2006年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题预测 第一部分 英译汉 Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year. "It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat. "The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it." A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. 第二部分：汉译英 维护世界和平，增进共同发展，谋求合伙共赢，是各国人民旳共同愿望，也是不可抗拒旳当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合伙旳旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一种持久和平、共同繁华旳和谐世界。 中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民旳主线利益与各国人民旳共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性旳国防政策。中国旳国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，保证明现全面建设小康社会旳宏伟目旳。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定旳坚定力量。 中国在经济不断发展旳基本上推动国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益旳需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作 为国防和军队建设旳重要指引方针，积极推动中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。 韩教师参照译文： 随着全球变暖，海冰逐渐融化，海水水位上涨，侵蚀着北极圈附近旳沿海居住区。 位于俄罗斯东北海岸旳拜考夫斯凯村（Bykovsky）居住着457名村民，这里旳海岸线逐渐受到侵蚀，每年以15至18英尺旳速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。 “这里事实上是永冻层，全是冰，而目前冰层都在融化。”对于生活在北极圈以北旳400万居民来说，气候变化带来了新机遇，但也对她们旳生活环境和住所构成了威胁。诸多居民世代生活在冰天雪地旳荒野里，形成了自己独特旳文化习俗，气候变化给本地文化保护工作也同样带来了威胁。 随着北冰洋海冰日渐融化，人们开始加速开发北极地区，这对于生活在极地旳居民来说利弊兼有。在巴伦支海和卡拉海地区发现了大型油田后，人们不禁紧张，满载着石油（不久后还会有液化气）旳船只穿行斯堪旳纳维亚沿岸旳渔场前去欧洲和北美市场旳途中也许会发生劫难性事故。随着北极地区能源工业旳蓬勃发展，发电厂、烟囱和大型运送工具等配套设备、设施相继建立或浮现，这片未被人类染指旳净土也终将会受到污染。 阿拉斯加也面临海岸线遭受侵蚀旳问题。对此，美国政府筹划对因纽特人居住旳几种村庄进行迁移，每个村庄旳迁移成本估计在1亿美元以上。

2022年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.NARSAQ, Greenland —as icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the populati on here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,〞said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.〞But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 —perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq. It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T.Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s miningbureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.〞The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2022, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,〞 said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,〞 he said.But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenla nd, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,〞said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.〞Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美妙梦想的向往和追求。

2006年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题第一部分：英译汉Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu."It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak," said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. "But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic."The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded. But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of EuropeanUnion experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent,Lee said: "We don't know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now."Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.第二部分：汉译英25年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。

2004年5月翻译资格考试英语三级笔译综合能力真题及答案Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. Grover Cleveland was the first president in the White House.A. got marriedB. to get marriedC. has got marriedD. was married2. If cauliflowers are not from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.A. protectedB. shelterC. shadeD. saved3. The gas from the tank is dangerous.A. given offB. giving outC. giving awayD. given up4. When it started to snow, we turned round and the hotel.A. got byB. searched forC. made forD. cleared up5. Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived hope.A. inB. forC. onD. through6. Rice is the food of most Southeast Asians.A. commonB. generalC. stapleD. popular7. William Byrd was the owner of the largest library in colonial .A. periodB. timeC. timesD. periods8. Exobiology is the study of life other planets.A. inB. atC. onD. to9. The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States, was drawn up with the help of Benjamin Franklin.A. andB. alsoC. as well asD. so too10. It was from the Lowell Laboratory that the ninth, Pluto, was sighted in 1930.A. planetB. constellationC. stardomD. satellite11. The rodent, incisor-like teeth in both jaws.A. made upB. includingC. consistingD. constitute12.into oceans and rivers is a serious form of pollution.A. Pouring sewageB. Emptying litterC. Throwing garbageD. Dumping sewage13. Products which are made from dirts and are high temperatures are known as ceramics.A. tempered inB. subjected toC. exposed toD. baked in14. A pigment called melanin protects the layers of skin from sun rays.A. underB. belowC. underlyingD. underneath15. Oranges are a source of vitamin C.A. wellB. betterC. goodD. very16. Even after having their grandchildren live with them for ten years, the couple felt thatchildren these days was the most difficult of all family matters.A. risingB. raisingC. caringD. taking care17. The most important of the farmers in Iraq is dates, of which Iraq is the worlds leading exporter.A. economic cropB. cash cropC. money cropD. staple18. More has been learned about the Moon than any other of the Earth’s neighbors in space because of the Apollo program, which enabled men to walk on the Moon and bring back hundreds of pounds of.A. rocksB. rockC. stoneD. stones19. the variety that the average family has in beaf, fish, poultry, and vegetarian recipes, they find most meals unexciting.A. In spiteB. InspiteC. Despite ofD. Despite20. The speaker have criticized the paraprofessionals, knowing full well that they were seated in the audience.A. should not toB. must notC. ought not toD. may notPart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21.Iceland has the oldest parliament, which goes as far back to 930 A.D. when Althing, the legislative organization, was established.A. officeB. adobeC. assemblyD. building22. The only problem with the debate last week was that the beginning sounded more like a personal attack than a dispassionate, intellectual arguing.A. discussionB. argumentC. talkD. speech23. Susan Jones was at the bus stop well on time to take the 7:01 bus, but she had to miss her breakfast to do it.A. catch up withB. catchC. run up toD. be catching24. Since her father could not drive her to the airport, she requested her uncle to drive her instead.A. takeB. bringC. dispatchD. deliver25. A famous collection of Persian, Indian, and Arabian folktales, the Arabian Nights was supposedly told by the legendary queen Scheherazade to her husband every night for 1,001 days.A. imaginary B imageryC. fabledD. legend26. What may be the oldest fossil footprint yet found was discovered in June 1968 by William J. Meister, a non-professional fossil collector.A. a part-timeB. a spare-timeC. an untrainedD. an amateur27. Most of us think of sharks as dangerous, owing to lack of information rather than fear.A. due toB. becauseC. asD. for28. Double Eagle II, the first trans-Atlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A. eagerB. surgingC. appreciativeD. vigorous29. The discovery of the connection between aspirin and Reyessyndrome, a rare and deadly ailment, is a recent example of the caution with which drugs must be used, even for medical purposes.A. diseaseB. sickC. illD. illness30. My parents moved out of their old home sometime last year after they had celebrated their 50th year there.A. anniversaryB. years oldC. ageD. wedding31. The library she worked in lent books, magazines, audio-cassettes and maps to its customers, who could keep them for four weeks.A. borrowersB. lendersC. patronsD. clients32. A common question that people ask a story writer is whether or not he has experienced what he has written about.A. fictionB. scienceC. imaginaryD. literary33. At the World Literacy Center, an organization that works to help people read, the helpers work hard, enabling them to successfully reach their goals.A. assistantsB. volunteersC. part-timersD. amateurs34. The officers made it clear that they were letting her go only because that she was old and not because she was above suspicion.A. for reasonB. due toC. because ofD. on the grounds35. The book, which is a useful guide for today’s young people, deals with many questions and problems that face them at school and at home as well as in society.A. are facedB. confrontC. in oppositionD. meetPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. All don’t have a free ticket must pay the admission fee.A. Ever yone who doesn’t have a free ticketB. No one who doesn’t have a free ticketC. No one who has free ticketsD. Anyone who has free tickets37. When I last saw them, the police had chased the robbers down Columbus Street.A. were chasingB. was chasingC. chasedD. were on a chase38. Erosion that is a slow process, but it constantly changes the features on the surface of the earth.A. which isB. althoughC. beingD. is39. When an organism is completely encapsulated and preserved, it becomes a fossil, therefore turning into evidence of things that once lived.A. therebyB. as a result ofC. soD. in the end40. The pictures of the Loch Ness Monster show a remarkable resemblance to a plesiosaur, a large water reptile of the Mesozoic era presuming extinct for more than 70 million years.A. supposedB. presumablyC. presumptuousD. is presumed41. In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, there are perhaps 200 billion stars, a small part of them probably have planets on which life is feasible.A. a small fraction in whichB. a small fraction of whichC. a small fraction whichD. which a fraction of42. “But you’ll be able to come, won’t you?〞“Yes, I think such.〞A. thatB. itC. soD. this43. The professor is quite difficult pleased.A. to pleaseB. to be pleasedC. for pleasingD. pleasing44. Because everyone knows, facts speak louder than words.A. SinceB. ThatC. ItD. As45. The trapeze artist who ran away with the clown broke up the lion tamer’s heart.A. broke awayB. broke downC. brokeD. broken down46. His heavy drinking and fond of gambling makes him a poor role model.A. and fact that he gamblesB. and that he gamblesC. and he gambles whichD. and gambling47. Depression that inflicts people who believe their lives lack content when the rush of the busy week stops referred to by a prominent psychiatrist as Sunday Neurosis.A. has been referred to by a prominent psychiatristB. has been referred to as by a prominent psychiatristC. a prominent psychiatrist has referred to itD. it has been referred to by a prominent psychiatrist48. Just as there are occupations that require college degrees also there are occupations for which technical training is necessary.A. so to there areB. so too there areC. so there areD. so too are there49. Most of the older civilizations which flourished during the fifth century B.C. are died out.A. they have died outB. has died outC. have died outD. they had died out50. The student asked her professor if he would have gone on the space ship he didknow earlier.A. if he knewB. if he knowsC. he had knownD. had he knownSection 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minute.Questions 51－56 are based on the following passage.Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck’s constant. It is now recogni zed as one of the fundamental constants of the world.Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, among other fields.51. In which of the following fields did Max Planck not make a significant contribution?A. Optics.B. Thermodynamics.C. Statistical mechanics.D. Biology.52. The w ord “revolutionary〞 as used in line 16 means .A. radicalB. extremistC. momentousD. militaristic53. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck’s work led to the development of which of the following?A. The rocket.B. The atomic bomb.C. The internal combustion engine.D. The computer.54. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as .A. quantumsB. atomsC. electronsD. valences55. The implication in this passage is that .A. only a German physicist could discover such a theoryB. quantum theory, which led to the development of twentieth century physics, is basically a mathematical formulaC. Planck’s constant was not discernible before 1900D. radiation was hard to study56. “An idea〞 as used in line 5, refers to .A. a model of matterB. emission of electromagnetic radiationC. quantumsD. the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequenciesQuestions 57－62 are based on the following passage.There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called “baseball〞. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country —“town ball〞, “rounders〞, or “one old cat〞. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game.Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine-player team were widely adopted by other clubs andformed the basis of modern baseball. The game w as played on a “diamond〞 infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Baseball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869.57. Which of the following is true about the origins of baseball?A. Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday.B. Baseball, as played in the early 19th century, differed very little from today’s game.C. As early as the 1700s, English boys played a game called “baseball.〞D. The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century.58. What was the first professional baseball team called?A. New York Knickerbockers.B. Milwaukee Braves.C. Cincinnati Red Stockings.D. Brooklyn Dodgers.59. Who first gave baseball a standard set of rules?A. Abner Doubleday.B. Alexander Cartwright.C. Albert Spalding.D. Babe Ruth.60. Which of the following was not a predecessor of baseball?A. Rounders.B. Town ball.C. Cricket.D. One old cat.61. The tone of the passage is .A. persuasiveB. informativeC. biasedD. argumentative62. The passage implies that until 1869, baseball was played for all of the following reasonsexcept .A. exerciseB. leisureC. profitD. socializingQuestions 63－68 are based on the following passage.The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, green water is commonly seen near coasts, especially in tropical or subtropical regions. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownish-red. Near the shore, silt or sediment in suspension can give water a brownish hue. Outflow of large rivers can often be observed many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles.Marine phytoplankton (Greek for “plant wanderers〞) are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and blue-green algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photosynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance of nutrient enrichment via vertical mixing, which is often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are one-celled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with species-specific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, electron scanning microscopists.63. Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by .A. sand colorB. red pigments in coastal watersC. blue pigmentD. reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life64. Phytoplankton are the source of which color pigment?A. Red.B. Green.C. Yellow.D. Blue.65. What can give waters a brownish hue near the shore?A. Sediment.B. Phytoplankton.C. Blue pigment.D. Diatoms.66. Which of the following is not a type of phytoplankton?A. Green algae.B. Diatoms.C. Blue-green algae.D. Amoeba.67. The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by the availability of .A. oxygenB. hydrogenC. nitrogenD. carbon dioxide68. The main idea of this passage is that .A. light causes sea colorB. sea coloration is varied because of a combination of length of light waves and microscopic plant life and siltC. microscopic plant life causes sea colorD. water composition causes sea colorQuestions 69－75 are based on the following passage.The United States government publishes guidelines for appropriate nutrient intakes. These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in nutrition. RDAs are suggested amounts of calories, protein, and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet. For other dietary substances, specific goals must await further research. However, for the U.S. population as a whole, increasing starch and fiber in one’s diet and reducing calories (primarily from fats, sugar, and alcohol) is sensible. These suggestions are especially appropriate for people who have other factors for chronic diseases due to family historyof obesity, premature heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol, or for those who use tobacco.Snacks can furnish about one-fourth of the calorie requirements among teenagers. Those snacks should also pr ovide much of the day’s allowances for protein, minerals, and vitamins. Sandwiches, fruit, and milk make good snacks for active teenagers. Food from the food pyramid may be part of any meal. A grilled cheese sandwich or a bowl of whole-grain cereal is just as nutritious in the morning as it is at noon. In addition, a good breakfast consists of any foods that supply about one-fourth of the necessary nutrients for the day.69. The passage directly states that most of the U.S. population should increase their intake of.A. proteinB. fatsC. starch and fiberD. sandwiches70. A good breakfast should supply about what percentage of the necessary nutrients for the day?A. One-half.B. One-third.C. One-fourth.D. Less than one-fourth.71. The passage implies which of the following?A. The time of day when food is consumed affects its nutritive value.B. Different foods can be combined to increase total nutrition value.C. It can be detrimental to your health to eat breakfast foods later in the day.D. When food is eaten has no bearing on its nutritive effects.72. Why are RDAs regularly updated?A. New discoveries in the science of nutrition are constantly being made.B. Americans’ diets are constantly changing.C. As people age, their nutritional needs change.D. Very little is currently known about nutrition.73. In this passage RDAs refers to .A. types of vitaminsB. types of proteinC. types of mineralsD. amounts of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals74. One implication in this passage is that .A. all RDAs have been establishedB. not all RDAs have been established yetC. it’s not important to know RDAsD. RDAs are necessary only for sick people75. The reduction of calories in the diet is particularly good for people who suffer from .A. obesityB. premature heart disease and diabetesC. high blood pressure and cholesterol levelsD. all of the aboveQuestions 76－81 are based on the following passage.The most popular organic gem is the pearl. A pearl is the response of a marine mollusk to the presence of an irritating impurity accidentally introduced into its body;a cultured pearl is the result of the intentional insertion of a mother-of-pearl bead into a live mollusk. Whether introduced accidentally or intentionally, the pearl-making process is the same: the mollusk coats the irritant with a substance called nacre. Nacre is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. Because very few natural pearls are now on the market, most pearls used in fine jewelry are cultured.These include “Biwa〞 pearls and most other freshwater pearls. Cultured pearls are not easily distinguished from natural pearls except by an expert.76. Which of the following people could tell the difference between a cultured pearl and an organic pearl?A. Scuba diver.B. Fisherman.C. Jeweler.D. Clerk.77. What is the chief component of nacre?A. Sand.B. Bead.C. Calcium carbonate.D. Biwa.78. The difference between a pearl and a cultured pearl is the nature of the .A. colorB. introduction of the irritating impurityC. coating materialD. irritating impurity79. Nacre is a substance that is .A. mechanically manufacturedB. the result of laboratory testingC. organically secreted by the molluskD. present in the chemical composition of freshwater pounds80. The main idea in this passage is that .A. most marketable pearls are cultured because nature does not produce enough of its own to satisfy the marketB. cultured pearls are of a higher quality than natural pearlsC. there are two major methods of pearl-makingD. a natural “d rought〞 of pearl production is taking place81. Cultured pearl is formed by .A. insertion of a pearl into a live molluskB. an oyster into which a piece of grit has been placedC. putting in a live molluskD. placing a bead into cultureQuestions 82－87 are based on the following passage.Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact,that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you’re a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, “taking it easy〞 at the beach on a beautiful day may be extremely frustrating, nonproductive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from “doing nothing.〞 Too much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure, ulcers, or even heart disease. Physical stress from work or exercise is not likely to cause such ailments. The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress.82. Which of the following people would find “taking it easy〞 stressful?A. Construction workers.B. Business executives.C. Farm workers.D. Truck drivers.83. Which of the following would be a determinant as to what people find stressful?A. Personality.B. Education.C. Marital status.D. Shoe size.84. This article, published by the Department of Health and Human Services, probably came from the .A. Federal Bureau of InvestigationB. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health AdministrationC. Education AdministrationD. Communicable Diseases Administration85. A source of stress not specifically mentioned in this passage is .A. educational activityB. physical activityC. mental activityD. emotional activity86. Physical problems caused by emotional stress can appear as all of the following except .A. ulcersB. pregnancyC. heart diseaseD. high blood pressure87. One method mentioned to help handle stress is .A. physical exerciseB. tranquilizersC. drugsD. taking it easyQuestions 88－92 are based on the following passage.With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia (精神分裂症). “Psychotic〞 means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Some people have only one such psychotic episode. Others have many episodes during a lifetime but lead relatively normal lives during interim periods. The individual with chronic (continuous or recurring) schizophrenia often does not fully recover normal functioning and typically requires long-term treatment, generally including medication, to control the symptoms. These symptoms may include hallucinations (幻觉), incoherence, delusions, lack of judgment, deterioration of the abilities to reason and feel emotion, and a lack of interaction between the patient and his environment. The hallucinations may be a visual, auditory, or tactile. Some chronic schizophrenic patients may never be able to function without assistance of one sort or another.88. Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?A. Hallucinations.B. Delusions.C. Incoherence.D. Vertigo.89. It can be inferred from the passage that a person experiencing acute schizophrenia most likely.A. cannot live without medicationB. cannot go on livingC. can hold a full-time jobD. cannot distinguish real from unreal90. According to this passage, thinking that one can fly might be an example of .A. medicine overdoseB. being out of touch with realityC. recovering normal functioningD. symptom control91. The passage suggests that the beginning of severe psychotic symptoms of acute schizophrenia may be any of the following except.A. debilitatingB. sudden occurrenceC. occurring after a long period of normalcyD. drug-induced92. The passage implies that normal life may be possible for the chronicschizophrenic with the help of.A. medicinesB. neurotic episodesC. psychotic episodesD. timeQuestions 93－100 are based on the following passage.Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap.For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users. Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the 19th century, there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States.A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body’s reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crushing the tablets in milk or orange juice.93. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Aspirin is good to arthritis sufferers.B. Aspirin may be used as suicide drug.C. Aspirin is dangerous to small children.D. Aspirin has unrecognizable side effects.94. The second paragraph points out that.A. aspirin is always safeB. aspirin can be dangerousC. aspirin has been long usedD. aspirin is not truly effective95. Aspirin was invented in .A. the 20th centuryB. the 19th centuryC. ancient GreeceD. ancient Germany96. The third paragraph describes the of aspirin.A. uses。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived________hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。

第2题________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】语法应用。

本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。

第3题Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgive his lows.A youngstersB noblesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

2022年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school.But Europe beckoned.In his West African homeland, Mr. Jallows salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambias largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,〞 he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.〞The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta.The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans Experts say thousands more —many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them.But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch.“It keeps the hunger away,〞 he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges andvegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallows From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches.“There is everything in there,〞 said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.〞The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters.“So many lies,〞he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.〞Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,〞he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying? What have you been doing with yourself, Amadou? They think in Europe there is money all over.〞The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Ca?amero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers.Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their familys life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.今年是中国参加世贸组织 10 周年。

2023年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译快速练习题更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!英译中(选自2023年11月纽约时报)Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.在蒂昂戈利(Thiengoly)，老人们常说起过去树木繁多、遮天蔽日的景象。

而如今，这座塞纳加尔西北部的村庄已经被棕红色的沙土包围，剩下的只有星星点点的灌木和树木。

枯燥的动物粪便四处散落，枯草却难觅踪迹。

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in theregion.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has bee too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”人类学家吉勒斯·博尔特斯(Gilles Boetsch)说，撒哈拉沙漠情况恶化加速，主要原因是过度放牧和气候变化。

2006 年5 月CATTI 二级笔译综合能力试题及答案Section 1: V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all _____to us.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfactoryD. satisfying2. Part of the funds will be used to _____ that old library to its original splendor.A. restB. recoverC. replaceD. restore3. This silk has gone right _____ and we have not sold a single piece ofit for weeks.A. out of fadB. out of patternC. out of customD. out of fashion4. The new Personal Digital Assistance contained a large _____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. account5. Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.A. ignoredB. exaltedC. eradicatedD. canceled6. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, many local governments hesitate to adopt them.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. BecauseD. Moreover7. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the bodyof a runner, _____ to the body.A. the stress it is greaterB. greater is the stressC. greater stress isD. the greater the stress8. Annie Jump Cannon, _____ discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”A. a leading astronomer,B. who, as a leading astronomer,C. was a leading astronomer,D. a leading astronomer who9. Kingdom of Wonders, _____ in 1995 in Fremont, Calif., became an industry legend for two toys: a talking bear and a ray-gun game.A. findB. foundC. foundedD. founding10. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. to occurC. occursD. occur11. Only one-fifth of Americans saw oil as the chief reason that the U.S. made a war on Iraq, but 75 percent of the French and of the Russians believed _____.A. toB. soC. goD. do12. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice oftranslation continues to _____.A. stackB. stageC. stagnateD. stamp13. Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of _____, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.A. mindB. ideaC. intentionD. wish14. If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right wayof doing things, you find yourself _____ under pressures.A. variablyB. invariablyC. invaluablyD. invalidly15. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _____, with an enormous black mustache.A. neck-lessB. neck-laceC. recklessD. rack-less16. Home to _____ and gangsters, officials and laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that exhibited all thehues of the human character.A. magnatesB. magnetsC. machinesD. magnitudes17. His _____ behavior made everyone nervous. He was always rushing to open doors and perform other small tasks, apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that he might have caused.A. obliviousB. observantC. obsequiousD. obsolescent18. He was completely __________ by her tale of hardship.A. taken awayB. taken downC. taken inD. taken up19. Americans who consider themselves _____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. patriarchD. patriotic20. As technological advances put more and more time between early school life and the young person's final access to specialized work, the stageof _____ becomes an even more marked and conscious period.A. adolescenceB. adjacencyC. advantageD. adventurePart 2 V ocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.A. ferventB. obsessiveC. secretD. unreturned22. For a long time in that vast region, this law was in abeyance.A. in active useB. in doubtC. in discussionD. in disuse23. A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him.A. declare he is not guiltyB. pardon himC. condemn himD. persecute him24. There are more people who are obese today than 20 years ago.A. gainfully employedB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated25. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.A. enthusiasticB. nervousC. painfulD. extreme26. When insects feed on decaying plant material in a compost pile, they help turn it into useful garden soil.A. availableB. organicC. distastefulD. decomposing27.Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human speech.A. importB. imitateC. impairD. humor28. The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism and realism is one of the standard clichés of the ongoing debate over international affairs.A. division into two partsB. combination of two partsC. disparityD. contradiction29. Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the amount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.A. DevicesB. HypothesesC. EffortsD. Suggestions30. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civilsuits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. supremacyB. authorityC. guidanceD. obedience31. The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was going on was noticeable to everyone.A. discordB. discoveryC. rivalryD. cooperation32. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire33. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogeneous toys.”A. identicalB. homosexualC. unrelatedD. distinguishable34. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.A. deservedB. retainedC. renewedD. advanced35. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter a callingblighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.A. powerfulnessB. unwillingnessC. renaissanceD. apologeticnessPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined partthat indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought thatis tersely andingeniously expressed.A. asB. as beC. as beenD. to being37. Upon completing his examination over the patient, the doctor offeredhis judgment of her conditions.A. ofB. offC. aboutD. around38. If they spend some time on Chinese history, they will be more ableto predict China’s future.A. moreB. be ableC. betterD. better able39. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.A. byB. backC. fromD. back from40. He was looking impatient at the visiting salesman, who showed no signs of getting ready to leave.A. patientB. patienceC. impatienceD. impatiently41. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved42. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people, and even for pets.A. before young, healthy persons available only,B. available only to young, healthy persons before,C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,D. before young and healthy persons only available to,43. Following a year of fast development, by the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websites.A. China had about 1,100 e-commerce websites by the end of last MarchB. by the end of the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100e-commerce websitesC. by the end of this recent past March, China has about 1,100 e-commerce websitesD. by the end of this first quarter, China had about 1,100 or so e-commerce websites44. Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.A. programs in enterprises / high level interpretersB. programs in international business / senior interpretersC. program in international biz / senior interpretationsD. programs of business / high-level interpretations45. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. were against because they said they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. were against it because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t46. While it is essential that the text covers the subject adequately,it is also important that it is neither too detailed or too complex forthe intended reader.A. forB. norC. noD. not47. Consumer porcelains in Jingdezhen are not selling well in export market as compared with those made in Liling, Hunan Province and Zibo, Shandong Province.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market48. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.A. a market with a sales value that might beB. a market which might be sales valueC. a market with sale value might beD. market with sales might be a value49. As an English major student, I think business English is more practical than other fields.A. a English student / fieldB. a English major student / regionsC. an English major / coursesD. an English student major /sciences50. We should let more young parents and their children can enjoy scientific early education.A. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early educationB. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education andscientificC. provide young parents and their children enjoy more scientific early educationD. provide young parents and their children with more early education servicesSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B,C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as requiredon your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51－60 are based on the following passage.Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need forsocial control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable. Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents functionto limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theoristswould also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First,it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.51. Social control refers to processes by which .A. norms are developedB. norms are enforcedC. people are educated and trainedD. people are rewarded and punished52. Every society has its own .A. planned systemsB. controlled normsC. recognized boundaryD. established sanctions53. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following except .A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformityB. expression of disapproval by significant othersC. withholding of positive rewards for the deviantsD. people’s internalization of norms in socialization54. The most powerful protection against deviance is .A. negative sanctionsB. severe punishmentsC. the individual’s conscienceD. unrestrained suppression55. Formal agents of social control include the following except .A. police stationsB. mental hospitalsC. welfare agenciesD. vocational schools56. The purpose of formal agents is .A. to make beneficial rulesB. to preserve social ordersC. to control violation of normsD. to define acceptable behavior57. Which statement about social control agents is not true?A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.58. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are .A. liberalB. partialC. neutralD. overall59. In the third paragraph, “a dual function”refers to .A. formal and informB. rewards and penaltiesC. approval and disapprovalD. clarification and regulation60. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is .A. biologicalB. sociologicalC. psychologicalD. anthropologicalQuestions 61－70 are based on the following passage.Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To theprofessional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of oneculture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of gruntsand groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward”languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things areto be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward”languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this”and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.61. Every group of human beings .A. has its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. has an extremely complex and delicate languageC. has its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. has the process of growing crops or raising animals62. To the professional linguists, .A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are .A. adequateB. numerousC. ingeniousD. ingenuous64. “Backward”languages fall behind Western languages in .A. structuresB. vocabulariesC. written formsD. sound patterns65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have .A. their own ways to transfer ideasB. their own forms to satisfy needsC. their own abilities to answer descriptionD. their own systems to expand vocabulary66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed .A. profoundlyB. intrinsicallyC. independentlyD. professionally68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one .A. to do more activitiesB. to learn about a new cultureC. to meet more peopleD. to need more names69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward”languages is .A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute70. This passage is on the whole .A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativeQuestions 71－80 are based on the following passage.The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks andcharlatans —disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find. To begin with,pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts”will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that besetmen and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Giventhe choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancerwill be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salespersonwho says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil”will curenot only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.Many “snake oil”remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that“snake oil”is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But letthere be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies”actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often canbe harmful as well.71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is .A. someone who has a special abilityB. someone who has little knowledgeC. someone who is not a good doctorD. someone who pretends to be a doctor72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition”means .A. pain seems to be very seriousB. pain seems to be very difficultC. pain seems to last for a long timeD. pain seems to be always happening73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because .A. patients pay any amount of moneyB. patients do not like their physiciansC. quacks say that they can help patientsD. best medical treatment costs very much74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are .A. those who are poorly educatedB. those who are highly educatedC. those who dislike medical treatmentsD. those who mistrust physicians’truths75. To evaluate medical claims, one must .A. turn to reputable doctorsB. make an adequate choiceC. have the necessary trainingD. disbelieve promise of relief76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are .A. uselessB. harmfulC. pleasantD. effective77. Which of the following statements is not true?A. quacks are really sympatheticB. “snake oil”does not workC. doctors cannot cure all illsD. patients are often impatient78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil”because .A. they are misled by a secret formulaB. they cannot afford a treatmentC. they lack medical knowledgeD. they do not trust physicians79. “Snake oil”is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because .A. it has actually workedB. it has some fruit stonesC. it has been misunderstoodD. it has alcohol or narcotic drugs80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Distrust of PhysiciansB. Medical TreatmentC. Snake Oil RemediesD. Guard Against QuackeryQuestions 81－90 are based on the following passage.Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact,such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keepup with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gainedan education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunityto begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skillsof the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At thesame time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors —retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living —lower the status of the aged in society. A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided withthe occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allowsfor fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears thatour life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.81. By “a system of built-in obsolescence”the author means .A. no formal systems exists in modern industrial societyB. old people have no status in modern industrial societyC. young people have chances in modern industrial societyD. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?A. People don’t have to gain educationB. People don’t have to learn job skillsC. People don’t have to be treated as equalsD. People don’t have chances to begin anew83. The more highly developed a society is, .A. the more advanced technology will beB. the larger the number of people will beC. the more diminished old people’s status will beD. the lower the overall status of the people will be84. The high development of economic technology .A. makes job skills out of fashionB. lowers the demand for workersC. forces old people into retirementD. creates new jobs for older people85. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Retired people could only live on fixed incomesB. Retired people are more skillful than young peopleC. Young people are educated in the new technologyD. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by .A. their forced retirementB. their inferior housingC. their longer life spanD. their fixed incomes87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness”means .A. we can live longer and make progressB. we can live longer and do more workC. we can live longer but move slowlyD. we can live longer but become useless88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is .A. realisticB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. sympathetic89. It can be deduced from this passage that .A. one should learn new skillsB. one should be open-mindedC. one should have a good personalityD. one should keep pace with the times90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Problem of AgingB. Social StructuresC. Economic TechnologyD. Continuing EducationQuestions 91－100 are based on the following passage.When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit,your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This isthe first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will driftdown through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night,but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fallinto slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythmwill disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves.Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed。

星蓝海学习网-考研资格考试，电子书题库，视频答案详解
2021年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实
务题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】

目录

• 第一部分 历年真题
– 英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（一）
– 英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（二）
– 英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（三）
– 英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（四）
• 第二部分 章节题库
– 第1章 英译汉
– 第2章 汉译英
• 第三部分 模拟试题
– 英语三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案（一）
– 英语三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案（二）

内容简介

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务题库包括历年真题、章节题库和
模拟试题三部分。具体如下：

第一部分为历年真题。精选4套官方考试真题，系统自动评分，既可以体验真实
考试，也可以测试自己的水平。

第二部分为章节题库。遵循《全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语笔译三级考试大纲》
和英语三级《笔译实务》考试样题，按照最新的考试题型的章目编排，共分为英译
汉和汉译英2章。
星蓝海学习网-考研资格考试，电子书题库，视频答案详解

第三部分为模拟试题。由英语三级笔译辅导名师根据历年命题规律及热门考点进行
考前预测，其试题数量、试题难度基本仿真。

2006年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese T ranslation (英译汉) (60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home. Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council."Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. V isitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing. Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends 600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Er iksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline." Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. Thisbehavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said. "During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."Section 2 Chinese-English T ranslation (汉译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.２５年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。

5月翻译三级笔译综合能力真题有答案的英语翻译三级2022年5月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ______ materials.A. primitiveB. roughC. originalD. raw2. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very______ for the students.A. hostileB. anxiousC. tediousD. obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services,______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A. employment to riseB. employment risesC. which rising employmentD. the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was ______ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A. delayedB. adjournedC. cancelledD. preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ______ in winter.A. should beB. would beC. preferredD. preferably6. Both longitude and latitude ______ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A. measuringB. measuredC. are measuredD. being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ______ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A. one anotherB. the otherC. other onesD. each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not ______ paper but hard enough so that they crumble gradually when used.A. by damagingB. so that they damageC. to damageD. damaging9. The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accidentB. at randomC. on occasionD. on average10. On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.A. departingB. descendingC. decreasingD. degenerating英语翻译三级11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______.A. circulationB. rotationC. circumstanceD. appreciation121. Hydroponics ______ the cultivation of plants without soil.A. doesB. isC. doD. are13. To impose computer technology ______ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A. withB. toC. inD. on14. Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A. rather thanB. other thanC. bigger thanD. more than15. ______ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A. What linguists callB. It is called by linguistsC. Linguists call itD. What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for ______ pottery.A. it madeB. itsC. the makingD. where its17. ______ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A. ChildrenB. Children, when theyC. As childrenD. For children to18. ______ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A. RememberingB. MemoriesC. It was the memoriesD. He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect ______ of the wind.A. from the effectsB. it the effectsC. it from the effectsD. the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a ______.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortagePart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. struggle for them.A. misleadingB. calmC. understandableD. initial22. A. profitable B. productiveC. prominentD. prompt23.英语翻译三级brain controls language.A. groups of followersB. yearsC. countriesD. fields of study24. Public relations practice is the planned and sustained effort toestablish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public.A. completeB. relatedC. intentionalD. active25. A. negative B. positiveC. strongD. useful26. important differences.A. hostilityB. friendlinessC. mannerD. culture27. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for the local people to a vast communications and A. business B. shoppingC. chattingD. meeting28. and 5 cm apart.A. develop wellB. grow tallerC. matureD. bear fruit29. A. impedes B. interferesC. holdsD. pushes30. A. only B. finalC. trueD. special31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of death and the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.A. regardB. courageC. lossD. trick32. A. imply B. persuadeC. hurlD. transform33. A. stuck to B. turnedC. led toD. gave way to34. A. essay B. writingC. characterD. manner35. Jim was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance.A. bodyB. skinC. shoulderD. passionate interestPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each英语翻译三级sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. A. Not many B. Not enoughC. Without manyD. No many37. A. native B. native withC. native byD. native to38. A. the other B. anotherC. othersD. other one39. A. its B. fastC. hardD. them40. A. outside B. appearanceC. outerD. hiding41. A. hot B. sunshineC. warmthD. safe42. A. but it is not B. but it isC. but they are notD. but they are43. A. economy B. economicsC. economicalD. economic44. A. exclude B. excludingC. includeD. are included45. 1825.A. wasB. isC. it isD. were46. Although the social sciences a great deal from one another, they share a common interest in human relationship.A. moveB. differC. changeD. varies47. ground.A. runB. runnerC. runnersD. running race48. A. time futures B. futuresC. futures timeD. future time49.英语翻译三级links with the interior of the country.A. partB. partialC. partnerD. parting50. A. but B. orC. asD. thusSection 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minutes.Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America's first black poet. She wasborn in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three being raised and educated with the Wheatley's twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis's education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have “Mrs. Wheatley's Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer's three children. Mary had tried to interest Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book publishedby a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.C. The life of America's first black poet.D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word "respect" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishmentD. behavior53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley's have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she ______.A. was not much older than Phyllis英语翻译三级B. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis's education55. The underlined word "eventually" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______A. publishersB. poemsC. childrenD. black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis's trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773 ______A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were moreinterested in religious and moral subjects59. The word "extolling" is closest in meaning to ______A. welcomingB. statingC. bemoaningD. praising60. Which of the following conclusions about Phyllis is supported by the passage?A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course: The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also requires oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of theshoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can "export" protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The relationship between a plant's roots and its shoots.B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.C. How plants can be grown without roots.D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.英语翻译三级62. The underlined word "themselves" in Paragraph 1 refers to ______A. plant physiologistsB. solutionsC. laboratory flasksD. roots63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is ______A. quite naturalB. sugar, minerals and vitaminsC. some rare vitaminsD. organic nitrogen compounds64. Roots have the ability to ______A. make proteinsB. obtain fresh airC. produce inorganic nitrogenD. carry out activities without energy65. According to the passage, what is ATP?A. A biochemical process.B. The tip of a root.C. A chemical compound.D. A type of plant cell.66. The underlined word "intact" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______A. matureB. wildC. wholeD. tiny67. The use of the phrase "comes in handy" underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the process is ______A. unavoidableB. predictableC. necessaryD. successful68. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants ______A. "export" protein in the form of amino acidsB. do not require waterC. have begun photosynthesizingD. obtain organic compounds from the root69. Which of the following best describes the organization of thepassage?A. The results of two experiments are compared.B. A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.C. The findings of an experiment are explained.D. A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.70. Where is this passage likely to be found?A. A newsletter.B. A magazine.C. A storybook.D. A novel.Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identit3, these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible tosynthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances, such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been英语翻译三级satisfactorily.Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied "new car odor."71. From the passage we can learn that ______A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dearB. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clearC. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demandD. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained fromnatural rose oil at a low cost.C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in ______A. 2022年B. 1953C. 1909D. 181074. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT ______A. aromatic ingredient in vanillaB. vanillaC. aromatic ingredient in wild cherryD. the flavor of fresh coffee75. The underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______A. make doubleB. make a copy ofC. produce something equal toD. take from76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.C. To conclude the passage.D. The smell of fresh coffee is inviting.77. ______ a substance can be synthesized.A. Upon identifying the basic components of itB. Once chemically analyzedC. When gas chromatography is usedD. If spectroscopy is adopted78. It can be inferred from the passage that ______A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehydeB. not all synthetic flavors are harmlessC. in general, the less components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesizeD. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food79. Which of the following is the best title for tile passage?A. How to Synthesize Fragrances英语翻译三级B. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to MakeC. Natural Flavorings and FragrancesD. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the lastparagraph?A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.Some people associate migration mainly with birds. Birds do travel vast distances, but mammals also migrate. cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal. These seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle begins again. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Whales eat huge quantities of plankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter, the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.81. From the passage we can learn that ______A. people migrate like animalsB. only birds migrateC. the female fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of AlaskaD. not all mammals migrate82. The phrase "An example" underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a ______A. migratory mammalB. place where animals migrateC. migrating birdD. person who associates migration with birds83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT ______A. caribouB. fin whaleC. reindeerD. Alaska fur seal84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?A. In the Pribilot Islands.B. In the Bering Sea.C. In southern California.D. In northern Canada.85. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Whales breed in winter.B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.86. Together ______ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.A. mothers and the youngB. fathers and the youngC. parents and the youngD. seals and whales87. Which of the following is NOT described in the passage?英语翻译三级A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.C. Seals breed in the north before migration.D. Reindeer feed on grass.88. Whales live on ______A. tiny plants and animals in the seaB. the grassy slopes of northern CanadaC. their young in cold winterD. the abundant seafood in tropic waters89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?A. Four.B. Three.C. Two.D. One.90. What is the best title of the passage?A. Three Types of WhalesB. Birds MigrationC. Mammals Also MigrateD. Several Kinds of MigrationElectronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2022年, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail The growth in unsolicited commercialelectronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully the source of such mall.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mall from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both. Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______英语翻译三级A. heavy e-mail trafficB. fraudulent e-mail messagesC. large volume of messagesD. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?A. It costs money to receive them.B. It's free to store them.C. It takes time to access them.D. It takes time to throw them away.93. Unwanted e-mail may ______A. cause companies to fail in businessB. cause wanted e-mail messages to loseC. damage the credit of a companyD. do good to a small company94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?A. Raising their cost.B. Raising the Internet speed.C. Improving their business.D. Attracting investment.96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______A. a machine that can be attached to your computerB. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to readC. a software that you can play a computer gameD. an e-mail that says some good words to you99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______A. the government takes actionB. a new technology is adoptedC. more people are aware of the problemD. joint efforts are made and new technology is usedSection 3: Cloze Test (20 points)In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes.risk of some sort. The house owner,英语翻译三级can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at , In other words the losses of the . Those who pay the contributions and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as , there will be more competition in their branch ofand may even have to drop So the ordinary forces of supply insurance.参考答案Section 1Part 11. D2. C3. B4. A5. D6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. B11. A 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. BPart 221. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. BPart 336. A 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. ASection 251. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. B 57. A 58. A 59. D 60. A61. A 62. A 63. B 64. A 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. D 69. C 70. B71.D 72. A 73. C 74. D 75. C 76. A 77. B 78. B 79. D 80. C81.D 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. B 86. C 87. B 88. A 89. B 90. C91. D 92. B 93. B 94. C 95. A 96. B 97. A 98. B 99. C 100. DSection 31. risks2. to3. property/house4. accident/chance5. leave6.small/certain 7. meet 8. loss/losses 9. many 10. insurance11. insured 12. premium 13. by 14. high 15. business/money16. profit 17. of 18. demand 19. level 20. buy综合解析Section 1Part 11．D [分析] 近义辨析。

第一部分历年真题英语三级笔译综合能力真题及详解（一）Section1Vocabulary and Grammar(25points)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.The time for this section is25minutes.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are 4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.Being color-blind,the school girl cannot make a_____between red and green.parisonB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference【答案】C【解析】句意:因为色盲，那个女生不能区分红色和绿色。

distinction意为“区别；差别”，make a distinction between是固定搭配，意为“(在…之间)加以区别，指出(…之间)的不同”，故C项为答案。

make a comparison between进行比较。

division分割；分歧；部门。

make a difference有影响，有关系。

2008年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 180 minutes. Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From FieldsARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources — and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,” said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we h ope it helps the environment, too.”In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target” requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 — the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 Euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 Euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks — including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,” said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An i ncrease in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,” she said. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.”In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.“New and increasing demand for bi oenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,” said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers.“Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main ra w material growing quickly to historical highs.”Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,” but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.She calculated that this approach would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume, homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the 10 percent goal: Europe’s farmers produced an estimated 2.9 billion liters, or 768 million gallons, of biofuel in 2004, far shy of the 3.4 billion gallons generated in the United States in the period. In 2005, biofuel accounted for around 1 percent of Europe’s fuel, according to European statistics, with almos t all of that in Germany and Sweden. The biofuel share in Italy was 0.51 percent, and in Britain, 0.18 percent.That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand, subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.Ms. Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its 10 percent biofuels target. Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry, while perversely generating tons of new emissions as “green” fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic, instead of coming from the farm next door.Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well — for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.Brazil, a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land, started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofu els, partly to take up “excess capacity” in its flagging agricultural sector.The auto industry jumped in, too. In 2003, Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels, including locally produced ethanol. Today, 70 percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models, and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe — or anywhere else. Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change, the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing.With an armload of incentives, the Italian government hopes that 70,000 hectares, or 173,000 acres, of land will be planted with biofuel crops in 2007, and 240,000 hectares in 2010, up from zero in 2006.Mr. Pini, the farmer, has converted about 25 percent of his land, or 18 hectares, including his “set aside” land, to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop, rapeseed. He still has 50 hectares in grain and 7 in olives.He has discovered other advantages as well. In Italy’s finicky food culture, food crops haveto look good and be high quality to sell— a drought or undue heat can mean an off year. Crops for fuel, in contrast, can be ugly or stunted.“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,” he said.英译汉参考答案欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料阿尔代亚，意大利——上个生长季节，罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田，遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦，过去用于制作高品质意粉。

2006年5月阿拉伯语二级笔译实务真题1.（分数：50.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(古代东方的神话说,有一盏神灯,当用力擦它时会跳出一个巨人,能实现灯主人的愿望,制造出超人的奇迹,使人由穷变富,一眨眼间把人从一地运到另外一地,满足心里的愿望。

石油以它超过煤的热能和运输方便以及它的各种产品和相关工业,成为了现代的阿拉丁神灯。

石油已经推翻了煤的宝座并取而代之,成为了今天物质文明的基础和各国财富与权力的源泉。

石油是非凡的物质和精神力量,如果人民拥有了它,它会迅速地回应人民的呼唤,为人民找到现代繁荣的手段,穿上富裕的新装,把人民从落后和贫困的泥潭中拯救出来。

阿拉伯人民应该利用这不可再来的机会,从贫困和愚昧的黑暗中走向科学、知识和富裕的光明,主动利用石油带来的利益,同时还建立必须的工业,同西方类似的工业竞争。

石油在今天是工业发展和贸易交换、个人和集体活动以及民族兴盛的基本因素。

在复兴之初的时候阿拉伯人是多么需要石油的贡献。

在公元前几十个世纪,古代人特别是中东地区的人民就已经认识了石油。

在这方面,据说亚历山大准备同印度的一个国王作战。

那时,亚历山大依赖骑兵,而印度国王依靠大象。

亚害怕印度大象,便命令工匠用铜制造出空腹的马,上面有士兵的雕像,并提早把铜马拉到战场,并命令往马腹里装石油和硫磺,置于军队的前面,两军相遇时点火。

士兵把有骑士雕像的马推到前面,大象朝它走来,用鼻子把马卷起来。

在感觉到热之后,扔掉了雕像,践踏着逃跑了。

因此石油帮助亚历山大的军队,决定了战争的胜败。

1910 年,随着普遍使用电能和内燃机广泛用于运输,迎来了转折点。

此外成功的勘探石油和在世界各地发现的油井也有助于这个转折。

石油的普及使用是因为成功的运输、提炼和它的热力的增加。