1.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利
的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这
种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是
出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力
敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，
许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选
人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的
人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中
却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那
些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只
是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举
地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信
服。
B.
If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a
winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be
able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people
for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him
to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have
stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good
image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others.
No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own
self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and
in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all
choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive,
winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must
begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by
nothing but a sand foundation.
Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to
be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it
contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to
anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts
about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired
results can be achieved.
2. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西
如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。
只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？
B.
Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions.
The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.” It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment.
If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight” that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It involves a high degree pf physiological arousal but not intimacy or commitment. It’s the 10th-grader who falls madly in love with the beautiful girl in his biology class but never gets up the courage to talk to her or get to know her.
Empty love is commitment without intimacy or passion, the kind of love sometimes seen in a 30-year-old marriage that has become stagnant. The couple used to be intimated, but they don’t talk to each other any more. They used to be passionate, but that’s died out. All that remains is the commitment to stay with the other person. In societies in which marriage are arranged, Sternberg points out, empty love may precede the other kind of love.
3.我认为家家都有败类。二十年来汤姆对于他的家庭是一种痛苦的考验。他的人生起步足够
体面：做生意、已婚而且有两个孩子。瑞姆塞斯一家是完全值得尊重的人，完全有理由相信
汤姆会拥有实惠而光荣的事业。但是有一天，事先没有任何征兆，他突然宣称自己不喜欢工
作，而且也不适合结婚。他要享受生活。他不听任何人的忠告。他离开了妻子，离开了办公
室。他有点钱，在欧洲各个国家的首都度过了快乐的两年。关于他的种种行为的传言传到了
亲戚的耳朵里，他们都深感震惊。毫无疑问，他生活的很好。亲戚们摇头说看他的钞票花完
了怎么办。他们很快知道了。他富有魅力，而且厚颜无耻。我从未遇到过象他那样难以拒绝
借钱请求的人。他从朋友那里获得稳定的收入，而且他特别容易交上朋友。他经常说把钱花
在生活必需品上很没意思；有趣的花钱方式是用它来享受奢华。为此他依赖哥哥乔治。他的
魅力在乔治身上没白费。乔治是一个严肃的人，他两次都轻信了汤姆要改过自新的诺言，给
了他一笔数目可观的钞票让他重新开始。乔治是个令人敬重的人。有一次汤姆借了一辆汽车
和一些漂亮的首饰。可是当周围的事实迫使乔治明白他的弟弟永远都不可能安顿下来时，他
想抽手不管了。汤姆，没有感到一点良心的不安，开始敲诈他。发现自己的弟弟在自己钟爱
的餐馆的柜台后面摇晃着鸡尾酒或者看见他在俱乐部外面坐在出租车的驾驶员仓里等候客
人，对于一位令人尊重的律师而言不太光彩。汤姆说做餐馆服务员或出租车司机完全是体面
的职业，但是如果乔治愿意支付他几百英镑的话，他不会介意为了家族的荣誉放弃这种职业。
乔治支付了。
B.
The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and despise the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting.I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.
I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he has amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He has an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land.
4.A．
电子邮件还会消除办公室里的等级关系。Shreve发现，通过电邮向你的上司和同事提建议，要比在充满压力的会议室提容易得多。“不管什么时候，你有什么事情不便说出来，通过电邮就要好办得多，”她说，“它能起到缓冲作用。”
当然，把电邮当作社会润滑剂，也有走极端的一面。不容否认电邮由于缺乏自我控制而带来明显的负面影响。传播色情信息的人很少会给我们打电话，大声建议我们去访问一些“少年色情行为”，但是，他们会毫不犹豫地将各种淫秽广告塞满我们的邮箱。从来不会面对面侮辱我们的人，会通过电邮或短信，或者在毫无约束的聊天室里，竭尽想象之能事，以最可怕的、最恶毒的、最邪恶的话语来谩骂我们。
B．
People usually receive a variety of will-wishing short messages on such holidays as the Spring Festival, the Lantern’s Day or even the Valentine’s Day. Most of them are from the forwarded ready-made messages, written by those excellent amateurs. Though not very professional, some of them are still very interesting to read, so sometimes I feel stimulated and forward them to friends and relatives for fun.
Such forwarding action invites a lot of criticism because the message is not targeted at the individual, without showing any respect for that person. However, a careful consideration will make it clear that sending greetings via short messages on the Spring Festival, distinct from the traditional social etiquette at the outset, is a new rising communicative form and we cannot evaluate it by the conventional ethical standards because it adapts itself to the modern quick-rhymed life. If we really adhere to the tradition, we are expected to pay a personal visit by taking bags of gifts to show our sincerity. So instead of doing this, why not select the short messages to convey our greetings? With a click of button, a few lines of words have changed the greeting way from the form to the content. How can we put strict restrictions on it by conventional standards?
5.A.
在处理我们生活中难以应付的局面时，幽默是一种非常有效的手段，却常常被人们忽视。它可以用来解决分歧、表示道歉、说“不”、进行批评、让别人根据你的要求做事又不丢面子。
对于某些工作来说，幽默是唯一能获胜的工具。它是讨论敏感话题的一种办法。在讨论太敏感的话题时一本正经地对话，可能会引起激烈冲突。例如，许多人都认为电视喜剧演员，如今为了种族间和宗教间的相互包容所起的作用，比其他任何论坛的人都更大。
幽默通常是防止小误会升级到大问题的最佳方法。最近，我的一位邻居在妻子开车送他去机场的路上，与她发生了一点口角。上了飞机后，他感到很痛苦，知道妻子也很难过。当他妻子两小时后回到家时，接到了一个长途电话。“受话人’Mrs. I. A. Pologize(夫人，我道歉)’，”接线员拖长声音说道，“名字的拼写为P …。”一眨眼功夫，电话线两端的人的整个一天由阴转晴。
B.
A sense of humor is universally considered the most valuable asset in a person’s personality. It is born within every person's heart, but it has to be cultivated. A person without a sense of humor is just like a spring without flowers or a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor.
Humor can enhance physical as well as mental well being. It helps us relieve pressure, reduce tension, helps us overcome our frustrations, relax our muscles, and dissolve countless trifles and irritations offered by day to day life. With the cracking of a joke, all of our worries, sadness and fatigue disappear like mist and we are full of vigor once again. Besides, humor helps us live in harmony with others. With it you can always stay on good terms with others.
One way to cultivate a sense of humor is to have a wide range of knowledge about many topics so that the slightest differences in meaning of a joke can be fully understood; otherwise we would be simply at a loss in such a situation. Another crucial point in developing a sense of humor is to have a rich imagination. Nothing can be worse than the lack of imagination to kill an otherwise funny joke.
A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves. The things we find humorous may vary, but to have a sense of humor is very important and should be cultivated to get the most out of life.
6.A．
当这比较复杂的信息受到一些媒体的关注时，我们不断读到一些报道，强调富人可能有一天能够造出他们自己的复制本，或者一个奄奄一息的婴儿的夫妇可能会创造出一个跟这小孩一模一样的人来。大众媒体似乎是被纽约大学社会学家多萝西·内尔金所说的“DNA即命运”弄得束手无策。
另外，克隆事件还表明这样一种方式：大众传媒培育了科技决定论的态度，暗示科学“进步”永远不会停止。当然，许多科学家具有同样的看法，而且，他们经常拒绝接受他们参与的科研可能会给人类带来苦难的道德责任。不过，科学家不应该仅仅只顾辛勤科研，而把道德论证留给别人。他们应该参与公众辩论，讨论某些科研项目是否有害，是不是就应该禁止它们继续做下去，因为它们蕴涵了一些丧失人性、不合理的因素。一个很好的例子就是许多核物理学家对核武器的研究进行了直言不讳的批评。而且这些核物理学家成功地限制了旨在制造出更加有效的核设备的研究。
B．
Science remains to be a two-edged sword ever since. But to judge whether a certain scientific progress is beneficial to the human beings or not will mainly depend on how the human beings treat it and get it applied properly. We should not stop our efforts simply because it seems temporarily unreasonable. Actually, cloning technique, like atomic energy, can be both a blessing as well as a curse. But the nature of “fear for technology”lies in the fear of misusing the technology instead of fear for technology itself.
At present, the attitudes towards cloning humans in the countries of the world tend to be very “ambiguous”. For example, in Britain, a proposed law of allowing scientists to clone the early embryo of humans was voted through last year by the majority of two thirds while in America, Germany and Australia, more voices are heard to require loosening the restrictions of therapeutic cloning. We can definitely say that whichever country that masters the technique of cloning human beings first will win the advantages and initiative while the countries which lag behind will suffer from the unpredictable losses. America’s mastery of the technique of atomic energy is a good case in point. Despite the fact that such technique presents its harmful influence at the outset, yet the other countries still have to follow it by quickening their researches and experiments in this aspect. Simply taken from this angle, it is worth thinking about simply taking negative attitudes towards the experiments of cloning humans.
7.A.
令人烦恼的二十来岁使我们面对这样的问题：如何在成人世界里立足？由于体力充沛、精神焕发，由于人已长大不再受家庭的管束，不再处于过渡时期无定形的生活状态，我们迫不及待地想找到完全正确的人生模式—即在这个世界上我们自己的生活方式。或者说，在寻找这一模式时，我们想尝试某种临时的生活方式。因为此时，我们不仅竭力想要证明自己能在更大范围的社会里应对自如，而且强烈意识到自己正处在尝试之中。
读研究生，对于负担得起费用的人来说，是一种既保险又常见的方式。读学位是年轻人早已知道如何去做的事情。这就延缓了我们不得不到更大而又恃强欺弱的竞技场去证实自我的时间。二次世界大战之前，美国人中享有这种特权者寥寥无几；他们必须在尚未成熟的年龄16岁、18岁或20岁时，就要开始人生的起步。不论是否作好了准备，必须有所行动。但在今天，一个人通常在25岁或更大年龄之后，别人才期望他或他期望自己去确定人生的道路。考虑到允许年轻人尝试、有可能延长求学时间及允许休学，那么一个人在年近30岁时，才确定自己的生活道路，也就不令人感到奇怪了。
B.
The tasks of the ages between 18 to 22 are to locate ourselves in a peer group role, a sex role, an anticipated occupation, an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.
Even as one part of us seeks to be an individual, another part longs to restore the safety and comfort of merging with another. Thus one of the most popular myths of this passage is: we can push ourselves forward by attaching to a stronger one. But people who marry during this time often prolong financial and emotional ties to the family and relatives that impede them from becoming self-sufficient.
A stormy passage through these years will probably facilitate the normal progression of the adult life circle. If one doesn’t have an identity c risis at this point, it will erupt during a later transition, when the penalties may be harder to bear.
8.A.
工作对于男人来说，生死攸关。通常说来，他踏入社会的最初几年具有决定意义。任何男人到了25岁如果在人生道路上尚未取得显赫的成就，那无论怎么说，都可被视为无药可救了。在这个阶段，他的各种能力都正在发展，他与竞争对手的争斗是一种殊死搏斗。在工作友情的面具下，他密切注视着任何一位同事身上显示出的任何优势，一有优势出现，他就会焦虑不安。如果他关注的这个同事显示出软弱或优柔寡断的迹象，他会立刻加以利用。然而，人仅仅是一台巨大工作机器上的一个小零件，实际上他自己处处受剥削。当他驱使别人时，他首先在驱使自己。他的命令实际上来自上司，由他传达罢了。如果上司偶尔花点时间夸奖他，并非是为了让他高兴，只不过是鞭策他而已，激发他更加卖力。对于从小养成自傲并要人尊敬的男人来说，每一个工作日都不过是一系列无止尽的蒙受耻辱。他明知产品无用却要表现出热情，明知笑话无聊却要放声大笑，他还要讲述并不属于自己的观点。他必须时刻牢记：稍有疏忽就意味着降职，稍有口误就会丢了饭碗。
然而女人正是这些争斗的根本原因，并且争斗就在她们眼皮底下进行，而她们却站在一旁，冷眼相看。对于她们来说，上班意味着调情、约会、挑逗和嬉闹，干点零星的“活儿”也不过是做做样子—工作通常无需她们负责。她知道自己不过是在混日子，即便出于这样或那样的原因她必须继续工作，至少她已经做过了多年的美梦。她站在一个安全的地方观望男人们争斗，偶尔为其中一位斗士鼓掌喝彩，或是鼓励他或是奚落他。在她为男人们冲咖啡、拆邮件或者听他们打电话的时候，她在不露声色地挑选自己的意中人。一旦发现了“如意郎君”，她就欣然引退，将战场留给后来者。
B.
The first requirement for the acquisition of power by the Positive Woman is to understand the differences between men and women. Your outlook on life, your faith, your behavior, your potential for fulfillment, all are determined by the factors of your original premise. The Positive Woman starts with the assumption that she is capable of doing whatever she wants to (the world is her oyster). She rejoices in the creative capability with her body and the power potential of her mind. She understands that men and women are different, and that those very differences provide the key to her success as a person and fulfillment as a woman.
The women’s liberationist, on the other hand, is imprisoned by her own negative view of herself and of her place in the world around her. This view of women was most succinctly expressed in an advertisement designed by the principal women’s liberationist organization, the National Organization for Women (NOW), and run in many magazines and newspapers and as spot announcements on many television stations. The advertisement showed a darling curlyheaded girl with the caption: “This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female.”
考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法（7月 版） 在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时，我们发现，很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来，一直有考生提问诸如“老师，这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来？”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的，英语中怎么没有对应语句？”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时，添加了否定词？”等等的问题。在很多时候，我们只能很笼统的告诉考生：基于英汉文化的差异，在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候，英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要，去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。 为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉，我们选用一些真题中的句子，来做先关探讨。在此之前，我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。 翻译标准 在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，并且文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强，我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子
是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思，那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此，翻译不能违背原文本身，这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段：①找核心句；②译核心句；③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，考生首先要找出句子的主干，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分等。考试中，考生应该先通读全文，从大处着手，通篇把握文意，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，理分支，并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1．直译和意译 直译，既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译；意译，不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中，我们应遵循的方法是：尽量采用直译，不能直译才采用意译，必要时直译与意译相结合。 （1）能直译就直译
0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
Unit 1 1.他相当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2.一架波音747飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3.学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。 Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4.当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time , hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5.每天夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6.他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于哪里的新奇事物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已经成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。 The have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. Unit 2 1.有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2.不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但他却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3.只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities. 4.穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access. 5.因为有了因特网，在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等减少了，但是贫穷
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文： People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce
考研英语自我介绍及各专业所对应英语翻译自我介绍(self-introduce) (1开场白)Good morning, my dear my dear professors. I feel so glad to meet all of you here.( 2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院) My name is ****, I am *** years old. I major in***** in the institute of****in china university of petroleum in Qingdao , My undergraduate period will be accomplished in July this year; and now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to your university. (3．性格，爱好，实践经验)Generally speaking , I am a hard working student. I had an outstanding performance during my college life, and had won the scholarship for two times. When I decided to take part in The first National Petroleum Engineering Design Competition organized by your university, our group overcame several difficulties, we searched for information on the internet or in the library, used special software s such as petrel and Eclipse to create model and make analysis, we tried our best and had learned a lot in the process, and our hard work paid off , we won the Excellence Award . What’s more, i am a person with great perseverance. I will try my best to finish a thing no matter how difficult it is. i once used C programming language to write a application programs about “how to query personal information quickly ” in a competition .when i was sophomore(['s?f?m?:]), i found public elective course ****very interesting, so i persisted in studying it throughout the second semester while most of my schoolmates chose to give up. My**** name **** ,which means ****t, was given by my teacher. In my spare time, I like reading books, especially history books, I also like playing tennis and ping pang, I also like English very much, I am fond of watching English films, I do believe learning a foreigner language is a way to communicate with aliens, and maybe a tool to change one’s life. There is still a
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding ―yes!‖ 1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12. ―Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,‖ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging ―is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.‖ Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called ―the bonding hormone‖18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.
与其他不少考研热门专业一样，英语专业研究生招生的研究方向设置非常细，不同学校的方向设置类别不一，名称也各异。 比如上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有语言方向、文学方向、教学法方向、翻译学方向、口译学方向、英语国家文化方向、跨文化交际方向7个方向。而同样是外语类专业院校，北京外国语大学该专业设置的研究方向明显不同，广东外语外贸大学该专业设置的8个研究方向更与前两所学校无一相同。 在这种情况下，不少备考英语专业的同学对“如何选择研究方向”这样的问题一头雾水，也就不足为怪了。 就英语专业考研而言，外国语言文学下设置的二级学科很多，包括英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学、亚非语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学11个学科。其中，涉及英语专业的二级学科主要有3个：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学。 一般院校的英语专业多设置英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学两个专业，所以，英语专业考研的专业设置其实比较简单，一般就是两大专业。不过，这两个专业被不同学校细化研究方向以后，就变得复杂了。如前面说到的上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有7个方向，这7个方向进一步细分，小的研究方向达37个之多。 英语专业的研究方向虽名目众多，却也并非杂乱无章，其设置仍是遵循一定规律的。粗略分析，这些研究方向可分为传统研究方向和新兴研究方向两大类。 传统研究方向 传统研究方向，顾名思义，指的是设置多年的老牌研究方向，这些研究方向一般学校都有开设。 1. 文学方向 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有17所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设文学方向。 研究内容：主要研究英美文学研究领域中的重大问题，目的在于提高文学素养、理论水平和研究能力。 就业方向：此方向开设学校多，招生人数较多，就业范围非常广泛，一般为教师、研究人员。所学课程：西方文论、美国经典文学、美国现当代文学、英国经典文学、文学批评、英国文学选读、美国文学选读、17～19世纪英国文学研究、希腊戏剧研究、英国长篇小说选读、美国长篇小说选读、英国诗歌选读、美国诗歌选读、英美散文鉴赏、王尔德戏剧欣赏、英国短篇小说欣赏、美国短篇小说鉴赏、英美戏剧鉴赏、中国文学史、中国古典文学选读等。 2. 语言学 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有9所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设语言学方向。 研究内容：语言学是我国高校近年来普遍设置的一个综合性的语言研究学科。主要学习语言学理论及语言在各种学科中的应用，不同学校侧重点有所不同。 通过大量阅读有关文献、论文和最新的研究成果报告，使学生对于语言学的形成和发展有进一步的了解，并了解现代语言学的最新动向和最新发展。语言学特别强调和重视研究生的广泛阅读，包括专业的外语期刊和近几年的语言学相关论文。 就业方向：该专业理论性较强，主要面向大中专教师及研究人员。 所学课程：语言学概论、语用学与话语分析、应用语言学、现代语法学、语义学、语用学、英语语体学与文体学、语篇分析等。 3. 英美文化研究 开设学校：南京大学、上海外国语大学、天津师范大学等。
专业英语翻译 P1~5 1.1汽车构造 汽车发动机基本原理汽车包括五个基本组成部分，它们是： 1.发动机：是汽车的动力源，包括燃油系统、润滑系统、冷却系统和电器部分。 2.车架：是支撑发动机、车轮、转向和制动系统以及车身。 3.动力传动系：它将动力由发动机（经离合器、变速箱、驱动轴、差速器和后轴）传至车轮。 4.车身 5.车身附件；包括散热器、照明设备、风挡、刮雨器等等。 发动机是使汽车移动的动力源。因为汽油是在发动机气缸或燃烧室部燃烧，这种发动机通常称为燃机。这是相对于燃料在发动机外部燃烧的外燃机来说的（如蒸汽机）。在发动机气缸的燃烧产生动力。由动力传动系统将动力由发动机传至车轮，车轮转动使用车辆行驶。 燃油系统在动力产生过程中起举足轻重的作用。因为它向发动气缸中供给燃油。在发动机的每个气缸中．汽油蒸汽和空气的混合汽体进入气缸，活塞上行在气缸压缩混合气，然后电火花点燃压缩的混合气推动活塞下行。当然，活塞不会被推出气缸外部，活塞在气缸做简单的上下往复运动—活塞上行压缩混合气，当混合气燃烧时，活塞下行。在动力驱动车轮转动之前，活塞的直线运动必须变为旋转运动。这种转变由曲轴上的曲柄和连杆来实现。 发动机的气门使燃烧废气排到气缸外部、将新鲜的汽油蒸汽和空气带到气缸部。在气缸封闭端有两个开口，每个开口与一个气门相通。气门是带长杆的精密加工阀体。当气门关闭或落座时（也就是气门上行至开口处）开口被密封，这时气体不能通过气门泄漏。当气门开启时，气体便可从开口流出。 2、气门被发动机凸轮轴上的凸轮驱动打开。凸轮有一个最高点（或凸角），每当凸轮转动时，凸角转至气门挺柱下部并使挺柱向上运动。挺柱通过推杆将向上的运动传气门摇臂绕其支撑点旋转向下推动气门杆，使气门下移打开。当凸轮转动使凸角转离挺柱下端时，刚度较大的气门弹簧将气门推回原位落座。气门弹簧靠弹簧座和锁销与气门杆上端相联接。在发动机凸轮轴上有凸轮与相应的气门相联。曲轴通过齿轮传动或链传动与凸轮轴相联。 整个工作循环过程需要四个活塞行程时（曲轴转两圈一个工作循环），这种发动机称为四冲程发动机。四个冲程分别是进气冲程、压缩冲程、做功冲程和排气冲程。 在进气冲程，进气门打开。曲轴驱动活塞下行。活塞的这种运动造成气缸部的部分真空．使空气通过进气门进入气缸填补真空。当空气向气缸运动时它必须经过化油器，空气与油蒸汽混合。这样，在进气冲程活塞下行时进人气缸的是空气和汽油蒸汽的混合气。 在进气冲程中，活塞下行至下止点时，进气门关闭。控制进气门的凸轮凸角转离位于其上的气门挺柱。因为此时其它气门也是关闭的，气缸上部是密封的。随着曲轴的转动，活塞上行，已进人气缸的混合气被压缩。当活塞上行至上止点时．混合气被压缩为原来体积的1/7-1/8。相当于1加仑空气被压缩成1品脱。其结果是气缸部混合气形成很高的压力。 在压缩行程中，当活塞接近上止点时，装在气缸上的火花塞发出电火花。火花塞由2个电极组成，火花由2个电极产生。点火由点火系统产生。点燃被压缩的油气混合气体。迅速的燃烧，产生高温高压。此时，在活塞的顶部有可以达到2吨的向下的压力。强有力的推力强制活塞向下运动，动力通过连杆和曲柄传递到曲轴。 在作功行程，活塞被燃烧的油气混合气向下推动。当活塞到达下止点时，排气门打开。此时，活塞向上运动，排出气缸中燃烧后的气体。当活塞到达上止点的时候，活塞中的气体被排净。排气门关闭进气门打开。然后活塞继续开始向下开始进气行程。当发动机运行时，
Unit 1 1. 他相当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. 一架波音747 飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 A Boeing 747 aircraft didn 't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3. 学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. 当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time , hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. 每天夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. 他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于哪里的新奇事物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已经成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。 The have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. Unit 2 1. 有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但他却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities. 4. 穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out. 世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合作机遇兴旺发达(蓬勃发展)。另一些文化却由于这种亲密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种最具有杀伤力的力量——自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。 Section B (15 minutes, 10 points) 该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。 This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America's elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child's education. PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation． 在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚(避免含义不清)，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。 Section B(15 minutes，10 points) 中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。 The limited natural resources on which China's sustainable development depends are declining sharply, on the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand, production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations. Section B. 电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。 The fast development of telecommunications has made the cell (mobile) phone popular among (a favorite of) high schoolers (high school students). Despite its multiple (many) functions, the cell