8D_Guideline

Appendix A GUIDE TO PREPARE INTERNSHIP REPORT1. INTRODUCTIONThis guideline is to assist students who are undergoing an Internship to prepare their final report.2. FORMAT OF THE REPORT2.1 The report is to be written in English and typed on single-sided A4paper, using 1.5 line spacing.2.2 Use Arial 12 font size. Font size for charts, graphs and tables mayvary according to format and space.2.3 Page layout for each page of the report is as shown below (1 inch =2.54 cm).2.4 Page number must be centered at the bottom of the page.2.5 The length of the report must be between 5,000 -7,000 words only.except with permission of School Supervisor.2.6 Illustrated materials should be of the original size. However if thematerial is bigger than A4, a reduced size is acceptable. Black, whiteand colour photographs and photostated copies are also accepted.2.7 Diagrams, charts and photographs must have titles/captions.Acknowledge the source of materials.2.8 Each report must contain:a. Title (ensure that the title is short and interesting)b. Acknowledgement abstract of not more than 200 wordsc. Table of contentd. List of tablese. List of figuresf. List of abbreviationsThe preface section (b - g) must be numbered in roman numerals and small caps (ii, iii, and so on).h. Outline of the report is as follows:3. SUBMISSION3.1 Student must submitthe Log Book and Report toUNIRAZAK within 1week after the end of the Internship placement.3.2 The Report will not be accepted without student‟s signature ondeclaration of originality of work.3.3 Delay in submission of the report is not allowed except underunforeseen circumstances where permission from the appropriateDean is required.3.4 Student is deemed to have failed the Internship placement if thereport is not submitted on time.4. REFERENCINGUse the Harvard Style author-date system for referencing or to quote within your written text and to list the REFERENCES used. Other systems can also be used consistently throughout with the permission of your supervisor.4.1 Referencing within the textAll references and quotes used in the text must be shown in thesame place where it is done.Example 1: Reference with One (1) AuthorAccording to Shaw (2011, p.318) not all instances of nepotism raiseserious moral concerns, as in a firm of family operation which has itspurpose of providing work for family members.orNot all instances of nepotism raise serious moral concerns, as in afirm of family operation which has its purpose of providing work forfamily members (Shaw 2011, p.318) .Note: Given there are references/quotes from the same authorwithin the same year, add alphabets in small letters next to the year;for example Nafziger (1997a, p. 317), Nafziger (1997b, p. 15). Bothreferences must be listed in the REFERENCES.Example 2: Reference with Two to Three (2 to 3) AuthorsThiroux and Kraseman (2009, p.400) claim that as we have movedout of crowded cities into the countryside nearby and createdsuburbs, we have eliminated more and more of the naturalNote: The same referencing can be done by placing the name ofthe authors at the end of the statement as per Example 1 above.Example 3: Reference with Four (4) or more AuthorsAkintoye et al. (2001, p. 2) defined private financing initiative (PFI)as public service delivery in the form of public-private partnership(PPP) where the responsibility to provide public service such astransportation, recreation, sewerage etc. is transferred from thepublic sector to the private sector for a stipulated period.Note: The name of the authors can also be placed at the end ofthe statement as per Example 1 above. However, all the namesmust be shown in a sequence like in Section 4.3(iii).4.2 Quotation within TextThe same format for Section 4(1) above can be used when usingquotations from any authors, but the symbol “....” may be used in thequotation used, and the page number from of the original quote mustbe shown after the year of publication. Quotes are commonly usedwhen a term or concepts is unique and is cumbersome to betranslated into the language you are using.Example: Quotation from One AuthorStatistics indicate that women and minorities play an unequal role inthe work world as theytend to be clustered in poorer-paying jobssuch as librarians, nurses, school teachers, secretaries, which is consistent with the so-called “pink-collar” occupations, which lead usto good reasons to believe that job discrimination certainly exists(Shaw 2011, p.427-428).Quotations such as the following should be indented on both sidesand reduced to font size 10.Sekaran (2000, p. 204) stressed that:“… use of better instruments will ensure more accurateresults, which in turn will enhance the scientific quality ofthe research. Hence in some way we need to assess the“goodness” of the measures developed. That is, we needto be reasonably sure that the instruments … indeedmeasure the variables they are supposed to, and that theymeasu re them accurately.”4.3 Listing References/QuotationsAny reference or quote used in your report must be listed in the REFERENCES. The references must be listed in alphabetical order according to the name of the first author.(i) Article in a JournalNelson, R (2008)‟ What Enables Rapid Economic progress:What are the Needed Institutions?‟ Reearch Policy, vol. 37 no.1pp.9-21(ii) BookNafziger, W.E. 1997, The economics of developingcountries,(3rd ed.), Prentice-Hall International Inc., New Jersey.(iii) Chapter in a BookAkintoye, A., Beck, M., Hardcastle, C., Chinyio, E. &Asenova,D. 2001, …Risks in Private Finance Initiative Projects, inMontanheiro, L. &Spiering, M. (eds.), Public and Private SectorPartnerships: The Enterprise Governance, Sheffield HallamUniversity Press, U.K.(iv) Conference/Seminar ProceedingsNarayanan, S., Lai, Y.W. &Cheah, K.G. 1993, …Transfer oftechnology revisited: Evidence from the electronics andelectrical sector in Penang‟, Paper presented at the MIERNational Outlook Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16-19April 1993.(v) ProceedingNarayanan, S., Lai, Y.W. &Cheah, K.G. 1993, …Transfer oftechnology revisited: Evidence from the electronics andelectrical sector in Penang‟ Prosiding MIER National OutlookConference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-17.(vi) Project Paper/Graduation Exercise/Dissertation/Thesis Tsao, Y. 1982, …Growth and productivity in Singapore: A supplyside analysis‟, Ph.D Dissertation, Harvard University, USA.(vii) Internet SourcesWorld Health Organization 2001, ‘Occupational and communitynoise’, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs258/en(Accessed 5 March 2007).APPENDIX B INTERNSHIP PLACEMENT AT XXXX ORGANIZATIONNAMESemesterXXXX/XXXXINTERNSHIP PLACEMENT AT XXXX ORGANIZATIONNAME(MATRIC NUMBER)INTERNSHIP PLACEMENT REPORTSubmitted to UniversitiTun Abdul Razakxxxx/xxxxDECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF WORKI confirm that thisInternship placement Report is my own work, except the information, excerpts and references used have been acknowledged. I also admit that the contents of the Report are original and have not been submittedto UniversitiTun Abdul Razak or other institutions for any other purposes.I am solely responsible forthe contents of thisReport,UniversitiTun Abdul Razakshall be absolved from any form of legal actions arising from this research.Signature: .........................................................................Name: ..........................................................................Matric No.: ..........................................................................Date: ..........................................................................CONTENTSSUBJECT PAGE DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTABSTRACTLIST OF TABLES LIST OF DIAGRAMS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO INTERNSHIP PLACEMENT1.1 Foreword1.2 Report Objective1.3 Report MethodologyCHAPTER 2ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND2.1 Organization‟s Background2.2 Mission2.3 Corporate Culture2.4 People‟s Culture2.5 Objective and Functions2.6 Role of Branch Unit2.7 Branch Management Organization2.8 Service ProvidedCHAPTER 3RELATED THEORY COMMENTSCHAPTER 4THEORY APPLICATION IN INTERNSHIP4.2 Role and Tasks in organization4.3 Review Achievement of Internship4.4 Problems and Overcoming MethodsCHAPTER 5CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONREFERENCES APPENDIX LIST OF TABLESLIST OF DIAGRAMLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS。

Guidelines佚名【期刊名称】《Asian Agricultural Research》【年(卷),期】2022(14)5【摘要】Journal Customer services,For ordering information,claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to contact your nearest office.America:Email:uschinamedia@yahoo,comTel:4006762388-8991189058 Fax:401-941-5829 Europe,Middle East,Africa and AsiaPacific:Email:**************;****************;**************** Tel:+86-551-65148112 Annual subscription rate(12 issues):US$300.【总页数】1页(PF0003)【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R24【相关文献】1.Introduction of a Japan Concrete Institute Guideline： Practical Guideline for Investigation, Repair and Strengthening of Cracked Concrete Structures2.Introduction of a JCl Guideline： Practical Guideline for Investigation, Repair and Strengthening of Cracked Concrete Structures3.2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension—A report of the Revision Committee of Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension4.The bold sedentarybehavior recommendations in the new Canadian guidelines: are they evidence-based? Response to "Sedentary Behavior Research Network members support new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations"5.Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma:the first evidence based guidelines from Japan因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

WHO《数据完整性指南》-2021（中英⽂对照版）3⽉29⽇，WHO发布了第 55 届药物制剂规范专家委员会（ECSPP）技术报告TRS No.1033，其中包含新的《数据完整性指南》，翻译如下，分享给⼤家！Guideline on data integrity数据完整性指南1. Introduction and background介绍和背景1.1. In recent years, the number ofobservations made regarding the integrity of data, documentation and recordmanagement practices during inspections of good manufacturingpractice (GMP) (2),good clinical practice (GCP), good laboratory practice (GLP) and GoodTrade andDistribution Practices (GTDP) have been increasing. The possible causes forthismay include近年来，在对良好⽣产规范(GMP)(2)、良好临床规范(GCP)、良好实验室规范(GLP)和良好贸易和分销规范(GTDP)的检查过程中，对数据完整性、⽂件和记录管理规范的缺陷数量持续增加。

可能的原因包括：(ⅰ) reliance on inadequate human practices;依赖于不适当的⼈员操作;(ⅱ)poorly defined procedures;规定糟糕的规程(ⅲ)resource constraints;资源限制(ⅳ) the use of computerized systems that are not capable of meetingregulatory requirements orare inappropriately managed and validated (3, 4);使⽤不满⾜法规要求，或管理/验证不当的计算机系统(3,4);(ⅴ) inappropriate and inadequate control of data flow; and不适当和不充分的数据流控制;和(ⅵ)failure to adequately review and manage original data and records.未能充分审核和管理原始数据和记录。

标准用英语怎么说Standard, in English, refers to a set of criteria or guidelines that are established and accepted as the norm for a certain activity, process, or product. Standards are essential for ensuring consistency, quality, and safety in various fields, including industry, technology, and education. In this document, we will explore the different ways to express the concept of "standard" in English.The most common translation of "标准" in English is "standard." This term is widely used in various contexts to denote a level of quality, performance, or expectation. For example, we often hear phrases like "industry standard," "international standard," or "quality standard," which all convey the idea of a benchmark or norm that is widely recognized and accepted.In addition to "standard," there are several other English expressions that can be used to convey similar meanings. For instance, "norm" is another word that is often used interchangeably with "standard." It refers to a standard or pattern of behavior that is typical or expected within a particular group or society. Similarly, "benchmark" is a term that is frequently used to describe a point of reference against which things can be compared or assessed.Furthermore, the term "criteria" is used to refer to a set of standards or rules by which something can be judged or evaluated. For example, when we talk about the selection criteria for a job or the eligibility criteria for a scholarship, we are referring to the specific standards or requirements that need to be met.Moreover, the word "guideline" is often used to denote a set of recommendations or instructions that are intended to help people achieve a certain standard or level of performance. Guidelines are commonly used in fields such as healthcare, education, and design to ensure that best practices are followed.Another term that is closely related to the concept of "standard" is "protocol." In the context of technology and communication, a protocol refers to a set of rules orprocedures for transmitting data between electronic devices. Similarly, in the field of diplomacy and international relations, a protocol refers to the formal rules of etiquette and behavior that govern official ceremonies and meetings.It is important to note that while these terms are often used interchangeably, they may have slightly different connotations or applications in specific contexts. Therefore, it is essential to consider the nuances of each term and use them appropriately to convey the intended meaning.In conclusion, the concept of "standard" can be expressed in English through various terms such as "norm," "benchmark," "criteria," "guideline," and "protocol." Each of these terms has its own unique nuances and applications, and it is important to use them accurately and appropriately in different contexts. By understanding the various ways to express the concept of "standard" in English, we can effectively communicate and uphold the principles of consistency, quality, and safety in our professional and personal endeavors.。

EDIELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE820 PAYMENT ORDER /ADVICE REMITTANCEIMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINE__________________________________ USING ASC X12 TRANSACTION SET 820004010VERSION1999MAYBNSF EDI820 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE__________________________________________________________________Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Payment Order/Remittance Advice Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 EDI Functional Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Segment ID Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Data Element Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Data Element Requirement Designator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Data Element Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sample 820 . . . (Waybill Number) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sample 820 . . . (Freight Bill Number) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Segments and Data Elements:GS Functional Group Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9ST Transaction Set Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11BPR Beginning Segment forPayment Order/Remittance Advice . . . . . . . . . 12 TRN Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14REF Reference Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15DTM Date/Time Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16N1 Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ENT Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Advice Accounts ReceivableRemittanceRMROpen Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 REF Reference Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20DTM Date/Time Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21SE Transaction Set Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22GE Functional Group Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23BNSF EDI820 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE__________________________________________________________________ IntroductionTransaction Set 820: Payment Order/Remittance AdviceThe 820 standard provides the format and establishes the data content of the PaymentOrder/Remittance advice transaction set within the context of an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) environment. This transaction set is used to transmit remittance and/or payment information to a bank with instructions to begin funds transfer. The bank subsequently passes the funds transfer request to BNSF's bank along with the 820 detail. At settlement, the Railroad's bank passes the 820 to Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad.Using the ASC X12 820 transaction set to electronically transmit data between business partners allows for consistent interpretation of payment information and reduces the chances of interpretive and data entry errors.Burlington Northern Santa Fe will accept the Payment Order/Remittance Advice information published by DISA for ASC X12. The following guidelines are all-inclusive and identify unique accounting requirements for use of the ASC X12 820 transaction set when transmitting data to Burlington Northern Santa Fe.To obtain X12 standards and documentation, contact:Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc.1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 200Alexandria, VA 22314-2840703-548-7005orWashington Publishing Company800-972-4334Orders:301-590-9337Phone:__________________________________________________________________ Payment Order/Remittance Advice ProcessingThe general steps in processing 820s electronically are initiated when the customer enters or creates payment order/remittance advice in their computer. This information, or data, is then formatted into the ASC X12 820 transaction set. This formatting may be performed by you, the customer, or your agent. After formatting, the transaction is delivered to your bank. Your bank will initiate funds transfer and pass the 820 to BNSF's bank. Once funds have transferred, BNSF's bank will send the 820 detail. This detail will be used to perform cash application of the identified records to BNSF's accounts receivable system.EDI Functional AcknowledgmentsBNSF will generate a 997 Functional Acknowledgment to our bank in response to the 820 that is received. Depending on your bank's EDI capabilities, you may receive your bank's 997 when you deliver the 820 to them.__________________________________________________________________The TransactionA transaction set is used to describe the electronic transmission of a single document (Payment Order/Remittance Advice, Bill of Lading, etc.) between one company's computer and another company's computer.EDI transactions are defined by segments, and each item within the segment becomes a data element. Segment ID Name, Data Element Type, Requirement Designator, and Length are described below. These identifiers are listed for each Data Element throughout the remainder of this guide. Segment ID Name(Header)SetHeaderTransactionSTGroupHeaderFunctionGSBPR Beginning Segment for Payment Order/Remittance AdviceInstructionNTE Note/SpecialTRN TraceCUR CurrencyReferenceIdentificationREFReferenceDTMDate/TimeNameN1InformationNameAdditionalN2InformationN3AddressLocationGeographicN4Communications ContactPERAdministrativeMethoddeliveryRDMRemittance(Detail)EntityENTNM1 Individual or Organization NameIdentificationReferenceREFAdministrativeCommunications ContactPERReferenceDate/TimeDTMIT1 Baseline Item Data (Invoice)RMR Remittance Advice Accounts Receivable Open Item ReferenceInstructionNote/SpecialNTE(Summary)TrailerSetTransactionSE__________________________________________________________________ Data Element TypeSpecifies the characters that may be used.Nn Numeric N indicates that it is numeric; n indicates decimal place.R Decimal R indicates an optional decimal point for integer values ora required decimal for decimal values. BNSF can acceptpositive and decimal values. Do not send fractions orvalues.negativeID Identifier A specific code taken from a table defined in the DataElement Dictionary such as unit of measure.AN String A series of alpha/numeric characters, such as a company name.DT Date Date expressed as CCYYMMDDTM Time HHMM expressed in 24-hour clock format.Data Element Requirement DesignatorIndicates when this element must be included in an electronic document.M Mandatory The Data Element is required in the Segment.C Conditional The Data Element may be required in the Segment basedisused.elementwhetheronanotherO Optional The Data Element may or may not be used in the Segmentat the option of the user.Data Element LengthThe minimum length and maximum length of the characters in the data element.1/15 Indicates that "1" is the minimum acceptable value andmaximum.theis"15"BNSF EDI820 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDESample 820[SAMPLE: WAYBILL NUMBER IN RMR SEGMENT]GS*RA*CUSTID0001*BNSF*19990101*1530*9102*X*004010ST*820*000000001BPR*C*10000*C*ACH*CTX*01*1234*DA*555*CUSTID0001**01*987*DA*345123*19990101 TRN*1*1001983525REF*CD*1234564114REF*TN*1001983525 (Mandatory if TRN segment is not used)DTM*007*19990101N1*PE*BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FEN1*PR*CUSTOMER NAMEENT*1RMR*WY*123456**2000REF*D0*RATE AUTHORITY*PER ITEM 12121 RATE SHOULD BE $2000 PER CARREF*BM*1001REF*EQ*BNSF456002DTM*095*19990101RMR*WY*999999**5000REF*BM*1002REF*EQ*BNSF458869DTM*095*19990101RMR*WY*999787**3000REF*BM*1003REF*EQ*BNSF458870DTM*095*19990101SE*23*0000000001GE*1*9102__________________________________________________________________ Sample 820[SAMPLE: FREIGHT BILL NUMBER IN RMR SEGMENT]GS*RA*CUSTID0001*BNSF*19990101*1530*9102*X*004010ST*820*000000001BPR*C*10000*C*ACH*CTX*01*1234*DA*555*CUSTID0001**01*987*DA*345123*19990101 TRN*1*1001983525REF*CD*1234564114REF*TN*1001983525 (Mandatory if TRN segment is not used)DTM*007*19990101N1*PE*BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FEN1*PR*CUSTOMER NAMEENT*1RMR*FR*018923888**5000REF*BM*1003DTM*022*19990101RMR*FR*018923889**5000REF*BM*1004DTM*022*19990101SE*16*0000000001GE*1*9102[SAMPLE: FREIGHT BILL NUMBER IN RMR SEGMENT WITH DISPUTED PAYMENT] GS*RA*CUSTID0001*BNSF*19990101*1530*9102*X*004010ST*820*000000001BPR*C*9500*C*ACH*CTX*01*1234*DA*555*CUSTID0001**01*987*DA*345123*19990101 TRN*1*1001983525REF*CD*1234564114REF*TN*1001983525 (Mandatory if TRN segment is not used)DTM*007*19990101N1*PE*BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FEN1*PR*CUSTOMER NAMEENT*1RMR*FR*018923888**4500REF*D0*OTHER*DIVERSION TO DENVERREF*BM*1003DTM*022*19990101RMR*FR*018923889**5000REF*BM*1004DTM*022*19990101SE*17*0000000001GE*1*9102__________________________________________________________________Segment : GS - Functional Group Header Loop : - Level : Functional Group Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : - Purpose : To indicate the beginning of a functional group and to provide control information.Example :GS*RA*CUSTID0001*BNSF*19990101*1530*9102*X*004010SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSGS01 479 Functional ID Code2/2MIDCode identifying a group of application related transaction sets RA=Payment Order/Remittance Advice (820)GS02 142 ApplicationSender's Code 2/15 M AN Code identifying partysending transmission; codes agreed to by trading partnersGS03 124 ApplicationReceiver's Code2/15 M AN Code identifyingreceiving transmission; Codes agreed to by trading partners "BNSF"GS04 373 Date 8/8 M DT Date of transmission;expressed as YYYYMMDDGS05337Time4/8 M TM Time of transmission;expressed as HHMM; expressed in 24-hr clock time (00-23)GS Segment continued on next page__________________________________________________________________GS Segment ContinuedSEG DATAELEMENT NAME MIN-MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSGS06 28Group ControlNumber 1/9 M N0Assignednumberoriginated &maintained by thesender. The number inthis header must beIdentical to the samedata element in theassociated functionalgroup trailer, GE02.GS07 455ResponsibleAgency Code1/2 M ID "X" only for ASC X12GS08 480Version/ReleaseIndustry IdentifierCode 1/12 M ANSender'stransmissionstandard version004010.__________________________________________________________________Segment : ST - Transaction Set Header Loop : -Level : Header Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 17 Purpose : To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number.Example : ST*820*000000001SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSST01143TS ID CODE3/3MID"820" Definition: Payment Order / Remittance AdviceST02 329 TS CONTROL NUMBER 4/9 M AN Sender's messagecontrol number__________________________________________________________________Segment : BPR - Beginning Segment for Payment Order/Remittance AdviceLoop : -Level : Header Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 245 Purpose : To indicate the beginning of a Payment Order/Remittance Advice Transaction Set and total payment amount, or to enable related transfer of funds and/or information from payer to payee to occurExample : BPR*C*10000*C*ACH*CTX*01*1234*DA*555* CUSTID0001**01*987*DA*345123*19990101 SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSBPR01 305 Transaction Handling Code 1/1 M ID C=Payment accompaniesremittance adviceBPR02 782 Monetary Amount 1/18 M R Total payment amount for allitemsBPR03 478 Credit/Debit Flag Code1/1 M ID C=CreditD=Debit BPR04 591 Payment Method Code 3/3 M ID Instruction to the origin bankon the method of pmt orderbeing transmitted.ACH=Automated Clearing HouseBPR05 812Payment Format Code 1/10 O ID1.CTX=Corporate Trade Exchange (CTX)(ACH)P=(CCD+)(ACH)Optional - helpful if usedBPR06 506 DFI ID Number Qualifier2/2 M ID01=ABA Transit Routing Number.BPR Segment Continued on next page__________________________________________________________________BPR Segment ContinuedSEG DATAELEMENT NAME MIN-MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSBPR07507DFI ID Number3/12M AN Depository FinancialInstitution (DFI) ID Number.BPR08569Account NumberQualifier Code 1/3O ID Type of Account.DA=Demand DepositBPR09508Account Number1/35C AN Acct Number of Companyoriginating payment..If BPR08 is present, then BPR09is required.BPR10509OriginatingCompany ID 10/10O AN Unique identifier designatingthe company initiating thefunds transfer instructions.First character is one-digitANSI ID code followed by 9-digit ID NumberBPR11510OriginatingCompanySupplementalCode 9/9O AN Code defined between theOriginating Company &Originating DepositoryFinancial Institution thatidentifies the Companyinitiating the transfer.BPR12506DFI ID NumberQualifier 2/2M ID01=ABA Transit RoutingNumber.BPR13507DFI ID Number3/12M AN Depository FinancialInstitution (DFI) ID Number.BPR14569Account NumberQualifier Code 1/3O ID Type of Account.DA=Demand DepositIf BPR14 is present, then BPR15is required.BPR15508Account Number1/35C AN Payee's Account NumberBPR16373PaymentEffective Date 8/8M DT Date expressed asCCYYMMDD__________________________________________________________________Segment : TRN – TraceLoop : - Level : Header Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : Purpose : To uniquely identify a transaction to an application. The Trace Number identifies the payment.Example : TRN*1*1001983525SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSTRN01 481 Trace Type Code 1/2 M ID 1=Current Transaction TraceNumbersTRN02 127 ReferenceNumber1/10MAN Trace Number (with nospaces or punctuation) -provides unique identification for the transactionTRN03 509 Originating Company ID10/10O AN Identifies an organizationTRN04 127 Reference Number1/30OAN Not used by BNSFNote: If Software does not provide for a TRN Segment, then REF01*TN and REF02 asindicated on following page is required.__________________________________________________________________ Segment :REF - Reference IdentificationLoop : -Level :HeaderUsage :Optional-May be required on certain BNSF ProgramsMaxUse :>1MaxLength:120Purpose : To specify identifying informationExample :REF*CD*1234564114SEG DATAELEMENT NAME MIN-MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSREF01128 Ref ID Qualifier 2/3 M ID CD=BNSF Patron CodeCK=Check NumberTN=Trace NumberREF02 127 Reference ID 1/10 C AN As defined by the Ref IDQualifier.(Required if REF01 is used) REF03 352 Description 1/80 C AN Free form description Note: If TRN Segment is not used, then REF01 TN or CK is required.__________________________________________________________________ Segment :DTM - Date/Time ReferenceLoop : -Level :HeaderUsage :MandatoryMaxUse :>1MaxLength:69Purpose : To specify pertinent dates and timesExample :DTM*007*19990101SEG DATAELEMENT NAME MIN-MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSDTM01 374 Date/TimeQualifier 3/3 M ID007=EffectiveDTM02 373 Date 8/8 C DTCCYYMMDD DTM03337Time 4/8 C TM HHMM, Time expressed in24-hr clock timeDTM04 623 TimeCode 2/2 O IDCT=CentralTimeET=Eastern TimeMT=Mountain TimePT=Pacific Time__________________________________________________________________Segment :N1 - Name Loop : N1 Repeat: >1 Level : Header Usage : Mandatory Max Use : >1 Max Length : 159 Purpose : To identify a party by type of organization, name and codeExample : N1*PR*CUSTOMER NAME N1*PE*BURLINGTON NORTHERN SANTA FESEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSN101 98 Entity Identifier Code 2/3 M ID PE=PayeePR=PayerN102 93 Name 1/60 C AN Free Form Name (Required if N101 is used)N103 66 ID CodeQualifier1/2 C ID Not used by BNSF N104 67 ID Code 2/80C AN Not used by BNSF N105 706 EntityRelationship Code2/2 O ID Not used by BNSF N106 98 Entity ID Code2/3OID Not used by BNSFBNSF EDI820 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE__________________________________________________________________Segment : ENT - EntityLoop : ENT Repeat: >1 Level : Detail Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 222 Purpose : To designate the entities which are parties to a transaction and specify a reference meaningful to those entitiesExample : ENT*1 SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSENT01 554 Assigned Number 1/6 O N0 Only ENT01 is necessarybecause there is a singleentity communicating with a single entity (sender to receiver)ENT02 98 Entity ID Code2/3C ID Not used by BNSF ENT03 66 ID CodeQualifier1/2 C ID Not used by BNSFENT04 67 ID Code 2/80 C AN Not used by BNSF ENT05 98 Entity ID Code 2/3 C ID Not used by BNSF ENT06 66 ID CodeQualifier1/2 C ID Not used by BNSF ENT07 67 ID Code 2/80 C AN Not used by BNSF ENT08 128 Ref ID Qualifier 2/3 C ID Not used by BNSF ENT09 127 Reference ID1/30CAN Not used by BNSF__________________________________________________________________Segment : RMR - Remittance Advice Accounts Receivable Open Item Loop : ENT/RMR Repeat: >1 Level : Detail Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 121 Purpose : To specify the accounts receivable open item(s) to be included in the cash application and to convey the appropriate detailExample : RMR*WY*123456**5000SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSRMR01 128 ReferenceIdentification Qualifier2/3 M ID WY=Waybill NumberBM=Bill of Lading Number FR=Freight Bill Number or Miscellaneous Bill Number(See Note Below)RMR02 127 Reference ID 1/30 CAN Reference information asdefined by the Reference ID Qualifier in RMR01 WY=123456RMR03 482 Payment Action Code 2/2OID PO=Payment on AccountSpecifies how the cash is to be appliedRMR04 782.00 MonetaryAmount1/18 M R Amount PaidNote:The preferred qualifier in RMR01 is WY or FR. If WY or FR is notavailable, then BM should be used. IF RMR*WY or RMR*BM is used, then REF*EQ is mandatory.DTM Segment is required in conjunction with RMR01*WY and RMR01*BM.__________________________________________________________________Segment : REF – Reference NumbersLoop : ENT/RMR Level : Detail Usage : Optional Max Use : >1 Max Length : 120 Purpose : To specify identifying informationExample : REF*BM*1001 REF*EQ*BNSF456002 REF*D0*RATE AUTHORITY*RATE SHOULD BE $2000 PER CARSEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSREF01128 Reference Identification Qualifier 2/3 M ID WY=Waybill NumberBM=Bill of Lading Number EQ=Equipment NumberFR=Freight Bill Number or Miscellaneous Bill Number(See Note 1 Below)D0=Dispute Reason Code(See Note 2 Below)REF02 127 Reference ID 1/30 CAN Reference information asdefined by the Reference ID Qualifier in REF01 BM=1001IDs for D0 (Dispute Reason Code):Equipment Size Origin/Destination OtherRate Authority Service LevelThrough Rate vs Rule 11 WeightREF03 352 Description 1/60 CAN A free form description toclarify the related data elements & their contentNote 1. If Waybill Number or Bill of Lading Number or Freight Bill Number is used in the RMR Segment, then same Number is not needed in the REF Segment. If REF*WY or REF*BM is used, then REF*EQ is mandatory. Note 2. If payment is based on an amount that is different from the amount shown on BNSF’s Freight Bill, use an REF Segment with a D0 qualifier. The REF02 should be one of the Reference IDs listed under Contents. The REF03 is used to provide additional information related to the amount being paid.BNSF EDI820 IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE__________________________________________________________________Segment : DTM - Date/Time ReferenceLoop : ENT/RMR Level : Detail Usage : Optional Max Use : >1 Max Length : 69 Purpose : To specify pertinent dates and timesExample : DTM*095*19990101SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSDTM01 374. Date/TimeQualifier 3/3MID 095=Bill of Lading Date orWaybill Date 022=Freight Bill DateDTM02 373 Date8/8 C DT CCYYMMDD__________________________________________________________________Segment : SE - Transaction Set TrailerLoop : - Level : Summary Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 24 Purpose : To indicate the end of the transaction set and provide the count of the transmitted segments (including the beginning (ST) and ending (SE) segments) Comment : An (SE) is the last segment of each transaction setExample : SE*18*000000001SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTS SE01 96 Number of included Segments 1/10MN0 Total number of Segmentsincluded in a transaction set including ST and SE SegmentsSE02 329 Transaction Set Control Number4/9MAN Transaction Set ControlNumber - must be identical to the Transaction Set Control Number in the ST Segment__________________________________________________________________Segment : GE - Functional Group TrailerLoop : - Level : Functional Group Usage : Mandatory Max Use : 1 Max Length : 24 Purpose : To indicate the end of a functional group and to provide control information.Example : GE*1*9102SEG DATA ELEMENT NAME MIN - MAXREQ TYPE CONTENTSGE01 97 Number of Transaction Sets Included 1/6MN0 Total number of transactionsets included in the functional group terminated by the trailer containing this data elementGE02 28 Group Control Number1/9MN0 Assigned number originated& maintained by the sender. This number must be identical to the same data element in the associated functional group header, GS06.。

【H】G P T1-1指导原则编号:化学药物急性毒性研究技术指导原则（第二稿）二OO四年三月一日急性毒性研究技术指导原则目录一、概述 (2)二、基本原则 (3)三、研究内容 (3)四、数据分析及评价 (5)五、名词解释 (6)六、参考文献 (6)七、附录 (7)八、起草说明 (17)九、著者 (20)急性毒性研究技术指导原则一、概述动物急性毒性试验是指动物一次或24小时内多次给予受试物后，一定时间内所产生的毒性反应。

所有拟用于人的药物通常需要进行动物急性毒性试验[1]。

从新药开发的客观规律来看，急性毒性试验处在毒理研究的早期阶段，所获得的信息有助于重复给药毒性试验的剂量选择，初步揭示受试物可能的毒性作用靶器官，同时也会暴露一些迟发的毒性反应。

另外，急性毒性试验的结果有时可用作Ⅰ期临床试验起始剂量选择的参考，并能提供一些与人类急性药物中毒相关的信息[1，2]。

由OECD（Organization of Economic Corporation and Development）于1987提出的动物急性毒性试验称为经典的急性毒性试验[3]，为新药的开发作出了重要贡献。

美国、欧盟、日本为了国际注册要求的统一协调，于1991年召开了第一次人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会（ICH1），对经典急性毒性试验进行了科学、客观的分析与评价，认为经典急性毒性试验存在较大的局限性，有些要求缺乏科学基础。

各方在科学的基础上就急性毒性试验达成了共识：建议采用两种啮齿类动物或一种啮齿类动物加一种非啮齿类动物的严格设计的、单次给药的、逐渐增加剂量的耐受性研究，取代啮齿类动物或非啮齿类动物半数致死量（LD50）测定的要求[4]。

在1997年进行的第二次ICH会议中，又对支持单次给药临床试验的动物急性毒性试验进行了讨论 [5]。

我国在1993年和2001年分别发布了两版有关急性毒性试验的指导原则，在我国的新药研发中发挥了重要作用。

随着我国加入WTO，国产新药进行国际注册成为必然，这种情况下，技术指导原则应首先符合国际注册的要求。

（汽车行业）汽车行业英文缩写OTS=off tooling samples 即全工装状态下非节拍生产条件下制造出来的样件.用于验证产品的设计能力.(用于验证设计出来的产品是否符合客户要求，同时也是对生产工装的验证) 同时OTS也可以叫模具样品，LH 要求汇总书(一个项目的所有资料)TPB 产品技术描述(图纸、技术供货条件等等)DKM 数据控制模型(汽车形状1:1的基准样车)P P认可＝计划认可(决定投入批量生产)B B认可＝采购认可(对生产手段的投资认可)D D认可＝零件生产和供应认可(为零批量)BMG 产品工程性能认可EM 进行首批样件检验的首批样件，首批样件检验也称首批样件认可。

EMPB EMPB＝首批样件检验报告(供货商对其样件检验的文件)2TP 两日生产(供货厂的批量预生产，用来验证批量能力)PVS 生产试制批量0S 零批量(在批量生产条件下的总演习)SF 批量认可(对批量生产的产品认可)EPF (批量供货)计划认可KAF 集团路试验收(质量方面的批量认可)SOP 生产启动(批量生产启动)ME 市场导入(提供给销售商)CAD 计算机辅助设计COP 沿用件(与先前车型通用的零件) CKD 全部拆散SKD 部分拆散HT 自制件KT 外购件(外部供货厂生产的零件)KD 售后服务OTS 用批量生产的模具生产的零件TE 技术开发部PE (合资厂中的)产品工程部TL 技术供货条件TS 产品零件表ZP 检查点ZSB 总成AEKO (产品)改动的控制组织常用英文缩写对照表汽车行业英文缩写(2009-05-06 14:34:33)OSM- Outside of MaterialOTC Over The Counter 非处方药，可在柜台上卖的药PA Program Approvalpallet n. 托盘Passenger Vehicle 乘用车PAT- Program Attributes Team 产品属性小组PDL Product Design LetterPH Proportions&HardpointsPIPC- Percentage of Indexes with Process Capability 能力指数百分比PIST- Percentage of Inspection points Satisfying Tolerance 检测点满意工差百分比PMT- Program Moudle Team 产品模块小组PO Purchase OrderPPAP- Production Part Approval Process 生产件批准程序PPSR Production Preparation Status ReportPQA Process Quality AssurancePR Program ReadinessPre-Launch 试生产price-driven costing 价格引导成本Production Preparation-Final Nissan - PT2/Renault - PP Production Preparation-Initial Nissan - PT1/Renault - PPP3 Production Trial Run 试生产Prototype 样件QFD Quality Funtion Deploy质量功能展开QFTT Quality Functional Task TeamQR- Quality Reject 质量拒收QS Quality StandardRAN Release Authorisation Numberreverse 倒车档RFQ Request For Quotation询价RKD Reverse Knock DownRLQ Receiving Lot QuantityROC Rate of ClimbROI return on investment 报酬率ROP Re-Order PointRTO Required To OperateSAIS Supplier Assessment & Improvement System SC Strategic Confirmation/significant Charac’teristics SDS- System/ Design Specifications 系统/设计说明second gear 二档SFMEA System FMEAShipping Date 出货日、Invoice Date 发票日或On Board Date 装船日Side Windshield 侧窗玻璃SJ Strategic IntentSNP Standard Number of Parts1PP- First Phase of Production Prove-Out 第一次试生产3C Customer(顾客导向)、Competition(竞争导向)、Competence（专长导向）4S Sale, Sparepart零配件, Service, Survey信息反馈5S 整理，整顿，清理，清洁，素养8D- 8 DisciplineABS Anti-lock Braking SystemAIAG 美国汽车联合会ANPQP Alliance New Product Quality ProcedureApportionment 分配APQP Advanced Product Quality PlanBacklite Windshield 后窗玻璃Benchmark Data 样件资料bloodshot adj.充血的, 有血丝的BMW Bavarian Motor WorksSOW- state of work 工作申明SPC Statistical Process ControlSQA Supplier Quality AssuranceSREA- Supplier Request for Engineering Approval 供应商工程设计更改申请ST Surface TranferSTRS Supplier Test Report SystemSubcontractor 分承包商Sunroof Windshield 天窗玻璃SUV Sports Utility VehicleTAG Test Aptitude GraphiqueTCO Total Cost of Ownership 总持有成本TCRA Total Cost Reduction ActivityTGR Things Gone RightTGW Things Gone WorstTM Techinical ManualTPM Total Preventive MaintenanceTTO-Tool Try Out 工装验证UOM Unit Of MeasureVES Vehicle uation SystemVO- Vehicle Operation 主机厂VPP- Vehicle Program Plan 整车项目计划VQA Vehicle Quality AssuranceVTTO- Vendor Tool Try-Out 供应商工装验证WERS- World Wide Engineering Release System WVTA Whole Vehicle Type Approval凹坑concave车床lathe抽查试验spot check test出厂试验delivery test次品defective product调幅amplitude modulation (AM) 调频Frequency Modulation断差offset对讲机interphone法平面normal plane翻车rollover返工re-doing防滑地板no-skid floor仿真emulation副作用side effect改装厂refitting factory隔热板heat shield后围侧板rear wall side cover划痕scratchC.P.M Certified Purchasing manger 认证采购经理人制度CB- Confirmation Build 确认样车制造CC- Change CutOff 设计变更冻结CCSC- critical/significant characteristicCCR Concern & Countermeasure RequestCCT Cross Company TeamCharacteristics Matrix 特性矩阵图COD Cash on Delivery 货到付现预付货款(T/T in advance) CP1- Confirmation Prototype 1st 第一次确认样车CP2- Confirmation Prototype 2nd 第二次确认样车Cpk 过程能力指数Cpk=Zmin/3CPO Complementary Parts OrderCraftsmanship 精致工艺Cross-functional teams 跨功能小组CUV Car-Based Ultility VehicleD1：信息收集；8DD2：建立8D小组；D3：制定临时的围堵行动措施，避免不良品流出；D4：定义和证实根本原因，避免再发；D5：根据基本原因制定永久措施；D6：执行和确认永久措施；D7：预防再发，实施永久措施；D8：认可团队和个人的贡献。