2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题及完整版答案

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...://cet46.wendu/2021年 12 月大学英语四级考试参考答案〔文都版〕来源：文都教育PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，之后将进展听斩考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考X文】Boundaries exist in virtuallyall humanrelationships,and students-teacher relationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to thefollowing question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate inan academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formaldistance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers isto highlight the instructor’s role as an authority figure. This is importantso that the professors canenforce discipline,have instructions followed, and command respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain a formal students with their students is to avoid real and perceived bias. If the teacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult tocompletely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause somestudents to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and studentscan ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both realand perceived bias.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.://cet46.wendu/2021年 12 月大学英语四级考试参考答案〔文都版〕来源：文都教育Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，之后将进展听斩考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考X 文】Boundaries exist in virtuallyall humanrelationships,and students-teacherrelationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to the following question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate in an academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formal distance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers isto highlight the instructor ’s role as an authority figure. This is importantso that the professors canenforcediscipline,have instructions followed, andcommand respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain aformal students with their students is to avoid realand perceived bias. If theteacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult to completely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause some students to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and students can ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both real and perceived bias.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three newsreports. At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsbe spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C), and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.://cet46.wendu/2021年 12 月大学英语四级考试参考答案〔文都版〕来源：文都教育Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，之后将进展听斩考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考X 文】Boundaries exist in virtuallyall humanrelationships,and students-teacherrelationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to the following question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate in an academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formal distance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers isto highlight the instructor ’s role as an authority figure. This is importantso that the professors canenforcediscipline,have instructions followed, andcommand respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain aformal students with their students is to avoid realand perceived bias. If theteacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult to completely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause some students to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and students can ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both real and perceived bias.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three newsreports. At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsbe spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C), and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.://cet46.wendu/2021年 12 月大学英语四级考试参考答案〔文都版〕来源：文都教育Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，之后将进展听斩考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考X 文】Boundaries exist in virtuallyall humanrelationships,and students-teacherrelationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to the following question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate in an academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formal distance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers isto highlight the instructor ’s role as an authority figure. This is importantso that the professors canenforcediscipline,have instructions followed, andcommand respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain aformal students with their students is to avoid realand perceived bias. If theteacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult to completely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause some students to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and students can ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both real and perceived bias.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three newsreports. At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsbe spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C), and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.://cet46.wendu/2021年 12 月大学英语四级考试参考答案〔文都版〕来源：文都教育Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该局部，之后将进展听斩考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationship between teachers and students.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考X 文】Boundaries exist in virtuallyall humanrelationships,and students-teacherrelationships are no exception to this rule. This reality gives rise to the following question: what kind of boundaries can be deemed appropriate in an academic setting ?My opinion is that, in general, a relatively formal distance should be kept between professors and their students.One reason to maintain a formal distance between students and teachers isto highlight the instructor ’s role as an authority figure. This is importantso that the professors canenforcediscipline,have instructions followed, andcommand respect from students. Another reason why teachers should maintain aformal students with their students is to avoid realand perceived bias. If theteacher develops close relationships with the students, it may be difficult to completely eliminate bias. Even the impression of bias may cause some students to feel that they have been treated unfairly.In sum, maintaining a formal distance between teachers and students can ensure an atmosphere of authority in the classroom and avoid both real and perceived bias.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three newsreports. At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsbe spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C), and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people’s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A）He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B）He has difficulty understanding the book.C）He cannot get access to the assigned book.D）He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A）She will drive the man to the supermarket.B）The man should buy a car of his own.C）The man needn’t go shopping every week.D）She can pick the man up at the grocery store.3. A）Get more food and drinks. C）Tidy up the place.B）Ask his friend to come over. D）Hold a party.4. A）The talks can be held any day except this Friday.B）He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.C）The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.D）The woman should contact John Smith first.5. A）He understands the woman’s feelings.B）He has gone through a similar experience.C）The woman should have gone on the field trip.D）The teacher is just following the regulations.6. A）She will meet the man halfway. C）She will ask David to talk less.B）She is sorry the man will not come. D）She has to invite David to the party.7. A）Few students understand Prof. Johnson’s lectures.B）Few students meet Prof. Johnson’s requirements.C）Many students find Prof. Johnson’s lectures boring.D）Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson’s class.8. A）Check their computer files. C）Study a computer program.B）Make some computations. D）Assemble a computer.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A）It allows him to make a lot of friends. C）It enables him to apply theory to practice.B）It requires him to work long hours. D）It helps him understand people better. 10. A）It is intellectually challenging.B）It requires him to do washing-up all the time.C）It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.D）It demands physical endurance and patience.11. A）In a hospital. C）At a laundry.B）At a coffee shop. D）In a hotel.12. A）Getting along well with colleagues. C）Planning everything in advance.B）Paying attention to every detail. D）Knowing the needs of customers.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A）The pocket money British children get.B）The annual inflation rate in Britain.C）The things British children spend money on.D）The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.14. A）It enables children to live better. C）It often rises higher than inflation.B）It goes down during economic recession. D）It has gone up 25% in the past decade.15. A）Save up for their future education. C）Buy their own shoes and socks.B）Pay for small personal things. D）Make donations when necessary.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）District managers. C）Sales directors.B）Regular customers. D）Senior clerks.17. A）The support provided by the regular clients.B）The initiative shown by the sales representatives.C）The urgency of implementing the company’s plans.D）The important part played by district managers.18. A）Some of them were political-minded. C）One third of them were senior managers.B）Fifty percent of them were female. D）Most of them were rather conservative. 19. A）He used too many quotations. C）He did not keep to the point.B）He was not gender sensitive. D）He spent too much time on details.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A）State your problem to the head waiter.B）Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.C）Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.D）Ask the name of the person waiting on you.21. A）Your problem may not be understood correctly.B）You don’t know if you are complaining at the right time.C）Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.D）You can’t tell how the person on the line is reacting.22. A）Demand a prompt response. C）Send it by express mail.B）Provide all the details. D）Stick to the point.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A）Fashion designer. C）City planner.B）Architect. D）Engineer.24. A）Do some volunteer work. C）Work flexible hours.B）Get a well-paid part-time job. D）Go back to her previous post.25. A）Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.B）It will add to the family’s financial burden.C）A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.D）The children won’t get along with a baby-sitter.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more curious,less afraid of what he doesn’t know, better at finding and （26）__________, more confident, resourceful （机敏的）, persistent and （27）__________ than he will ever be again in his schooling—or, unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and （28）__________ the world and people around him, and without any school-type （29）__________ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and （30）__________ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the （31）__________ of language. He has discovered it—babies don’t even know that language exists—and he has found out how it works and learnt to use it （32）__________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by （33）__________ and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and （34）__________ it until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the （35）__________ that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their ___36___ out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a ___37___ that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year ___38___ to just $1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global ad market.But as the number of eyeballs glued to ___39___ screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone’s value as a pocket billboard （广告牌）. Consumers are ___40___ using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and ___41___ the Internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisers ___42___ options for reaching audiences. During soccer’s World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to ___43___ thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. “Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25,”says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. “Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket—you just can’t ___44___ cell phones as an advertising tool.”Mobile-phone marketing has become as ___45___ a platform as TV, online or print.A）accessing I）increasinglyB）amounted J）messagesC）approaching K）patientlyD）attract L）tinyE）casual M）totalF）characters N）violatedG）fresh O）vitalH）ignoreSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A Mess on the Ladder of SuccessA） Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies （大草原）, drain the wetlands and build new cities.B） By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the US had a mild panic attack. What would this energetic, enterprising country be without new lands to conquer? Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering （Cuba, the Philippines, etc.）, but eventually, in industrialization, the US found a new narrative of economic mobility at home. From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an old person’s migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants.C） For the last 20 years—from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade—the US has been casting about for its next economic narrative. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the workforce but particularly for its youngest members.D） The US has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages （抵押贷款）, but many young people—who don’t own homes and don’t yet have families—are staying put, too. This suggests, among other things, that people aren’t packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to. Rather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus （与……相对）everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes: the mobile and immobile.E）Part of the problem is that the country’s largest industries are in decline. In the past, it wasperfectly clear where young people should go for work （Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s）and, more or less, what they’d be doing when they got there （killing cattle, building cars, selling oil）. And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskilled laborer to manager or engineer. Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small （though some promise future growth）and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along the southern I-85 corridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities. （You don’t need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, to get a job in one of the microhubs （微中心）, by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B.A. in computer science or a year or two at a technical school.）This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power.F）Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, 1ive in the America of the gloomy headlines. If you have no specialized skills, there’s little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census （普查）data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree.G） Until now, a B.A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor’s degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not.H） Those without such specialized skills—like poetry, or even history, majors—are already competing with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled labor market atomized into thousands of microeconomies, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills.I）So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, it’s hard to say, since the US doesn’t have one clear national project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising? （Nanotechnology’s（纳米技术）moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.）It’s not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade.J）What is clear is that all sorts of government issues—education, health-insurance portability, worker retraining—are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. It’s in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportunity, and America’s ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. （As recently as five years ago, US migration was twice the rate of European Union states.）That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.46. Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder.47. The census data is surprising in that college graduates are also among the immobile workforce.48. New figures released by the government show that Americans today are less mobile than ever before.49. The migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young.50. America is better at innovation than most other rich nations.51. Early American history is one of moving outward.52. Young people don’t know what to learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now.53. Computer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing.54. When the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found new economic mobility in industrialization.55. America today can be divided into two classes: those who move and those who don’t.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation’s professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.“As a group, we are pro-market,”says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues.”“It’s very puzzling,”says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side.”A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention （干预）early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals—less poverty, more health care—but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.”Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,” he says.The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates （博士学位）now go to women. “More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,”May says.Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high.The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’ skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.56. What is the finding of the new study?A）The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.B）Men and women understand economics quite differently.C）The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.D）Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.57. What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?A）They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.B）They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.C）They usually play an active role in public policy-making.D）They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.58. What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?A）She represents most female economists’ standpoint.B）She devotes herself to eliminating women’s poverty.C）Her study of economics changed her view on government’s role in economic activities.D）Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.59. What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?A）More female economists should get involved.B）It should do justice to female economists’ studies.C）More attention should be paid to women’s rights.D）It should aim at sustainable development.60. On what issue do male and female economists differ most?A）Government regulation. C）Military spending.B）Job creation. D）Gender equality.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government’s immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Britain.Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors（大学行政主管）. “The sector was expecting a decline in growth, butthe actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international students make up the majority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.”“Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research,” Beall said.Universities get a third of their tuition （学费）fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue—as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring—is being put at risk.Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus（假冒的）ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students’right to work during and after their studies.Beall said: “Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students who are so important to the UK’s research output. The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK.”61. What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?A）The increase in tuition and fees. C）Changed immigration policies.B）The ever-rising living expenses. D）Universities’ tightened budgets.62. What is UK vice-chancellors’ biggest concern?A）How to obtain financial support from the government.B）How to keep the academic reputation of their institutions.C）How to prevent bogus applicants entering their universities.D）How to stimulate the creativity of their research teams.63. Why do UK universities try to attract postgraduate students from outside the EU?A）A substantial part of their revenue comes from non-EU students’ tuition and fees.B）Non-EU postgraduate students are usually highly motivated.C）The number of UK postgraduate students has fallen sharply.D）Some of the postgraduate programmes are specially designed for non-EU students. 64. What were the expectations of some non-EU students’ families?A）Their children could enjoy the UK’s cultural benefits.B）Their children could find well-paying jobs upon their return.C）Their children could become established academically.D）Their children could work in the UK after graduation.65. What does Beall suggest the UK government should do?A）Allow promising international students to work in research teams.B）Revise UK visa regulations to accommodate non-EU students.C）Give universities adequate support to attract non-EU students.D）Try to address the needs of international students in the UK.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.“你要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: Fo r this part, you are allowe d80 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation. You should wr:ite at least 120 wonds but no more than 180 wa-ds.Part ll Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, yo.u will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you w.i ll hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you t choo-.w! the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , 'C) and D) . Then mark the correspo nd ing letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have Just heanl.1.A) He wanted to buy a home.C)He lost a huge sum of money.B)He suffered from a shock.D)He did an unusual good deed.2.A) Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.C)Give some money to the waiter.B)Tell her story to the Daily News.D)Pay the waiter's school tuition.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report yo11 have Just heanl3.A) Whether or not to move •t o the state's mainland.B)How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.C)Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.D)What to do about the rising level of the seawater.4.A) It takes too long a time.C)It has to wait for the state's fina l approval.B)It costs too much money.D)It faces strong opposition from many villagers. Questions S to 7 are based on the news report you have Just heard.5.A) To investigate whether people are grateful for help.B)To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.C)To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.D)To find out how people express gratitude.6.A) They induced strangers to talk with them.B)They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.C)They held doors open for people at various places.D)They interviewed people who didn't say thank you.7.A) People can be educated to be grateful.C)Most people have bad days now and then.B)Most people express gratitude for help.D)People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.Section BDirections: In this section, )OU will hear two long convers a tions. At the,end of each conver:sa tion, )OU will hear four que.stions. Both the conver:sa tion and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the ro"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have Jus t heard.8.A) To order a solar panel installation.C)To enquire about solar pai;iel installations.B)To report a serious leak in his roof.. D) To complain about the faulty: solar panels.9.A) He plans to install solar pc1nels.C)He saves $ 300 a year.B)He owns a four-bedroom house.D)He has a large family._10.A) Th.e service of the solar panel company.C)The maintenance of the solar panels.B)The cost of a solar panel installation.D)The quality of the solar panels.. '11.A) One year and a half.C)Roughly six years.B)Less than four years.D)About five years. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversatim you have just heard.12.A) At a travel agency.C)At an airline transfer service.B)At an Australian airport.D)At a local transportation authority.13.A) She would be able to visit more scenic spots.B)She wanted to save as much money as possible.C)She would like to have everything taken care of.D)She wanted to spend more time with her family.14.A) Four days.C)One week.B)Five days.D)Two weeks.15.A) Choosing some activities herself.C)Driving along the Great Ocean Road.. .j • . .B)Spending Christmas with Australians.D)Leaming more about wine making. Section CDirections: In this section , )OU w.i ll hear thnee JXlssages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After )'lU hear a question , )OU must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Then mark the co"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .Questions 16 to 18 are based on the p1m&ge you have just heard.16.A) Bring their own bags when shopping.C)Dis� .of their trash properly.B)Use public transport when traveling.D)Pay a green tax upon arrival.17.A) It has not been doing a good job in recycling.B)It has witnessed a rise i� accidental drowning.C)It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.D)It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.18.A) To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.B)To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island.C) • To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.D)To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It gives birth to several babies at a time.C)Its·breeding grounds are now better preserved.B)It is the least protected mammal species.D)Its population is.now showing signs of increase.20.A) Global warming.C)Commercial hunting.B)Polluted seawaters.D)Decreasing birthrates.21.A) To mate.C)To escape hunters.B)To look for food.D)To seek breeding grounds.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They prefer to drink low-fat milk.B)They think milk is good for health.23.A) It is not as healthy as once thought.B)It is not easy to stay fresh for long.24.A) They drink too many pints every da r·.B)They are sensitive to certain minerals.25.A) It is easier for sick people to digest.B)It provides.some necessary nut�ents.Part ]I[ Section A Reading ComprehensionC)They consume less milk these days.D)They buy more milk than the British.C)It benefits the elderly more.D)It tends to make people fat.C)They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.D)They have eaten f oo d incompatible with milk.C)It is healthier than other animal products.D)It supplies the body with enough calories.( 40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a w o rd bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making )VUr choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answe,r Sheet 2·with a single line through the centre. You may not ll.l? any of the words in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there ·s uch a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't-benefit from 26 'praise as much as we'd like to think. "Parents' often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a 27 effect," says Phillip. " W hen we use the same praise28 , it may become empty and no longer valued·by the child. �t can also become an expectation that anything they do must be �-with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to' .fear of -� their parents. "Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. "The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the 31 . It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential," she says. "Parents should encourage their c�ild to take the risks needed to learn and grow. "So how do we break the 32 of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to33 between "person praise" and "process praise". " Person praise is �-saying how great someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the personhas just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing," ·says ----Phillip.A)chooseB)constantC)disappointingD)distinguishE)exhausting Section B F)experiencedG) n egativeH)outcomeI)patternJ)pluralK)repeatedlyL)rewardedM) s eparatelyN)simply0)undertakeriDirections: In this section, yo;u are going to read a passage with ten· statements aitached to it. Each statement contains information given in o.n e of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph· more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corr.espondi g •l etter on Answer Sheet 2.Poverty is a story about us, not themA)Too often still, we think we know what poverty looks like. 'I t's the way we've been taught, the imageswe've been force-fed for decades. The chronically hoineless. The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor, usually personified as a woman of color, the "welfare queen" politicians stil l too often reference.B)But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a recordeconomic expansion, those familiar images are outdated, hurtful, and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.C)Today's faces of income inequality an d lack of opportunity-look like all of us. It's Anna Landre, adisabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow her the freedom to live her life. It's Tiffanie Standard, a counselor for young women of color in·Philadelphia·who want to be tech entrepreneurs-but who must work multiple jobs to·stay afloat. It's Ken Outlaw, a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community·college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of' t he extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation.D)If these are the central characters of our story about poverty, what layers of perceptions, myths, andrealities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality, Mothering Justice, led by women of color, went last year to the·state capital in Lansing, Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers. One of the Mothering Justice • organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare­the vestiges ( #.�) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked. A legislative staffer dismissed the activist's concerns, telling her "my husband took care of that-I stayed home."E)That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson, '"was meant to shame" and reliedon the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a-single·morn, probably with multiple kids. In this case, the Mothering Justice activist happened to be married. And in ·most cases in the America of 2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income i n equality fail miserably inreflecting a complicated reality: poverty touches virt u ally all of us. The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.F)How many of us are poor in the U.S.? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau,' '38 million people in the U. S. are living below the official poverty thresholds. Taking into accounteconomic need beyond that absolute measure, the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million people are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S. population.G)Whatever the measure, within that massive group, poverty is extremely diverse. We know that somepeople are more affected than others, like children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people of color.H)But the fact that 4 in 10 ;Americans can't come up with $.400 in an emergency is a commonly citedstatistic for g� reason: economic ins�bility stre�ches across race, gender, and geography._ It even reaches into the middle classes, as real wages �ave �agnated (�JI*) for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial i�stability are not uncommon.I)Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The bigAmerican myth is that yoµ can pull yourself up by your own efforts and change a bad situation into a good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families, friends, schools, and community is virtually impossible. And the playing field is nothing close to level.J)The Frame W orks Institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues, has studied what sustains stereotypes an� narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom. "People view economic success and well be ing in life as a product 9f choice, willpower, and drive," says Nat Kendall-Taylor, CEO of Frame W orks. "When we see people who are struggling," he says, those assumptions '.'lead us to the perception that.people in poverty are lazy, they don't care, and they haven't made the right decisions. "K)Does this sound familiar? S imilar i<leas surround poverty in the U ..S.. And these assumptions give a false picture of reality. "When people enter into that pattern of thinking," says Kendall-Taylor, "it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisibleIand fade from view. "L)Those ex.t emal factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race, gender, or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them surviye. There is a great tension between "the poor" and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word: "welfare. "M)According to the General Social Sqrvey, 71 percent of re s pondents believe the country is spending too ·little on "assistance to the.poor/' On the other hand, 22 percent think we are spending too little on "welfare": 37 percent -believe we are spending too much.N)" Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers," says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups, yet they are. disproportionately the face of poverty. For example, Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients-of public assistance programs.0)In reality, most people. will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.Indeed, people tendto.dip in and out of poverty, perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,。

大学英语四级历年真题与范文(1991-2007)1999.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don't Be Afraid to Say“No”. Y ou should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”3.该说“不”时,不说“不”的坏处[范文]Don't Be Afraid to Say “No”Sometimes we have to say “No” to others when they ask us for help. Why? One situation may be that we are not capable of doing the things they ask us to do. The other situation may be that we are unwilling to do what they ask us to do, because their requests may be unreasonable or even illegal. On both occasions we should say directly to them: “No”.But the case is not always the same in our daily life. Some people are afraid to say “No” when they should say so. On the one hand, they are afraid of losing their faces. On the other hand they don't want to hurt others, such as their family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.T o say “Y es” when you should say “No” will ev entually do you some harm. If you say “Y es” but fail to help them in the end because of lack of the ability, they may think you are not worthy of trust. If you help them do something bad or illegal, you will be punished for what you have done. So, don't be afraid to say “N o” if necessary.1999.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading selectively or extensively? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法\[范文\]Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Reading selectively or extensively? What is your choice? Perhaps each of us has our choice. Some people think we should read selectively, for there are so many books for us to read. Thousands of new books are published every day. How can we cover all these books in our limited time? Besides, not all the books are worth reading.Some people, on the contrary, choose to read extensively. They think that reading extensively can broaden their horizons. Through reading extensively they can learn something about their ancestors; through reading extensively they can get insight of great men. Reading extensively can also enable us to adapt to the fast developing society. Because we are living in a knowledge exploding society, if we don't read extensively, we can't get enough information about the modern world, and we can't keep pace with the society.In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. By reading extensively, we can enrich our knowledge of aspects. By reading selectively, we can focus on and learn well the academic knowledge we'll need in our future work.2000.1 真题Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合我(说明理由)\[范文\]How I Finance My College Education?Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for the students and their families how to finance their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents. If their parents can't produce the tuition and the fees, students can apply a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing some part time jobs in their spare time.As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the tuition and fees for me. So, I won't have a heavy financial burden, and I can put all my heart into study. I would like to pay the rest by doing a part time job. Although my parents are able to pay all the tuition and fees for me, I just want to know more about the society by my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.2001.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素\[范文\]How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the first step leading to the success of their employment. It is clear that succeeding in a job interview is very important.There are some ways to ensure your success in a job interview. First, you should be well prepared for all the information about you, such as your diploma certification, you credit records, certification about your awards, publications, if there is any, and the last but not the least, a carefully designed resume, in both Chinese and English.Second, you must pay much attention to your appearance, including your dress and your behavior. Y ou should dress properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should listen to him attentively, accompanied with proper eye contact and a timely nod of head.Third, you must be confident about yourself. Y our smiling face is the best way to show your confidence and friendliness. Y ou should be also honest, especially when talking about yourself. 2001.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao W ang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week long holiday. Y ou should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:1.表示欢迎2.提出度假安排建议3.提醒应注意的事项A Letter to A Schoolmate; June 23, 2001; Dear Xiao W ang; Y ours, Zhang Ying\[范文\]A Letter to A SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao W ang,I am glad to hear that you will come to see me during the week long holiday. It has been three years since we graduated from our university. I miss you very much. I even can't wait to see you. I've made a plan for this holiday. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I think we'd better have sightseeing around it. W e can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, The Forbidden City, The Great W all, etc. W e can do some shopping together. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. The State Library is also a good place for us to go. By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time. And don't forget to tell me when you will arrive. I'll pick you up at the airport.Miss you!Y ours,Zhang Ying2002.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students , today's traditional age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective "is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life." It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemic al company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first yea r on the job-even before she completed her two year associate degree. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company: no job. How shortsighted in the long run ! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the ac cumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机)："Miss Baxter ," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?" From the long term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about. 16.According to the author's observation, college students __________ . A) have never been so materialistic as today B) have never been so interested in the arts C) have never been so financially well off as today D) have never attached so much importance to moral sense 17.The students' criteria for electing majors today have much to do with ________ . A) the influences of their instructors B) the financial goals they seek in life C) their own interpretations of the courses D) their understanding of the contributions of others 18.By saying "While it's true that... be they scientific or artistic" (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that _____. A) business management should be included in educational programs B) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed C) human intellectual development has reached new heights D) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked 19.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________ . A) create varying artistic interests B) help people see things in their right perspective C) help improve connections among people D) regulate the behavior of modern people 20.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow minded. B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.。

2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题（卷 1）答案与分析Part I. WritingThe Most Impressive Campus ActivityEvery university offers numerous kinds of activities to enrich students’extracurricular life. As one of the young college students, I have benefited a lot from all of these well-organized activities, but the one that has benefited me most is the debate competition which I took part in last year.That was a debate competition between different majors and the topic was about theoretical knowledge versus practices. What mattered most is not the result of the debate, but gathering background information and practicing the process of debate. Also, no individual could accomplish the challenging task all by herself or himself, so joint efforts have played a significant role in winning the competition. Team spirit and co-operation has been improved a lot and I believe this is more precious than winning or losing.To be brief, to participate in more campus activities, we can not only get a better understanding of what we have learnt before, but also make new friends and discover our interests.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1.C) 从女士所说“But remember we can’t afford a lot.
”可以得知他们承担不起太多钱，由此可知他们应当挑选一件不太贵旳礼品，因此C是对旳答案。

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案解析Part I Writing标准版：标准版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher education background earns earns more more more money money money weekly weekly weekly than than than those those those with with with lower lower lower ones. ones. ones. For For For instance, instance, instance, the the the college college college students students students with with with no no no degree degree degree get get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor‟s degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher one‟s education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers. This This phenomenon phenomenon phenomenon tells tells tells us us us that that that education education education is is is a a a worthy worthy worthy investment. investment. investment. Therefore, Therefore, Therefore, substantial substantial substantial education education education investment investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves. 高分版：Education Pays Judging from the table, we can see t hat people‟s income increases along with their education levels. Above all ，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates. The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I don‟t think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer employer only only only pays pays pays for for for your your your ability ability ability and and and performance, performance, performance, not not not for for for your your your certificate. certificate. certificate. On On On the the the other other other hand, hand, hand, the the the most most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more more education education education tend tend tend to to to keep keep keep lifelong lifelong lifelong learning learning learning habits habits habits after after after their their their graduation, graduation, graduation, which which which would would would help help help them them them gain gain gain more more opportunities in their career path. In In conclusion, conclusion, conclusion, what what what accounts accounts accounts for for for education education education pays pays pays is is is not not not the the the degree degree degree alone, but alone, but the graduate‟s a bility ability ability and and and leaning leaning habit. 作文B ：标准版：标准版：Education PaysThe above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that unemployment rate of those with higher education background is much lower than those with lower education degree. For instance, the unemployment rate of college students with no degree is as high as 14.9% while that of those with doctoral degree is only 1.9%. The followingreason, in my opinion, is the most important one to account for this phenomenon. Compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which make them more qualified and competent for their task. Thus, they are less likely to lose their jobs. This This phenomenon phenomenon phenomenon tells tells tells us us us that that that education education education is is is a a a worthy worthy worthy investment. investment. investment. Therefore, Therefore, Therefore, education education education investment investment investment should should should be be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to avoid unemployment. 高分版：高分版：Education Pays As As is is is shown shown shown in in in the the the table, table, table, the the the unemployment unemployment unemployment rate rate rate decreases decreases decreases steadily steadily steadily as as as the the the education education education level level level increases. increases. increases. The The The fact fact revealed by the statistics is obvious: graduates with a degree are less likely to be unemployed. What has brought about this effect? I believe there are three main reasons. To begin with, the education level is still the top factor that employers would take into account when selecting job candidates. It is believed that people with with a a a college college college degree degree degree tend tend tend to to to be be be more more more intelligent intelligent intelligent and and and qualified. qualified. qualified. In In In addition, addition, addition, as as as a a a result result result of of of good good good learning learning learning habit habit formed formed during during during college, college, college, job job job hunters hunters hunters with with with high high high education education education background background background are are are also also also more more more efficient efficient efficient in in in acquiring acquiring acquiring and and processing job hunting information. Finally, college education equips graduates with specialized skills, leading to greater attachment to the company they are employed and higher possibility to be reemployed even if they leave their previous company. In conclusion, it is the qualifications, learning habit and specialized skills that high education equip a graduate that make one distinctive in labor market. 【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案（完整版）2012年下半年英语四级考试作文真题及答案From the bar chart given above, we can observe that it reflects the statistics of income among people of different educational background. Those who possess a doctoral degree earn 1,551dollars median weekly, ranking first among people of other education level. The median weekly earnings of people with associate degree and below cannot reach the average of 797 dollars, ranking from 768 dollars to 451 dollars. As for the unemployment rate, 2.5 % of people with doctoral degree will suffer form unemployment. However, the unemployment rate of people with some college, no degree and lower degree surpass the mean value of 7.6%, ranking from 8.7% to 14.1%.The bar chart of Education Pays reveals a phenomenon that there exits some difference in incomes and unemployment rate among people with different educational level. Quite a few reasons can account for this phenomenon: for one thing, with the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure, quite a few high-tech industries emerge overnight, which leads to a soar demand of workforces with high educational degree, thus, it is natural that graduates with bachelor’ and higher degree get a high pay-packet and enjoy a stable job. Additionally, those with educational background under associate degree are easily dismissed and paid by low salary. They can be replaced any time due to the fact that their jobs are easy and can be finished by average people.Definitely, the higher education degree you get, the more likely you are to enjoy a competitive edge in the employment market. Thus, the authorities should enforce some policies to ensure the equity of education. Only in this way can more people lead a stable and comfortable life. 2012年英语四级答案：12月四级快速阅读答案第一套英语四级快速阅读答案1. A.soil erosion, landslides and floods。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（仔细阅读部分）仔细阅读：Passage One ：Absence of girls removes pressure to conform to masculine stereotype ，claims US researcher美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力Rachel Williams The Guardian ，Wednesday 20 January 2010 Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art ， dance and music ， according to research released today ． 据今日发布的研究表示，男校是教育年轻男性表达情感最佳的地点，也更有可能让他们进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。

进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim ，the absence of girlsgives boys the chance to develop without pressure toconform to a stereotype ， the US study says ．这项美国研究说明，与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、进取向上的男性特征不同，进取向上的男性特征不同，进取向上的男性特征不同，学学校里没有女生，给了男生在没有典型形象压力下自主发展的机会。

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2卷）PartⅠWriting（30minutes）Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic“Changes in the way of Transportation”.You should write at least120 words but no more than180words.With the social and economic development,our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades,which has brought much convenience to our life.In the1970s and1980s,bicycles were the primary means of public transportation. Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions.Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy,the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in1990s and2000s.And thanks to the information technology,we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to make our journey more economical and flexible.We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.PartⅡListening Comprehension（25minutes）Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each new report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B)Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C)The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.B)It could disrupt the food chains there.C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.D)It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.1—2题答案：1.A 2.CQuestions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B)About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C)Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D)Pedestrianswillhavefreeaccesstothecity.4.A)The rising air pollutionin Paris.B)The worsening global warming.C The ever-growing cost of petrol.D)The unbearable traffic noise.3—4题答案：3.B 4.AQuestions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Many of his possessions were stolen.B)His house was burnt down in a fire.C)His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D)His good luck charm sank into the sea.6.A)Change his fishing locations.B)Find a job in a travel agency.C)Spend a few nights on a small islandD)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7.A)A New Year museumB)The largest pearl in the world weighsC)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D)His pearl could be displayed in a museum.5—7题答案：5.B 6.D7.CSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It boasts a fairly long history.B)It produces construction materials.C)It has75offices around the world.D)It has over50business partners.9.A)It has about50employees.B)It was started by his father.C)It has a family business.D)It is over100years old.10.A)Shortage of raw material supply.B)Legal disputes in many countries.C)Outdated product design.D)Loss of competitive edge.11.A)Conducting a financial analysis for it.B)Providing training for its staff members.C)Seeking new ways to increase is exports.D)Introducing innovative marketing strategies.8—11题答案：8.A9.C10.D11.AQuestions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)She is a real expert at house decorations.B)She is well informed about the design business.C)She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D)She is really impressed by the man’s house.13.A)From his younger brother Greg.B)From home design magazines.C)From a construction businessman.D)From a professional interior designer.14.A)The effort was worthwhile.B)The style was fashionable.C)The cost was affordable.D)The eft was unexpected.15.A)She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with herC)She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D)She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.12—15题答案：12.D13.B14.C15.BSectionCDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Providing routine care for small children.B)Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C)Doing research on ear,nose and throat diseases.D)Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.17.A)Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B)Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.C)Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.D)Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.18.A)They tend to act out of impulse.B)They want to attract attentions.C)They are unaware of the potential risks.D)They are curious about these body parts.16—18题答案：16.D17.C18.DQuestions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It paid for her English lessons.B)It gave her a used bicycle.C)It delivered her daily necessities.D)It provided her with physical therapy.20.A)Expanding bike-riding lessons.B)Asking local people for donations.C)Providing free public transport.D)Offering walking tours to visitors.21.A)It is a language school.B)It is a charity organization.C)It is a counseling center.D)It is a sports club.19—21题答案：19.B20.A21.BQuestions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)How mice imitate human behavior a space.B)How low gravity affects the human body.C)How mice interact in a new environment.D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C)They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D)They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A)They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.B)They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C)They already felt at home in the new environment.D)They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A)They repeated their activities every day.B)They behaved as if they were on Earth.C)They begin to eat less after some time.D)They changed their routines in space.22—25题答案：22.D23.A24.C25.BPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirection:In this section,there s a passage with ten blanks.you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choices in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task,I can’t help but praise him.It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right?But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip,children don’t benefit from 26praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise,believing they are building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a 27effect,”says Phillip.“When we use the same praise28,it may become empty and no longer valued by the child.It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be29with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of30their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise?Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is1o focus on the process rather than the31it is the recognition of a child’s attempt,or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,”she says,“Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”So how do we break the32of praise we’re all so accustomed to?Phillip says it’s important to33between“person praise”and“process raise”.“Person praise is34saying how great someone is.It’s a form personal approval.Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just35.Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,”says Phillip.A)choose F)experienced K)repeatedlyB)constant G)negative L)rewardedC)disappointing H)outcome M)separatelyD)distinguish I)pattern N)simplyE)exhausting J)plural O)undertaken答案：26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.OSection BDirectlons:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Poverty is a story about us,not them[A]Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like.It's the way we've been taught,the images we’ve been forced-fed decades.The chronically homeless.The undocumented immigrant.The urban poor,usually personified as a woman of color, the"welfare queen"politicians still too often reference.[B]But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States,even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated, hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.IC]Today's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us.It's Anna Landre,a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her life lt's Tiffanie Standard,a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be tech entrepreneurs—but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw,a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,[D]If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty.what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality,Mothering Justice,led by women of color,went last year to the state capital in Lansing,Michigan,to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare-the vestiges(痕迹))of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked,A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns, telling her“my husband took care of that-l stayed home.”[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson.,"was meant to shame"and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom,probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of2019,the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality:poverty touches virtually all of us.The face of income inequality,for all but a very few of us,is the one we each see in the mirror.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?It depends on who you ask.According to the Census Bureau,38million people in the U.S.are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that140million peoplc are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S population.[G]Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wages have stagnated(不增长)for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.[I]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one.The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends.schools，,and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level.[J]The Frame Works institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice, willpower,drive,grit,and gumption,"says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO of Frame Works.“When we see people who are struggling.”he says,those assumptions“lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy.they don’t care,and they haven't made the right decisions.”[K]Does this sound familiar?Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking,"says Kendall-Taylor,"it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way.It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade from view.”Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive.There is a great tension between"the poor"and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."According to the General Social Survey,7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37percent believe we are spending too much,[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups,yet theyare disproportionately the face of poverty.For example，Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.[O]In reality,most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.Indeed,people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.[P]Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.答案：36.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor."39.[J]The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40.[D]lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?41.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42.[N]“Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and”black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.43.[1]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.44.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Dan-ielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"45.[L]Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Section CDirections:There are2passage in this section.Each passage is followed by some quetements or unfinished statemeents.For each of them there are four choices maked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the correponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Boredom has,paradoxically,become quite interesting to academics lately.In early May.London's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness.At this event.people flocked to talks about weather,traffic jams and vending-machine sounds.,among other sleep-inducing topics What,exactly,is everybody studying? One widely accepted definition of boredom is"the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable.to engage in satisfying activity."But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s?In1986,psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored By contrast,the Mulitidimensional State Boredom scale,developed in2008,measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving.mindless snacking.excessive drinking,and and addictive gambling.In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom.One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for15minutes.Researching this phenomenon,another team asked volunteers to watch boring.sad,or ncutar films,during which they could self-administer elccrie shocks,The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.But boredom isn't all bad.By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming.it can spur activity.An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises.Once all the obvious answers were exhausted,participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom:A British study took these findings one step further,asking subjects to complete a creative challenge(coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item).One group of subjects did a boring activity first.while the others wentstraight to the creative task.Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.In our always connected world,boredom may be a hard-to-define state,but it is a fertile one,Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away our smart phone for a while,and you might unlock your next big idea.46.When are people likely to experience boredom,according to an accepted psychological definition?A)When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.B)When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.C)When they experience something unpleasant.D)When they engage in some routine activities.47.What does the author say boredom can lead to?A)DeterminationB)Mental deteriorationC)ConcentrationD)Harmful conduct48.What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?A)Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.B)Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.C)Male volunteers arc more immune to the effects of boredom than females.D)Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.49.Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?A)It stimulates memorization.B)It may promote creative thinking.C)It allows time for relaxation.D)It may facilitate independent learning.50.What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?A)stop idling and think big.B)Unlock one’s smart phone.C)Look around oneself for stimulation.D)Allow oneself some time to be bored.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why.South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale:every year almost s million hectares are lost.But forests are also changing in rich Western countries They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more and that the tees in them and bigger.What is going on?Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress.In199028%of Spain was forested;now the proportion is37%.In both Greece and Italy,the growth was from26%to32%over the same period.Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia.Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland.Roughly1%of that country was forested when it became independent in1922.Forests cover11%of the land,and the governments wants to push the proportion to18%by the2040s.Two things are fertilizing this growth.The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well.When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in.The second is governments policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.The greening of the West does not delight everyone.Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidized tree plantations.Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires.Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows.They will have to get used to the trees,however.The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.51.What is catching environmentalists’attention nowadays?A)Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.B)Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.C)Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.D)Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.52.Which countries have the fastest forest growth?A)Those that brave newly achieved independence.B)Those that at have the greatest demand for timberC)Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.D)Those that provide enormous government subsidies.53.What has encouraged forest growth historically?A)The government’s advocacy.B)The use of wood for fuel.C)The favorable climate.D)The green movement.54.What account for our increasing desire for forests?A)Their unique scenic beauty.B)Their use as fruit plantation.C)Their capability of improving air quality.D)Their stable supply of building materials.55.What docs the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?A)Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.B)It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.C)Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.D)Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction答案：46-50ADBCD51-55BCACDPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your anwer on Answer Sheet2.春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。

2013年英语四级完整版答案作文部分：范文一：The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of co mmunication among people. With the help of the Internet, peo ple can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-depen dent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it s eems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. A s words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly wi th less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communica tion in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf theInternet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overu se of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relatio nship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people d o not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at di nner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each othe r, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends f ar away more easily at theexpense of reducing the communicat ion with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in mod ern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain informationIn the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaners to get access to seemingly ince ssant information. But is information equal to knowledge “On ce I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need”This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information , they will get proper education.The reason why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textb ooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope rangingfrom the obtainment of practical skills to the development o f characters, which are hard for students to learn simply b y googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools th at includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and com municating with peers is what true education is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in t ime.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。

大学英语四级真题试卷及详细答案一(完整版)目录大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版) (1)大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (42)快速对答案 (56)大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版)Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2023年12月英语四级第二套真题参考答案及解析（最新完整版）2023年12月英语四级第二套真题参考答案及解析(最新完整版) 听力第二套00:00:00 说话者1:College english test，band four，part two，listening comprehension，section a directions。

In this section，you will hear three news reports。

At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。

Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ab c and d then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet one with a single line through the center。

00:00:39 说话者2:News report one。

How you noticed how similar you are to your friends。

It may be because your brains operate in harmony with each other。

We know that friends are more likely to be the same age，gender and ethnic background as each other。

Now it seems that brains are alike too。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（多题多卷标准卷）Part I Writing【写作题一】The Impact of the Internet on the Way PeopleCommunicateIt is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above that there are a couple in front of a computer looking at the screen. With his wife standing behind, the man is writing an E-mail to tell their son how they miss him.The cartoon mirrors that the Internet has exerted a great influence on the way of people’s communication. People used to communicate face to face or write letters. Currently, those who tend to pay more attention to electronic communication than to face-to-face contact often argue that these ways of communication are more convenient and can save them time. However, when we chat with others online, we cannot convey our feelings fully. In addition, communicating through electronic tools tend to weaken the affection between people. And it will be likely to make people solitary or depressed. In the age of information, more and morepeople will inevitably communicate with each other via the Internet. However, as a family, we should learn to communicate face to face happily and frequently, because we will sooner or later face the fact that the electronic communication can’t replace face-to-face contact.【写作题二】The Impact of the Internet on LearningIt is apparently depicted in the cartoon given above that while a teacher wants to give a quiz to a little boy who is holding a cell phone in his hand and says: “Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all the education I really need?”The teacher seems to be quite embarrassed and shocked after hearing her student’s naïve question.The cartoon vividly mirrors one of the problems in our lives that the Internet has exerted a great influence on people’s learning. We can acquire relevant knowledge and information rapidly and precisely via search engines, professional websites and onlineeducation. However, education does not simply mean learning to obtain information. Leaning basic hands-on skills, traveling with classmates, participating in social activities and fulfilling a project with our teamwork can also be effective and indispensable forms. All of these maybe can not be achieved by obtaining information from Internet alone.Therefore, we should not ignore those traditional, essential and prevailing forms of education when we surf the web and speak highly of convenience of the Internet education in the age of information.Part II Listening Comprehension【答案】1-5: C A C B A 6-10: B D A C A 11-15:B D A D C16-20: A B D B C 21-25: A C D B A26. In addition 27. software 28. available 29. individuals 30. technological31. manufacture 32. In short 33. By contrast 34. scientific 35. quantitySection A1. W: I’d like to take a trip to Florida for my spring break, can you give me any idea where to go?M: I could tell you about the places I visited, but I think you’d better look up a travel agency to help with the arrangements.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?2. M: I’m really tired of driving at night. Even though the traffic seems fine.W: I see. Let’s stop for some food and then find a motel nearby, so we can start early tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the speaker?3. M: Jeff’s got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he is willing to come to the meeting?W: Oh I think he’d be glad to come, but what’s difficult is getting the guy to speak before a large crowd.Q: What does the woman imply about Jeff?4. W: I hear you are leaving the company and going back to school this year.M: Yes, I’m enrolled in a graduate program in public administration.Q: What is the man going to do?5. W: Have you applied for the Art director position?M: No, I’d like to. But the job starts on the first of May and I wouldn’t be available until Jane.Q: What does the man mean?6. W: Will my car be ready by the end of the day?M: It should be. I’ll call if there are any problems. We are open until 6.Q: What is probably the man’s job?7. W: I have a big paper due Monday, but I promise Laura we’d be clean the apartment this weekend. Whatam I going to do?M: Why don’t you just see if Laura can wait for a week or two?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?8. W: Construction on the bridge has really slowed the traffic.M: I know. Since they started working the time it takes me get to work has doubled.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Conversation OneW: Sales department, Can I help you?M: Oh, yes, I hop so. My name is Kings Bruce of GPF Ltd. We need some supplies for our design office.W: I see. What sort of things are you looking for, Mr. Kings Bruce?M: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.W: Well, in the standard range, we have the D044, and the D045 models.M: Oh, what’s the difference between them?W: Well, the D045 has its own mending system and it does cost slightly more as a result.M: S0o what is the total price?W: For the D045 it is 387 ponds 50 cents.M: And did that include the value added tax?W: Oh, yes!M: Can you tell me how long does it take to deliver?W: I can’t give a definite date now, I am afraid, because it depends on the other orders we have to get out. But it will certainly be within 3 weeks.M: OI, now we also want some drawing paints, ink and correction fluid and some drawing paper.W: Ah, now the lady who deals with drawing office supplies isn’t here this morning I am afraid. But I could ask her to give you a ring this afternoon if you like.M: Oh, yes, thank you.W: What is your telephone number?M: It is writing. That is code 0734, 21653-51.W: Ok. I’ll get Miss Thomson to ring you this afternoon. Now would you like me to place your order for one D045 drawing board?M: Yes, please. You’ve been most helpful. Good bye.W: Good bye!Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.Wha t’s the man’s purpose in making the telephone call?10.What can’t the man order the other drawing office supplies right now?11.What’s the man’s telephone number?Conversation TwoW: Daves, ever since he moved into his own apartment, he’s been losing weight. He really doesn’t look well at all, probably not eating enough.W: Well, anyway how is Tim these days?M: Tim? Oh, Tim has me worried too. He is really getting much too fat. He needs to lose about 75 pounds now.W: That’s a lot of weight to lose. What does Tim eat?M: I really don’t know. But I am sure he is eating too much cake and candy.W: Well, did tell you Mark doesn’t eat any meat now? He only eats vegetables and fruit.M: Tha t’s probably why he is so thin. Does he smoke?W: About two packs of cigarettes a day. That’s my son, a smoking vegetarian.M: En, if he stops smoking, he will win weight. I know he would. Tim put on a lot of weight, when he stops smoking. W: Does Tim play any sports?M: Play sports?! Oh, mine! I keep telling him “Tim dear, you really need to get some exercise.” And do you know what he does? He just gets angry.W: I know Mark doesn’t take exercise, either.M: Did you tell him?W: Of course, but you know what it is like being a mother of a 30-year-old boy. They just don’t think they need your advice any more. I wish Mark could find a nice girl friend to relax and have fun with. I heard Tim has a girl friend at last. That’s wonderful.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.When did Mark start losing weight according to the woman?13.Why is the man worried about Tim?14.What do Tim and Mark have in common?15.What is the woman’s wish for Mark?Section BPassage OneDonna Fredrick’s served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace Corps after she graduated from the college because she wanted to do something to help other people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to an agricultural project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great deal about its history and culture. During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeastern Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there. Donna helped the people of the village to organize an irrigation project, and she also advised them on planting crops that didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get Brazil out of her mind. Finally, one day she got on a plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t sure what she was going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English teacher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers, she doesn’t make much money. She shares a small apartment with another teacher. And she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a fulltime journalist.Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college?17.What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?18.Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again?19.How did Donna make extra money to support herself?Passage TwoResults of a recent Harry’s poll on free time showed that the average work week for many Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of household duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free time to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressure of study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family. In different countries free time is spent in different ways. The results of the Harry’s poll showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US. This was followed by watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most popular. Listening to the radio came second. In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out. The second most popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the most popular outdoor pursuits between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening. In the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth. Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the popularity of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending their free time surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.What is the recent Harry’s poll mainly about?21.What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?22.What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?Passage ThreeOn March 13th, while on duty Charles McLaughlin, a very careless driver employed by the company Lummis was involved in another accident. The accident occurred in Riverside California. Not paying attention to his driving, McLaughlin turned right on main street and 33rd street and hit V olkswagen Rabbit. This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to the car. On the basis of the police report, the Lummis accident committee correctly determined that McLaughlin had been quite careless. As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch manager Mr. David Rossi reported that they had talked with McLaughlin about his extremely poor driving record. Further evidence of McLaughlin’s irresponsibility occurred on May 6th when he was returning from his shift. That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero, causingsignificant damage to the door. Damage to the truck, however, was minor. Finally, on June 7th, McLaughlin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down several mail boxes near the edge of the company’s parking lot. There was damage to the mailboxes and minor damage to the truck. Mr. David Rossi stated that he had spoken with McLaughlin on several occasions about his driving record. He added that he had warned McLaughlin that three preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.What did the Lummis accident committee find out about the accident that occurred on March 13th?24.What did McLaughlin do on June 7th near the edge of the company’s parking lot?25.What is most probably going to happen to McLaughlin?Section CMany college students today won personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. (26) In addition, it is not uncommon for them to purchase (27) software costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were (28) available, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, (29) individuals purchased computers for home use. Over the years, the price of the “guts”of a computer —its memory —has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, (30) technological improvements have made it possible to (31) manufacture memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. (32) In short, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.(33) By contrast, improved agricultural technology, hybrid seeds, (34) scientific animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the (35) quantity of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.Part III Reading Comprehension【答案】36-40: N L I O F 41-45: D C J M H46-50: K C E B H 51-55: D J C L F56-60: C A D C D 61-65: A B D B CSection A36.【N】因为前面有the修饰，后面有of限定范围，首先判断此处词性为名词，整个短语应该是place的同位语，所以词义与地点有关。

Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)Universities Branch OutAs never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers,offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K.In the United States,20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships (实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to t he lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world -class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s.the link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research -university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago, in the wake ofSeptember 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and the business leaders led to improvements in the process and reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become ________.A)more popularized than ever beforeB)in-service training organizationsC)a powerful force for global integrationD)more and more research-oriented2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased ________.A)at an annual rate of 8 percentB)at an annual rate of 3.9 percentC)by 800,000D)by 2.5 million3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?A)38% B)10% C)30% D)20%4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A)They give them chances for international study or internship.B)They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.C)They offer them various courses in international politics.D)They organize a series of seminars on world economy.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities ‘globalization is ________.A)Yale‘s establishing branch campuses throughout the worldB)Yale‘s student exchange program with E uropean institutionsC)Yale‘s helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsD)Yale‘s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research.6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A)It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.B)It was intentionally created by Stanford University.C)It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.D)It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A)It has increased by 3 percent.B)It doubled between 1998 and 2003.C)It has been unsteady for years.D)It has been more than sufficient.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by ________.9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ________.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and ________.PartⅢ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Section A11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.B) The man should buy a car of his own.C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.13.A) Get more food and drinks.B) Ask his friend to come over.C) Tidy up the place.D) Hold a party.14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.D) The woman should contact John Smith first.15.A) He understands the woman's feelings.B) He has gone through a similar experience.C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.D) The teacher is just following the regulations.16.A) She will meet the man halfway.B) She will ask David to talk less.C) She is sorry the man will not come.D) She has to invite David to the party.17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.18.A) Check their computer files.B) Make some computations.C) Study a computer program.D) Assemble a computer.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.B) It requires him to work long hours.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.D) It helps him understand people better.20.A) It is intellectually challenging.B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.D) It demands physical endurance and patience.21.A) In a hospital.B) At a coffee shop.C) At a laundry.D) In a hotel.22.A) Getting along well with colleagues.B) Paying attention to every detail.C) Planning everything in advance.D) Knowing the needs of customers.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A) The pocket money British children get.B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.C) The things British children spend money on.D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.24.A) It enables children to live better.B) It goes down during economic recession.C) It often rises higher than inflation.D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.25.A) Save up for their future education.B) Pay for small personal things.C) Buy their own shoes and socks.D) Make donations when necessary. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26.A) District managers.B) Regular customers.C) Sales directors.D) Senior clerks.27.A) The support provided by the regular clients.B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.D) The important part played by district managers.28.A) Some of them were political-minded.B) Fifty percent of them were female.C) One third of them were senior managers.D) Most of them were rather conservative.29.A) He used too many quotations.B) He was not gender sensitive.C) He did not keep to the point.D) He spent too much time on details.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) State your problem to the head waiter.B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly.B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.32.A) Demand a prompt response.B) Provide all the details.C) Send it by express mail.D) Stick to the point.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A) Fashion designerB) Architect.C) City planner.D) Engineer.34.A) Do some volunteer work.B) Get a well-paid part-time job.C) Work flexible hours.D) Go back to her previous post.35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.B) It will add to the family's financial burden.C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.Section CAlmost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) ______ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41)______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) ______ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists –and (44) ________________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.Part ⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If our society ever needed a reading renaissance（复兴）, it's now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen—ager magazine, that would have 48 ,” laments a director of research and analysis. He49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would—be leisure readers to E—mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You.Video games50 problem—solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by 51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can't be gained from these other sources, from52 vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they're not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that's a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data53 last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic's long—term trend assessment, the number of 17—year—olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the55 of 17—year—olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation's youth have56 constant over the past two decades with an encouraging upswing among 9—year—olds. But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.A. percentB. remainedC. roseD. ratesE. percentageF. countedG. relievedH. presentI. BelievingJ. releasedK. forcing L. improve M. Styles N. building O. attributesSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, alth ough it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae （or job history）, with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your n ame, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns.A）informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB）promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC）divides available jobs into various typesD）informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because. A）there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB）there are so many top level jobs availableC）there are so many people out of workD）the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would.A）write an initial letter giving their life historyB）pass some exams before applying for a jobC）have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD）keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.A）something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB）hinted information about the personality of the applicantC）one's advantages over others in applying for the jobD）an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because.A）there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB）there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC）jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD）the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time,rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent—controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low—paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages. Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictio ns. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may.A）cause a shortage of apartmentsB）worry those who rent apartments as homesC）increase the profits of landlordsD）encourage landlords to invest in building apartment63. According to the critics, rent control.A）will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB）is unnecessaryC）will bring negative effects in the long runD）is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise.A）if the minimum wage is set too highB）if the minimum wage is set too lowC）if the workers are unskilledD）if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us.A）the relationship between supply and demandB）the possible results of government controlsC）the necessity of government controlD）the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A）The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B）Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C）Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D）Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.Part ⅤCloze （15 minutes）Rumor is the most ___67___way of spreading stories—by passing them on from mouth___68___mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better ___69___ of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and___70___, ___71___, rumor ___72__ and becomes widespread. At such ___73___ the different kinds of news are in___74___,the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine.Especially ___75___ rumors spread when war requires censorship(审查，检查) on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer ___76___ enough information. Since the people cannot learn ___77___ legitimate(合法的，正规的) channel s all ___78___ they are anxious to learn, they pick up “news”___79___they can and when this ___80___, rumor thrives.Rumors are often repeated ___81___ by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is ___82___the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims—the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to___83___directly. Pessimistic(悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are___84___and anxious. ___85___rumors about record production orpeace soon coming point to complacency(满足，自得) or confidence—and often to ___86___.67. A) primitive B) important C) impossible D) outstanding68. A) till B) to C) for D) by69. A) means B) ways C) sources D) resource70. A) confusion B) peace C) prosperity D) worried71. A) and B) however C) so D) therefore72. A) emerges B) immerge C) immerse D) immense73. A) time B) the times C) times D) the time74. A) compete B) competition C) common D)harmony75. A) do B) did C) are D) were76. A) give up B) give off C) give out D) send off77. A) through B) by C) in D) across78. A) what B) why C) which D) that79. A) wherever B) where C) whatever D) what80. A) happened B) would happen C) happens D) happen81. A) ever B) even C) forever D) much82. A) that B) what C) why D) how83. A) act B) voice C) behave D) do84. A) happy B) relieved C) crazy D) worried85. A) Bad B) Pessimistic C) Optimistic D) Good86. A) overconfidence B) overweight C) overconsiderate D) overproducePart ⅥTranslation （5 minutes）Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that __________________________ (我都拿不定主意买哪一种).88. The light in the office is still on._________________________ (他忘记关了).89. His composition was so confusing that _____________________________ (我简直看不懂).90.As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like __________________________ (吃饭不消化).91._______________________ (他的回答是这样) that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.。

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Diredicms: F,or this part, you are allowed 80 m切utes to write on t比topic Changes切t妇Way of 加nsportation.You should write at妇t120叹证but no mo兀than180 wcn:ls.Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section ,沪u will hear three叱呤reports.At the e叫of each news report , 沪u will hear two or three questions. 胚h the news repat and the questio心will be spoken only once. After you hear a q也s tion,you m心t choose the be.st皿”吧r from the four choices m叮尥d A), B),'C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on儿田叩,r Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.妇tio四1and 2 are based on the news nport you have J ust heard1.A) He wanted to buy a home.C)He lost a huge swn of money.B)He suffered from a shoclc.D) He did an unusual good deed.2.A) Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.C)Give some money to the waiter.B)Tell her story to the Dally Ne叩．D)Pay the waiter's school tuition.Q氏吐ms3 and 4 are based on the news report yo11 have Just heard.3.A) Wh e ther CX'not to move·to the state's mainland.B)How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.C)Where�get the funds f or rebuilding their village.D)What to do about the rising level of the seawater.4.A) It takes too long a time.C)It has to wait for the state's final approval,B)It costs too much money.D) It faces·strong opposition from many villagers. Q酝凸叩s S to 7 are based on the news report you have压beard.5.A) To in代stigate whether people are grateful for help.B)To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.C)To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.D)To find out how people express gratitude.6.A) They induced strangers to tallc with them.B)They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.C)They held doors open for people at various places.D)They interviewed people who didn't say thank y ou.7.A) People can be educated to be grateful.C)Most people have bad days now and then.B)Most people express gratitude for help.D)People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.四级2020年12月242020年12月大学英语四级考试真题（二）答案与详解Part IWriting 结构框图：r -e : ，第1段引出话题并提出观点：近几十年来，中国的交通方式发生了巨变，给：I I我们的生活带来了巨大影响。