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不同氮源与浓度对苹果啤酒发酵及风味的影响

DOI :10.13746/j.njkj.2015104基金项目:国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFG31770)。

收稿日期:2015-03-16作者简介:韩东(1989-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为酿酒技术,E -mail :orange_1101@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c23193977.html, 。

通讯作者:景建洲(1964-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为植物基因工程和食品安全检测,E -mail :821952650@https://www.doczj.com/doc/c23193977.html, 。

优先数字出版时间:2015-07-10;地址:https://www.doczj.com/doc/c23193977.html,/kcms/detail/52.1051.TS.20150710.0926.003.html 。不同氮源与浓度对苹果啤酒发酵及风味的影响

韩东1,2,3,李红2,3,景建洲1

(1.郑州轻工业学院食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州450002; 2.中国食品发酵工业研究院,北京100015;

3.中德发酵酒品质与安全国际联合研究中心,北京100015)

摘要:以酿酒酵母D 为实验菌株,苹果浓缩汁和麦芽汁为原料,添加硫酸铵、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵、氯化铵和碳

酸氢铵为氮源,分析研究氮源种类及浓度对苹果啤酒发酵及风味的影响。结果表明,在相同发酵条件下,添加氮源

可以提高酵母酒精发酵力,且在不同氮源浓度时酒精度和双乙酰与空白处理差异显著(P <0.05),其中添加氯化铵

和硫酸铵的苹果啤酒酒精度整体偏高;磷酸铵和碳酸氢铵经不同浓度处理后,总酸含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势;随着

氮源浓度的增加,苹果啤酒中高级醇的含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势;空白处理的苹果啤酒中总挥发酯含量显著

低于其他水平处理(P <0.05),其中经碳酸氢铵处理的苹果啤酒中酯类含量增加最明显。

关键词:苹果啤酒;氮源;酿酒酵母;发酵性能;风味;啤酒

中图分类号:TS262.5;TS262.54文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-9286(2015)10-0005-05

Effects of Different Varieties/Concentration of Nitrogen Source on the Fermentation and the Flavor of Apple Beer

HAN Dong 1,2,3,LI Hong 2,3and JING Jianzhou 1

(1.School of Food and Bioengineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou,He'nan 450002; 2.China National

Research Institute of Food &Fermentation Industries,Beijing 100015; 3.Sino-Germany United

Research Center of Fermented Alcohol Quality and Safety,Beijing 100015,China)

Abstract :In order to investigate the effects of different varieties/concentration of nitrogen source on the fermentation and the flavor of apple beer,in this experiment,S.cerevisiae D was used as the test strain,concentrated apple juice and wort used as raw materials,and ammonium sul-fate,ammonium phosphate,diammonium hydrogen phosphate,ammonium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate were used as nitrogen source respectively.The results showed that,under the same fermentation conditions,the addition of nitrogen source could improve the fermenting power of yeast,and there was significant difference in alcohol degree and diacetyl between treatment group (treated by different nitrogen source)and normal control group (p <0.05);apple beer with the addition of ammonium chloride/ammonium sulfate had higher alcohol con-tent;total acids content increased gradually after different concentration treatment of ammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate;along with the increase of nitrogen concentration,the content of higher alcohol in apple beer declined at first and increased afterwards;total volatile esters content was significantly lower than others (P <0.05)in normal control group,and there was quite significant increase in esters content in apple beer with the addition of ammonium bicarbonate.

Key words :apple beer;nitrogen source;S.cerevisiae ;fermentation performance;flavor;beer

苹果啤酒实际是苹果汁发酵型啤酒,就是在发酵过

程中添加苹果汁酿造而成的,这种啤酒不但保持了啤酒

原有风味,同时具备水果的清新和啤酒的醇香[1]。酵母

菌在苹果啤酒发酵过程中起着至关重要的作用,其发酵

力的强弱,副产物的多少,不仅直接影响产品的品质,而

且间接影响产品风味[2]。

氮源是酵母生长所必需的营养物质之一,其选择直

接影响了苹果啤酒的质量。研究表明:并不是所有的含

氮物质都能被酵母用于细胞代谢途径,而能被酵母利用的含氮物质称为可同化氮[3]。普遍认为,单独依靠苹果麦汁中的可发酵性糖来进行苹果啤酒的发酵,不能保证啤酒的稳定性[4],要有足够的可同化氮源才行,同时酵母细胞通过这些含氮物质来完成自身的代谢活动[5]。初始的氮源浓度与最终酒精度产量之间也存在显著相关性[6]。因此,确保苹果麦汁中的含氮物质的含量来满足正常及快速的发酵具有非常重要的意义。

酿酒科技2015年第10期(总第256期)·LIQUOR -MAKING SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY 2015No .10(Tol .256)

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