项"如果不；除非（引导条件状语从句）"；C选项"虽然，尽管（引导让步状语从句）"；根据句意"尽管定期锻炼很重要"可推知这里是由although引导的让步状语从句，故选C，其他选项均不符合句意．【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析．解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要知道各选项的意思，然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子根据语境，不难选出正确答案．关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆．6．（1分）I a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part﹣time job during the summer vacation．（ ）A．borrowed B．opened C．entered D．ordered【考点】A8：实义动词．【分析】句意：在我暑假兼职赚了1000美元后，我在银行开了一个账户．【解答】答案BA项意为"借"；B项意为"开办，开"；C项意为"进入"；D项意为"命令，订购"．bank account应该与动词open搭配合适．故选B项．【点评】考查动词词义辨析．只要认识动词并能正确理解句意即可．7．（1分）Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．（ ）A．to carry B．carryingC．to be carried D．being carried【考点】BA：不定式．【分析】句意：旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机．【解答】答案A．根据短语permit sb to do sth 的被动语态sb be permitted to do sth 允许某人做某事．可知本题选A．故选：A．【点评】本题考查固定短语的用法，学生要掌握permit的相关用法．8．（1分）She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping att the department store．（ ）A．turned down B．dealt withC．took after D．came across【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】句意：她昨天在商场购物时邂逅了一位老朋友．【解答】答案D．A项turn down表示"拒绝；关小，调小"； B 项deal with表示"处理；涉及"；C项took after表示"照顾"；D项come across表示"偶遇"；根据句意，D项与题意相符．故答案选D．【点评】本题考查动词短语的用法．难度适中．解答此类题目需要正确理解语境，熟悉每个选项中动词短语的意思．平时要加强背诵短语的意义及用法．9．（1分）The young man couldn't afford a new car、_______，he bought a used one．（ ）A．Besides B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Still【考点】91：并列连词．【分析】这个年轻人买不起新车，就买了一辆二手车．【解答】A．besides 此外，B．otherwise 否则，C．instead 相反．D．still仍旧，根据句意，前后为转折关系，故选C【点评】考查副词含义，根据句子含义选择正确答案10．（1分）The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．（ ）A．when B．that C．where D．which【考点】7A：关系副词；H1：限制性定语从句．【分析】仅以体力来谋生的日子已经一去不复返了．【解答】答案A．本题是定语从句，先行词是the days，从句中不缺少主宾表定，所以用关系副词，where表地点，与题意不符，故选A．【点评】解答这类题型，要分析从句中句子成分是否齐全，如果齐全就用关系副词when、why、where，再根据先行词来确定．11．（1分）He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects．（ ）A．below B．of C．on D．above【考点】82：方位介词．【分析】他是好学生，所以分数肯定在平均分之上．【解答】答案D．选项A在…之下，选项B．…的，选项C在上面，选项D在…上方、高于．根据句意为在平均分之上，故选D．【点评】对介词的选择，可以结合句意以及介词本身的意义、用法来进行判断．12．（1分）______ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order．（ ）A．Translating B．TranslatedC．To translate D．Having translated【考点】BB：过去分词；HG：条件状语从句．【分析】当被译成英语时，这些句子被发现有完全不同的语序．【解答】答案B 句子的主语the sentence和translate之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语．相当于一个时间状语从句：When it is translated into…【点评】考查分词作状语．主要看句子的主语和分词之间是主动还是被动关系即可．主动关系就用现在分词；被动关系就用过去分词．13．（1分）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases．（ ）A．what B．which C．that D．where【考点】58：连接代词；HE：同位语从句．【分析】句意：现代科学已经给出明显证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病．【解答】答案C．根据句意：______ smoking can lead to many diseases吸烟会导致许多疾病是evidence的内容，是同位语从句，这句话又是一个完整的句子，故用that做连接词，只起连接的作用，不做任何成分，也不可以省略．故选C．【点评】本题考查同位语从句中that做连接词的用法，要分析句子的成分并结合具体的语境选择出正确选项．14．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I need to advertise for a roommate for next term．﹣﹣﹣________？Mary is interested．（ ）A．Why bother B．Why not C．So what D．What for【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】我要登广告在下学期找一个室友．﹣﹣没有必要．玛丽有兴趣（合住）．【解答】答案A．选项A Why bother的意思是何苦呢，何必呢；选项B Why not的意思是为什么不呢？表赞成，同意．选项C So what？的意思是那又怎么样？；选项D What for的意思是为什么呢？根据语境及句意，应该选择A．【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断．15．（1分）I ______ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me．（ ）A．had come B．was comingC．would come D．would have come【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】句意：我本来可以早一点来，但我过去真不知道他们正在等我．【解答】答案D．由but I didn't know that they were waiting for me 可知"我"事实上并没有早点来，因此可推知第一句应该是一个虚拟语气的句子．因为讲述的是过去的事情，所以句子应借助于"would+have+过去分词"的形式．本句可以理解为：I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me．故选D．【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．解答此类题目首先根据上下文语境找到隐藏的条件，转换成if条件句中的虚拟语气来理解，然后判断是对哪种情况的虚拟，从而来确定谓语动词的形式．第二节：完形填空（共1小题：每小题1.5分，满分1.5分）16．（30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后次哦能够16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项．A Love Note To My MomWhen I was a little girl，would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion photographers．It was years later that finally understood what role modeling （16） B in your life．Little did I known you were（17） A every penny you earned to go to（18） C school．I cannot thank you enough for（19） A you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine．After finishing myhomework．I wanted into the dining where you were buried（20） D piles of law books．I was（21） C ．Why were you doing what I do﹣memorizing textbooks and studying for（22） B ？When you said you were in law school，I was more puzzled．I didn't known．Moms （23） D be lawyers too．You smiled and said，"In life，you can do anything you want to do．"As young as I was，that statement kept（24） A in my ears．I watched as you faced the （25） C of completing your studies，staring companies with Dad，while still being a （26） D and a Mom if five kids．I was exhausted just watching you （27） B ．With your words of wisdom in my（28） C mind，I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream．My whole world （29） D ．I set out to live my life filled with （30） A ，seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements．Your words became my motto．I （31） A found myself in the unique position of being either the first （woman doctor in Maryland Rotary）（32） C one of the few women （chief medical reporters）in my field．I gained strength every time I said，"Yes，I'll try that．"Encouraged by your （33） B ，I have forged ahead （毅然前行）with my life's journey，less afraid to make mistakes，and （34） D meeting each challenge．You did it，and now I'm （35） A it．Sorry，got to run．So much to do，so many dreams to live．16．A．found B．play C．kept D．provided17．A．saving B．making C．donating D．receiving18．A．business B．fashion C．law D．medical19．A．what B．that C．which D．where20．A．at B．to C．upon D．under21．A．amused B．worried C．puzzled D．disappointed22．A．role B．tests C．positions D．shows23．A．must B．ought to C．need D．could24．A．ringing B．blowing C．falling D．beating25．A．choices B．chances C．challenges D．changes26．A．professor B．doctor C．reporter D．model27．A．in danger B．in action C．in trouble D．in charge28．A．weak B．powerful C．youthful D．empty29．A．came back B．closed down C．went by D．opened up30．A．hope B．hardship C．harmony D．sadness31．A．constantly B．shortly C．hardly D．nearly32．A．and B．but C．or D．for33．A．description B．statement C．praise D．introduction34．A．secretly B．curiously C．carelessly D．eagerly35．A．doing B．considering C．correcting D．reading．【考点】L1：记叙文．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．文章是一个女孩给她母亲的一封信．感谢她一直以来做好女孩的榜样以及激励女孩的话语，使女孩在生活学习中不断的战胜困难，取得进步．【解答】答案：16﹣20 BACAD 21﹣25CBDAC 26﹣30 DBCDA 31﹣35 ACBDA16．B．考查动词辨析．由语境可知作者一直以妈妈作为她的榜样．play the role扮演的角色．17．A．考查动词辨析．节约挣的每分钱去学校读书．选A．saving节约．18．C．考查名词辨析．由后文暗示前文．piles of law books 以及when you said you were in law school可以得到暗示．19．A．考查从句．是tell的宾语，选what．20．D．考查介词辨析．在餐厅吃饭时，作者的母亲还在埋头看法律书．under piles of law books在成堆的法律书下．21．C．考查形容词辨析．由后文暗示前文．I was more puzzled．22．B．考查名词辨析．作者的母亲在学校读书．由常识可知是为了考试．所以才在餐厅吃饭时，还埋头读书．23．D．考查情态动词辨析．can用在肯定句中表示客观的或一时的可能性．意思是"有时会，可能"．24．A．考查动词辨析．母亲的话在小女孩的耳边回响．ring in the ear．25．C．考查名词辨析．面对学习上竞争的挑战．26．D．考查名词辨析．语境推理，上文暗示，小女孩一直以她妈妈为榜样．27．B．考查动词辨析．母亲对自己的要求很高，女孩以母亲为榜样，当她松懈时，看到母亲的行动．inaction行动．28．C．考查形容词辨析．上文暗示，As young as I was．29．D．考查动词短语辨析．根据上文我突然感到无限的自由的梦想．我的整个世界被打开了．30．A．考查名词辨析．母亲的行动使女孩我的生活充满了希望，到无尽的可能性，为个人和专业上的卓越成就．hope希望；hardship困难；harmony和谐；sadness悲伤．31．A．考查副词辨析．母亲的话成了女孩的座右铭．女孩在学习生活中不断的反思自己，激励自己取得进步．constantly不断的．32．C．考查逻辑．由前后句的句子关系为平行关系，表示或者的意思．33．B．考查名词辨析．由上文暗示，As young as I was，that statement．34．D．考查副词辨析．母亲的激励的话，让女孩在生活学习中毅然前行，急切的面对每一个挑战．35．A．考查动词辨析．do it做事情．【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定．第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．第二部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17．（12.5分）Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home．What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals．Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week．You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health．Accommodation ZonesHomestays are located in London mainly in Zones2，3and of the transport system．Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential（居住的）．Zones3and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area．It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground．Meal Plans Available♢Continental Breakfast♢Breakfast and Dinner♢Breakfast，Packed Lunch and DinnerIt's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast．Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal（谷物类食品），bread and tea or coffee．Cheese，fruit and cold meat are not normallypart of a Continental Breakfast in England．Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert，fruit and coffee．FriendsIf you wish to invite a friend over to visit．you must first ask your host's permission．You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy．Self﹣Catering Accommodation in Private Homes Accommodation on a room﹣only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room．This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestule and is more suitable for the long﹣stay student．However，it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much．36．The passage is probably written for D A．host willing to receive foreign studentsB．loreigners hoping to build British cultureC．travellers planning to vist famlies in LondonD．English learners applying to like in English homes37．Which of the following will the host provide？ A A．Room cleaning．B．Medical care．C．Free transport．D．Physical trainning．38．What can be inferred from Paragraph3？ B A．Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2．B．The business centre of London is in Zone 1．C．Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre．D．Accommodation in the city centre is not provided．39．According to the passage．What does continental Breakfast include？ C A．Dessert and coffeeB．Fruit and vegetables．C．bread and fruit juiceD．Centre and cold meat．40．Why do some people choose self﹣catering accommodation？ D A．To experience a warmer famliy atmosphere．B．To enrich their knowledge of English．C．To entertain friends as they like．D．To enjoy much more freedom．【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，主要向我们介绍了寄宿家庭为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验，文章中详细说明了寄宿家庭的主人为我们提供的服务，以及寄宿需要注意的事项．【解答】36．D 主旨大意题．由第一段Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home．可知寄宿家庭为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验．再结合文章的内容可推知这篇文章不是为愿意接受英国学生的主人写的，也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家庭的参观者写的．大概是为那些申请在英国人家中居住的英语学习者写的．故选D．37．A 细节理解题．由第二段Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week．可知主人能够提供打扫房间，每周至少更换一次床单，该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理、免费交通和身体训练，故选A．38．B 推理判断题．由第三段Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones2，3and of the transport system 可知伦敦的商业中心在Zone，因此B正确；误解分析：由第三段Zones3and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area可知Zone 3和Zone 4不像Zone 2那么拥挤，由此排除A项；Most hosts do not live in the town centre只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心，并没有说人们不去市中心，由此排除C项；本段只是提到市中心拥挤，并没有说到居住在市中心的家庭不为学生提供食宿，由此排除D项．故选B．39．C 细节理解题．由第四段中的Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee可知欧式早餐包括面包和果汁，故选C．40．D 细节理解题．由最后一段This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle可知SelfCatering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由，故选D．【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．18．（12.5分）In the fall of 1985．I was a bright﹣eyed ghl heading off to Howard University，aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere．Twenty﹣one years later I am later I am still a bright﹣eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell．My grandma，an amazing woman，graduated from college an the age of 65．She was the first in our family to reach that goal．But one year after I started college，she developed cancer．I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her．It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait．Then I got married with another dream：building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children．In 1999，we adopted our first son．To lay eyes on him was fantastic﹣﹣﹣and very emotional．A year later came our second adopted boy．Then followed son No.3．In 2003，I gave birth to another boy．You can imagine how fully occupied I became，raising four boys under the age of 81．Our home was a complete zoo﹣﹣﹣a joyous zoo．Not surprising，I never did make it back to college full﹣time．But I never gave up on the dream either．I had only one choice：to find a way．That meant talking as few as one class each semester．The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys．They often wanted me to stay home with them．There certainly were times I wanted to quit，But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives．In 2007，I graduated from the University of North Carolina．It took me over 21years to get my college degree！I am not special，just single﹣minded．It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge，but when you're in the midst of it，it just seems normal．Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day．It's a process．Remember；little steps add up to big dreams．41．When the author went to Howard University，her dream was to be C A．a writerB．a teacherC．a judgeD．a doctor42．Why did the author quit school in her second year of college？ D A．She wanted to study by herself．B．She fell in love and got married．C．She suffered from a serious illness．D．She decided to look after her grandma．43．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4and 5？ A AShe was buy yet happy with her family life．B．She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons．C．She wanted to remain a full﹣time housewife．D．She was too confused to make a correct choice．44．What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph？ B A．Failure is the mother of success．B．Little by little，one goes far．C．Every coin has two sides．D．Well begun，half done．45．Which of the following can best describe the author？ A A．Caring and determine．B．Honest and responsible．C．Ambitious and sensitive．D．Innocent and single﹣minded．【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文讲述了作者从小充满梦想，并持之以恒付诸实践，将梦想变成现实．很多事情都要从量变到质变，不能着急，要持之以恒．生命就是个过程，伟大的梦想需要一步一步脚踏实地的完成．【解答】41．答案：C 细节理解题．由第一段第一句中的dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench可知，作者去霍华德大学时就梦想着能够坐在美国联邦最高法院的长凳上，即她渴望成为一名法官．42．答案：D 细节理解题．由第二段第三、四句"I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her．It meant that school and mypersonal dream would have to wait．"可知，作者在大二时退学回家是为了生病的祖母．43．答案：A 推理判断题．由第四、五段的叙述可知，作者在家里虽然忙碌，但她的确非常快乐．由第五段第一句中的The hardest partwas feeling guilty about…可知B项的叙述是错误的；由第四段第四、五句可知作者并没有放弃自己的梦想去当全职家庭主妇，排除C项；由第四段倒数第二句中"Ihad only one choice：to find a way．"可知，作者对于这个选择是果断的，并没有感到困惑，排除D项．44．答案：B 主旨大意题．最后一段的最后一句"Remember：little steps add up to big dreams．"是该段的主题句，意思是："不积跬步，难以至千里（每一小步都能积累成伟大的梦想）"与Little by little，one goes far．"千里之行，始于足下．"意思相同；．而Failure is the mother of success．"失败是成功之母．"；Every coin has two sides．"凡事都有两面性．"；Wellbegun，half done．"好的开始是成功的一半．"45．答案：A 推理判断题．由第二段作者在大二时退学回家照顾祖母可知，这表明作者是有爱心的；由倒数第二段作者用了21年多的时间最终取得大学学位，这表明作者是有决心的．【点评】这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件．命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力．19．（12.5分）An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond．The concept is simple：help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome．In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit （追求）to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools．The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched （发起）the"If All of Seattle Read the Same Book"project in 1998．Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book，but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to Hong kong．In Chicago，the mayor（市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the"One Book，One Chicago"program．As a result，reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city．Across the US，stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character．The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population．This may show that the idea works best in medium﹣sized cities or large towns，where a greater sense of unity（一致）can be achieved．Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energyAnd passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself．Ultinatel was Nancy points out，the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process．or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word．46．What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy？ B A．To invite authors to guide readers．B．To encourage people to read and share．C．To involve people in communnity service．D．To promote the friendship between cities．47．Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the projict？ C A．They had little interest in reading．B．They were too busy to read a book．C．They came from many different backgroundsD．They lacked support from the locat government48．According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out？ D A．In large communities with little sense of unityB．In large cities where libraries are far from homeC．In medium﹣sized cities with a diverse populationD．In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached49．The underlined words"shared a word"in Paragraph 5probably mean A A．exchanged ideas with each otherB．discussed the meaning of a wordC．gamed life experienceD．used the same language50．According to Nacy，the degree of students of the project is judged by C A．the careful selection of a proper bookB．the growing popularity of the writersC．the number of people who benefit from reading．D．the number of books that each person reads．【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们讲述了西雅图的一个公共图书馆传遍美国的概念：帮助建立一个城市的社区意识，让每个人都在同一个城镇读同一本书，同时讲述了这个想法的发展与人们的看法．【解答】46．B 细节理解题．由第二段The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched （发起）the"If All of Seattle Read the Same Book"project in 1998．可知南希发起这个项目的目的是为了鼓励人们读书并分享读书心得，故选B．47．C 推理判断题．由第四段The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population．This may show that the idea works best in medium﹣sized cities or large towns，where a greater sense of unity（一致）can be achieved．可知纽约人口众多，且每个人背景不同，在中等城市和大城镇里这个项目容易展开的原因是这些地方更容易取得一致性．由此可推出这项工程在纽约不容易开展的原因是：纽约人的背景各不相同．故选C．48．D 细节理解题．由第四段This may show that the idea works best in medium﹣sized cities or large towns，where a greater sense of unity（一致）can be achieved．可知这个项目在容易取得一致性的中等城市和大城镇里更容易展开，故选D．59．A 词义猜测题．由短文最后一段but by how many people are enriched by the process．or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word．可知有很多人不会与其他人去交流分享，因此此处的share a word应为"相互谈论或交流"的含义．故选A．50．C 细节理解题．由最后一段Ultinatel was Nancy points out，the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process．or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word．可知南希认为这个项目成功的程度不是用多少人读一本书来衡量，而是由多少人从这个过程中受益来决定的．故选C．【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．20．（12.5分）Blind imitation （模仿）is self﹣destruction．To those who do not recognize their unique worth．Imitation appears attractive：to those who know their strenghth．Imitation is unacceptable．In the early stages of skill or character development，imitation is helpful．When I first learned to cook，I used recipes （菜谱）and turned out some tasty dishes．But soon I grew bored．Why follow someone else's way of cooking when I could create my own？Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle；they。
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B.1. He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.A. orderB. arrangeC. takeD. book答案：D.考点：考查动词意义。
句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。
解析：book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。
2.—Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me?—Sure. ?A. What helpB. What is thisC. What is itD. What do you want 答案：C.考点：考查交际用语。
句意：—劳驾，你能帮帮我吗？—好的，什么事？解析：第一个人询问是否可以帮忙，从第二个人的回答sure，可以知道他愿意，接着问，具体是什么事，用What is it？意思是“什么事？”。
3. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. roomB. areaC. fieldD. position答案：A.考点：考查名词意义和用法。
句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。
解析：make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为……让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。
4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.A. are workingB. have been workingC. workedD. had worked 答案：B.考点：考查动词时态。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试时间100分钟，第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码，答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上无效，考试结束后，将本是卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共55小题，共95分第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there you will be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B.1. We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. itB. thisC. thatD. one2.----Just a moment . I haven’t finished packing my suitcase.---- .Its high time we left for the airport.A. Go aheadB. Take it easyC.Hurry upD. That's fine3.In the last few years thousands of films allover the word.A.have producedB. have been producedC. are producingD. are being produced4.On the next birthday.Ann married for twenty years.A.isB.has beenC.will beD.will have been5. regular exercise is very important.It’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedmme.A.ItB. AsC.AlthoughD.Unless6.I a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowedB.openedC.enteredD.ordered7.Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried8.She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping att the department store.A.turned downB.dealt withC.took afterD.came across9. The young man couldn’t afford a new car _______, he bought a used one.A. BesidesB. OtherwiseC. InsteadD. Still10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which11. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.A. belowB. ofC. onD. above12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where14.---I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.---________? Mary is interested.A. Why botherB. Why notC. So whatD. What for15. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后次哦能够16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试时间100分钟，第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至12页。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共55小题，共95分第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there you will be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B.1. We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. itB. thisC. thatD. one2.----Just a moment . I haven’t finished packing my suitcase.---- .Its high time we left for the airport.A. Go aheadB. Take it easyC. Hurry upD. That's fine3.In the last few years thousands of films allover the word.A. have producedB. have been producedC. are producingD. are being produced4.On the next birthday. Ann married for twenty years.A. isB. has beenC. will beD. will have been5. regular exercise is very important, i t’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bed time.A. ItB. AsC. AlthoughD. Unless6.I a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A. borrowedB. openedC. enteredD. ordered7.Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried8.She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A. turned downB. dealt withC. took afterD. came across9. The young man couldn’t afford a new car _______, he bought a used one.A. BesidesB. OtherwiseC. InsteadD. Still10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which11. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.A. belowB. ofC. onD. above12.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where14.---I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.---________? Mary is interested.A. Why botherB. Why notC. So whatD. What for15. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后次哦能够16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. 假定一个类的构造函数为A ( int aa, int bb) { a = aa; b = bb; }，则执行A x(4,5)；语法后，x.a和x.b的值分别为（）。
A．4和5 B．5和4 C．4和20 D．20和52. 假定AB为一个类，则执行AB x；语句时将自动调用该类的（）。
A．有参构造函数B．无参构造函数C．拷贝构造函数D．赋值重载函数3. C++语言建立类族是通过（）。
A．类的嵌套B．类的继承C．虚函数D．抽象类4. 在C++中，数据封装要解决的问题是（）。
A．数据规范化排列B．数据高速转换C．避免数据丢失D．切断了不同模块之间的数据的非法使用5. 如果class类中的所有成员在定义时都没有使用关键字public、private或protected，则所有成员缺省定义为（）。
A．public B．protected C．private D．static6. 关于内联成员函数，以下说法错误的是：（）。
A. 为了提高运行时的效率，对于较简单的函数可以声明为内联形式。
B. 内联函数体中不要有复杂结构（如循环语句和switch语句）。
C. 将函数体放在类的声明中或使用inline 关键字可声明内联成员函数。
D. 内联函数的声明可以不必出现在内联函数第一次被调用之前。
7. 关于构造函数，以下说法错误的是：（）。
A. 构造函数的作用是在对象被创建时使用特定的值构造对象，或者说将对象初始化为一个特定的状态。
在对象创建时由系统自动调用。
B. 基类的构造函数可以被派生类所继承。
C. 如果程序中未声明，则系统自动产生出一个缺省形式的构造函数。
D. 允许为内联函数、重载函数、带缺省形参值的函数。
8. 关于析构函数，以下说法错误的是：（）。
A. 完成对象被删除前的一些清理工作。
B. 在对象的生存期结束时系统自动调用它，再释放此对象所属的空间。
C. 如果程序中未声明析构函数，编译器将自动产生一个缺省的析构函数。
2011年6月大学英语三级(A)考试密押试卷（2）Part Ⅱ Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) .Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. Is there any hope of ________ the final exam?A) John to pass B) John pass C) passing John D) John's passing17. Lawrence will do anything for Lily except _________ her money.A) lending B) lend C) borrowing D) borrow18. We found it impossible ________ all the questions within the time given.A) solve B) being solving C) to have solved D) to solve19. We don’t allow _________ in the meeting room.A) to smoke B) smoked C) smoking D) to smoking20. ________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A) As B) That C) Who D) Which21. There were _________ for Saturday's movie.A) not available tickets B )no available tickets C) no tickets available D) tickets no available22. The output of our factory is now twice ________ it was three years ago.A) what B) that C) as D) which23. At no time and under no circumstances ________ the first to use nuclear weapons.A) China will be B) will China be C) will be China D) shall China be24. What ________ would happen if the manager knew you felt that way?A) will you suppose B)are you supposing C) do you suppose D) you would suppose25. It is high time someone ________ Nick that each member of a team has to do his share of work.A) could tell B) tell C) told D) would tellSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. A series of cultural programs (hold) __________ in Shanghai to celebrate this largest national sports meeting in history.27. Do the results of the research have any practical (apply) __________?28. (not pass) __________ the final examination, she was laughed at by her classmates.29. Your advice that the investigation (be) __________ postponed is reasonable.30. Such facts as rain, snow, storm and wind are all (phenomenon) __________ of nature.31. She makes (occasion) __________ appearances for the local sports meeting.32. The electric current (break) __________, the workers stopped working right away.33. The host planned to (modem) __________ his house by buying some latest electronic products.34. Mary accused one of her colleagues of (steal) __________ her money.35. They cherish the (friend) __________ between themPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In Washington D. C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States.Originally the White House was gray and was called the presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nation's new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L' Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L' Enfant then planned the city. The president's home was an important part of the plan,A contest was held to pick a design for the president's home. An architect named James Hobart won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone.President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs. Adams did not-really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm!In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. They burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace.After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president's home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House.The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.36. The White House was built in Washington ________.A) because a French engineer was invited to design itB) because President George Washington liked to live in itC) because the British invaders lived in it in 1812 -1814D) because it was to be the nation' s capital city37. The Presidential Palace was ________.A) painted gray and white B) made of gray stoneC) made of white stone D) made very warm in winter38. The president's home and the city of Washington were ________.A) built by the American army B) built by the British troopsC) planned by George Washington D) planned by the French39. The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt ________.A) because John Adams' wife did not like itB) because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplacesC) because it had burned down during the warD) because George Washington was not willing to live in it40. The new presidential home was painted white to ________.A) cover the marks of fire B) attract tourist from FranceC) to please Mrs. John Adams D) keep it warm in winterTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Man finds living together with his own species(物种) difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that get in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased(带有倾向) in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed. Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in fact that the bias is still there--the dog cannot whistle for the man.But now comes news of a piece of research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated(活跃的)conversations are being heldwith a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩)called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardener have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.41. According to the writer, when man finds it impossible to live together with other species, he usually _________.A) tries to communicate with themB) tries to teach them a languageC) sets up a relationship with themD) wipes them out42. According to the writer; we communicate with animals in an attempt to ________.A) set up a relationship with themB) make them do what we wantC) get along well with themD) teach them a language43. The writer implies that the shepherd-sheepdog whistle language is still biased because ________.A) it can only be used to give ordersB) it is not natural for both shepherd and sheepdogC) it is a one-way communication approachD) it can only be used between man and dog44. Allen and Beatrice Gardener managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by ________.A) training the chimpanzee to learn human language in an entirely new methodB) creating a language both man and the chimpanzee were able to useC) using animal' s vocal language which the chimpanzee was able to understandD) learning the chimpanzee's language with an entirely new approach45. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A) in the future the chimpanzee can learn language like human beingsB) in the past researchers taught a chimpanzee words of our natural languageC) man and animals can get along well if they can communicate with each otherD) the chimpanzee can communicate well with our human beingsTask 3Directions: The following is a passage about contract. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No. 46 to No. 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.A contract is an agreement between two or more people in which one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by the other. Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both parties. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in exchange for what is given or done by the other. If one person does what was promised and the other does not, the other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she may also be required to pay for*damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things to be done by both parties must be stated in definite terms or the court will hold that contract is too Vague and general to be enforced. Similarly, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.Task 4Directions: The following is a list of terms about meeting. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…相同的) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 to 55.A—to hold a meeting E—final sittingB—working party F—formal sittingC—meeting in camera G—plenary meetingD—opening sitting H—study groupI—budget committee M—board of directorsJ—drafting committee N—executive councilK—committee of experts O—standing bodyL—advisory committee P—committeeExamples：(M)董事会 (H)学习研讨会51．( )起草委员会 ( )专家委员会52．( )预算委员会 ( )闭幕会53．( )常设机构 ( )工作小组54．( )秘密会议 ( )执行委员会55．( )咨询委员会 ( )全会Task 5Directions: There is a letter below. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No. 56 to No. 60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.To: All staffFrom: Personnel Dept.Date: December 26th, 2008Subject: Appointment of a New Vice PresidentYou will be pleased to learn that, effective on December 28th, Mr. David Lee has been appointed Vice President of the company. He will replace Mr. Charles Hu, who is retiring next month after 23 years of invaluable contributions to our company.Mr. Lee will be concurrently serving as Director of the International Division until further notice. In the meantime, we hope that you' will all give Mr. Lee the same loyal support and cooperation which you gave to Mr. Hu during his tenure of office. Thank you.56. Who issues the announcement?_________________________________.57. What is the subject of this announcement?Appointment of a ____________________________________.58. Who will be the new vice president of the company?__________________________________.59. When is the old vice president retiring?__________________________________.60. What will Mr. Lee be concurrently serving as?__________________________________ of the International Division.Part Ⅳ Translation--English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: this part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet.61. The Chinese government has offered great support to Tibet in terms of manpower, material resources, funding and technology.A)中国政府从人力、物力、资金和技术上大力支援西藏。
2011 年天津市高考英语试题真题威望分析整体评论： 2011 年天津高考英语试卷对比2010 年高考英语题目整体难度稳中有降。
表此刻以下两个方面：1、试卷整体词汇难度适合。
对比2009。
2010 年的试卷， 2011 年英语试卷词汇方面的考察范围更加“亲民”，防止了一些偏词怪词和冷僻词汇的出现，与难词直接关系的题目也较前两年大为减少。
2、试卷整体安排基本切合高考主流，考生易于掌握考试节奏。
只假如频频做过从前天津高考英语试卷的同学不难感觉到今年的题目中规中矩，特别是在主观题目的观察上非常切合天津卷过去的风格和观察习惯。
3、所以， 2012 年的准考生仍是应当增强对基础知识和基础词汇的掌握，这样才能保证自己在考试时候立于不败之地。
一、单项填空(1*10=15 分 )2010 年的考试中出了7 道语法题， 2 道情形社交， 6 道词汇。
2011 年的考试中出了8 道语法题， 1 道情形社交， 6 道词汇。
语法和词汇观察的都是传统考点。
非谓语动词，时态，从句，神态动词和虚构语气近几年来向来占有着天津高考语法观察的前列，请2012 年参加天津高考的同学要特别注意。
平常增强对真题的常常考点频频练习，必定能够在考试时候有的放矢。
也希望 2012 年的考生能够主次分明，对常考点加以练习。
对于一些常出现的短语加以划分。
1、 IT 充任形式宾语。
2、语境中短语的应用。
快点3、此刻达成时被动语态的观察4、未来达成时的观察，从NEXT---FOR 确立语法。
5、退步状语的观察，从 NEVER 推测逻辑语义。
6、金融英语“开账户”的短语为 OPEN AN ACCOUNT.7、非谓语动词的被动语态。
BE PERMITTED/ALLOWED TO DO STH被同意干某事。
8、语境中的短语观察。
“碰到”英语表达为 COME ACROSS=HAPPEN TO MEET9、取而代之，转折连词。
10、时间状语从句的观察11、语境中的介词搭配。
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 points)31. Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stick _______ his opinion.A. atB. toC. forD. for32. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One33. Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were and not planned.A. substantialB. spontaneousC. simultaneousD. synthetic34. All substances , take up space.A. whether are liquid or solidB. whether are they liquid or solidC. be they liquid or solidD. no matter they are solid and liquid35. The girl was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.A. preliminarilyB. presumablyC. formallyD. formerly36. A Loan is a written document that states that a lender has agreed tolend borrower a sum of money at certain rate of interest for a specific period of time, which may contain sets of conditions and a date by which the loan must close.A. obligationB. dutyC. responsibilityD. commitment37. after a long walk, I couldn’t move a step farther.A. Having worn outB. Wearing outC. To wear out D Worn out38. Before the first non-stop flight made in l949, it necessary for allplanes to land for refueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been39. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents andmost business letters are the main situations formal language is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at what40. It took him several hours to ________the paper off all four walls.A. shearB. strikeC. scrapeD. chip41. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized42. doubt there are a lot of natural resources in this country.A. Little do weB. Little weC. Seldom did weD. Few do we43. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told44. M: Hello, Fred’s Motors.W: Hello, it’s Mrs. Williams here. I’m just phoning up because my Volvo is making very, very strange noises, and I wondered if you’d be able to have a look at it.M: Yeah. When was the last time you had it serviced?W: I think it was only about a month a go. But it’s a sort of knocking noise.M: Well, tomorrow morning, yeah?A. do itB. change itC. bring it inD. take it away45. M: What’s 53 times 115? I can’t .W: Why don’t you use a calculator?A. work it outB. count itC. have it doneD. work it upPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, there is one passage with five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C arid D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.Mark Twain pointed out that if work were so pleasant, the rich would keep it for themselves. But however much people may think they dislike work, everyone has a deep psychological need for it. Everyone wants to be valued, and wages and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding they might be, bringing up children, housework and voluntary employment are not usually seen as proper jobs. The only proper job is one that provides paid employment. Being paid for a job in our society means higher personal status.Of course we would also prefer work to be useful, pleasant and interesting—and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure from it. The fact that we have to overcome some difficulties that we have to deal with doing routine tasks, in some way gives us pleasure.For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of purpose. The modern workplace also provides somewhere where people can assert their identity or create a new one.Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they are unable to enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives, their personality, self-image and status have been defined by work; without it they lose their appetite for life.People who suddenly lose their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. At a single stoke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job provides. In a culture dominated by work, they are seen by those with jobs as incompetent or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the unemployed.Employment is now changing, however. Information technology has already significantly altered the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no longer realistic. Many people fear they will lose their jobs, and some are being persuaded to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home. This means that we may no longer be able to depend on work to define ourselves and our position in society, and that we will have to find new ways to give our lives a sense of value and purpose.Questions:46. Mark Twain pointed out that______.A. the rich should work moreB. work is not such a pleasurable thingC. the rich should keep all the work for themselvesD. work makes people rich47. People have a deep psychological need for work because______.A. they want to be richB. they like being told what to doC. everyone needs moneyD. they want to be valued and work proves this value48. People don’t have to enjoy their work to get pleasure from it because______.A. the salary makes them happyB. they get used to the routineC. coping with problems can be satisfyingD. they know their work is still useful49. People who have no work often______.A. enjoy their leisure timeB. develop a better self-imageC. have difficulty coping with the changeD. take an interest in new activities50. The arrival of information technology has______.A. enhanced people’s interest in workB. made work more stressfulC. made the workplace unnecessaryD. made people change their attitude to workSection B (10 marks)by a summary. Read the by choosing a maximum of three words from the passageCompanies say that in many cases, the benefits of foreign-language knowledge can lie outside the specific realm of business. That’s one reason why the programs are optional. Mayer says that the benefits are more to help each employee adjust to his or her new surroundings and to promote the company’s policy of being a good neighbor and becoming integrated into local communities than to help the executive conduct actual business.At IBM, company-subsidized foreign-language training is provided on a case-by-case basis, says Mia Vanstraelen, director of human resources for learning in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. If employees need foreign-language skills to do their job properly—for example, an expatriate manager who functions as the point person between an overseas operation and headquarters or a sales employee who deals with clients on the ground overseas—the company will provide financial support. In addition, company support is often available for employees seeking business-related skills to further their own careers within the company.A less-than-aggressive attitude toward foreign-language acquisition at the corporate level is typical, some experts say, and the reasons range from high cost to a lack of necessity. English, the language of business, the language of technology, the language of Hollywood, is the language to know in global business even for traditionally non-English-speaking countries.While Americans have to decide which second language might be most useful for their business careers according to their areas of interest, potential business professionals in other countries whose native language is not English have a clear answer to that question. And as more students worldwide learn to conduct business in English, its position as the language of commerce solidifies.Even multinationals that are headquartered in other countries are using English as the language of business, Van Some ren says. He cites Sony’s Berlin headquarters as an example. In that office, which has about 400 employees, there are 45 different nationalities and almost as many languages, he says. “So the cost and effort associated with trying to teach everyone German when a lot of them will be moving on to other assignments in a matter of months probably doesn’t make a lot of sense,” he says. Language acquisition can be a slow process, and companies that need someone who speaks a foreign language can’t wait years for t he right employee to gain the skills. When knowledge of a foreign language is what is specifically required, that’s the skill set human resources looks for. Lieberthal says that in manyways, training high-level employees in a foreign language such as Chinese simply doesn’t make good business sense. “It’s a large investment with high front-end costs.” Top executives could harm their careers by taking time off to study a language. In addition, he says, even if an executive were willing to put in the time to learn a language, the training just doesn’t make economic sense. An employer would have to not only cover the cost of language training as well as the executive’s salary, but also absorb whatever financial burden results from lost productivity. An executive sitting in the classroom memorizing vocabulary could be an investment in the future, but it would be a very costly one, Lieberthal says, and one that might not produce great returns.Part VI IQ Test (5 minutes,5 marks)There are five IQ question in this part. Write the answers on the answer sheet.91. The combined age of Frasier and Niles is 86 years.The combined age of Niles and Daphne is 74 years.The combined age of Frasier and Daphne is 78 years.Figure out each person’s age.92. This bar chart shows the heights of a class of pupils.Which statement must be true?A. 2 children are 125 cm tall or less.B. 8 children are at least 140 cm tall, but less than 145 cm tall.C. 8 children are more than 144 cm tall, but less than 150 cm tall.D. No children are taller than 158 cm.Height (cm)93. If Sid Shady is 80 cm plus half his own height, how tall is he?94. A man is 36 years old. He asks the other man how old he is. The otherman answers: “I am twice as old as you were when I was as old as you are today.” How old is the other man?95. Choose the answer that best completes the series: Euro, Dollar, Franc, Peso, …A. YenB. CurrencyC. CashD. CheckPart Ⅶ Writing (30 minutes, 30 marks)Task Ⅰ(10 marks)The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. Write a letter of about 80 words in an appropriate style on the Answer Sheet. Do not write your address or name.Task Ⅱ (20 marks)Recently, there is a heated debate about whether we should make friends on line. Now write a composition giving your opinion on the subject.Write your composition of about 120 words on the answer sheet.Section C (10 marks)In this section, there is passage followed by five uncompleted sentences. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the sentences in a maximum of three words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 56-60 are completed with the information given.Virgin Trains CarLinkHaving trouble finding a fast, easy way to get to or from the train station?Stop worrying. Let Virgin Trains CarLink drive you.If you’re travelling from the northwest of England, we’ll pick you up from your door, take you to the station and then meet you when you return.Or if you’re coming to the northwest of England, we’ll meet you off the train, take you where you want to go to and then—when you’re ready—take you back to the stationHOW it worksHow to bookTo secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance:•five days in advance of travel, if you book via the Virgin Train Line 0345 222 333.•by 18:00 the day before travel, if you book in person at a station.56. CarLink services operate in the .57. For each one-way journey you need to give the driver plus thebalance of the fare.58. You will still be picked up at the station even if your train .59. Bear in mind that if things change, call CarLink to inform your .60. To secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance by telephone or .Section D (10 marks)Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not coal but steam power. J.L. and Barbara Hammond said that steam power “declared the triumph of industry and the glory of man”. From clumsy and inefficient beginnings it was quickly improved to open up tremendous possibilities for industrial progress. The limitations of muscle—power are obvious, and though water had served well to work bellows and hammers in iron works，or to turn machinery like the water-frame and the mule in the textile industry, it could only be applied in a limited way in Britain. For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-flowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and Wales, this country’s rivers flow slowly. The Alpine area of Europe, and much of the United States relied on water power for much longer than Britain, and hydroelectricity has brought water back into its own in many parts of the world. The geographical limitations of Britain’s water power, however, necessitated finding an alternative solution to the problem.When water vaporizes it expands 1,800 times. The idea of harnessing this energy is far from new. It was probably used by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C. to open temple doors or to pour libations apparently by magic. Hero’s writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance and many people, including, for example, the Marquis of Worcester (1601-1667) experimented with devices using steam. Regretfully, therefore, we must dismiss the old myth that steam power was born in the mind of a bright Scots lad called James Watt as he sat one winter’s evening watching his mother’s kettle boil on the hearth. Watt’s contribut ion to steam is incalculable, but steam-pumps had been used in Britain for over seventy years before he began his work.The first steam-engine used in industry was invented by Thomas Savery (1650-1715). Called “The Miners’ Friend or an engine to raise water by fire”, it was patented in 1698 and worked on simple principles. It pumped water from wells quite efficiently and was used successfully in Cornish copper-mines, but its limitations were revealed when it was tried in the Broadwater Collieries in Staffordshire in 1706 and was found to be capable of pumping water up no more than 100 feet. When greater pressure was used the boiler burst. Therefore, Savery’s engine was used to supply water in gentlemen’s houses or to work fountains—tasks it could perform effectively, though not quite safely as there was no pressure-gauge.It was Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), a Dartmouth blacksmith and ironmonger, who produced the first steam-pump to be used widely in industry. It was known as an “atmospheric engine” because, in contrast to Savery’s engine, the steam in the cylinder was not used to drive the pump but only to create a partial vacuum when condensed. Ordinary air pressure drove the piston into the cylinder and this raised the pump which was connected to the piston by a see-sawing cross-beam. A large piston meant that it was possible to gain more force without increasing steam pressure and this made Newcomen’s engine much more powerful than Savery’s.The first engine was made about 1706 but it was a clumsy affair. The piston did not fit tightly into the cylinder and condensation，which was achieved by pouring cold water on the outside of the cylinder，was far from complete. Moreover，the tap controlling the passage of steam into the cylinder was worked by hand seven or eight times a minute. These difficulties were ironed out by 1720；water was now sprayed into the cylinder toimprove condensation, the operation of the taps had been made automatic,and a safety-valve had been fitted to eliminate the danger of explosion.The improved engine soon became standard equipment in most large mines，and it was also used to pump water into canals and to supply drinking-water in towns. It is difficult to know exactly how many were in useby the second half of the 18th century but in 1767 fifty-seven were found around Newcastle，and there were eighteen in Cornish mines in 1780. Questions:61. Why could water power only be applied in a limited way in Britain?62. Who was the first person mentioned in the text trying to use steam power?63. Who invented the first steam engine used in industry?64. How was Newcomen’s engine different from that of Savery’s?65. What was installed to the first engine to prevent explosion?Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context; using the correct form of the given word; according to the given letters of a word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.There are many wedding traditions in the West. And some of them date back to several hundreds of years and most of their origins have their (66) r in ancient superstitious beliefs.“Something old, new, borrowed and blue” is a popular bridal attire (盛装) rhyme. It dates from the Victorian times. Something old refers (67) wearing something that represents a link with the bride’s family and her (68) (precede) life. Usually, the bride wears a piece of family jewelry or maybe her mother’s or grandmother’s wedding dress. Wearing something new (69) (symbol) good fortune and success in the bride’s new life.The bride’s wedding dress is usually chosen, or purchased new, (70) bit can be any other new item of the bride’s wedding attire. Weari ng something borrowed is meant to (71) b good luck to the marriage. It could be an item of bridal clothing, a handkerchief or an item of jewelry. Wearing something blue dates back to biblical times (72) the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.The custom of the wedding veil is thought to (73) pre the wedding dress by centuries. One explanation for it is that during the times of arranged marriage, the bride’s face was covered until the groom was committed (74)her at the ceremony—so it would be too late for him to run off if he did notlike the look of her! It is also thought that rite veal was worn to (75) pr the bride from evil spirits that would be floating around on her wedding day. This is why the ve al covers the brides’ face throughout the ceremony until the minister (76) p the couple man and wife.And traditionally a bride’s (77) (engage) ring and wedding ring are worn on the fourth finger of the left hand. (78) Th no precise evidenceexplains the origin of this tradition, one belief is strongly held to it. It (79) ori from the 17th century. During a wedding then, the priest arrived at the fourth finger (80) a touching the three fingers on the left hand “... in the nameo f the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost”.Part Ⅴ Translation (15 minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.(81) For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn’t afford”. (82) With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are notthe most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. (83) It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.(84) There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. (85) I regret my impatience to get on with my career; I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes.Section B (10 marks)86. 有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。
高考英语模拟试题（一）第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力部分（共二节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选山最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who is the man? 1. AA. A taxi driver.B. A restaurant waiter.C. A traffic policeman.2. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 2. CA. Boss and secretary.B. Teacher and student.C. tlusband and wife.3. What do we know about the woman? 3. CA. She missed Jane’s birthday party.B. She hasn’t received Jane’s invitation.C. She will attend Jane’stbirthday party.4. Where is Mr Baker now？4. BA. At his office.B. At a restaurant.C. At the travel service.5. What happened to the woman? 5. BA. A thief broke into her garden.B. Some of her money was stolen.C. One of her windows was broken.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独自。
每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2011年高考英语天津卷（附答案）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there _________ you will be able to see it better.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B.1. We feel _________ our duty to make our country a better place.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one2. —Just a moment. I haven't finished packing my suitcase.—_________. Its high time we left for the airport.A.Go aheadB.Take it easyC.Hurry upD.That's fine3. In the last few years thousands of films _________allover the word.A.have producedB.have been producedC.are producingD.are being produced4. On her next birthday, Ann _________ married for twenty years.A.isB.has beenC.will beD.will have been5. _________ regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.IfB.AsC.AlthoughD.Unless6. I _________a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowedB.openedC.enteredD.ordered7. Passengers are permitted _________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carryB.carryingC.to be carriedD.being carried8. She _________an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A.turned downB.dealt withC.took afterD.came across9. The young man couldn't afford a new car _________, he bought a used one.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.InsteadD.Still10. The days are gone _________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which11. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.A.belowB.ofC.onD.above12. _________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.To translateD.Having translated13. Modern science has given clear evidence _________ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where14. —I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.—_________? Mary is interested.A.Why botherB.Why notC.So whatD.What for15. I _________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.A.had comeB.was comingC.would comeD.would have come第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从能够16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stick _______ his opinion.A. atB. toC. forD. for32. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One33. Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were and not planned.A. substantialB. spontaneousC. simultaneousD. synthetic34. All substances , take up space.A. whether are liquid or solidB. whether are they liquid or solidC. be they liquid or solidD. no matter they are solid and liquid35. The girl was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.A. preliminarilyB. presumablyC. formallyD. formerly36. A Loan is a written document that states that a lender has agreed to lendborrower a sum of money at certain rate of interest for a specific period of time, which may contain sets of conditions and a date by which the loan must close.A. obligationB. dutyC. responsibilityD. commitment37. after a long walk, I couldn’t move a step farther.A. Having worn outB. Wearing outC. To wear out D Worn out38. Before the first non-stop flight made in l949, it necessary for all planes toland for refueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been39. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and mostbusiness letters are the main situations formal language is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at what40. It took him several hours to ________the paper off all four walls.A. shearB. strikeC. scrapeD. chip41. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized42. doubt there are a lot of natural resources in this country.A. Little do weB. Little weC. Seldom did weD. Few do we43. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told44. M: Hello, Fred’s Motors.W: Hello, it’s Mrs. Williams here. I’m just phoning up because my Volvo is making very, very strange noises, and I wondered if you’d be able to have a look at it.M: Yeah. When was the last time you had it serviced?W: I think it was only about a month ago. But it’s a sort of knocking noise.M: Well, tomorrow morning, yeah?A. do itB. change itC. bring it inD. take it away45. M: What’s 53 times 115? I can’t .W: Why don’t you use a calculator?A. work it outB. count itC. have it doneD. work it upPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks)Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.Mark Twain pointed out that if work were so pleasant, the rich would keep it for themselves. But however much people may think they dislike work, everyone has a deep psychological need for it. Everyone wants to be valued, and wages and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding they might be, bringing up children, housework and voluntary employment are not usually seen as proper jobs. The only proper job is one that provides paid employment. Being paid for a job in our society means higher personal status.Of course we would also prefer work to be useful, pleasant and interesting—and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure from it. The fact that we have to overcome some difficulties that we have to deal with doing routine tasks, in some way gives us pleasure.For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of purpose. The modern workplace also provides somewhere where people can assert their identity or createa new one.Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they are unable to enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives, their personality, self-image and status have been defined by work; without it they lose their appetite for life.People who suddenly lose their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. At a single stoke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job provides. In a culture dominated by work, they are seen by those with jobs as incompetent or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the unemployed.Employment is now changing, however. Information technology has already significantly altered the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no longer realistic. Many people fear they will lose their jobs, and some are being persuaded to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home. This means that we may no longer be able to depend on work to define ourselves and our position in society, and that we will have to find new ways to give our lives a sense of value and purpose.Questions:46. Mark Twain pointed out that______.A. the rich should work moreB. work is not such a pleasurable thingC. the rich should keep all the work for themselvesD. work makes people rich47. People have a deep psychological need for work because______.A. they want to be richB. they like being told what to doC. everyone needs moneyD. they want to be valued and work proves this value48. People don’t have to enjoy their work to get pleasure from it because______.A. the salary makes them happyB. they get used to the routineC. coping with problems can be satisfyingD. they know their work is still useful49. People who have no work often______.A. enjoy their leisure timeB. develop a better self-imageC. have difficulty coping with the changeD. take an interest in new activities50. The arrival of information technology has______.A. enhanced people’s interest in workB. made work more stressfulC. made the workplace unnecessaryD. made people change their attitude to workSection B (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summery below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks 51-55. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Companies say that in many cases, the benefits of foreign-language knowledge can lie outside the specific realm of business. That’s one reason why the programs are optional. Mayer says that the benefits are more to help each employee adjust to his or her new surroundings and to promote the company’s policy of being a good neighbor and becoming integrated into local communities than to help the executive conduct actual business.At IBM, company-subsidized foreign-language training is provided on a case-by-case basis, says Mia Vanstraelen, director of human resources for learning in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. If employees need foreign-language skills to do their job properly—for example, an expatriate manager who functions as the point person between an overseas operation and headquarters or a sales employee who deals with clients on the ground overseas—the company will provide financial support. In addition, company support is often available for employees seeking business-related skills to further their own careers within the company.A less-than-aggressive attitude toward foreign-language acquisition at the corporate level is typical, some experts say, and the reasons range from high cost to a lack of necessity. English, the language of business, the language of technology, the language of Hollywood, is the language to know in global business even for traditionally non-English-speaking countries.While Americans have to decide which second language might be most useful for their business careers according to their areas of interest, potential business professionals in other countries whose native language is not English have a clear answer to that question. And as more students worldwide learn to conduct business in English, its position as the language of commerce solidifies.Even multinationals that are headquartered in other countries are using English as the language of business, Van Someren says. He cites Sony’s Berlin headquarters as an example. In that office, which has about 400 employees, there are 45 differentnationalities and almost as many languages, he says. “So the cost and effort associated with trying to teach everyone German when a lot of them will be moving on to other assignments in a matter of months probably doesn’t make a lot of sense,” he say s. Language acquisition can be a slow process, and companies that need someone who speaks a foreign language can’t wait years for the right employee to gain the skills. When knowledge of a foreign language is what is specifically required, that’s the skill set human resources looks for. Lieberthal says that in many ways, training high-level employees in a foreign language such as Chinese simply doesn’t make good business sense. “It’s a large investment with high front-end costs.” Top executives could harm their careers by taking time off to study a language. In addition, he says, even if an executive were willing to put in the time to learn a language, the training just doesn’t make economic sense. An employer would have to not only cover the cost of language training as well as the executive’s salary, but also absorb whatever financial burden results from lost productivity. An executive sitting in the classroom memorizing vocabulary could be an investment in the future, but it would be a very costly one, Lieberthal says, and one that might not produce great returns.In this section, there is passage followed by five uncompleted sentences. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the sentences in a maximum of three words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 56-60 are completed with the information given.Virgin Trains CarLinkHaving trouble finding a fast, easy way to get to or from the train station?Stop worrying. Let Virgin Trains CarLink drive you.If you’re travelling from the northwest of England, we’ll pick you up from your door, take you to the station and then meet you when you return.Or if you’re coming to the northwest of England, we’ll meet you off the train, take you where you want to go to and then—when you’re ready—take you back to the station.HOW it worksHow to bookTo secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance:•five days in advance of travel, if you book via the Virgin Train Line 0345 222 333.•by 18:00 the day before travel, if you book in person at a station.56. CarLink services operate in the .57. For each one-way journey you need to give the driver plus the balanceof the fare.58. You will still be picked up at the station even if your train .59. Bear in mind that if things change, call CarLink to inform your .60. To secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance by telephone or .Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in a maximum of ten words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not coal but steam power. J. L. and Barbara Hammond said that steam power “declared the triumph of industry and the glory of man”. From clumsy and inefficient beginnings it was quickly improved to open up tremendous possibilities for industrial progress. The limitations of muscle—power are obvious, and though water had served well to work bellows and hammers in iron works，or to turn machinery like the water-frame and the mule in the textile industry, it could only be applied in a limited way in Britain. For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-flowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and Wales, this country’s rivers flow slowly. The Alpine area of Europe, and much of the United States relied on water power for much longer than Britain, and hydroelectricity has brought water back into its own in many parts of the world. The geographical limitations of Britain’s water power, however, necessitated finding an alternative solution to the problem.When water vaporizes it expands 1,800 times. The idea of harnessing this energy is far from new. It was probably used by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C. to open temple doors or to pour libations apparently by magic. Hero’s writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance and many people, including, for example, the Marquis of Worcester (1601-1667) experimented with devices using steam. Regretfully, therefore, we must dismiss the old myth that steam power was born in the mind of a bright Scots lad called James Watt as he sat one winter’s evening watching his mother’s kettle boil on the hearth. Watt’s contribution to steam is incalculable, but steam-pumps had been used in Britain for over seventy years before he began his work.The first steam-engine used in industry was invented by Thomas Savery (1650-1715). Called “The Miners’Friend or an engine to raise water by fire”, it was patented in 1698 and worked on simple principles. It pumped water from wells quite efficiently and was used successfully in Cornish copper-mines, but its limitations were revealed when it was tried in the Broadwater Collieries in Staffordshire in 1706 and was found to be capable of pumping water up no more than 100 feet. When greater pressure was used the boiler burst. Therefore, Savery’s engine was used to supply water in gentlemen’s houses or to work fountains—tasks it could perform effectively, though not quite safely as there was no pressure-gauge.It was Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), a Dartmouth blacksmith and ironmonger, who produced the first steam-pump to be used widely in industry. It was known as an “atmospheric engine” because, in contrast to Savery’s engine, the steam in the cylinder was not used to drive the pump but only to create a partialvacuum when condensed. Ordinary air pressure drove the piston into the cylinder and this raised the pump which was connected to the piston by a see-sawing cross-beam. A large piston meant that it was possible to gain more force withoutincreasing steam pressure and this made Newcomen’s engine much more powerful than Savery’s.The first engine was made about 1706 but it was a clumsy affair. The piston did not fit tightly into the cylinder and condensation，which was achieved by pouring cold water on the outside of the cylinder，was far from complete. Moreover，the tap controlling the passage of steam into the cylinder was worked by hand seven or eight times a minute. These difficulties were ironed out by 1720；water was now sprayed into the cylinder to improve condensation, the operation of the taps had been made automatic, and a safety-valve had been fitted to eliminate the danger of explosion.The improved engine soon became standard equipment in most large mines，and it was also used to pump water into canals and to supply drinking-water in towns. It is difficult to know exactly how many were in use by the second half of the 18th century but in 1767 fifty-seven were found around Newcastle，and there were eighteen in Cornish mines in 1780.Questions:61. Why could water power only be applied in a limited way in Britain?62. Who was the first person mentioned in the text trying to use steam power?63. Who invented the first steam engine used in industry?64. How was Newcomen’s engine different from that of Savery’s?65. What was installed to the first engine to prevent explosion?Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context; using the correct form of the given word; according to the given letters of a word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.There are many wedding traditions in the West. And some of them date back to several hundreds of years and most of their origins have their (66) r in ancient superstitious beliefs.“Something old, new, borrowed and blue” is a popular bridal attire (盛装) rhyme. It dates from the Victorian times. Something old refers (67) wearing something that represents a link with the bride’s family and her (68) (precede) life. Usually, the bride wears a piece of family jewelry or maybe her mother’s or grandmother’s wedding dress. Wearing something new (69) (symbol) good fortune and success in the bride’s new life.The bride’s wedding dress is usually chosen, or purchased new, (70) b it can be any other new item of the bride’s wedding attire. Weari ng something borrowed is meant to (71) b good luck to the marriage. It could be an item of bridal clothing,a handkerchief or an item of jewelry. Wearing something blue dates back to biblical times (72) the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.The custom of the wedding veil is thought to (73) pre the wedding dress by centuries. One explanation for it is that during the times of arranged marriage, the bride’s face was covered until the groom was committed (74) her at the ceremony—so it would be too late for him to run off if he did not like the look of her! It is also thought that rite veal was worn to (75) pr the bride from evil spirits that would be floating around on her wedding day. This is why the veal covers the brides’ face throughout the ceremony until the minister (76) p the couple man and wife.And traditionally a bride’s (77) (engage) ring and wedding ring are worn on the fourth finger of the left hand. (78) Th no precise evidence explains the origin of this tradition, one belief is strongly held to it. It (79) ori from the 17th century. During a wedding then, the priest arrived at the fourth finger (80) a touching the three fingers on the left hand “... in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost”.Part Ⅴ Translation (15 minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.(81) For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈 ) we couldn’t afford”. (82) With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. (83) It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.(84) There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. (85) Iregret my impatience to get on with my career; I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes.Section B (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86. 有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。
2011年天津市高等院校春季招生统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至9页，第Ⅱ卷10至11页。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共100分）注意事项：1. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上，并将本人考试用条形码贴在答题卡的贴条形码处。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答在试卷上的无效。
3. 考试结束，监考员将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
Ⅰ．语音辨别（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的画线部分与其他单词的画线部分的读音不同。
找出这个单词。
1. A.some B.both C.cold D.post2. A.home B.hard C.help D.hour3. A.bread B.meat C.leave D.team4. A.chair B.chemist C.check D.churcht5. A.try B.sky C.pity D.JulyⅡ．单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）从每小题的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
6.Let’s take a rest, ?A．can we B,shall we C.do we D.will we7.Are you willing to help people who are need ?英语第1页（共9页）A.forB.withC.inD.at8.Wntering the house, I found Jane at the desk and something.A.sit;writeB.sittting;weitingC.sat;wroteD.to sit;to write9.—May I speak to Mr.Green?—.A.May I take a message ?B.Who are you ?C.Speaking.D.Yes,you will.10.This is the school Istudied three years ago.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which11.To you the truth, I don’t really like her.A.sayB.talkC.speakD.tell12.—Shall we make it six o’clock ?—。
2011年天津市高考英语试题真题权威解析总体评价：2011年天津高考英语试卷相比2010年高考英语题目总体难度稳中有降。
体现在以下两个方面：1、试卷整体词汇难度适当。
相比2009。
2010年的试卷，2011年英语试卷词汇方面的考察范围更为“亲民”，避免了一些偏词怪词和生僻词汇的出现，与难词直接关联的题目也较前两年大为减少。
2、试卷整体安排基本符合高考主流，考生易于把握考试节奏。
只要是反复做过以前天津高考英语试卷的同学不难感觉到今年的题目中规中矩，特别是在主观题目的考察上非常符合天津卷以往的风格和考察习惯。
3、因此，2012年的准考生还是应该加强对基础知识和基础词汇的把握，这样才能保证自己在考试时候立于不败之地。
一、单项填空(1*10=15分)2010年的考试中出了7道语法题，2道情景交际，6道词汇。
2011年的考试中出了8道语法题，1道情景交际，6道词汇。
语法和词汇考察的都是传统考点。
非谓语动词，时态，从句，情态动词和虚拟语气近几年来一直占据着天津高考语法考察的前列，请2012年参加天津高考的同学要特别注意。
平时加强对真题的经常考点反复练习，一定可以在考试时候有的放矢。
也希望2012年的考生能够主次分明，对常考点加以练习。
对于一些常出现的短语加以区分。
1、IT充当形式宾语。
2、语境中短语的应用。
快点3、现在完成时被动语态的考察4、将来完成时的考察，从NEXT---FOR 确定语法。
5、让步状语的考察，从NEVER推断逻辑语义。
6、金融英语“开账户”的短语为OPEN AN ACCOUNT.7、非谓语动词的被动语态。
BE PERMITTED/ALLOWED TO DO STH被允许干某事。
8、语境中的短语考察。
“遇到”英语表达为COME ACROSS=HAPPEN TO MEET9、取而代之，转折连词。
10、时间状语从句的考察11、语境中的介词搭配。
ABOVE A VERAGE对应“好学生”。
12、过去分词表示被动。
PART 1 (5 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 10 incomplete sentences.For each sentence, please choose one from the four choices giventhat can best complete its meaning.
1. Engineers may help produce guided missiles, industrial robots,or ____a___ limbs for the physically handicapped. A. artificial B. artistic C. authentic D. articulate2. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ____c____ tocomputer or telecommunication systems for the challenge oreven the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A. password B. entry C. access D. approach3. Instead of probing for ________ of alien life on Mars’ harshsurface, some researchers have suggested looking inside theplanet, where there is mounting evidence of water ice near theequator and the potential for underground aquifers that couldsupport basic, microbial organism.A. signs B. trailsC. marks D. symptoms4. Unlike a lecture, a seminar is a place for experiment, fortesting out ideas, for challenging concepts ________ duringthe lecture, and a place to clarify any confusion ormisunderstanding a student may have been left with after thelecture.A. taught B. preachedC. transmitted D. delivered5. The truth is that there is no quick and easy way to lose weightand improve physical fitness; despite all the ____a____ madeby advertisers for such products, the truth is that the only wayto achieve a fitter, healthier and more attractive body isthrough diet and regular exercise.A. claims B. clamorsC. pronouncements D. advertisements6. Defining and strengthening identity is a central task ofadolescence and is the crucial building block that ____a____effective communication, stress management, and decisionmaking.A. permits B. preventsC. hinders D. hampers7. Most new technologies, with the exception of those associatedwith weaponry, have had hugely ____d____ effects for mostpeople extending our capabilities and indeed our lives to anextent that our ancestors could not have imagined.
A. formalB. urgent C. harmfulD.beneficial
8. Electronic files are replacing ____c____ filing cabinets, andintelligent facsimile and copying machines are appearingtogether with a variety of printers able to print anything fromletter-quality characters to four color diagrams.
A. subsequentB. substantialC. conventionalD. conservative9. It's true that humanity has seen a _____d___ of crises, warsand atrocities, but this negative side is offset by advances intechnology and cultural exchanges.
A. lineB. serialC. set D. succession10. Suddenly, we knew as much about the lives of our _____c___acquaintances as we did about the lives of our intimates—what they’d had for dinner, how they felt about Tiger Woodsand so on.
A. remoteB. closeC. distantD. friendly
PART 2 (5 points)Directions: In this part of the test, you have 5 paragraphs given inwrong order. Please re-organize these paragraphs so that they makea coherent text. The third sentence has already been correctly placedfor you.
__ __ D __ __ A. Perhaps we’ll learn to do what my mother did. She used to keep astore of paper bags in a kitchen drawer and use them again andagain in those days and the shopkeeper weighted out the amountyou wanted.B. Can you believe it? There’s a world paper shortage, there’s anational bottle shortage, and we’re running out of raw materials liketimber and tin—or so the papers say.C. All this packaging makes shopping cleaner and more convenient,but at what cost? Every time you throw away a paper bag you’rethrowing away part of a tree—and trees don’t grow overnight! At thisrate there soon won’t be any tress left, and then what shall we do?D. You can’t even buy a loaf of bread without getting a piece of paperround it—that’s if you can find a loaf that hasn’t already been slicedand then wrapped. Supermarkets are the worst offenders. Pieces ofmeat are put on small plastic trays and then wrapped in polythene,cartons of cream are put in extra-paper bags at the checkout point,fruit and vegetables are packed in plastic bags, cheese is soldwrapped in polythene and eggs come in special cardboard orplastic boxes.E. Well, I’ve just emptied my shopping basket after my weeklyshopping trip and it was full of things made from these scarcematerials. Half of what I’d bought I threw away at once: all thoseunnecessary paper bags, plastic bags, fresh wrapping paper andold newspapers they put the food in nowadays.
KEY:1-5 ACADA6-10 ADCDCB E D C A
