工商管理英语课后习题答案汇总.doc

一、名词解释1. The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, the line of action to be followed, the stages to go through, and methods to use.2. Human needs are states of felt deprivation. Humans have manly complex needs. These include basic physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety; social needs for belonging and affection; and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression.3. Customer value is the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product.4. Place, another key marketing-mix tool, includes the various activities the company undertakes to make the product accessible and available to target customers.5. Group technology is a concept that currently is attracting a lot of attention from the manufacturing community.6. Issuing bank is obligated to honor drawings under the L/C regardless of the buyer’s ability or willingness to pay.7. Letter of credit is an instrument issued by a bank on behalf of the importer (buyer) promising to pay the exporter (beneficiary)upon presentation of shipping documents in compliance with the terms stipulated therein.8. Leader ship is a personal relationship in which one person directs, coordinates, and supervises others in the performance of a common task.9. Advising bank. The correspondent bank in the beneficiary’s country to which the issuing bank sends the L/C is commonly referred to as the “advising”.10. Marketing mix is one of the key concepts in modern marketing theory. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.11. Total quality management means a comprehensive approach to quality by everyone in an organization to provide customers with reliable products and services.二、简答1. What are the features of a good plan of action? P30一个好的行动计划有什么特点：（1）统一性，即一个既能面向整体又能顾及各个部分的行动计划。

Unit OneIII.1 • idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1.accusing.of2. end up 3- came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1.K2. G3.C4. E5.N6.O7.18. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1.delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1.justify2. glorify 3・ exemplifies 4. classified5.purified 6・ intensify 7. identify 8. terrifiedVIII.1.bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5.robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1.other than for funerals and weddings2.other than to live an independent life3.other than that they appealed to his eye …、4.but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5.other than that it f s somewhere in the town centerX.1.shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2.would have; told him the answer3.they needn't have gone at all4.must have had too much work to do5.might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI.-1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven s father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.L出入除自己家以外的任何场所吋，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。

2015年学位英语复习资料完整版第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。

1-5 BACBB1.—How are you, Bob? ---你好吗，鲍勃？—____________ Ted. ---我很好，特德。

A. How are you?B. I’m fine. Thank you.C. How do you do?D. Nice to meet you.2.—Thanks for your help. ---谢谢你的帮忙。

—____________ ---我很荣幸。

A. My pleasure.B. Never mind.C. Quite right.D. Don’t thank me.3. —Hello, I’m Harry Potter. ---你好，我是哈里﹒波特。

—Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ____________.---你好，我是查理﹒格林，你可以叫我查理。

A. call my CharlesB. call me at CharlesC. call me CharlesD. call Charles me4. —Paul, ____________? ---鲍，那边在说话的人是谁？—Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother. ---哦，那是我的爸爸，在他旁边的是我妈妈。

A. what is the person over thereB. who’s talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that5. —Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you? ---你好，汤姆，近来都好吗？—____________, and how are you? ---还不错，你呢?A. Don’t mention itB. Hm, not too badC. ThanksD. Pretty fast第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。

1.政府机构governmental agency2.承包商contractor3.分包商subcontractor4.建筑师architect5.保险公司insurance company6.担保公旬surety company7.材料商material dealer/supplier8.施工现场construction site9.项目规划设计和施工project planning, design and construction10.临时设施temporary job facilities11.投资和合同授予过程bidding and contract award process12.项目预算project budget13.质董控制quality control14.项目的监督project supervision15.进度款progress payment16.合同变更contract change17.满足业主要求suit the individual owner, s requirements18.以业主的名义in the name of the owner19.卷入诉讼be involved in litigation20.公共工程public work21.承包商的注册contractors' register22.某此因素certain factors23.合同工拥duration of contract24.相对:St要性relative importance25.担保角皂力bonding capacity26.现有工作任务current workload27.投标公告notice to bidders28.招标邀请函invitation to bidders29.标书格式bid forms30.标书分析bid analysis31.主要供应商major supplier32.投标保函bid bonds33.未预见情况unforeseen circumstances34.质量保证酒quality guarantee period35.标书接收的地点和时间the time and place for the receipt of bids36.警察，消防和街道代表police, fire, and street department representatives37.材料价格material price38.分包商的报价subcontractor，s quotation39.机具设备租赁费equipment hire rates40.向供应商询价enquire supplier41.工程•清单bill of quantities42.墙砖wall tiles / brick43.防潮层damp-proof courses44.水泥cement45.粗骨料coarse aggregates46.回扣discount47.平宣布Jt图和立面图schematic layouts and elevations48.规划许可planning permission49.建筑业管理许可building regulations approval50.工程质it project quality51 装修工程的造价the cost of decoration projects52.合同文本contract documents53.合同图纸contract drawings54.承包人义务contractor, s obligations55.指定供应商和分包商specified suppliers and subcontractors56.开工和竣工时期the start and completion dates57.中期付款interim payments58.缺陷责任期the defects liability period59.法律框架legal framework60.相关各方parties concerned61.标准文本standard forms62.标准条款standard clauses63.特殊条款special clauses64.业主姓毛the name of the employer65.工料测dt师quantity surveyor66.公共机构public bodys67.签名和印章signature and seal68.印花税stamp duty69.投标明细或价值明细表bid breakdown or schedule of values70.污水处理厂wastewater treatment plant71.地下管线underground utility lines72.道路改建roads improvements73.开挖与回填excavation and backfill74.筑堤embankment75.延长英尺linear feet76.平方英尺square feet77.延期罚款条款liquidated damages clauses for delay78.工程造价construction pricing /cost of construction79.管理费和利润overhead and profit80.合同管理contract administration81.造价师 /工料测量师quantity surveyor82.建筑设计阶段building design stage83.可行性分析阶段feasible analysis stage84.概算approximate estimate85.施工图设计阶段construction drawing design stage86.建筑面积floor space87.成本效益分析cost and profit analysis88.养护费maintenance cost。

第二章产品成本计算Exercises2–1（指教材上的第2章练习第1题，下同）1. Part #72A Part #172CSteel* $ 12.00 $ 18.00Setup cost** 6.00 6.00$ 18.00 $ 24.00*($1.00 ⨯ 12; $1.00 ⨯ 18)**($60,000/10,000)Steel cost is assigned by calculating a cost per ounce and then multiplying this by the ounces used by each part:Cost per ounce = $3,000,000/3,000,000 ounces= $1.00 per ounceSetup cost is assigned by calculating the cost per setup and then dividing this by the number of units in each batch (there are 20 setups per year):Cost per setup = $1,200,000/20= $60,0002. The cost of steel is assigned through the driver tracing using thenumber of ounces of steel, and the cost of the setups is assigned through driver tracing also using number of setups as the driver.3. The assumption underlying number of setups as the driver is thateach part uses an equal amount of setup time. Since Part #72A uses double the setup time of Part #172C, it makes sense to assign setup costs based on setup time instead of number of setups. This illustrates the importance of identifying drivers that reflect the true underlying consumption pattern. Using setup hours [(40 ⨯ 10) + (20 ⨯10)], we get the following rate per hour:Cost per setup hour = $1,200,000/600= $2,000 per hourThe cost per unit is obtained by dividing each part’s total setup costs by the number of units:Part #72A = ($2,000 ⨯ 400)/100,000 = $8.00Part #172C = ($2,000 ⨯ 200)/100,000 = $4.00Thus, Part #72A has its unit cost increased by $2.00, while Part #172C has its unit cost decreased by $2.00.problems2–51. Nursing hours required per year: 4 ⨯ 24 hours ⨯ 364 days* = 34,944*Note: 364 days = 7 days ⨯ 52 weeksNumber of nurses = 34,944 hrs./2,000 hrs. per nurse = 17.472Annual nursing cost = (17 ⨯ $45,000) + $22,500= $787,500Cost per patient day = $787,500/10,000 days= $78.75 per day (for either type of patient)2. Nursing hours act as the driver. If intensive care uses half of thehours and normal care the other half, then 50 percent of the cost is assigned to each patient category. Thus, the cost per patient day by patient category is as follows:Intensive care = $393,750*/2,000 days= $196.88 per dayNormal care = $393,750/8,000 days= $49.22 per day*$525,000/2 = $262,500The cost assignment reflects the actual usage of the nursing resource and, thus, should be more accurate. Patient days would be accurate only if intensive care patients used the same nursing hours per day as normal care patients.3. The salary of the nurse assigned only to intensive care is a directlytraceable cost. To assign the other nursing costs, the hours of additional usage would need to be measured. Thus, both direct tracing and driver tracing would be used to assign nursing costs for this new setting.2–61. Bella Obra CompanyStatement of Cost of Services SoldFor the Year Ended June 30, 2006 Direct materials:.............................................................................. Beginninginventory .............................................................. $ 300,000.............................................................................. Add: Purchases 600, .............................................................................. Materials available $ 900, .............................................................................. Less: Endinginventory .............................................................. 450,000*Direct materials used .......................................... $ 450,000 Direct labor .......................................................... 12,000,0 Overhead .............................................................. 1,500,00 Total service costs added .................................. $ 13,950,0 Add: Beginning work in process ....................... 900,000 Total production costs ........................................ $ 14,850,0 Less: Ending work in process ........................... 1,500,00 Cost of services sold .......................................... $ 13,350,0 *Materials available less materials used2. The dominant cost is direct labor (presumably the salaries of the 100professionals). Although labor is the major cost of providing manyservices, it is not always the case. For example, the dominant costfor some medical services may be overhead (e.g., CAT scans). Insome services, the dominant cost may be materials (e.g., funeralservices).3. Bella Obra CompanyIncome StatementFor the Year Ended June 30, 2006 Sales ..................................................................... $ 21,000,0 Cost of services sold .......................................... 13,350,0 Gross margin ....................................................... $ 7,650,00 Less operating expenses:.............................................................................. Selling expenses $ 900, .............................................................................. Administrativeexpenses ............................................................................................................................... 750,000.............................................................. 1,650,000Income before income taxes .............................. $ 6,000,00 4. Services have four attributes that are not possessed by tangibleproducts: (1) intangibility, (2) perishability, (3) inseparability, and (4)heterogeneity. Intangibility means that the buyers of services cannotsee, feel, hear, or taste a service before it is bought. Perishabilitymeans that services cannot be stored. This property affects thecomputation in Requirement 1. Inability to store services means thatthere will never be any finished goods inventories, thus making thecost of services produced equivalent to cost of services sold.Inseparability simply means that providers and buyers of servicesmust be in direct contact for an exchange to take place.Heterogeneity refers to the greater chance for variation in theperformance of services than in the production of tangible products.2–71. Direct materials:Magazine (5,000 ⨯ $0.40) $ 2,000Brochure (10,000 ⨯ $0.08) 800 $ 2,800 Direct labor:Magazine [(5,000/20) ⨯ $10] $ 2,500Brochure [(10,000/100) ⨯ $10] 1,000 3,500 Manufacturing overhead:Rent $ 1,400Depreciation [($40,000/20,000) ⨯ 350*] 700Setups 600Insurance 140Power 350 3,190 Cost of goods manufactured $ 9,490*Production is 20 units per printing hour for magazines and 100units per printing hour for brochures, yielding monthly machinehours of 350 [(5,000/20) + (10,000/100)]. This is also monthly laborhours, as machine labor only operates the presses.2. Direct materials $ 2,800Direct labor 3,500Total prime costs $ 6,300Magazine:Direct materials $ 2,000Direct labor 2,500Total prime costs $ 4,500Brochure:Direct materials $ 800Direct labor 1,000Total prime costs $ 1,800Direct tracing was used to assign prime costs to the two products.3. Total monthly conversion cost:Direct labor $ 3,500Overhead 3,190Total $ 6,690Magazine:Direct labor $ 2,500 Overhead:Power ($1 ⨯ 250) $ 250Depreciation ($2 ⨯ 250) 500Setups (2/3 ⨯ $600) 400Rent and insurance ($4.40 ⨯ 250 DLH)* 1,100 2,250 Total $ 4,750 Brochure:Direct labor $ 1,000 Overhead:Power ($1 ⨯ 100) $ 100Depreciation ($2 ⨯ 100) 200Setups (1/3 ⨯ $600) 200Rent and insurance ($4.40 ⨯ 100 DLH)* 440 940 Total $ 1,940 *Rent and insurance cannot be traced to each product so the costsare assigned using direct labor hours: $1,540/350 DLH = $4.40 perdirect labor hour. The other overhead costs are traced according totheir usage. Depreciation and power are assigned by using machine hours (250 for magazines and 100 for brochures): $350/350 = $1.00 per machine hour for power and $40,000/20,000 = $2.00 per machine hour for depreciation. Setups are assigned according to the time required. Since magazines use twice as much time, they receive twice the cost: Letting X = the proportion of setup time used for brochures, 2X + X = 1 implies a cost assignment ratio of 2/3 for magazines and 1/3 for brochures.Exercises3–11. Resource Total Cost Unit CostPlastic1$ 10,800 $0.027Direct labor andvariable overhead28,000 0.020Mold sets320,000 0.050Other facility costs410,000 0.025 Total $ 48,800 $0.12210.90 ⨯ $0.03 ⨯ 400,000 = $10,800; $10,800/400,000 = $0.0272$0.02 ⨯ 400,000 = $8,000; $8,000/400,000 = $0.023$5,000 ⨯ 4 quarters = $20,000; $20,000/400,000 = $0.054$10,000; $10,000/400,000 = $0.0252. Plastic, direct labor, and variable overhead are flexible resources;molds and other facility costs are committed resources. The cost of plastic, direct labor, and variable overhead are strictly variable. The cost of the molds is fixed for the particular action figure being produced; it is a step cost for the production of action figures in general. Other facility costs are strictly fixed.3–3High (1,400, $7,950); Low (700, $5,150)V = ($7,950 – $5,150)/(1,400 – 700)= $2,800/700 = $4 per oil changeF = $5,150 – $4(700)= $5,150 – $2,800 = $2,350Cost = $2,350 + $4 (oil changes)Predicted cost for January = $2,350 + $4(1,000) = $6,350problems3–61. High (1,700, $21,000); Low (700, $15,000)V = (Y2– Y1)/(X2– X1)= ($21,000 – $15,000)/(1,700 – 700) = $6 per receiving orderF = Y2– VX2= $21,000 – ($6)(1,700) = $10,800Y = $10,800 + $6X2. Output of spreadsheet regression routine with number of receivingorders as the independent variable:V = $13.38 per receiving order (rounded)F = $4,513 (rounded)Y = $4,513 + $13.38XR2 = 0.634, or 63.4%Receiving orders explain about 63.4 percent of the variability in receiving cost, providing evidence that Tracy’s choi ce of a cost driver is reasonable. However, other drivers may need to beconsidered because 63.4 percent may not be strong enough to justify the use of only receiving orders.3. Regression with pounds of material as the independent variable:V = $0.045 per pound of material delivered (rounded)F = $5,632 (rounded)Y = $5,632 + $0.045XR2 = 0.825, or 82.5%Pounds of material delivered explains about 82.5 percent of the variability in receiving cost. This is a better result than that of the receiving orders and should convince Tracy to try multiple regression.4. Regression routine with pounds of material and number of receiving orders as the independent variables:V1= $0.033 per pound of material delivered (rounded)V2= $7.147 per receiving order (rounded)F = $752 (rounded)Y = $752 + $0.033a + $7.147bR2= 0.95, or 95%Multiple regression with both variables explains 95 percent of thevariability in receiving cost. This is the best result.5–21. Job #57 Job #58 Job #59Balance, 7/1 $ 22,450 $ 0 $ 0Direct materials 12,900 9,900 35,350Direct labor 20,000 6,500 13,000Applied overhead:Power 750 600 3,600Material handling 1,500 300 6,000Purchasing 250 1,000 250 Total cost $ 57,850 $ 18,300 $ 58,2002. Ending balance in Work in Process = Job #58 = $18,3003. Ending balance in Finished Goods = Job #59 = $58,2004. Cost of Goods Sold = Job #57 = $57,850problems5–31. Overhead rate = $180/$900 = 0.20 or 20% of direct labor dollars.(This rate was calculated using information from the Ladan job;however, the Myron and Coe jobs would give the same answer.)2. Ladan Myron Coe Walker WillisBeginning WIP $ 1,730 $1,180 $2,500 $ 0 $ 0 Direct materials 400 150 260 800 760 Direct labor 800 900 650 350 900 Applied overhead 160 180 130 70 180 Total $ 3,090 $2,410 $3,540 $ 1,220 $ 1,840 Note: This is just one way of setting up the job-order cost sheets.You might prefer to keep the detail on the materials, labor, andoverhead in beginning inventory costs.3. Since the Ladan and Myron jobs were completed, the others muststill be in process. Therefore, the ending balance in Work in Process is the sum of the costs of the Coe, Walker, and Willis jobs.Coe $3,540Walker 1,220Willis 1,840Ending Work in Process $6,600Cost of Goods Sold = Ladan job + Myron job = $3,090 + $2,410 = $5,5004. Naman CompanyIncome StatementFor the Month Ended June 30, 20XXSales (1.5 ⨯ $5,500) ................................................................... $8,250 Cost of goods sold ................................................................... 5,500 Gross margin ............................................................................ $2,750 Marketing and administrative expenses ................................ 1,200 Operating income ..................................................................... $1,550 5–201. Overhead rate = $470,000/50,000 = $9.40 per MHr2. Department A: $250,000/40,000 = $6.25 per MHrDepartment B: $220,000/10,000 = $22.00 per MHr3. Job #73 Job #74Plantwide:70 ⨯ $9.40 = $658 70 ⨯ $9.40 = $658Departmental:20 ⨯ $6.25 $ 125.00 50 ⨯ $6.25 $ 312.5050 ⨯ $22 1,100.00 20 ⨯ $22 440.00$ 1,225.00 $ 752.50Department B appears to be more overhead intensive, so jobs spending more time in Department B ought to receive more overhead. Thus, departmental rates provide more accuracy.4. Plantwide rate: $250,000/40,000 = $6.25Department B: $62,500/10,000 = $6.25Job #73 Job #74Plantwide:70 ⨯ $6.25 = $437.50 70 ⨯ $6.25 = $437.50Departmental:20 ⨯ $6.25 $ 125.00 50 ⨯ $6.25 $ 312.5050 ⨯ $6.25 312.50 20 ⨯ $6.25 125.00$ 437.50 $ 437.50 Assuming that machine hours is a good cost driver, the departmental rates reveal that overhead consumption is the same in each department. In this case, there is no need for departmental rates, anda plantwide rate is sufficient.5–41. Overhead rate = $470,000/50,000 = $9.40 per MHr2. Department A: $250,000/40,000 = $6.25 per MHrDepartment B: $220,000/10,000 = $22.00 per MHr3. Job #73 Job #74Plantwide:70 ⨯ $9.40 = $658 70 ⨯ $9.40 = $658Departmental:20 ⨯ $6.25 $ 125.00 50 ⨯ $6.25 $ 312.5050 ⨯ $22 1,100.00 20 ⨯ $22 440.00$ 1,225.00 $ 752.50 Department B appears to be more overhead intensive, so jobs spending more time in Department B ought to receive more overhead. Thus, departmental rates provide more accuracy.4. Plantwide rate: $250,000/40,000 = $6.25Department B: $62,500/10,000 = $6.25Job #73 Job #74Plantwide:70 ⨯ $6.25 = $437.50 70 ⨯ $6.25 = $437.50Departmental:20 ⨯ $6.25 $ 125.00 50 ⨯ $6.25 $ 312.5050 ⨯ $6.25 312.50 20 ⨯ $6.25 125.00$ 437.50 $ 437.50 Assuming that machine hours is a good cost driver, the departmental rates reveal that overhead consumption is the same in each department. In this case, there is no need for departmental rates, anda plantwide rate is sufficient.5–51. Last year’s unit-based overhead rate = $50,000/10,000 = $5This year’s unit-based overhead rate = $100,000/10,000 = $10Last Year This Year Bike cost:2 ⨯ $20 $ 40 $ 403 ⨯ $12 36 36Overhead:5 ⨯ $5 255 ⨯ $10 50Total $101 $126P rice last year = $101 ⨯ 1.40 = $141.40/dayPrice this year = $126 ⨯ 1.40 = $176.40/dayThis is a $35 increase over last year, nearly a 25 percent increase. No doubt the Carsons are not pleased and would consider looking around for other recreational possibilities.2. Purchasing rate = $30,000/10,000 = $3 per purchase orderPower rate = $20,000/50,000 = $0.40 per kilowatt hourMaintenance rate = $6,000/600 = $10 per maintenance hourOther rate = $44,000/22,000 = $2 per DLHBike Rental Picnic Catering Purchasing$3 ⨯ 7,000 $21,000$3 ⨯ 3,000 $ 9,000 Power$0.40 ⨯ 5,000 2,000$0.40 ⨯ 45,000 18,000 Maintenance$10 ⨯ 500 5,000$10 ⨯ 100 1,000 Other$2 ⨯ 11,000 22,000 22,000 Total overhead $50,000 $50,000 3. This year’s bike rental overhead rate = $50,000/10,000 = $5Carson rental cost = (2 ⨯ $20) + (3 ⨯ $12) + (5 ⨯ $5) = $101Price = 1.4 ⨯ $101 = $141.40/day4. Catering rate = $50,000/11,000 = $4.55* per DLHCost of Estes job:Bike rental rate (2 ⨯ $7.50) $15.00Bike conversion cost (2 ⨯ $5.00) 10.00Catering materials 12.00Catering conversion (1 ⨯ $4.55) 4.55Total cost $41.55*Rounded5. The use of ABC gives Mountain View Rentals a better idea of thetypes and costs of activities that are used in their business. Adding Level 4 bikes will increase the use of the most expensive activities, meaning that the rental rate will no longer be an average of $5 per rental day. Mountain View Rentals might need to set a Level 4 price based on the increased cost of both the bike and conversion cost.分步成本法6–11. C utting Sewing PackagingDepartment Department Department Direct materials $5,400 $ 900 $ 225 Direct labor 150 1,800 900 Applied overhead 750 3,600 900 Transferred-in cost:From cutting 6,300From sewing 12,600 Total manufacturing cost $6,300 $12,600 $14,625 2. a. Work in Process—Sewing ................. 6,300Work in Process—Cutting .......... 6,300b. Work in Process—Packaging ............ 12,600Work in Process—Sewing .......... 12,600c. Finished Goods ................................... 14,625Work in Process—Packaging ..... 14,6253. Unit cost = $14,625/600 = $24.38* per pair6–21. Units transferred out: 27,000 + 33,000 – 16,200 = 43,8002. Units started and completed: 43,800 – 27,000 = 16,8003. Physical flow schedule:Units in beginning work in process 27,000Units started during the period 33,000 Total units to account for 60,000 Units started and completed 16,800Units completed from beginning work in process 27,000Units in ending work in process 16,200 Total units accounted for 60,0004. Equivalent units of production:Materials Conversion Units completed 43,800 43,800 Add: Units in ending work in process:(16,200 ⨯ 100%) 16,200(16,200 ⨯ 25%) 4,050 Equivalent units of output 60,000 47,850 6–31. Physical flow schedule:Units to account for:Units in beginning work in process 80,000 Units started during the period 160,000 Total units to account for 240,000 Units accounted for:Units completed and transferred out:Started and completed 120,000From beginning work in process 80,000 200,000 Units in ending work in process 40,000 Total units accounted for 240,000 2. Units completed 200,000Add: Units in ending WIP ⨯ Fraction complete(40,000 ⨯ 20%) 8,000 Equivalent units of output 208,0003. Unit cost = ($374,400 + $1,258,400)/208,000 = $7.854. Cost transferred out = 200,000 ⨯ $7.85 = $1,570,000Cost of ending WIP = 8,000 ⨯ $7.85 = $62,8005. Costs to account for:Beginning work in process $ 374,400Incurred during June 1,258,400Total costs to account for $ 1,632,800Costs accounted for:Goods transferred out $ 1,570,000Goods in ending work in process 62,800 Total costs accounted for $ 1,632,8006–31、Units t0 account for:Units in beginning work in process(25% completed) 10000 Units started during the period 70000 Total units to account for 80000 Units accounted forUnits completed and transferred outStarted and completed 50000From beginning work in process 10000 60000 Units in ending work in process(60% completed) 20000 Total units accounted for 80000 2、60000+20000×60%=72000（units ） 3、Unit cost for materials:4900035100056000020000+=+（$/unit ）Unit cost for convension:2625787351.136000012000+=+（$/unit ）Total unit cost:5+1.13=6.13（$/unit ）4、The cost of units of transferred out:60000×6.13=367800($)The cost of units of ending work in process:20000×5+20000×20%×1.13=113560($)作业成本法4–21. Predetermined rates:Drilling Department: Rate = $600,000/280,000 = $2.14* per MHrAssembly Department: Rate = $392,000/200,000= $1.96 per DLH*Rounded2. Applied overhead:Drilling Department: $2.14 ⨯ 288,000 = $616,320Assembly Department: $1.96 ⨯ 196,000 = $384,160Overhead variances:Drilling Assembly Total Actual overhead $602,000 $ 412,000 $ 1,014,000 Applied overhead 616,320 384,160 1,000,480 Overhead variance $ (14,320) over $ 27,840 under $ 13,520 3. Unit overhead cost = [($2.14 ⨯ 4,000) + ($1.96 ⨯ 1,600)]/8,000= $11,696/8,000= $1.46**Rounded4–31. Yes. Since direct materials and direct labor are directly traceable toeach product, their cost assignment should be accurate.2. Elegant: (1.75 ⨯ $9,000)/3,000 = $5.25 per briefcaseFina: (1.75 ⨯ $3,000)/3,000 = $1.75 per briefcaseNote: Overhead rate = $21,000/$12,000 = $1.75 per direct labor dollar (or 175 percent of direct labor cost).There are more machine and setup costs assigned to Elegant thanFina. This is clearly a distortion because the production of Fina isautomated and uses the machine resources much more than thehandcrafted Elegant. In fact, the consumption ratio for machining is0.10 and 0.90 (using machine hours as the measure of usage). Thus,Fina uses nine times the machining resources as Elegant. Setupcosts are similarly distorted. The products use an equal number of setups hours. Yet, if direct labor dollars are used, then the Elegant briefcase receives three times more machining costs than the Finabriefcase.3. Overhead rate = $21,000/5,000= $4.20 per MHrElegant: ($4.20 ⨯ 500)/3,000 = $0.70 per briefcaseFina: ($4.20 ⨯ 4,500)/3,000 = $6.30 per briefcaseThis cost assignment appears more reasonable given the relativedemands each product places on machine resources. However, oncea firm moves to a multiproduct setting, using only one activity driverto assign costs will likely produce product cost distortions. Productstend to make different demands on overhead activities, and thisshould be reflected in overhead cost assignments. Usually, thismeans the use of both unit- and nonunit-level activity drivers. In thisexample, there is a unit-level activity (machining) and a nonunit-levelactivity (setting up equipment). The consumption ratios for each(using machine hours and setup hours as the activity drivers) are asfollows:Elegant FinaMachining 0.10 0.90 (500/5,000 and4,500/5,000)Setups 0.50 0.50 (100/200 and 100/200)Setup costs are not assigned accurately. Two activity rates areneeded—one based on machine hours and the other on setup hours:Machine rate: $18,000/5,000 = $3.60 per MHrSetup rate: $3,000/200 = $15 per setup hourCosts assigned to each product:Machining: Elegant Fina$3.60 ⨯ 500 $ 1,800$3.60 ⨯ 4,500 $ 16,200Setups:$15 ⨯ 100 1,500 1,500Total $ 3,300 $ 17,700Units ÷3,000 ÷3,000Unit overhead cost $ 1.10 $ 5.904：Elegant Unit overhead cost：[9000+3000+18000*500/5000+3000/2]/3000=$5.1 Fina Unit overhead cost：[3000+3000+18000*4500/5000+3000/2]/3000=$7.94–51. Deluxe Percent Regular PercentPrice $900 100% $750 100%Cost 576 64 600 80Unit gross profit $324 36% $150 20% Total gross profit:($324 ⨯ 100,000) $32,400,000($150 ⨯ 800,000) $120,000,000 2. Calculation of unit overhead costs:Deluxe gularUnit-level:Machining:$200 ⨯ 100,000 $20,000,000$200 ⨯ 300,000 $60,000,000 Batch-level:Setups:$3,000 ⨯ 300 900,000$3,000 ⨯ 200 600,000 Packing:$20 ⨯ 100,000 2,000,000$20 ⨯ 400,000 8,000,000 Product-level:Engineering:$40 ⨯ 50,000 2,000,000$40 ⨯ 100,000 4,000,000 Facility-level:Providing space:$1 ⨯ 200,000 200,000$1 ⨯ 800,000 800,000 Total overhead $25,100,000 $73,400,000 Units ÷100,000 ÷ 800,000 Overhead per unit $251 $91.75Deluxe Percent Regular Percent Price $900 100% $750.00 100% Cost 780* 87*** 574.50** 77*** Unit gross profit $120 13%*** $175.50 23%*** Total gross profit:($120 ⨯ 100,000) $12,000,000($175.50 ⨯ 800,000) $140,400,000*$529 + $251**$482.75 + $91.753. Using activity-based costing, a much different picture of the deluxeand regular products emerges. The regular model appears to be more profitable. Perhaps it should be emphasized.4–61. JIT Non-JITSales a$12,500,000 $12,500,000Allocation b750,000 750,000a$125 ⨯100,000, where $125 = $100 + ($100 ⨯0.25), and 100,000 is the average order size times the number of ordersb0.50 ⨯ $1,500,0002. Activity rates:Ordering rate = $880,000/220 = $4,000 per sales orderSelling rate = $320,000/40 = $8,000 per sales callService rate = $300,000/150 = $2,000 per service callJIT Non-JIT Ordering costs:$4,000 ⨯ 200 $ 800,000$4,000 ⨯ 20 $ 80,000 Selling costs:$8,000 ⨯ 20 160,000$8,000 ⨯ 20 160,000 Service costs:$2,000 ⨯ 100 200,000$2,000 ⨯ 50 100,000 T otal $1,160,000 $340,0 0For the non-JIT customers, the customer costs amount to $750,000/20 = $37,500 per order under the original allocation. Using activity assignments, this drops to $340,000/20 = $17,000 per order, a difference of $20,500 per order. For an order of 5,000 units, the order price can be decreased by $4.10 per unit without affecting customer profitability. Overall profitability will decrease, however, unless the price for orders is increased to JIT customers.3. It sounds like the JIT buyers are switching their inventory carryingcosts to Emery without any significant benefit to Emery. Emery needs to increase prices to reflect the additional demands on customer-support activities. Furthermore, additional price increases may be needed to reflect the increased number of setups, purchases, and so on, that are likely occurring inside the plant. Emery should also immediately initiate discussions with its JIT customers to begin negotiations for achieving some of the benefits that a JIT supplier should have, such as long-term contracts. The benefits of long-termcontracting may offset most or all of the increased costs from the additional demands made on other activities.4–71. Supplier cost:First, calculate the activity rates for assigning costs to suppliers: Inspecting components: $240,000/2,000 = $120 per sampling hourReworking products: $760,500/1,500 = $507 per rework hourWarranty work: $4,800/8,000 = $600 per warranty hourNext, calculate the cost per component by supplier:Supplier cost:Vance Foy Purchase cost:$23.50 ⨯ 400,000 $ 9,400,000$21.50 ⨯ 1,600,000 $ 34,400,000Inspecting components:$120 ⨯ 40 4,800$120 ⨯ 1,960 235,200Reworking products:$507 ⨯ 90 45,630$507 ⨯ 1,410 714,870Warranty work:$600 ⨯ 400 240,000$600 ⨯ 7,600 4,560,000 Total supplier cost $ 9,690,430 $ 39,910,070 Units supplied ÷400,000 ÷1,600,000 Unit cost $ 24.23* $ 24.94**RoundedThe difference is in favor of Vance; however, when the price concession is considered, the cost of Vance is $23.23, which is less than Foy’s component. Lumus should accept the contractual offer made by Vance.4–7 Concluded2. Warranty hours would act as the best driver of the three choices.Using this driver, the rate is $1,000,000/8,000 = $125 per warranty hour. The cost assigned to each component would be:Vance FoyLost sales:$125 ⨯ 400 $ 50,000$125 ⨯ 7,600 $ 950,000$ 50,000 $ 950,000 U nits supplied ÷ 400,000 ÷1,600,000I ncrease in unit cost $ 0.13* $ 0.59**Rounded$0.075 per unitCategory II: $45/1,000 = $0.045 per unitCategory III: $45/1,500 = $0.03 per unitCategory I, which has the smallest batches, is the most undercosted of the three categories. Furthermore, the unit ordering cost is quite high relative to Category I’s selling price (9 to 15 percent of the selling price). This suggests that something should be done to reduce the order-filling costs.3. With the pricing incentive feature, the average order size has beenincreased to 2,000 units for all three product families. The number of orders now processed can be calculated as follows:Orders = [(600 ⨯ 50,000) + (1,000 ⨯ 30,000) + (1,500 ⨯ 20,000)]/2,000 = 45,000Reduction in orders = 100,000 – 45,000 = 55,000Steps that can be reduced = 55,000/2,000 = 27 (rounding down to nearest whole number)There were initially 50 steps: 100,000/2,000Reduction in resource spending:Step-fixed costs: $50,000 ⨯ 27 = $1,350,000Variable activity costs: $20 ⨯ 55,000 = 1,100,000$2,450,000预算9-4Norton, Inc.Sales Budget For the Coming YearModel Units Price Total Sales LB-1 50,400 $29.00 $1,461,600 LB-2 19,800 15.00 297,000 WE-6 25,200 10.40 262,080。

Exercise 1Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.demeanor crave found biology dictatedynamics all-pervasive responsive embed profitabilityweakness citizen discounted tune unconsciously3.Though business people like to think of themselves as realists, the factis that wishful thinking, denial, and other forms of avoiding reality are deeply______ in most corporate cultures.4.The culture of the organization is typically created ______, based onthe values of the top management or the founders of an organization. 5.Sometimes we tend to lose sight of the fact that ______—the way youappear and the way you act—is a form of communication.6.The deepest principle in human nature is the______ to be appreciated.7.Microsoft is ______upon the idea that if you give people the right tools,they will do new and exciting things.8.Creativity, by itself, is not enough. There must be mechanisms withinthe company for setting in motion the ______needed to spark off winning ideas.9.The right corporate______—the optimal balance of people and culture—can mean the difference between success and failure.10.The organizational culture, as perceived by the employees, ______howthey think about their jobs, perform their functions and plan for the future.11.Depending on the company, corporate culture may influence choice of suitcolor for meetings with management, overall ______to change in the marketplace, how customers and colleagues are treated and whether or not an expensive new shower curtain is submitted as a business expense. 12.If increased ______is an organizational goal, one of the best places tostart improvements is with an examination of the organization’s work culture.13.An organization’s cultural norms are so ______ that they are almostinvisible, but if you would like to improve performance and profitability, norms are one of the first places to look.14.Employees all share the basic human needs for belonging, connectedness,trust, meaning and purpose, and they also share the same human ______, such as selfishness and greed.15.Citizenship in the United States comes in tow forms: individualcitizenship (referred to at the outset of the . Constitution as “We thepeople”) and corporate citizenship which has existed since 1886 when the Supreme Court decided corporations were entitled to constitutional protection as if they were ______.16.Managers need to realize that issues involving pay, benefits, and perksaren’t usually the central reasons why good employees fly the corporate coop—although those factors certainly are not to be______.Smart companies ______ their overall culture toward their employees if they can, making the work environment as pleasant and as supportive as possible.Exercise 2charismatic match inherent relationship effectivenessstereotype perceptions facilitative ingredient inspiringattributing campaign competence stability unpretentious1.Manager are thought to be the budgeter, the organizers, the controllers—the ants, as one observer puts it—while leaders are the______, big-picture visionaries, the ones who change the whole ant farm.2.Some great managers struggle with change and fail to be great leaders,while a great leader might fail to create a sense of______in an organization and not measure up as a manager.3.Leadership effectiveness is determined by what leaders do, not by some______personal characteristic.4.There isn’t one______of leadership which fits every situation.5.Since the 1970s, the focus has been on “contingency theories of leaderbehavior”—theories that argue leaders’effectiveness depends on the ______between their behavior and personal characteristics and the characteristics of their followers and of the situations in which they find themselves.6.Leaders must pay close attention to how they balance competing pressuresin their organizations, and how their words and actions shape the______and beliefs of organization members.7.We have a natural tendency to blame other people for failures, ratherthan______the poor performance to external and contextual factors.8.Leadership is not primarily about making decisions anyway—it isabout______people to change direction.9.Efffective managers concentrate not only on the task, but also ontheir______with their subordinates.10.The role of the manager is more______than directive, guiding theconversation and helping to resolve differences.11.Self-confidence is not the real secret of leadership. The moreessential______is confidence in other people.12.One person may have the top title and the official authority, buttheir______is often a function of the quality of all the other people who stand beside them to exercise leadership.13.Sports certainly produces a very high number of prima donnas and big egos,yet I was struck by how many of the winning teams were led by______people who boosted others.14.When an employee has done a task one way for many years, he tends toidentify with that task and changing it can feel like an assault on his______.15.The company is planning to launch an important sales______to promotetheir latest product.1. charismatic2. stability3. inherent4. stereotype5. match6. perceptions7. attributing8. inspiring9. relationship10. facilitative11. ingredient12.effectiveness13.14. competence15. campaignunpretentiousExercise 4Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.responsible beyond citizen role humanitarian luxury transparent loath override partnerships enhance social negative appropriate balance1．We are committed to keeping those relationships strong by communicating openly about our business practices, being_______ about our performance, and remaining accountable for our conduct.2．It is our hope that Kimberly-Clark Corporation’s contributions, combined with the ______ efforts of the world’s aid organizations, will help ease the immediate suffering of the people affected by this tragedy. 3．Corporate social responsibility makes good business sense, but companies must _________ the goal of good citizenship placed upon them by society with the traditional aim of profitability required by shareholder. 4．Corporate citizenship is not a ________, especially in difficult times.It’s a sensible part of good business.5．Corporate leaders have to think ______making profits to how they affect society.6．Corporate social responsibilities do not ________a corporation’s fundamental obligation to make a reasonable return for investors. 7．Corporation’s __________is to be good businesses, not to save the planet. 8．People expect companies to take on social responsibilities and expectgovernments to ensure that corporations behave________.9．If companies look after the interests of its customers, employees and society at large, then it is also _______shareholder value and benefiting its investors.10．It seems that the growing ________role of companies suggests a breakdown in the distinction between politics and business.11．Citizenship takes the work of the people, not just businesses going in and saving the world. It takes the customer, the individual, the_______. 12．It’s a new way to conceive and carry out business, because it suggests ______with the folks that live in your business’s community. 13．Moreover, the work environment should be one where people at all levels feel that they have support, that managers and coworkers are open to hearing their ideas—rather than being consistently _______about new ideas.14．You want people to have work that they’re going to find ______challenging —not so far out of their skill range that they just can’t do anything, but certainly something that’s going to get them to operate at the top of their skill level, allowing them to really stretch and grow.15．Management gurus are both loved and _______by businesses, as they provide insights and visions into the art of management, insights that may, in theory, save companies millions of dollars, or they may introduce concepts that may further confuse and worsen company problems.答案1. transparent2. humanitarian3. balance4. luxury5. beyond6. override7. role8. responsibly9. enhancing12. partnerships14. appropriately15. loathedExercise 7asymmetry exacerbated volatilityinterdependence prismsuccession standardized prosperity challenges proliferatingblessings alleviation displaced innovation tap into1.We support economic development and responsible free markets as the mostreliable and sustainable strategies for global poverty_______.2.Globalization is more than the flow of money and commodities, it is thegrowing________ of the world’s people through shrinking space,shrinking time and disappearing borders.3.While McDonald’s golden arches may be_________ in every majormetropolis across the world, so, for that matter, are Thai and Vietnamese restaurants.4.As we look at the world through our own _______, we tend to forget thatwe ourselves have dramatically changed in an age of open systems.5.To want to be rooted is a deep human desire, of course, but to be _______and uprooted, alas, is a human condition—Man’s fate.6.It is widely believed that globally ______ product varieties aredisplacing locally customized ones in many product categories.7.There are at least three fundamental _______ of globalization on nationsthat embrace it: faster economic growth, reductions in poverty, and more fertile soil for democracy.8.Two of the most common complaints against globalization are that it hasundermined labor and environmental standards, and that it has ______ the gap between rich and poor, both among and within countries.9.If you believe that free markets, operating within a rule of law, areessentially self-regulating and leas, in the words of Adam Smith, “as if by an invisible hand” to a greater general _______, then you will tend to see globalization as a blessing.10._________ were incorporated into trade agreements, so that the developedcountries could demand that the developing countries take away their trade subsidies, take away their trade barriers, all for the goods in which the industrialized nations hand a comparative advantage.11.While we were talking about how wonderful the globalized financial systemis in addressing the problems of risk, the developing countries were left to carry the burden of interest rates and market _______.12.The upside of the globalization explains why and how the move towardglobalization brought us opportunities，and the downside describes the newest _______ to modern politicians, economists, environmentalists, and sociologists.13.The ____ of crises in the 1990s—Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea,Russia, and Brazil—suggested to some that financial crises are a direct and inevitable result of globalization.14.Economic “globalization”is a historical process, the result ofhuman____ and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows.15.Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to_______ more andlarger markets around the world.答案into。

Exercise 1Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.found biology dictate profitabilitdynamics all-pervasive yweakness citizen discounted tune unconsciously3. Though business people like to think of themselves as realists, the fact is that wishful thinking, denial, and other forms of avoiding reality are deeply______ in most corporate cultures.4. The culture of the organization is typically created ______, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.5. Sometimes we tend to lose sight of the fact that ______—the way you appear and the way you act—is a form of communication.6. The deepest principle in human nature is the______ to be appreciated.7. Microsoft is ______upon the idea that if you give people the right tools, they will do new and exciting things.8. Creativity, by itself, is not enough. There must be mechanisms within the company for setting in motion the ______needed to spark off winning ideas.9. The right corporate______—the optimal balance of people and culture—can mean the difference between success and failure.10. The organizational culture, as perceived by the employees,______how they think about their jobs, perform their functions and plan for the future.11. Depending on the company, corporate culture may influence choice of suit color for meetings with management, overall ______to change in the marketplace, how customers and colleagues are treated and whether or not an expensive new shower curtain is submitted as a business expense. 12. If increased ______is an organizational goal, one of the best places to start improvements is with an examination of the organization's work culture.13. An organization's cultural norms are so ______ that they are almost invisible, but if you would like to improve performance and profitability, norms are one of the first places to look.14. Employees all share the basic human needs for belonging, connectedness, trust, meaning and purpose, and they also share the same human ______, such as selfishness and greed.15. Citizenship in the United States comes in tow forms: individual citizenship (referred to at the outset of the . Constitution as “We the demeanor responsivecrave embedpeople”) and corporate citizenship which has existed since 1886 when the Supreme Court decided corporations were entitled to constitutional protection as if they were ______.16. Managers need to realize that issues involving pay, benefits, and perks aren't usually the central reasons why good employees fly the corporate coop—although those factors certainly are not to be______. Smart companies ______ their overall culture toward their employees if they can, making the work environment as pleasant and as supportive as possible.Exercise 2relationship stereotype competence1. Manager are thought to be the budgeter, the organizers, the controllers—the ants, as one observer puts it—while leaders are the______, big-picture visionaries, the ones who change the whole ant farm.2. Some great managers struggle with change and fail to be great leaders, while a great leader might fail to create a sense of______in an organization and not measure up as a manager.3. Leadership effectiveness is determined by what leaders do, not by some ______personal characteristic.4. There isn't one______of leadership which fits every situation.5. Since the 1970s, the focus has been on “contingency theories of leader behavior”—theories that argue leaders' effectiveness depends on the ______between their behavior and personal characteristics andthe characteristics of their followers and of the situations in which they find themselves.6. Leaders must pay close attention to how they balance competing pressures in their organizations, and how their words and actions shape the______and beliefs of organization members.7. We have a natural tendency to blame other people for failures, rather than______the poor performance to external and contextual factors. 8. Leadership is not primarily about making decisions anyway—it is about______people to change direction.9. Efffective managers concentrate not only on the task, but also on their______with their subordinates.10. The role of the manager is more______than directive, guiding the conversation and helping to resolve differences.11. Self-confidence is not the real secret of leadership. The more essential______is confidence in other people.effectivenessperceptions stabilitycharismatic facilitative unpretentiousmatchinherentingredient inspiring attributing campaign12. One person may have the top title and the official authority, buttheir______is often a function of the quality of all the other people who stand beside them to exercise leadership. 13. Sports certainly produces a very high number of prima donnas and big egos, yet I was struck by how many of the winning teams were led by______people who boosted others.14. When an employee has done a task one way for many years, he tends to identify with that task and changing it can feel like an assault on his______.15. The company is planning to launch an important sales______to promote their latest product. 1. charismatic 2. stability 3. inherent 4. stereotype 5. match 6. perceptions 7. attributing 8. inspiring 9. relationship 10. facilitative 11. ingredient 12. effectiveness13. 14. competence 15. campaign unpretentiousExercise 4Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.responsible beyond citizen role humanitarian luxury transparent loath override partnerships enhance social negative appropriate balance 1．We are committed to keeping those relationships strong by communicating openly about our business practices, being_______ about our performance, and remaining accountable for our conduct. 2．It is our hope that Kimberly-Clark Corporation's contributions,combined with the ______ efforts of the world's aid organizations, will help ease the immediate suffering of the people affected by this tragedy. 3．Corporate social responsibility makes good business sense, but companies must _________ the goal of good citizenship placed upon them by society with the traditional aim of profitability required by shareholder.4．Corporate citizenship is not a ________, especially in difficult times. It's a sensible part of good business.5．Corporate leaders have to think ______making profits to how they affect society.6．Corporate social responsibilities do not ________a corporation's fundamental obligation to make a reasonable return for investors. 7．Corporation's __________is to be good businesses, not to save the planet. 8．People expect companies to take on social responsibilities and expect governments to ensure that corporations behave________. 9．If companies look after the interests of its customers, employees and society at large, then it is also _______shareholder value and benefiting its investors. 10．It seems that the growing ________role of companies suggests a breakdown in the distinction between politics and business. 11．Citizenship takes the work of the people, not just businesses going in and saving the world. It takes the customer, the individual, the_______. 12．It's a new way to conceive and carry out business,because it suggests ______with the folks that live in your business's community.13．Moreover, the work environment should be one where people at all levels feel that they have support, that managers and coworkers are open to hearing their ideas—rather than being consistently _______about new ideas.14．You want people to have work that they're going to find ______challenging —not so far out of their skill range that they just can't do anything, but certainly something that's going to get them to operate at the top of their skill level, allowing them to really stretch and grow.15．Management gurus are both loved and _______by businesses, as they provide insights and visions into the art of management, insights that may, in theory, save companies millions of dollars, or they may introduce concepts that may further confuse and worsen company problems.答案1. transparent 4. luxury 7. role2. humanitarian 5. beyond8. responsibly14. appropriately3. balance 6. override 9. enhancing 12. partnerships 15. loathedExercise 7asymmetry succession blessings1. We support economic development and responsible free markets as the most reliable and sustainable strategies for global poverty_______.2. Globalization is more than the flow of money and commodities, it is the growing________ of the world's people through shrinking space, exacerbated standardized alleviationvolatilityprosperitydisplacedinterdependence challenges innovationprism proliferatingtap intoshrinking time and disappearing borders.3. While McDonald's golden arches may be_________ in every major metropolis across the world, so, for that matter, are Thai and Vietnamese restaurants.4. As we look at the world through our own _______, we tend to forget that we ourselves have dramatically changed in an age of open systems.5. To want to be rooted is a deep human desire, of course, but to be _______ and uprooted, alas, is a human condition—Man's fate.6. It is widely believed that globally ______ product varieties are displacing locally customized ones in many product categories.7. There are at least three fundamental _______ of globalization on nations that embrace it: faster economic growth, reductions in poverty, and more fertile soil for democracy.8. Two of the most common complaints against globalization are that it has undermined labor and environmental standards, and that it has ______ the gap between rich and poor, both among and within countries.9. If you believe that free markets, operating within a rule of law, are essentially self-regulating and leas, in the words of Adam Smith, “as if by an invisible hand”to a greater general _______, then you will tend to see globalization as a blessing. 10. _________ were incorporated into trade agreements, so that the developed countries could demand that the developing countries take away their trade subsidies, take away their trade barriers, all for the goods in which the industrialized nations hand a comparative advantage. 11. While we were talking about how wonderful the globalized financial system is in addressing the problems of risk, the developing countries were left to carry the burden of interest rates and market _______.12. The upside of the globalization explains why and how the move toward globalization brought us opportunities，and the downsidedescribes the newest _______ to modern politicians, economists, environmentalists, and sociologists.13. The ____ of crises in the 1990s—Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, Russia, and Brazil—suggested to some that financial crises are a direct and inevitable result of globalization.14. Economic “globalization”is a historical process, the result of human____ and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows.15. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to_______ more and larger markets around the world.答案into。