第一章细胞遗传学基础
细胞(cell)细胞膜(cell membrane)
质膜(plasma membrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)
细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmic matrix)
线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)
粗面内质网(rough reticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smooth endoplasmic reticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgi body)中心体(centrosome)
核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attached ribosomes)
游离核糖体(free ribosomes)核膜(nuclear membrane)
核基质(nuclear matrix)核液(nuclear sap)
核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)
常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)
结构异染色质(constitutive heterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultative heterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)
主缢痕(primary constriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentric chromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentric 端着丝粒(te locentric chromosome)次缢痕(secondary constriction)
随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)
核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)
单倍体(haploidy)多倍体(polyploid)
异源多倍体(allopolyploid)同源多倍体(autopolyploid)
双精受精(disperm y)合子(zygote)
组成型多倍体(constitutional polyploid)缺倍体(nulliploid)
非整倍性(aneuploi dy)亚倍体(hypoploid)
单体性(monosomy)缺对性(nullisomy)
超二倍体(hyperploid)三体性(trisomy)
双三体性(ditrisomy)四体性(tetrasomy),
染色体不分离(nondisjunction)后期延迟(anaphase lag)
后期延迟运动(delayed movement,lagging)混倍性(mixoploidy)
镶嵌型(mosaicism)嵌合型(chimerism)
细胞(cell)细胞膜(cell membrane)
质膜(plasma membrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)
细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmic matrix)
线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)
粗面内质网(rough reticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smooth endoplasmic reticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgi body)中心体(centrosome)
核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attached ribosomes)
游离核糖体(free ribosomes)核膜(nuclear membrane)
核基质(nuclear matrix)核液(nuclear sap)
核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)
常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)
结构异染色质(constitutive heterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultative heterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)
主缢痕(primary constriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentric chromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentric 端着丝粒(te locentric chromosome)次缢痕(secondary constriction)
随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)
核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)
超螺线体(super solenoid)核型(karyotype)
核型分析(karyotype analysis)核型模式图(idiogram)
C分带(centromere banding)Q分带(quinacrine banding)
G分带(Giemsa banding)R分带(reverse banding)
N分带(N banding)高分辨显带(high-resolution banding)
细胞周期(cell cycle)间期(interphase)
有丝分裂(mitosis)减数分裂(meiosis)
有丝分裂期(M phase)细线期(leptonema)
凝线期(synizesis)偶线期(zygonema)
联会(synapsis)联会复合体(synapt onemal complex,SC)粗线期(pachynema)双价体(bivalent)
双线期(diplonema)交叉端化(terminalization of chiasmata)
终变期(diakinesis)浓缩期(diakinesis)
染色体重建(chromosomereconstruction)缺失(deletion)
重复(duplication)倒位(inversion)
易位(translocation)中间缺失(interstitial deletion)
假显性现象(pseudo dominance)顺接重复(tandem duplication)
反接重复(reverse duplication)不等交换(unequal crossing over)
剂量效应(dosage effect)臂内倒位(paracentric inversion)
臂间倒位(pericentric inversion)简单易位(simple translocation)
相互易位(reciprocal transloca tion)移位易位(shift translocation)
复合易位(complex translocation)等臂染色体(isochromosome)
第二章分子遗传学基础
基因gene外显子exon
内含子intron基因组genome
密码子codon起始密码子initiator
同义密码子synonym多义密码子ambiguous codon
核糖体ibosome表观基因组学epigenomics
启动子promoter增强子enhancer
沉默子silencer化学修饰chemical modification
基因突变gene mutation)碱基base
回复突变reversion)暗修复dark repair)
切除修复excision repair)缺口修复gap repair
错配修复mismatch repair重组recombination
同源重组homologous recombination转座transposition
限制性核酸内切酶restriction endonuclease载体vector
第三章免疫遗传学基础
免疫力immunity免疫防immunologic defence
自我稳定homeostasis自身免疫病autoimmune disease
非特异性免疫non-special immunity特异性免疫special immunity
免疫应答immune response细胞免疫应答cellular immune respons
免疫系统immune system免疫球蛋白mmunoglobulin (Ig)
抗体antibody (Ab) 结构域domain
型群phenogroup调理作用opsonization
基因簇gene cluster重组信号序列recombination signal sequence (RSS) 类别转换class switch同种型转换isotype switch
第四章质量性状的遗传
质量性状qualititative character遗传descendiblity heredity inherit
染色体chromosome性染色体sex chromosome
常染色体euchromosome伴性遗传sex-linked inheritance
限性遗传sex—limited inheritance从性遗传sex—influenced inheritance 血型blood group显性上位作用dominant epistasis
隐性上位作用recessive epistasis重叠作用duplicate effect
基因座位gene locus等位基因allele
复等位基因multiple alleles上位基因epistatic gene
性连锁基因sex-linked gene显性性状dominant characters
隐性性状recessive characters育种breeding
杂交育种cross breeding伴性基因sex-linked genes
隐性纯合子allozygote杂合子heterozygote
显性基因dominant gene隐性基因recessive gene
就巢性broodiness
自别雌雄auto-sexing骡鸭mule duck
测交test cross隐性致死recessive lethal
半致死基因semi-lethal gene标记基因marker gene
父本male parent母本female parent
繁殖力fecundity遗传效应genctic effect
杂交优势heterotic vigor经济性状practical characters
碱基对base pair遗传缺陷genetic defects
下位基因hypostatic gene基因文库gene library
完全显性complete dominance不完全显性incomplete dominance
共显性codominance连锁遗传linkage inheritance