中医英语英译汉练习答案

KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’sexperience in their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress,prevention and treatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation oftheoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’sCanon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extantmonograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history ofChinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also mineralsand animal parts.11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenicfactors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and thatthese diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring aboutdiseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” andadvocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases. 16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress,diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease basedon syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made inancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for thedevelopment and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theoryof traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment basedon syndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutuallyinfluential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndromedifferentiation and treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer andto the interior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the smallintestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences humanbeings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other andinfluencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to theinterior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the humanbody.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the courseof a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is thebasic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state ofpathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects indiagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. Buttherapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity inpathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can betreated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference orsimilarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects ofinterrelated things or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result ofthe movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qipertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies theirprogress in mutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development ofthings be maintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicateschange.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it willlead to the end of life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing morethan relative predominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including bodyresistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it willinevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrenceand progress of a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang innature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable tohuman existence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine offive elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire isthe generator of earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart isweak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that thedisease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can bemanifested over the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormalrestriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, overrestriction and counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is thechild-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles andmethods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need offurther improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。

Unit oneA 22-year-old male: Last night the pain was colicky in nature, periumbilical, and rather sporadic. The patient had about five episodes of nausea and vomiting associated with this pain last night. He has been anorectic, has had no bowel movements for two days, and has had no episodes of diarrhea. The pain has since migrated to the right lower quadrant and is steady in nature. He has had a temperature of 100 since yesterday. His blood pressure is 110/82. There have been no episodes of coughing with expectoration, shortness of breath, or burning in the epigastrium. The pertinent physical findings are related to the abdomen. His chest is clear. The patient was lying still in bed, trying to avoid movement as much as possible. There is extreme tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and there was no tenderness on rectal examination. Bowel sounds are markedly decreased.Unit 2Outpatient Clinic Medical Records (9parts):Sample:Name: Wang PingSex: maleAge: 12Clinic Record Number: 0001Date: Mar.27th, 2001Chief complaint:aversion to cold, fever, body ache, a sore throat, a stuffy and running nose. All the symptoms have continued for two days since the day before yesterday.Case history: The boy said that he felt aversion to cold and had a fever due to the sudden coldness on Mar, 25th. Then he had an ache all over and a sore throat, he had a stuffy and running nose. His cough was persistent and nonproductive. He was in good health previously.Examinations and investigations:His temperature is 38.4o C. He has a hyperaemia pharynx [ ♒♋✋☐☜♊❒♓❍✋☜]充血[ ♐✌❒✋☠♦]咽. His lung's respiratory sound becomes louder, but has no dry rale. He has a red tongue with slight yellow coating. His pulse is floating and rapid.Syndrome differentiation and diagnosis:common cold due to wind hot evil attacking the lungsMethod of treatment:clearing away heat, scattering wind, dispersing lung qi and removing exterior evilRecipe:Sang Ju Decoction (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Granule (Beverage)Order: 1) Take the decoction once a day.2) Have a good rest.3) Avoid eating pungent food.UnitFour10. 中药疗效高，大都无毒性，无副作用，是治病强身的良药。

第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medic ine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experiencein their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, preventionand treatment of diseases.4.Y ellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation oftheoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Y ellow Emperor’sCanon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of V arious Diseases is the earliest extant monographon the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Y ang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history ofChinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals andanimal parts.11.In the Jin and Y uan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors andadvocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that thesediseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently defic ient”andadvocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosisand treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based onsyndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancientmedical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for thedevelopment and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory oftraditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based onsyndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutuallyinfluential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiationand treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to theinterior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencingeach other.10.Y ang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior atnight.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the humanbody.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of adisease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basicprinciple in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state ofpathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects indiagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeuticallythey care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity inpathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treatedby the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference orsimilarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第五课一．术语翻译1.doctrine of visceral manifestations2.five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.extraordinary fu-organs4.nutrients of water and food5.transmitting and transforming water and food6.storing essence7.internal and external relationship8.therapeutic effects9.clinical practice10.storage without discharge11.discharge without storage12.physical build and various orifices13.(of five zang-organs) open into14.spirit and emotions15.the heart storing spirit16.the lung storing corporeal soul17.the liver storing ethereal soul18.the spleen storing consciousness19.the kidney storing will20.the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathologicalchanges of viscera and their relations.2.The theory of visceral manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3.The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to transform and store essence.4.The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transformwater and food.5.Diseases of the zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature while diseases of the fu-organsare frequently of excess in nature.6.Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while defic iencyof fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the related zang-organs.mon cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose,running nose and cough.8.Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.9.The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.10.The five zang-organs, the body and all the orifices form an organic whole.11.The spleen open into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12.The physiological functions of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the state ofspirit and mind.13.The physiological functions of the five zang-organs play a leading role in the physiologicalfunctions of the whole body.14.The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orifices is keyto the relative stability of the internal environment of the body.15.The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orificesmaintains the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body.16.Disorder of spirit, emotions and mental activity affects the physiological functions of the fivezang-organs.17.The formation of the doctrine of visceral manifestation was, to a certain extent, based on theknowledge of anatomy in ancient times.18.The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally.19.The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestation has exceeded thescope of that in modern anatomy.20.The viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestations are not simply anatomic concepts, butthe concepts that are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole body.第六课一．术语翻译1.the heart governing blood and vessels2.sufficiency of heart qi3.rosy complexion4.sufficiency of blood5.unsmooth vessels6.lusterless complexion7.thin and weak pulse8.the heart storing spirit9.sweat and blood sharing the same origin10.ascending, descending, going out and going in11.dispersion, purification and descent12.regulating water passage13.the spleen governing transportation and transformation14.nutrients of water and food15.stoppage of water and fluid16.acquired base of life17.regulating qi activity18.upward adverse flow of liver qi19.innate essence20.the kidney receiving qi二．句子翻译1.The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.2.The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.3.Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normalcirculation of blood.4.Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5.The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6.Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough andpanting.7.Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm andretained fluid due to stagnation of water.8.The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9.Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorbnutrients from food.10.Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transportingand transforming the nutrients of water and food.11.The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.12.All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach.13.The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14.Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of bodyfluid.15.Insufficiency of blood or failure of the liver to store blood will cause scanty menstruation oreven amenorrhea.16.Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enablethe limbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17.The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.18.The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.19.If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.20.Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of thekidney to accomplish such a discharge.第七课一．术语翻译1.extraordinary fu-organs2.isolated fu-organ3.digest water and food4.anus5.remaining part of liver qi6.upper energizer7.separating the lucid from the turbid8.residue of foods9.The large intestine governs thin body fluid10.bile11.The small intestine governs thick body fluid12.primary digestion13.essential qi14.the seven important portals15.The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment16.discharge waste17.occurrence of menstruation18.epiglottis19.morphological hollowness20.transporting and transforming water and food二．句子翻译1.The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food2.The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.3.Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver.4.The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food.5.After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. Thenutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6.Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.7.The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients fromfood.8.The so-called “lucid”refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid”refers to the residue of food.9.If the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity ofdefecation and urination will be normal.10.The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstufftransmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus.11.The bladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney.12.The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.13.The upper energizer functions as a sprayer.14.The middle energizer functions as a fermentor.15.The lower energizer functions as a drainer.16.The extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionallysimilar to the zang-organs.17.The common function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food anddischarge waste.18.The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.19.The brain is the house of the primordial spirit.20.The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.。

中医英语课后答案5-6课李照国第五课一.术语翻译1. 藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2. 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3. 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs水谷精微nutrients of water and food传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food 贮藏精气storing essence表里关系internal and external relationship治疗效应therapeutic effects临床实践clinical practice藏而不泻storage without discharge泻而不藏discharge without storage形体诸窍physical build and various orifices开窍(of five zang-organs) open into精神情志spirit and emotions心藏神the heart storing spirit肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness肾藏志the kidney storing will其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二.句子翻译1. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。

The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。

2019英语四级翻译新题型模拟练习及答案：中医中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。

中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。

因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在越来越流行了。

中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。

传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。

这是说，_旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。

身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。

参考译文Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal peoplebetter than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way toheal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collectedvari¬ous ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the bodysystem of people. It is said that once the system of peopleis in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.。

第十课一．术语翻译1.theory of meridians and collaterals2.system of meridians and collaterals3.transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.being connected with the viscera and limbs5.running routes6.twelve regular meridians7.the regions through or along which the meridiansrun and the order by which the meridians are connected with each other8.(of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.branches of the twelve regular meridians 11.divergent collaterals12.skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.qi of meridians15.syndrome differentiation of meridians andcollaterals16.meridian conduction17.meridian manifestations18.blockage of meridians19.soothing meridians and activating collaterals20.collateral pricking and cupping therapy二．句子翻译1.Meridians are the pathways for qi to circulate in the whole body.2.The meridians, which are the major trunks in the system of meridians and collaterals, mainly run in the deepregions of the body. The collaterals, which are the branches of the meridians, run in the shallow regions of the body or just beneath the skin.3.The twelve regular meridians start from and end at certain points, run through or along certain regions, followcertain orders to connect with each other, distribute in the limbs with rules and are directly associated with the internal organs.4.The eight extraordinary vessels include the governor vessel, conception vessel, thoroughfare vessel, beltvessel, yin heel vessel, yang heel vessel, yin link vessel and yang link vessel.5.The twelve branches of meridians, which stem from the twelve regular meridians, start from the four limbs,run deep in the viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and finally mergeinto the meridians proper. The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externally related to the yin meridians.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories, i.e. divergent collaterals, superficial collaterals and minutecollaterals.8.The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called grandson-collaterals.9.According to the theory of meridians, tendons of meridians where qi of the meridians stays, accumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body through meridians.11.The Plain Conversation says, “Liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lowerabdomen…and lung disease is characterized by panting, cough, adverse flow of qi and pain in the shoulders and back.”12.Generally speaking, cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is accompanied by lung distension, chestoppression and pain in the superclavicular fossa; cough due to disorder of the kidney meridian is often accompanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hungry and frequent fear.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meridians and theirrelationships with the viscera.14.The main physiological function of the twelve meridians is to strengthen relationship between the twomeridians that are internally and externally related to each other.15.The skin of the whole body is the region over which the functional activities of the twelve meridians aremanifested.16.Since the three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with each otherover the head, the head is the place where all kinds of yang meets.17.Therapeutically, the acupoints located in the meridians that are internally and externally related to each othercan be used alternately.18.Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles.19.Under pathological condition, meridians become the pathways that transmit pathogenic factors and manifestpathological changes.20.Clinically the places where symptoms manifest and the regions through or along which the meridians run andassociate with the viscera are taken as the evidences for diagnosing diseases.Lesson 11ⅰ.1.six exogenous pathogenic factors2.improper diet and overstrainmon cold due to wind-cold4.diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea5.five endogenous pathogenic factors6.pathogenic wind attacking the exterior7.migratory arthralgia/joint pain8.wind being the leading pathogenic factor9.attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold10.decline of yang qi11.cold tending to stagnate by nature 12.stagnation of interstitial space13.spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons14.pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen15.inactivation of spleen-yang16.production of endogenous heat due to yindeficiency17.extreme heat producing wind18.internal impairment due to yin deficiency19.improper diet20.engorgementⅱ.1. Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire.3. Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin, hair and muscles, producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. The exogenous diseases caused by pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and leads to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”.6. Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, dysphoria, flushed cheeks and full pulse.8. Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.9. Exogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.11. Attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends to consume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.12. Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.13. Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.14. Pestilence is a kind of highly contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.15. The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases.16. Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.17. Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution.18. Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.19. The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis.20. Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsens in the night. Lesson 12ⅰ.1.occurrence, development, and changes ofdisease2.(body )constitutional state3.dysfunction of qi and blood4.various pathological changes5.exuberance or decline of pathogenic factorsand healthy qi/ strength contrast between pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.deficiency or excess changes of disease/transformation between deficiency andexcess during a disease7.the human body’ resistance against diseases8.feverish sensation over the five centers(palms, soles, and chest)9.deficiency complicated with excess 10.turnover of disease/prognosis of disease11.relative predominance of yin or yang12.extreme changes of five emotions13.depletion of essence causing deficiency14.mutual consumption of yin and yang15.true heat and false cold; false cold and trueheat16.stagnation of qi activity17.disorder of fluid metabolism18.endogenous cold/ cold originating from theinterior19.fluid consumption producing dryness20.stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance ofendogenous windⅱ.1.The course of many diseases is a process of combat between pathogenic factors and healthy qi as well asthe ebb and flow of their strengths.2.Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.3.Healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, leading to improvement of or recovery from an illness.4.Yang deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient or hypofunctional yang qi failing to warm thebody.5.Yin deficiency refers to the morbid state of depleted essence, blood and fluid leading to relativehyperactivity of yang.6.Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi.7.The disorders of qi include insufficient production of qi, excessive depletion of qi, hypofunction of qiand abnormal movements of qi.8.The topical stagnation of qi may lead to such symptoms as distension, pain, or even blood stasis andretention of water, fluid, or phlegm9.Qi adverseness refers to the morbid state of abnormal ascending and descending of qi and adverse,upward flow of visceral qi.10.Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.11.Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood.12.Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow.13.Blood stasis due to qi stagnation means that the unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of bloodcirculation.14.Impairment of thin-fluid often develops to depletion of thick-fluid, and depletion of thick-fluid is a resultof insufficient thin-fluid.15.Qi stagnation due to fluid retention refers to the morbid state of disturbance of fluid metabolism andretention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid lead to stagnation of qi.16.Stirring of endogenous wind refers to a morbid state due to hyperactivity of yang qi within the body.17.Endogenous dampness is mostly caused by deficiency of the spleen, so it is also called “dampness due tospleen deficienc y”.18.Endogenous dryness can be manifested in any organs or tissues, especially the lung, stomach and largeintestine.19.The prolonged deficiency of yin-fluid of the lung often involves the kidney and results in simultaneousdeficiency of the lung-yin and kidney-yin.20.The obstruction of the urinary bladder is called “uroschesis”and the incontinence of urine is called“enuresis”.Lesson 13ⅰ.1.spirit, complexion, and physical conditions2.mental activities3.sufficient essence and abundant qi4.apathetic facial expressions5.normal complexion and varied normalcomplexion6.convulsion of the limbs7.stirring of wind due to damp-heat8.interior sinking of pathogenic toxin9.scaly skin/ squamous and dry skin10.hunger without appetite bined use of the four diagnostic methods12.facial expressions13.favorable prognosis14.dispiritedness15.five colors indicating diseases / diagnosticsignificance of five colors16.facial distortion17.flaming of deficient fire18.retention of heat in the large intestine19.uncoated tongue/ mirror-like tongue20.pulse manifestationsⅱ.1.Inspection is a diagnostic method of observing general or local changes of spirit, complexion and physicalconditions.2.The listening-smelling method refers to an approach to diagnosis by listening to the voices of the patients andsmelling the odors emitted from the patients.3.Inquiry is a diagnostic method used to understand the occurrence, development, present subjective symptomsand other things concerning the diseases by asking the patients or their companions.4.Pulse-taking and palpitation refer to the diagnostic method of feeling the pulse and palpating the stomach andabdomen, foot and hand as well as other regions of the patients.5.Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in variousaspects.6.The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.7.“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi, and full vitality.8.“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi, and dispiritedness.9.“False spirit” is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease.10.Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.11.Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion.12.Inspection of physical conditions can provide information about the state of visceral qi and blood, strengthcontrast between yin and yang or pathogenic factors and healthy qi, as well as prognosis and location of the diseases.13.V omiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi.14.Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.15.Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.16.Yellow tongue coating is caused by fumigation of pathogenic heat and usually indicates interior syndrome andheat syndrome.17.Greasy tongue coating, usually caused by interior accumulation of damp-turbidity and stagnation of yang qi,mainly indicates retention of phlegm-fluid, damp-turbidity, food, damp-heat and obstinate phlegm, etc.18.Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpation.19.The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease is known as morbid pulse.20.Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.Lesson 15ⅰ.1.辨证论治treatment with syndromedifferentiation/ treatment according to syndrome differentiation2.表里同病disease involving both exterior andinterior/ simultaneous disorder of exterior and interior3.寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold andheat/ mixture of cold and heat4.里邪出表regression of interior pathogenicfactors to the exterior5.真寒假热true cold and false heat6.恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat7.口淡不渴tasteless sensation in the mouthwithout thirst8.寒邪郁而化热transformation of stagnatedpathogenic cold into heat9.外感表虚exterior-deficiency syndrome due toexogenous pathogens10.五心烦热feverish sensation over five centers11.病位与病性location and nature of disease12.虚实夹杂mixture of deficiency andexcess/co-existence of deficiency and excess 13.外邪入里invasion of exterior pathogenic factorsinto the interior14.寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heatsyndrome15.真假寒热true heat and false cold16.热证转寒heat syndrome transforming into coldsyndrome17.舌淡苔白而润滑pale tongue with white, moistand slippery fur18.脉数无力rapid and weak pulse19.潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating20.神昏谵语coma with deliriumⅱ.1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲加以归纳。

医学英语翻译试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of which organ?A. HeartB. LiverC. KidneyD. Lung2. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes?A. Frequent urinationB. Excessive thirstC. Rapid weight lossD. Fever3. The medical abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal4. What does the abbreviation "MRI" stand for in medical terms?A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Maximum Respiratory IndexC. Multiple Respiratory InfectionsD. Medical Research Institute5. The term "anemia" is associated with a deficiency of whichsubstance in the blood?A. PlateletsB. Red blood cellsC. White blood cellsD. Plasma6. Which of the following is a common treatment for hypertension?A. AntibioticsB. AntihypertensivesC. AntiviralsD. Antihistamines7. The medical term "hyperglycemia" refers to:A. High blood sugarB. High blood pressureC. High cholesterolD. High blood calcium8. What is the medical term for the removal of the appendix?A. AppendectomyB. ColectomyC. HysterectomyD. Nephrectomy9. The abbreviation "AED" in medical settings stands for:A. Automated External DefibrillatorB. Advanced Emergency DoctorC. Acute Epileptic DisorderD. Acute Endocrine Dysfunction10. Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the blood?A. MelanomaB. LeukemiaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：1. A2. D3. A4. A5. B6. B7. A8. A9. A 10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is __________.2. The condition where the body cannot properly regulate body temperature is known as __________.3. A person with a medical condition that causes them to have an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood is said to have __________.4. The abbreviation "CT" in medical imaging stands for__________.5. The medical term for a condition characterized bydifficulty in breathing is __________.6. The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as __________.7. A common diagnostic tool used to visualize blood vesselsis __________.8. The medical term for the surgical removal of the prostate gland is __________.9. A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of air or gas in the tissues is called __________.10. The medical term for the surgical removal of the uterus is __________.答案：1. Cholecystectomy2. Dysregulation3. Hyperlipidemia4. Computed Tomography5. Dyspnea6. Neurology7. Angiography8. Prostatectomy9. Emphysema10. Hysterectomy三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）1. 将下列医学术语从英文翻译成中文：- Hypertension: 高血压- Diabetes mellitus: 糖尿病- Asthma: 哮喘- Osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症2. 将下列医学术语从中文翻译成英文：- 冠心病: Coronary heart disease- 脑卒中: Stroke- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- 甲状腺功能亢进: Hyperthyroidism3. 翻译以下医学句子：- The patient is scheduled for a cardiac catheterizationnext week.病人下周安排进行心脏导管检查。

[中医英语课后答案7-8课李照国]中医英语基础教程中医英语课后答案7-8课李照国中医英语课后答案7-8课李照国第七课一.术语翻译 1. extraordinary fu-organs 2. isolated fu-organ 3. digest water and food 4. anus 5. remaining part of liver qi 6. upper energizer 7. separating the lucid from the turbid 8. residue of foods 9. The large intestine governs thin body fluid 10. bile 11. The small intestine governs thick body fluid 12. primary digestion 13. essential qi 14. the seven important portals 15. The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment 16. discharge waste 17. occurrence of menstruation 18. epiglottis 19. morphological hollowness 20. transporting and transforming water and food 二.句子翻译1. The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food 2. The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile. 3. Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver. 4. The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food. 5. After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. The nutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6. Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.7. The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients from food.8. The so-called “lucid” refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid” refers to the residue of food.9. If the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity of defecation and urination will be normal. 10. The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstufftransmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus. 11. The bladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney. 12. The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other. 13. The upper energizer functions as a sprayer. 14. The middle energizer functions as a fermentor. 15. The lower energizer functions as a drainer. 16. The extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionally similar to the zang-organs. 17. The common function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food and discharge waste.18. The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain. 19. The brain is the house of the primordial spirit. 20.The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived. 第八课一.术语翻译1. innateness 2. nutrients;refined substance 3. blood circulation 4. water metabolism 5. way of qi movement 6. ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements of qi 7. normal function of qi activity 8. primary motive force of life 9. warming and nourishing the viscera 10. qi of the viscera and meridians 11. qi activity 12. qi transformation 13. innate qi 14. acquired qi 15. healthy qi 16. pathogenic factors 17. primordial qi 18. thoracic qi 19. nutritive qi 20. defensive qi 二.句子翻译1. Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body. 2. Qi in the body is derived from innate qi that is transformed from the kidney essence inheriting from the parents, and acquired qi from both food nutrients that are transformed by the spleen and stomach and fresh air that is inhaled by the lung. 3. The innate essence depends the essential qi stored in the kidney to takes effect. 4. The nutrients from water and food are transformed and absorbed through the function of thespleen and stomach in transportation and transformation. 5. Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity. 6. Body temperature is maintained with the warming function of Qi. 7. In terms of its defensive function, qi mainly protects the whole bodyand prevents exogenous pathogenic factors from invading the body. 8. Qi prevents blood and body fluid from losing. 9. Failure of qi to control blood may lead to various kinds of bleeding. 10. Qi transformation refers to changes caused by qi movement. 11. Qi flows all through the body to promote and stimulate various physiological functions of the body. 12. The organs and tissues like viscera and meridians are all the places where qi ascends and descends as well as exits from and enters into the body. 13. If qi stops ascending, descending, exiting and entering, it will lead to an end of life activities. 14. The primordial qi is the most essential and important qi and is the primary motive force of life. 15. Innate weakness or improper care after birth or prolonged illness will lead to deficiency and decline of the primordial qi, and consequently causing various diseases. 16. The thoracic qi is accumulated in the chest and functions to invigorate the heart and regulate heart rate and the rhythm of heartbeat. 17. The nutritive qi comes from the nutrients transformed from water and food by the spleen and stomach. 18. The nutritive qi is distributed in the blood vessels and flows to the whole body as part of the blood. 19. The defensive qi flows outside the blood vessels with strong force and high speed. 20. The nutritive qi pertains to yin because it maintains inside the body while the defensive qi pertains to yang because it governs the surface of the body.。