1.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利
的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这
种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是
出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力
敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，
许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选
人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的
人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中
却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那
些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只
是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举
地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信
服。
B.
If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a
winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be
able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people
for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him
to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have
stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good
image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others.
No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own
self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and
in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all
choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive,
winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must
begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by
nothing but a sand foundation.
Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to
be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it
contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to
anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts
about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired
results can be achieved.
2. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西
如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。
只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？
B.
Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions.
The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.” It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment.
If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight” that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It involves a high degree pf physiological arousal but not intimacy or commitment. It’s the 10th-grader who falls madly in love with the beautiful girl in his biology class but never gets up the courage to talk to her or get to know her.
Empty love is commitment without intimacy or passion, the kind of love sometimes seen in a 30-year-old marriage that has become stagnant. The couple used to be intimated, but they don’t talk to each other any more. They used to be passionate, but that’s died out. All that remains is the commitment to stay with the other person. In societies in which marriage are arranged, Sternberg points out, empty love may precede the other kind of love.
3.我认为家家都有败类。二十年来汤姆对于他的家庭是一种痛苦的考验。他的人生起步足够
体面：做生意、已婚而且有两个孩子。瑞姆塞斯一家是完全值得尊重的人，完全有理由相信
汤姆会拥有实惠而光荣的事业。但是有一天，事先没有任何征兆，他突然宣称自己不喜欢工
作，而且也不适合结婚。他要享受生活。他不听任何人的忠告。他离开了妻子，离开了办公
室。他有点钱，在欧洲各个国家的首都度过了快乐的两年。关于他的种种行为的传言传到了
亲戚的耳朵里，他们都深感震惊。毫无疑问，他生活的很好。亲戚们摇头说看他的钞票花完
了怎么办。他们很快知道了。他富有魅力，而且厚颜无耻。我从未遇到过象他那样难以拒绝
借钱请求的人。他从朋友那里获得稳定的收入，而且他特别容易交上朋友。他经常说把钱花
在生活必需品上很没意思；有趣的花钱方式是用它来享受奢华。为此他依赖哥哥乔治。他的
魅力在乔治身上没白费。乔治是一个严肃的人，他两次都轻信了汤姆要改过自新的诺言，给
了他一笔数目可观的钞票让他重新开始。乔治是个令人敬重的人。有一次汤姆借了一辆汽车
和一些漂亮的首饰。可是当周围的事实迫使乔治明白他的弟弟永远都不可能安顿下来时，他
想抽手不管了。汤姆，没有感到一点良心的不安，开始敲诈他。发现自己的弟弟在自己钟爱
的餐馆的柜台后面摇晃着鸡尾酒或者看见他在俱乐部外面坐在出租车的驾驶员仓里等候客
人，对于一位令人尊重的律师而言不太光彩。汤姆说做餐馆服务员或出租车司机完全是体面
的职业，但是如果乔治愿意支付他几百英镑的话，他不会介意为了家族的荣誉放弃这种职业。
乔治支付了。
