考研英语阅读练习：《经济学人》选读
Social change
社会的改变
The weaker sex
弱男子
Blue-collar men in rich countries are in trouble. Theymust learn to adapt
在发达国家的蓝领男性群体正处于困境中，他们必须学会适应。
AT FIRST glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving. More than 90% of presidents andprime ministers are male, as are nearly all big corporate bosses. Men dominate finance,technology, films, sports, music and even stand-up comedy. In much of the world they stillenjoysocial and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome. So it might seemodd to worry about the plight of men.
父系社会现在咋一看似乎正兴盛。超过90%的国家总统总理，和几乎所有大型公司的大boss都是男性。男性统治着经济，科技，企业，体育，音乐，甚至连说相声的都基本是男的。在大多数国家里男人仅仅因为拥有一条Y染色体便享有在社会和法律上的特权，这样看来，担心男性的“悲催命运”般的困境似乎是在杞人忧天。
Yet there is plenty of cause for concern. Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top. They arefar more likely than women to be jailed, estranged from their children, or to kill themselves.They earn fewer university degrees than women. Boys in the developed world are 50% morelikely to flunk basic maths, reading and science entirely.
但有却又大量的原由让人不得不担心。男性群体从渣男到精英男，他们在被关进监狱啊，被他们的孩子疏远嫌弃啊，或者自杀率啊都远远大于女性，却在取得更多的大学学位上败给了女性。在发达国家中，有50%左右的男孩会在基础数学，阅读和科学学科上挂掉。
One group in particular is suffering. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficultycoping with the enormous changes in the labour market and the home over the past
half-century. As technology and trade have devalued brawn, less-educated men have struggled tofind a role in the workplace. Women, on the other hand, are surging into expanding sectorssuch as health care and education, helped by their superior skills. As education has becomemore important, boys have also fallen behind girls in school (except at the very top). Men wholose jobs in manufacturing often never work again. And men without work find it hard to attracta permanent mate. The result, for low-skilled men, is a poisonous combination of no job, nofamily and no prospects.
在男性群体中又有一类人尤其遭罪。在过去的半个世纪里，发达国家里的受教育程度低的男性已经非常难应对发生了巨变的劳工市场和家庭。现代技术革新和贸易已经使原先的靠劳力形式的肌肉男的价值直线下降，缺少教育的男性，不得不在职场中苦苦挣扎，才能博得一席之地。相反的，女性却依靠着自身出众的技能，在像医疗卫生和教育这样的领域里大放异彩。教育已经变成更重要的事情，而男孩却学校里被女孩甩在了身后(尖端领域学科除外)。从工厂失业的男性常从此不再去工作。而没有工作的男性会发现去吸引永久的伴侣是件非常难的事。由此导致低技术的男性被无工作，无家庭，无前景的“三无”剧毒环环围住。
From nuclear families to fissile ones
从核心家庭到易碎家庭
Those on the political left tend to focus on economics. Shrinking job opportunities for men,they say, are entrenching poverty and destroying families. In America pay for men with only ahigh-school certificate fell by 21% in real terms between 1979 and 2013; for women with similarqualifications it rose by 3%. Around a fifth of working-age American men with only a high-school diploma have no job.
支持左翼的人倾向于专注于经济，他们认为减少男性工作的机会会加剧贫穷，并，并摧毁家庭。在美国，只有高中学历的男性的实际收入，从1979年到2013年减低了21%，而同等学历的女性，在此期间的实际收入却提高了3%。约有5分之一的只有高中学历的处在工作适龄的男性，处在失业中。
Those on the right worry about the collapse of the family. The vast majority of women wouldprefer to have a partner who does his bit both financially and domestically. But they wouldrather do without one than team up with a layabout, which may be all that is on offer: Americanmen without jobs spend only half as much time on housework and caring for others as dowomen in the same situation, and much more time watching television.
支持右翼的人担心着家庭的崩溃。绝大多数的女性倾向于和愿兼顾家里财政收入职能和家务劳动职能的男性成为两口子。她们宁愿单身也不愿随便和一个游手好闲的卢瑟勉强过一辈子，而这是有依据的：美国失业男性仅仅只付出同等条件下失业女性的一半的时间来做家务事和照顾彼此的生活，这些男人会花更多的时间来看电视。
Hence the unravelling of working-class families. The two-parent family, still the norm among theelite, is vanishing among the poor. In rich countries the proportion of births outside
marriagehas trebled since 1980, to 33%. In some areas where traditional manufacturing has collapsed,it has reached 70% or more. Children raised in broken homes learn less at school, are morelikely to drop out and earn less later on than children from intact ones. They are also not verygood at forming stable families of their own.
因此工人阶级的家庭变的更易解体。双亲家庭这种形式还是精英阶层的标配，而这种家庭形式却在穷人中正在消失。在发达国家，非婚生子占新生儿的比重比1980年高出了3倍，已经达到了33%。而在一些传统制造业崩坏的地区，这一比例达到70%甚至更高。生活在破碎家庭里的孩子比起一般家庭的孩子而言，在学校里会学的更少，更可能辍学和收入较低。同时，因为不善于处理家庭问题，他们自己日后的家庭也趋于不稳定(简言之单亲家庭的孩子长大后更易于组成新的单亲家庭)。
These two sides often talk past each other. But their explanations are not contradictory: botheconomics and social change are to blame, and the two causes reinforce each other.Moreover, these problems are likely to get worse. Technology will disrupt more industries,creating benefits for society but rendering workers who fail to update their skills redundant.The OECD, a think-tank, predicts that the absolute number of single-parent households willcontinue to rise in nearly all rich countries. Boys who grow up without fathers are more likely tohave trouble forming lasting relationships, creating a cycle of male dysfunction.
这两种政治倾向的讨论话题往往会相互交叉重叠。但二者的观点却并不矛盾：经济状况和社会这二者的变革都是造成此类现状的原因，而这二者还互为因果，形成恶性循环。此外，这些问题可能变得更糟。科技将瓦解更多的行业，为社会创造更多的价值，但也将使更多的无法升级自身技能的劳动者失业。经济合作与发展组织里的一个诸葛天团预测单亲家庭的比例定会继续在所有发达国家中上升。在没有父性角色的家庭长大的男孩，将更可能不能处理好长久关系(如夫妻关系)以至于形成新的单亲家庭，由此形成一个男性功能紊乱的死循环。
Tinker, tailor, soldier, hairdresser
锅匠，裁缝，士兵和美发师
What can be done? Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes. Over the pastgeneration, middle-class men have learned that they need to help with child care, and havechanged their behaviour. Working-class men need to catch up. Women have learned that theycan be surgeons and physicists without losing their femininity. Men need to understand thattraditional manual jobs are not coming back, and that they can be nurses or hairdresserswithout losing their masculinity.
那么问题来了，我们能做什么呢?其一在于改变文化态度。在过去的一代，中产阶层的男士知晓了他们需要帮忙照看小孩，并由此改变了他们的行为。工人阶层的男士们需要加紧脚步赶上来了。女士知晓了她们可以成为外科医师和物理学家而不失其女性魅力。男人们需要明白传统的体力工作一去不复返，他们可以成为护士或美发师而不失其男性霸气侧漏之美。
Policymakers also need to lend a hand, because foolish laws are making the problem worse.America reduces the supply of marriageable men by locking up millions of young males for non-violent offences and then making it hard for them to find work when they get out (in Georgia,for example, felons are barred from feeding pigs, fighting fires or working in funeral homes). Anumber of rich countries discourage poor people from marrying or cohabiting by cutting theirbenefits if they do.
政府决策人也需搭把手，因为愚蠢的法令会令问题变得更糟。美国减少了对被关押的以百万数计的非暴力犯罪的处于适婚年龄的年轻男子的支持，并在他们出狱后找工作这种事上还要制绊脚石造(以乔治亚州为例，罪犯被禁止从事养猪，救火或在殡葬馆工作)。在一些发达国家，为了阻止穷人结婚或者同居这一目的，通过如果他们这么干的话就砍掉他们的福利这种手段来达到。
Even more important than scrapping foolish policies is retooling the educational system, whichwas designed in an age when most men worked with their muscles. Politicians need to recognisethat boys'underachievement is a serious problem, and set about fixing it. Some sensiblepolicies that are good for everybody are particularly good for boys. Early-childhood educationprovides boys with more structure and a better chance of developing verbal and social skills.Countries with successful vocational systems such as Germany have done a better job thanAnglo-Saxon countries of motivating non-academic boys and guiding them into jobs, butpolicymakers need to reinvent vocational education for an age when trainees are more likely toget jobs in hospitals than factories.
不过比起废弃愚蠢的政策，改革设计于大多数男人都是用肌肉(而非脑)工作的年代的教育系统显得更为重要。政治家门应该意识到男孩们的学习成绩不良师一个很严峻的问题，并应立足于改善之。一些明智的政策是为每个人都好，特别是对男孩。早期儿童教育会提供男孩们更系统并更能更好的发展他们的口语能力和社会技能。有着成功的职业教育系统的国家如德国，在鼓励男孩去学术化，重职业化，并指导他们工作上，已经做的比起盎格鲁-撒克逊国家而言要好的多了。但政策制定者应将恢复职业教育的重心放在使受训者更倾向于日后在医院工作而不是在工厂工作这种时代要求上。
More generally, schools need to become more boy-friendly. They should recognise that boys liketo rush around more than girls do: it’s better to give them lots of organised sports andenergy-eating games than to dose them with Ritalin or tell them off for fidgeting. They need toprovide more male role models: employing more male teachers in primary schools will bothsupply boys with a male to whom they can relate and demonstrate that men can be teachersas well as firefighters.
更广泛而言，学校需要变得更亲男孩化一些。他们应该意识到男孩比起女孩而言就是会更可能到处闯祸：比起给他们吃药或告诫他们不要乱动而言，最好还是提供给他们一些有组织的运动和耗费精力的游戏。他们需要男性榜样角色：在小学阶段，雇佣更多的男性教师，这不但可以给男孩子提供他们可以认同的男性角色，还可以为男人可以像成为消防员一样的成为教师提供实证。
The growing equality of the sexes is one of the biggest achievements of the post-war era:people have greater opportunities than ever before to achieve their ambitions regardless oftheir gender. But some men have failed to cope with this new world. It is time to give them ahand.
男女越来越平等是战后我们取得的重大成就之一：比起以前，现今人们不论性别都可以拥有更好的机会去实现他们的梦想。但是一些男士未能适应这个新的世界，是时候对他们伸出援手了。
【重点讲解】
1、learn to 得知;学会
例句:Eventually, you'll learn to cry that on theinside.
终有一天，你会学会让泪往心里流。
2、appear to 似乎;好像
例句:By all accounts, Rodger would appear to be afine fellow.
据说，罗杰是个好小伙。
3、plenty of 许多;大量的
例句:There were plenty of servants to wait on her.
有很多仆人服侍她。
4、likely to 倾向于;可能要
例句:The fires are likely to permanently deforest the land.
这些火灾很可能会彻底毁掉这片土地上的森林。
凯程教育：
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤 考研可以说是人生的一个转折驿站，一次改变命运的艰辛历练。作为考研路上的重要科目--英语，也成为不少考生脚下的牵绊石，而占分数比重的阅读理解，自然也是考试中的重头戏，能否巧妙的用对技巧，灵活应答，成为考生研路中的棘手问题，下面我们就层层推进，分析一下阅读的方法技巧和步骤攻略，揭开这层久未露面的神秘面纱。 一、阅读方法 阅读文章基本方法有3种，一是略读，二是精读，三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中3种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读，我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 二、阅读步骤 第一步：略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文，特别留意每段的第一句和末段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。 第二步：浏览问题有的放矢 浏览5个问题，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反映并覆盖了文章的主要内容。先阅读问题再阅读全文，这种方法的优点是：可在较短的时间内有针对性地阅读相关内容，便于给相关问题定位，有的放矢，事半功倍。 第三步：分析判断确定答案 在完成上面两步的基础上，对5个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是：要是文章内容涉及自己熟悉的题材和知识范畴，在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力，而不是你的某种知识，因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。 对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说，我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有5道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解，然后逐一解答。先寻读文章的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题，可先放一放，等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易，各个击破。 另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语（主题句，关键词）下面划线，标上符号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于阅读，节省时间，使阅
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(10) 新东方在线推荐：年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters a compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively. The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch
考研英语：阅读理解精选练习 在考研英语的学习中，阅读理解占到60%的分值（包括阅读理解A、B、C三部分）。其重要性不言而喻。如何提高阅读理解得分能力，将是决战考研英语成败的关键一环。而想要有效提升阅读能力，唯有在实战演练中不断磨砺、体会并归纳总结做题的经验教训，才能有所成效。下面，就跟着都教授每天学一点，每天进步一点吧！ Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparisonsites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recentpaper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose outfrom comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off. 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns. (B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance. (C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance. (D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites. 题目解析： 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns. referral cost和splashy advertising campaigns之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了） (B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance. 这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission你都不知道是什么就瞎选！ (C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs. 这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！ 正确答案C！！！） (D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites. 保险公司才没有花更多呢。 定位其实两个句子都是可以的： That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分 一、
1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句， 那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项， 就是正确答案
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读 Section II R eading Comprehension Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1 ①In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. ②A new phase in space exploration has begun. ①The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. ②Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. ③It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. ④In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.” ①The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. ②Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). ③Water is all but nonexistent. ①Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. ②For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. ③It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. ④In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace. 一、词汇 1．shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器 2．release v. 放出，释放 3.probe n. 探测 4.phase n. 阶段 5.density n. 密度 6.approximately ad. 大概，大约 7.stuff n. 材料，东西 8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的 10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线) 12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地 二、长难句 1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. 该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released … the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。 翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案 (七) “I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.”Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic”novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny. In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time. Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists…harbor… discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind…”) Woolf detested what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method. Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art. Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work