2020上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编PDF.pdf

2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Ancient Myth﹣﹣﹣A Hit With Modern AudiencesThis summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re﹣telling of the ancient myth of Nezha． The animated film （1）________（take） in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever． It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to （2）________produced in Hollywood and Japan．The film， directed by Yang Yu， was a massive undertaking（任务） from start to finish． He spent two years writing the script（剧本） and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1，600 animators． But for Yang， it was a way to prove to himself that he （3）________change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well．“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career，” said Yang，“Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams．”（4）________（convey）the message that “your f ate is in your own hands，” Yang made some changes to the original myth． Nezha was born a devil（恶魔），（5）________（fate） to cause mischief（恶作剧）， but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing， the third son of the Dragon King．（6）________the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，in Yang’s film， all of the characters are treated with empathy， and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate，（7）________， actually， have the potential to change and become good．Over the years，I have come across a few students labeled as “devils．” Although some misbehaved simply （8）________they were not mature enough， others were trouble﹣making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood． Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad． As they grew up， they would have the power to change their circumstances．If you have seen Nezha， you know （9）________a terrific， entertaining film it is． Butan important lesson is also conveyed in the film （10）________we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly， so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate．【答案】has taken,those,could,To convey,fated,Despite,who,because,what,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】今年夏天，中国各大电影院出人意料地热映了一部讲述古老神话的电影《哪吒》．这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一．本文讲述了电影的制作过程以及导演想要表达的思想．【解答】（1）has taken．考查谓语动词．根据副词ever以及并列的谓语动词 become ，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，和主语The animated film 一致，谓语动词has taken．（2）those．考查代词．代指animated films ，用those．（3）could．考查情态动词．本句表示“这是一种向自己证明自己能够改变命运、激励他人改变命运的方式”，所以和上半句时态一致，表示“能够”，用情态动词could．（4）To convey．考查动词不定式．做Yang made some changes to the original myth的目的状语，用动词不定式To convey．（5）fated．考查非谓语动词．做 Nezha was born a devil（恶魔）的状语，和主语Nezha构成被动关系，表示“被赋予…的命运”，用过去分词 fated．（6）Despite．考查介词．本句表示" 尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情“，所以表示”尽管"，修饰短语the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，用介词Despite．（7）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词the “bad” people ，做非限制性定语从句 have the potential to change and become good的主语，用关系词who．（8）because．考查连词．本句表示“虽然有些人因为不够成熟而行为不端，还有些人在心情不好的时候却会制造麻烦和不合作．”，所以引导原因状语从句they were not mature enough，用连词because．（9）what．考查感叹句．修饰以名词a terrific， entertaining film开头的感叹句it is，用what．（10）that．考查同位语从句．说明名词 an important lesson 的内容，引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly，用that．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood﹣hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problemsVenetians（威尼斯人）are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems： record﹣breaking flooding， environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over﹣tourism．They feel largely left to their own devices， with ever﹣fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to（1）_______its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land．The historic flooding this week﹣﹣﹣marked by three floods over 1.5 meters （nearly 5 feet） and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters（6 feet， 1 inch）﹣﹣﹣has（2）_______calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice， forboth its concentration of treasures and its（3）_______vulnerability．Flood damage has been（4）_______estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros （dollars），but the true range will only become clear with time． The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（5）_______78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（6）_______this week． With the system not yet completed or even（7）_______tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros （＄5.5 billion） invested， many are suspicious it will even work．At the public level， proposals for better administering the city including（8）_______some level of autonomy（自制） to Venice， already enjoyed by some Italianregions like Trentino﹣Alto﹣Adige with its German﹣speaking minority， or offering tax（9）_______to encourage Venice’s repopulation．Just 53，000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice， down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1，000 people a year． That means fewer people watching the neighborhood， monitoring for public maintenance（10）_______or neighbors in need． Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals， which can make even a simple errand a hard journey．【答案】B,E,A,K,J,G,C,H,F,I【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述遭受洪水袭击的威尼斯人口减少，面临越来越多的问题．【解答】（1） B，考查句意，根据句意“他们觉得基本上只能靠自己的手段，越来越少的威尼斯人居住在这个城市的历史地段，以维护它的利益，并防止它成为一个主要的旅游地”，可知要填的词为“defend 保卫”．（2） E，考查句意，根据句意" 最高水位为53年来的（3）87米（6英尺，1英寸），强烈要求建立一个政府，“，可知要填的词为” sharpened 加强"．（4） A，考查句意，根据句意“），强烈要求建立一个政府，承认威尼斯的独特性，因为它的珍宝集中，脆弱性不断增加”，可知要填的词为“increasing 增加的”．（5） K，考查句意，根据句意" 洪水造成的损失粗略估计为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而变得清晰“，可知要填的词为” roughly粗略地"．（6） J，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” activate激活"．（7） G，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” endured 忍受"．（8）C，考查句意，根据句意“由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元（55亿美元）的投资，该系统还没有完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它甚至还能工作”，可知要填的词为“partially 部分地”．（9） H，考查句意，根据句意" 在公共层面，改善城市管理的提议，包括授予威尼斯一定程度的自治权“，可知要填的词为” granting授予"．（10） F，考查句意，根据句意“或者提供税收减免来鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长”，可知要填的词为“breaks 暂停”．（11） I，考查句意，根据句意" 这意味着看护邻居、监控公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少“，可知要填的词为”issues问题 "．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing． Given the facts that elephant damage often kills treesand bush fires often kill trees, it would be（1）_______to assume that a combination ofthe two would make things worse． Contrary to this assumption, （2）_______, as the recently﹣published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can（3）_______help to make things better．One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping（剥） them of their bark （树皮）． Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious（4）_______, set off to findout how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping． To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park． Since 1954, the Kruger has beenthe site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned（5）_______, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology． In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively （6）_______fire． To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula（马鲁拉树）, in all three zones． He picked marulas because they are particular（7）_______of elephant activity． Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike． But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark． In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to（8）_______from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter． Having imposedthis damage, they（9）_______the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen． To their（10）_______, they discovered that the wounds oftrees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires atall． Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re﹣grew 98% of their lost（11）_______during the two years of the study． Those living in the biennial（两年一次的）burn zone re﹣grew 92% of it． But those in the zone where fires were（12）_______re﹣grew only 72%．The researchers also found something else whe n they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants． Ten of the 20 trees in the fire﹣prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds． The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to（13）_______tissue healing． By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds． Itlooks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might（14）_______colonize and damage them． Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually （15）_______to sick ones．（1）A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful（2）A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow（3）A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely（4）A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption（5）A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely（6）A.burnt withB.protected fromC.covered byD.exposed to（7）A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends（8）A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure（9）A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored（10）A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief（11）A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength（12）A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted（13）A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken（14）A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise（15）A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel【答案】BACDBBCBDBCBADA【考点】社会文化【解析】生态是一个复杂的东西．鉴于大象的破坏以及丛林大火经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．作者结合了最近的研究进行了分析．【解答】（1）B．形容词辨析．根据句意可知，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．difficult困难的；reasonable合理的，公道的，有理由的；necessary必要的；awful可怕的．故选B．（2）A．连词辨析．此处意为“然而，本杰明•威格利的一项最新研究表明，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．”however然而，可是；therefore因此；furthermore此外；somehow以某种方法．故选A．（3）C．副词辨析．根据句意，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．uniquely 独特地；barely 仅仅，勉强；actually实际上，其实；merely 仅仅，只不过．故选C．（4）D．名词辨析．phenomenon现象；奇迹；evidence证据，证明；imagination想象力；assumption假设．此处意为：威格利博士确实是从一个明显的假设开始的．故选D．（5）B．副词辨析．根据句意，自1954年起，克鲁格一直都是实验的试点，在这些实验中，研究人员每隔一段时间就焚烧一小块土地．equally同样地；regularly定期地；severely严重地；purposely故意地．故选B．（6）B．词组辨析．此处意为“而第三个区域的植被则被积极地保护起来不受大火灼烧．”burnt with与…一起燃烧；protected from保护……免受；covered by被…覆盖；exposed to暴露于．故选B．（7）C．名词辨析．他选择马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特殊受害者．participants参与者；partners伙伴；victims受害者，牺牲者；friends朋友．故选C．（8）B．动词辨析．根据句意，2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域内确认了20棵马鲁拉树并用锤子和土壤去心器从每棵树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮．mark标志；remove移动，迁移；hit打击；measure测量．故选B．（9）D．动词辨析．此处意为：在造成这种破坏之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么．regulated调节，规定；checked检查；核实；healed治愈，痊愈；monitored监控，监测．故选D．（10）B．名词辨析．根据句意可知，让他们惊讶的是，他们发现火灾区树木的伤口恢复得比那些没经历过火灾的树木要快．disappointment失望；surprise惊奇，诧异；joy欢乐，快乐；relief安慰；故选B．（11）C．名词辨析．根据句意可知，在两年的研究中，年度火灾区中的受伤树木98%的树皮都重新长了出来．vitality活力，生气；height高度；bark树皮；strength力量．故选C．（12）B．动词辨析．根据句意，那些两年一次火灾区中的树木的树皮重生了92%．但防火区的树木仅生长出了72%．controlled控制，约束；prevented阻止，避免；started 出发；boosted促进；增加；故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．此处意为：这些蚂蚁是一种已知的会损害树木的物种，据推测会损害组织愈合．disturb打扰；妨碍；promote促进；提升；impact对…产生影响；quicken加快．故选A．（14）D．连词辨析．根据句意可知，因此，似乎丛林大火是在通过杀死可能感染树木的蚂蚁来烧灼树木的伤口．therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；then然后；otherwise否则；另外；故选D．（15）A．形容词辨析．此处意为：但在这个负负得正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对生病的树木是有益的．beneficial有益的，有利的；unbelievable难以置信的；effective有效的，起作用的；cruel残酷的，残忍的；故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye． Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitationin her gestures． She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested． And she________．The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter． The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds． If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers．The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf． After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something． The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled（潦草地写）on a crumpled piece of paper． The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality．Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it． Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment． Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas．As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old televisionshows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction． The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice． She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had． Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children． Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store．I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman．When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier …（1）What does “she had a job to do” （Para． 1）mean according to the context？________A. She had a regular job in the store．B. She wanted to ask for help．C. She wanted to buy a DVD. She was thinking of what to buy．．（2）What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant？________A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies．B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children．C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked．D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies．．（3）While looking for the DVD with the old woman， the shop assistant was________．A. hesitant B. casualC. cautiousD. considerate．（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding．D. To explore the key aspects of current parental﹣child relationship．【答案】CADC【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍作者在商店做售货员的时候，遇到一个老太太和女儿一起买DVD，老人的女儿不耐烦，作者耐心地陪伴老人选择DVD，老人很开心．【解答】（1）C．句意理解题．根据文章第三段的句子 The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf．可知，指的是她想买一张DVD．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies， about quality．可知，据店员说，DVD的标题显示这位老太太对电影有些了解．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman， I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it．可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员考虑周到．故选D．（4）C．主旨大意题，根据文章第五段的句子The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．可知，本文的主要目的是强调陪伴与理解的重要性．故选C．As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest．It’s a vague, pit﹣of﹣the﹣stomach fear that sneaks up to you ﹣﹣ that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4: 00 a．m．, or when yourde ntist looks into your mouth and says “Hmm” for the third time．Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite． And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣﹣ adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate．Maybe you’re just high﹣strung． If so, meditation（冥想） is worth a try． It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control． A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8﹣week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward． People who are high﹣strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner．Jog, walk, swim, or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．Treatment?Remember to breathe．When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly． That makes you feel more anxious． Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect．To make sure that you’re breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage（胸腔）． Feel it rise with each inhalation （吸气） and fall with each exhalation．Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class．（1）Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety？________A. Lower in concentration．B. No appetite．C. Heart racing．D. High blood pressure．．（2）According to the passage， what can be done to avoid anxiety？________A. Exercising regularly．B. Keeping breath steady．C. Breathing with the help of hands．D. Adjusting the pace of life．．（3）What is the last paragraph about？________A. Anxiety at work and its solutions．B. People’s anxiety about their capabilities．C. The reason for someone’s incompetence．D. The function of public speaking class．【答案】DAA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有关焦虑的缓解方法．【解答】（1） D．细节理解题．根据第二段" And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣adrenaline pumping， heart racing， palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute tohigh blood pressure and heart disease．而由焦虑产生的持续的准备状态﹣﹣肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗﹣﹣可能会导致高血压和心脏病"．可知高血压不是由焦虑直接引起的．故选D．（2） A 细节理解题．根据" Jog，walk， swim， or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation， be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation，particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．慢跑、散步、游泳或骑自行车．如果你不能腾出时间冥想，一定要腾出时间经常锻炼．锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，如跑步或游泳圈．"可知锻炼能够避免压力．故选A．（3） A 段落大意题．阅读最后一段“Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself ”What， in particular，am I afraid that I’ll mess up？" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded？Have you had several near misses with deadlines？ Are your suggestions routinely rejected？If not， the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem， work on a solution： Pace yourself to better meet deadlines， or join a public speaking class．比如说，你对自己的工作能力感到焦虑．问问自己：“什么，特别是，我担心我会陷入困境？”也许你担心你会落后，错过你的最后期限．或者你担心你在会议上提出你的想法时，你会发疯．你的担心是否成立了？你有过吗？最后几次错过的最后期限是什么？你的建议经常被拒绝吗？如果没有，焦虑是不必要的．如果有一个真正的问题，就要找到一个解决办法：调整自己的进度以更好地完成最后期限，或者加入一个公开演讲课．"可知本段主要讲述了工作中的焦虑及其解决办法．故选A．Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone．One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it’s a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post．“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Through this technology,they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recentlyfound． DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra．Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind﹣blower”． She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied（定期往来） by British and American ships．“As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa, ” she said,“whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity waslost． Their humanity is stripped from． Who they are as a people has gone．”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors． Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming．” “I’m sitting here about ready to cry,” she said．“I’m sorry．I’m so happy …Thank God for the DNA．”This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619． Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation． It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment（修正案）．（1）What does the phrase “a mind﹣blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to？________ A.A surprise B.A confusionC.An excitementD.A fascination．（2）According to Hannes Schroeder， the pipe stem was of great significancebecause________．A.it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa．B.it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman．C.it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities．D.it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa．B.The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern．C.African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation．D.Nancy Daniels， a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research．．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？________A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research．【答案】CDBA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．【解答】（1）C．词义猜测题．根据文章第一、四段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from abroken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”； Julie Schablitsky， the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration， told The Post the discovery，based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe，was a “mind﹣blower”．马里兰州国家公路管理局的首席考古学家朱莉•沙布利茨基告诉邮报，这项基于被吸进泥管的唾液的发现是一个“让人亢奋的事”．可知，“a mind﹣blower”意为：兴奋、激动，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Throughthis technology，they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．能够从一个像管道干这样的物体上获得DNA是非常令人兴奋的．同时，对于后代群体来说也是令人兴奋的…通过这项技术，他们不仅能够与该地点建立联系，而且有可能回到非洲．可知，这个管道干之所以非常重要，是因为它包含了它主人的基因线索相关信息，可以帮助生物学家们进行研究．结合选项，故选D．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors．这项新的分析是围绕贝尔沃正在进行的研究的一部分，该研究让被奴役的人们的后代对他们祖先的生活有了新的了解．可知，人们一直非常热衷于研究美国奴隶制度，对和它相干的信息非常的感兴趣．结合选项，故选B．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”．可知，本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： After reading the passage below， choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than ＄1． But in 2008，Cowan’s Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for ＄2，350．What was so special about this lemon？（1）________ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon， the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce， even from the estate of a founding father． This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．（2）________Collecting a piece of history， or an object associated with a famous person， is not brand new． Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices， says Thomas Venning，director of Christie’s department of books and manuscripts in London． Prices are being driven up， he says， by collectors in the U．S． and， increasingly， in Asia． The Hawking wheelchair， for example， was purchased by a private museum in China．（3）________ For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove． Photographs of the famous person with the object， as well as documentation （such as letters， diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object） can also help．（4）________ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period， similar size or style． Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter．Katie Horstman，head of Cowan’s American History department， says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction． Ms． Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， she says，by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market．Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， accordingto description on its website． Objects associated with Washington these days，Ms． Horstman says， can sell for anywhere from 1，000 up to tens of thousands of dollars．【答案】C,A,F,E【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了历史真正的价值．【解答】1．C．推理判断题．根据后文According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon，the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death据一张用墨水写在装有柠檬的密封瓶上的手写便条，这种水果是华盛顿老园丁在第一任总统去世43年后于1842年5月采摘的，可知这种水果据说是乔治•华盛顿在弗农山种植的．故选C2．A．推理判断题．根据前文 This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．这笔买卖，不过，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，只是被认为是便宜货．可知史蒂芬•霍金的轮椅去年11月在伦敦佳士得拍卖会上卖出296750英镑；故选A．3．F．推理判断题．根据后文For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove．首先，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也难以证明．可知因此，许多物体的独特价值证明了收藏的价值．故选F．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look。

Ⅱ. GrammarandVocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.AGratefulPatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21)U wouldn’t have to assist with a ny wounded animals. I didn’t have the courage (22) (watch) any creature in pain.At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23)a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four-month- old puppy had been hit by a car.The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24)the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, (25)(sew) him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken multiple bones, including his back.(26) he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.The day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s (27) (crowed)waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Dobermanran toward me. I found (28) pinned against the wallwith this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws（爪子）on myshoulders, washing my face withplentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement (29) the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago. I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it (30) (rescue) in one way or another.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Marketing theMoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar （月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) 31 moment if it weren’t for N ASA’s clever PR (Public Relations) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing 32 and co-author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the firs t positive viral event that 33 the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only 34 a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It 35 its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that 36 .” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflightprogram into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo 37 , didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would 38 from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the 39 itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.Come landing day, which 40 fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top 41 are work, money, the economy and health.Although everyone faces stress, people react to it 42 . “There’s the situation, how we 43 the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of t he University of Oklahoma.44 experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improvewith age. “A high school student or a college student might not have those 45 skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.Most 46 have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodilychanges for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, whichmay be a warning sign for physical or mental 47 . To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.48 , the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a(n) 49 home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study publishedin 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early-life 50 actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble 51 when it really matters. It can be just as 52 as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s suggested that early - life neglect or suffering53 the body’s stress pathways.Even before birth, a child can 54 parental stress. The phenomenon is well - demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association 55 . For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.41. A. stressors B. responses C. secretes D. concerns42. A. appropriately B. differently C. normally D. mentally43. A. improve B. influence C. describe D. evaluate44. A. Valuable B. Professional C. Previous D. Constant45. A. coping B. living C. learning D. acting46. A. adults B. researchers C. students D. monitors47. A. functions B. disorders C. variations D. abilities48. A. By the way B. In some cases C. On thecontrary D. As a result49. A. independent B. distinguished C. unstable D. extended50. A. education B. experience C. involvement D. difficulty51. A. racing up B. showing up C. taking up D. keeping up52. A. impressive B. insignificant C. positive D. unhealthy53. A. smooths B. follows C. dulls D. destroys54. A. endure B. relieve C. increase D. inherit55. A. between B. in humans C. with society D. ofSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and tofind the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It’s covered inmass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inseets. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I justknow that they’re there because of all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I’m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I’m sittingin the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird. We’ll be staringat each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I write this -- the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be,I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.56.The flat that author lives in is .A.built in an ancient treeB. hugged by a giant treeC. decorated with branchesD. surrounded by a garden57.In the author’s description, she implies that .A.birds keep her warm companyB. she has been living on tree productsC. moss makes her flat nice and coolD. she has been bothered by the insects58.What does the author really treasure?A.A close - to - nature life.B. A luxurious garden.C. A spacious house.D. A sociable neighbor.59.Which of the f ollowing can be used to express the author’s feeling?A.Jealous.B. Inferior.C. Content.D. Passionate.(B)60.By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they _ .”A.make sense to manufacturersB. get stuck in storesC. are compared with each otherD. are piled up together.61.Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A.Dream-pad pillowB. Eight sleep trackerC. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring SolutionD. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System62.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B.The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.C.Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D.One in three people suffer from sleep problem.(C)An epidemic is the occurrence of a disease which affects a very large number of people living in an area and which spreads quickly to other people. Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are spreadable. But way some travel far and wide while equally good ones remain in relative insignificance has been a mystery. Now a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to imitate how ideas move from one academic institution to another. The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger “epidemics” than eq ually good ideas from less well-known places, explains Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and lead author of the new study. “This implies that where an idea is born shapes how far it spreads, holding the quality of the idea constant.”says senior author Aaron Clauset, also at Boulder.Not only is this unfair -- “it reveals a big weakness in how we’re doing science,” says Simon DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the study. There are many highly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions. “They are producing good ideas, and we know those ideas are getting lost,” DeDeo says. “Our science, our scholarship, is not as good because of this.”The Colorado researchers analyzed an existing data set of computer sciencedepartment hires in North America, as well as a database of publications by these hires. First they looked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new institutions. They found that hiring a new member accounted for this movement a little more than a third of the time -- and in 81 percent of those cases, transfers took place from higher- to lower-status universities. Then the team imitated the broadcasting of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the size of an idea “epidemic” (as measured by the number of institutions that published studies on an idea after it originated) depended on the status of the originating institution. The findings were published online last October in EPJ Data Science.The researchers’ model suggests that there “may be a number of quite good ideas that originate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities,” Clauset says. DeDeo agrees. There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous places, he says: “You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things that other people don’t know because they’re not even paying attention.”63.The word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to the fact that .A. So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi - tasking.B. No wonder people say they’re too busy to see friends, exercise or sleep.C. Would it surprise you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever?D. How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success?E. It’s something that economist have been puzzling over and they’ve identified several reasons.F. Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far ore that are worthy of your precious time.A. the time when good ideas were born decides how far they may spreadB. the quality of the original ideas tends to be not easy to maintainC. good ideas from less important institutions lack influenceD. scholars in insignificant institutions consider their ideas valueless64. The case of some hires in paragraph 3 is used to indicate .A. the statistics the epidemological model provides for the researchersB. why the originating institutions transfer their new findingsC. how they carry the ideas from lower - to higher - status institutionsD. the way the movements of some new ideas happen and their effects65. Researchers such as Clauset are very much concerned about .A. losing quite a number of great and creative thoughtsB. missing the opportunities of getting more well-knownC. misusing the epidemiological model in scientific research areasD. having difficulty in finding more proper science department hires66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Infectious DiseasesB. Original IdeasC. Idea EpidemicD. EpidemiologicalModelSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that thereare two more sentences than you need.The Fullnessof TimeMost of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot - on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent everyweek however we want. So why don’t we feel time - rich? 67One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, sowe want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing, making us anxious. 68 This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. When we’re playing with out kids, we check Facebook. When we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another. This is something sociologists call ‘polluted time’.We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smart- phones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spendon average 3.5 hours a day online. 69You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time -- after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. 70 The question still remains unsettled.Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mainpoint(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far aspossible.Cryptocurrency（加密货币）Making payments online is very easy these days if you have a credit card or a bank card that used a payment network. Sending money online to a friend, you have to use a payment service like Google Pay or PayPal, or make a bank transfer. However, there is usually a significant delay before the receiver can use the money, and transfers can have sizeable fees.In 2008, a group of people published a paper describing a process that would use crypto-graph（密码学）to create a secure electronic cash system, known as a cryptocurrency. Person -to - person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial organization. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to confirm those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.Today, there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still trying to be valid global payment systems like Bitcoin. They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of false cryptocurrencies advertised on the Internet. The advertisements invite Internet users to visit websitesoffering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along withthe victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我真的应该为自己失礼的行为向你道歉。

高考真题变式题分类汇编专题03 阅读理解C篇真题变式题（全国甲卷）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【2023年高考真题】I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his owninterpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.1．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A．Foucault.B．Eric Weiner.C．Jostein Gaarder.D．A college teacher.2．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A．To compare Weiner with them.B．To give examples of great works.C．To praise their writing skills.D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.3．What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A．Its views on history are well-presented.B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C．It includes comments from readers.D．It leaves an open ending.4．What does the author think of Weiner’s book?A．Objective and plain.B．Daring and ambitious.C．Serious and hard to follow.D．Humorous and straightforward.【高考真题变式题1】About a decade ago, Lawson was at a beach in Virginia watching his kids build castles right next to the waves.“I kept trying to get them to come back because I thought it was a terrible idea,” he remarked. He wanted them to build their sandcastles closer to the dunes. But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris (残骸) washed up from theocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures. “It seemed like it would work beautifully without words,” he said.A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. Leng’s illustrations stay pretty true to real life. Three siblings spend the day building sandcastles and watching them get destroyed by a flying hat. “To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life. These are the things I like to capture,” said Leng.Leng spent part of her childhood in France, and she was inspired by European comic books “What I love to do when I illustrate a picture book is add side stories to the main storyline. I always think about the readers and the longevity of the book, and I want them to be able to discover something new every time they revisit the book,” Leng explained.At the end of the day, the sleepy-eyed kids pile into the bus that will take them home. “Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,” Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.5．Why does Lawson mention the scene where the kids built sandcastles?A．To suggest a way to enjoy leisure.B．To tell us the inspiration for his book.C．To convince us of how life works.D．To remind readers of the childhood.6．What do you know about the two books mentioned?A．The stories are literally works of fantasy.B．They are purchased by kids universally.C．They carry no elements of comic books.D．Readers can only find pictures in them.7．How does Lawson feel when telling us the last pages in the last paragraph?A．Pleased.B．Indifferent.C．Disturbed.D．Exhausted.8．What can be a suitable title for the passage?A．Childhood in sandcastles B．Beautiful childhood memoriesC．Popular illustrated books D．Explore the mystery of nature【高考真题变式题2】A new picture book called When Dinosaurs Conquered the Skies: The Incredible Story of Bird Evolution explains the scientific idea that birds are dinosaurs. The writer Jingmai O’Connor describes herself on Instagram as a “dead bird fan”. With her PhD, she works at the Chicago Field Museum as an expert on the evolution of birds and flying dinosaurs.O’Connor says people may know that birds are little dinosaurs. But they might not connect that fact to the birds they see. One purpose of her book, she said, is to achieve it. O’Connor also wants people to see birds as she does — as fascinating flying dinosaurs.In her book, O’Connor also talks about the larger idea of science — namely the importance of making mistakes. Each mistake, she said, leads us closer to the truth.“Science is essentially a series of mistakes. And every mistake, you know, informs us a little bit more and gives us a little bit more information. But pretty much everything that we think is ‘truth’ right now is probably at least partly wrong. You know, there is so much we don’t know. But mistakes are part of the process.”O’Connor is a Chinese-Irish American who grew up in Pasadena, California. She did not always want to study the remains of ancient living things. She began studying geology, like her mother. “But in my case, my mother went back to school to do her PhD when I was around 10 years old. And so, she had four kids…So, she would take us with her to not only the laboratory, but also into the field, which means going out to collect samples. So, I fell in love with geology.”However, O’Connor had a larger goal in mind when she wrote her book. She said, “Through having greater respect for the living animals around us, I hope that people start to think more about how they impact the environment through their actions, so that we can all move towards a more sustainable future.”9．Which is one of the goals of O’Connor’s book according to Paragraph 2?A．To make connections.B．To write a review.C．To give instructions.D．To make a profit.10．What does O’Connor think of mistakes?A．Unavoidable.B．Meaningless.C．Invaluable.D．Uncontrollable.11．What can be learned from Paragraph 4 about the author?A．She had complex social relationships.B．She wanted to be a geology teacher.C．Her mother was her geology teacher.D．Her mother had early effects on her.12．What does O’Connor expect of her readers?A．Being mindful of what they will say.B．Creating a more sustainable lifestyle.C．Organizing more outdoor activities.D．Trying to make use of the findings.【高考真题变式题3】I have always loved the Arthurian legend (传奇), as there is something quite special about King Arthur, and of course Merlin, my favourite character from the stories.Death of an Empire is the second volume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life from birth. Merlin travels across the Roman Empire in search of his father, a voyage of discovery to understand just who he was. Eventually Merlin gets involved in the fight against the Hun’s invasion (入侵) of Europe at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plain.Serving under the General Flavius Aetius, Merlin builds a reputation by saving the lives of thousands of soldiers. When he finally reaches Rome, he saves many more. But a far deadlier conflict between Emperor Valentinian and Senator Petronius Maximus is around the corner and Merlin must use all his strength to carry out his work.If I had to choose just one word to describe this novel, there would be no other choice than “immersive (身临其境的)”. There has clearly been a serious amount of research carried out by the author. Combined with the descriptive prose and imaginative story, the book really does attract you from almost the very start. The story really does feel like you are a part of it as Merlin travels across the Roman Empire.The author does a great job of mixing the rich history with established Arthurian legend. The battle scene is handled very effectively. The author employs a very effective form to show the main fight and this not only adds a degree of tension and a good level of excitement but almost makes you feel like you are right there hearing about what happened.Death of an Empire is a very fine novel, a wonderfully rich tale and a rewarding story.13．Why does Merlin travel across the Roman Empire?A．To visit King Arthur.B．To enjoy a nice view.C．To get a well-paid job.D．To find out his origin.14．What can we learn about the novel?A．It is a mixture of history and legend.B．It features difficult language.C．It speaks highly of an emperor.D．It is a masterpiece of Merlin.15．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?A．An effective description.B．A long-running battle.C．A wonderful feeling.D．A well-known legend.16．What is the text?A．A news report.B．A history story.C．A book review.D．A science fiction.【高考真题变式题4】Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But thisadvocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.17．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A．Favorable.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.18．Which statement would the author probably agree with?A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.19．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.B．To stress swimming differs from reading.C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.20．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Slow Reading is Here to StayB．Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC．Reflections on Deep ReadingD．The Wonder of Deep Reading对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。

2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Mako sharks get new protectionsAt the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva， countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade． GENEVA made the proposal （1）________ more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102﹣40 vote at the global wildlife trade summit． The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end， when all appendix （附录） change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted．The proposal， debated at this year's CITES Conference， lists mako sharks under Appendix II， meaning that they can't be traded （2）________ it can be shown that fishing wouldn't threaten their chances for survival． Conservationists say this was the world's last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing．（3）________ （list） mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation． More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico． Nonetheless， conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries﹣primarily the United States，Canada， and Japan﹣（4）________ tip the scale． Japan opposed the measure during the debates， and the United States announced afterward it （5）________ （vote） no．In the past， the U．S． and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES，but not so in this case，（6）________ commercial interests． For a lot of these countries，they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren't so heavily involved in fishing． Suddenly， when they're being asked to be responsible， rather than asking other people to be responsible， they're （7）________（little） keen to take it on board．The International Union for the Conservation of Nature， which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered，saying an （8）________ （estimate） 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations， or about 75 years． They（9）________， used in shark fin soup﹣a dish in Asian countries， that's often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests． Theirmeat is more edible compared to （10）________ of other sharks， which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for "pennies on the dollar"．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2.In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi， there's one more option for you ﹣ a bar that has "pure air"． Delhi's first﹣ever oxygen bar ﹣ named "Oxy Pure" ﹣ offers 15 minutes of 80﹣90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299．The bar，（1）_______ in May， also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen． The aromas include lemongrass， cherry， mango and more．Customers are given a lightweight tube， used for supplementary oxygen （2）_______． The device is placed near the customer's nose through which they are advised to breathe in the aroma﹣filled oxygen．According to the aroma you choose， each session （3）_______ to improve one's sleep patterns and digestion， cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for （4）_______．"I was passing by and saw that they were offering pure oxygen． I thought I would give it atry and went for the lemongrass flavour． It was （5）_______，" Manjul Mehta， a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily．Speaking to Delhi Daily， Bonny Irengbam， senior sales assistant at the bar， said customers were（6）_______ positively after a few sessions．"Some people， who try it for the first time， will feel relaxed and fresh． But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real （7）_______ of the aroma，" he added． "Though we have regular customers， we don't encourage back﹣to﹣back sessions， as （8）_______ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy． It is （9）_______ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10﹣15 minute sessions a day，" he said．Dr． Rajesh Chawla， a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side﹣effects， it does not help in the long run either． "Even if you breathe in the so﹣called pure oxygen for two hours in a day， you will go back to breathing the pollutedair for the rest of the 22 hours"， he said． He added that the concept is purely a（n）（10）_______ move．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years． Yet it does not have to be a problem． Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile （脆弱的） environments and their local cultures can be （1）_______． Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages, it can even be a（n）（2）_______ for refreshing local cultures． And a growing number of adventure tourism （3）_______ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term．In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local （4）_______． Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays﹣d'Enhaut resulted in （5）_______ being imposed on their growth． There has also been a new interest in cheese production in thearea, providing the locals with a （6）_______ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors．Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by （7）_______ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to their home base． But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businessesthemselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase （8）_______． For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musicians and dancers．Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed （9）_______ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to （10）_______ high﹣quality handicrafts and artwork． Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly （11）_______ with jewelry．Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands． Merely restricting tourism cannot be the （12）_______ to the imbalance because people's desire to see new places will not just disappear．（13）_______, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to （14）_______ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism． A growing number of communities are （15）_______ that, with firm combined decision﹣making, this is possible． The critical question now is whether this can become the normal status, rather than the exception．（1）A promotedB minimizedC inheritedD deleted（2）A vehicleB responsibilityC exampleD entrance（3）A operatorsB professorsC mayorsD journalists（4）A committeeB cultureC sceneryD economy（5）A viewsB burdensC limitsD qualifications（6）A costlyB criticalC reliableD sensible（7）A responsibleB nativeC thoughtfulD outside（8）A locallyB extensivelyC virtuallyD typically（9）A positiveB personalizedC similarD primary（10）A estimateB collectC appreciateD purchase（11）A relevantB successfulC combinedD impressed（12）A desireB solutionC appealD priority（13）A InsteadB MoreoverC HoweverD Besides（14）A balanceB meetC requireD recognize（15）A complainingB mentioningC demonstratingD protestingSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag．McCoy, 36, could relate all too well． One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house, had recently been stolen． Remembering how angered he'd been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner．He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag． After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse． McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner． "But I am the owner, " the woman said． "That's my purse．"A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen． Now she came across a tall, messy﹣looking man holding it tightly． She could instantly tell he wasn't in good shape．At Smith's urging, McCoy told her his story． He'd been in charge of a landscapingbusiness until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs．Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help． "I'm a drug addict, " McCoy warned． "I don't want to intrude on your life; I'm probably gonna let you down．"Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, "If you want to go to rehab （戒毒所）, call me．" She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it． Two days later, she got a call．Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida． While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing． "We were getting to know each other, " Smith says． "His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one．" After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, McCoy is drug﹣free． He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered his rent, groceries, and incidentals． His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another's loss．（1）What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag？________A The urge to find a business partner．B The resolution to recover his sleeping bag．C His own unfortunate experience．D His anger over the poor living condition．．（2）What was McCoy's initial reaction towards Smith's intention to help？________A Enthusiasm．B Resistance．C Hostility．D Gratitude．．（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？________A McCoy was a victim of an identity theft．B Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request．C McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith．D Smith covered McCoy's living expense in the recovery centre．．（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？________A Drug﹣abuse Can Heal．B Lost and Found．C Mutual Communication Matters．D Good Deeds Repaid．5. Growing Green Thumbs________Denton, 940/591﹣8865;Flower Mound, 972/691﹣2650;Lewisville, 972/315﹣3133．www．mytexasgarden．comLEARN: Kids ages 5﹣12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with aparent/caregiver's supervision at 9: 30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August． A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45﹣minute session （beginning on June 2）． Preregistration online is required．COST: Free________2200 Bowling Green Ave．, Denton, 940/349﹣2883．www．dcmga．comLEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more． The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more． 10 am﹣5 pm on Saturdays．COST: Free________255 Parkway Blvd．, Coppell．www．copp11communitygarden．orgLEARN: Kids of all ages （with a parent/caregiver） can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden （255 Parkway Blvd．） or Ground Delivery Garden （450 S． Denton Tap Road）． Children will have the opportunity to till （耕） the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more． Master gardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community's farmers' market or donated to the area food bank． Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am．COST: Free（1）If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens， he/she________．A needs to register online before handB should be present every Wednesday morningC must be under supervision throughout the yearD can visit www．dcmga．com for more information．（2）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？________A All the three gardens are based in Denton．B Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions．C Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home．D Activities in Denton Children's Community Gardens are entertaining．．（3）This piece of writing is most probably issued by________．A a food industry in bad need of fundingB a website promoting gardeningfacilities C an institution offering learning programs D an association publicizing botanical gardens．6. Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of its exhibits． Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits． Art museums are often called "treasure houses"． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits． In addition, a major collection like that of London's National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses． In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one's own relative "worthlessness" in such an environment．Furthermore, consideration of the "value" of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today's viewer is discouraged from trying to extend thatspontaneous, immediate, self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created． This "displacement effect" is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits． In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months．This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms． A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish． Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved．Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to "discovering the meaning" of art within the cultural context of its time． This is in harmony with the museum's function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving "authentic", "original" readings of the exhibits．（1）The writer mentions London's National Gallery to illustrate________．A the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of artB the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic valuesC the negative effect a museum can have on visitors' opinion of themselvesD the need to put individual well﹣being above large﹣scale artistic schemes．（2）The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work becausethey________．A lack the knowledge neededB fear it may have financial implicationsC have no real concept of the work's valueD feel their personal reaction is of no significance．（3）The writer says that unlike other forms of art， the appreciation of a painting does not________．A involve direct contact with an audienceB require a specific location for performanceC need the involvement of other professionalsD call for a specific beginning or ending．（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A Original work： killer of artistic appreciationB Original work： reduction to value of art worksC Original work： substitute for reproductionD Original work： arthistorians' bread and butter．Section CDirections： Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure， a five﹣year University of Leeds research project has found．Dr． Klaus Witte， from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust， led the study． He said： "This is a significant breakthrough for patients． It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness ﹣known as heart failure．" （1）________ Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight， but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people． Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen．The study， which was funded by the Medical Research Council， involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta ﹣ blockers， ACE﹣inhibitors and pacemakers．（2）________ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo．（3）________ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat， known as ejection fraction． The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%． In heart failure patients， the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired ﹣ in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was 26%．In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3， the heart's pumping function improved from 26% to 34%．（4）________ This means that for some heart disease patients， taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD）， a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm．IV. Summary Writing8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Social media and teens' anxietyFrom cyber﹣bullying to cruel comments， social media can be a land mine for kids． Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens． With kids' digital well﹣being a concern， researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates， tech addiction， and loss of real﹣life social skills． Many parents are wondering： Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety？It's a question that worried parents． Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids， but it's difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support． How kids use social media matters， too． Social comparison and feedback﹣seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms， which often co﹣occur with anxiety．How can parents keep social media a positive for kids？1． Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn't invite you to can really be upsetting． If your kid is tired of digital drama， suggest they take a break from social media for a while． In fact， if they post a status update that they're taking a break， their friends might be very accepting because they've had similar feelings．2． People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect ﹣ not the homework struggles， or the fight they had with their dad． Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out ﹣ and that everyone has ups and downs．3． In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat， it's doubly important for them to feel as though they're cultivating their inner lives． Prompt them to balance social media with soul﹣nourishing activities such as hobbies， exercise，reading， and helping others． Otherwise， what are they going to show off about on social media？V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 艺术节开幕式上学生的演出真是太棒了！（performance）________________10. 图书管理员提醒新生，杂志阅毕要放回原处．（where）________________11. 只有耐得住寂寞，并不断挑战自我，才能更好地为未来做准备．（Only）________________________12. 做自我介绍时，不必面面俱到，而要突出你的与众不同之处．（distinguish）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是明启中学高三学生李青，将在主题为"我的家乡变美了"的班会上发言．请撰写一篇演讲稿，内容必须包括：▪家乡变美了的具体表现；▪你对家乡未来的畅想．（演讲稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数．）2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷答案1. that,unless,Listing,could/would,had voted,with/for,less,estimated,are targeted,that2. Flaunched,H． intake,Cpromises,K． depression,Brefreshing,J． responding,Abenefits,Ein creased,I． advisable,Dcapitalistic3. BAADCCDACDBBAAC4. CBCD5. ADC6. CDDA7. F,D,B,C8. Whether social media causes anxiety has become the focus of parents concerned with their kids' digital health．（高分句型一）（社交网络导致的焦虑已经成为家长对孩子数字健康关注的焦点） Tips are offered on positive effects of social media on children．（提供让社交网络对孩子有积极影响的方法） They can keep off social medial temporarily if bored with it．（临时远离社交网络）They should be aware that life is imperfect and face barriers bravely．（高分句型二）（要认识到生活并不是完美的要勇敢面对困难） Besides， taking some meaningful offline activities are strongly recommended．（建议线下做些有意义的活动）9. Howwonderful/terrificthestudents'performanceattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestivalw as!,∥Whatwonderful/terrificperformancethestudentsputon/presented/gaveattheopeningcer emonyoftheArtFestival!10. The librarian reminded the freshmen to put the magazines where theywere/belonged/lay after finishing reading them．,∥ The librarian reminded the freshmen that they should put the magazines where they were/belonged/lay after finishing reading them．11. Only when we can endure loneliness and challenge ourselves constantly can we better prepare for the future．,∥ Only by enduring loneliness and challe nging ourselves constantly can we better prepare for the future．,（can we be better prepared/can we better prepare ourselves）12. When making self﹣introductions， you don't need to present/cover all theaspects/details about yourself； instead， you shouldhighlight/underline/emphasize/stress what distinguishes you from others．13. My hometown used to be a beautiful place it stands near a wide river at the foot of low green hills． It had many tall buildings and wide streets． There were trees and flowers everywhere．But some times it was polluted seriously， and it was no longer beautiful．（过去的家乡）Luckily， everything has changed since liberation．Led by the party， the people have got rid of pollution．【高分句型一】 The air is cleaner．They have planted more flowers and grass along the river．A lot of polluting factories have been pulled down．You can enjoy the scenery in my hometown．（家乡变美了的具体表现）I am connvinced that my hometown will become more and more beautiful．（你对家乡未来的畅想）I love my hometown， and I love its people， who are healthy and happy．【高分句型二】（总结）。

2020年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension略II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.1．(★★★)This is where my kids grew upFor years now， I've been wanting to sell our home， the place where my husband and I raised our kids． But to me， this house is more than just a building． In the front room， there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines． Every growth stage （1） is marked （mark） in pencils， with each child's name and the date．Of all the objects and all the memories， it's this one thing in a home that's （2） the hardest （hard） to leave behind． Our kids grow in so many ways，but the wall is physical evidence of their progress． Friends I know have visited their previous home only （3） to discover （discover） their wall of heights has been freshly painted over． Over the years， I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved，（4） even though/ even if the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing． So one day， while I was at work， my children decided to do （5） something about it．They hired Jacquie Manning， a professional photographer （6） whose work is about capturing the beautiful things in life． She came to our house while I was at work， and over several hours，（7） took （take） photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines， little grey fingerprints， and old marks． Somehow， she managed to photograph （8） what we had experienced in all thoseyears． Afterwards， she put all the photos together into one image，（9）transforming （transform） them into a beautiful history of my family．Three weeks later， my children's wonderful gift made its way to me -（10）a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth．Section B （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.2．(★★)A． emphasizes B． principle C． enormous D． helpingE． energized F． activeG． increased H． absorbing I． benefits J． analyzedK． temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes， self-control and attention regulation， finds new UBC research． The study， published in the journal PLoS One， found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also（1） G children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching．"Before children have the ability to sit for long periods（2） H information， they need to be allowed to be（3） F and be encouraged to learn by doing，" said Dr． Adele Diamond， the study's lead author． "Indeed， people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told．"Through a controlled experiment， Diamond and her colleagues（4） J the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind （Tools）． The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools．Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers． Its basic（5） Bis that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content． The Tools （6） A the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control， selective attention and planning． "Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning． They are often more strongly associated with school readiness （入学准备）than intelligence quotient （IQ），" said Diamond． "This experiment is the first to show（7） I of a curriculum emphasizing social play．"Teachers reported more（8） D behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes． Late in the school year， Tools teachers reported they still felt （9） E and excited about teaching， while teachers in the control group were exhausted． "I have enjoyed seeing the（10） C progress my students have made in writing and reading．" said a Tools teacher in Vancouver． "I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning． They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school， even if they were sick．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3．(★★★★)In product design， imagining users' feelings leads to more original outcomesResearchers find that in new product design， connecting with users' heart，rather than their head， can lead to more original and creative outcomes．Developing original and（1） B products is critical to a company's long-term success． Thus， understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially（2） D consequences for businesses． Ravi Mehta， a professor of business administration， shows that adopting a（n）（3） C that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）， which（4） A creativity and， in turn， outcome originalityfor new product design．There are two ways that the product designer can（5） D the consumer's product usage． One focuses on objective use of the product-how consumers might use the product， that is， an "objective -imagination" approach． The other focuses on feelings-how the product makes the consumer feel， a "feelings-imagination" approach．Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost． So product designers（6） C this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product． That's important， but the（7）B of usage can only attract consumers in some ways．（8） D ， thefeelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy， which makes them more（9） A to the consumers' ideas． This leads to greater outcome originality． Mehta said， "when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings，that's powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product's usage．" The research shows that a feelings-based approach is（10）B to the commonly used objective-based approach， the researchers wrote． It not only helps product designers build a better product， but it also helps them create more innovative products．The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers， who now play a role in shaping companies' design． Mehta said， "Marketers are increasingly（11）C consumers for new product ideas．" （12）D ， there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor．The experiments demonstrated a（13） B effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach． That suggests that these designers may（14） Bimagining users' feelings． In this way， designers can develop products that could （15） A to the masses． Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media．（1）A． primary B． innovative C． natural D． domestic（2）A． temporary B． slight C． indefinite D． profitable（3）A． policy B． proposal C． approach D． standard（4）A． enhances B． exhibits C． illustrates D． explores（5）A． recommend B． extend C． exploit D． imagine（6）A． fall apart B． figure out C． fall into D． turn into（7）A． originality B． objectivity C． creativity D． flexibility（8）A． InB． In addition C． As a result D． By contrast conclusion（9）A． open B． harmful C． resistant D． equal（10）A． evident B． superior C． relevant D． alert（11）A． joining in B． applying to C． turning to D． taking in（12）A． In reality B． In other words C． What's more D． For example（13）A． dramatic B． positive C． negative D． serious（14）A． depend on B． benefit from C． contribute to D． involve in（15）A． appeal B． refer C． adapt D． commitSection B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according tothe information given in the passage you have just read.4．(★★★) When she was ten years old， Isadora Duncandropped out of school to teach people dance． If that job was left to any otherten-year-old， it would have turned out frustrating， difficult， and a little discouraging．But Duncan was different． Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age， but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her [treat troubles as fuel] -something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her．It's no surprise， then， that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company， she found herself restricted． The existing dancing style， their way of operating-all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past． Duncan was very direct about what she wanted， confidently telling people she had a differentvision of dance that she was going to spread in the world． This， naturally， ledto ridicule and laughs early on， but as she built up her work， these instances became less frequent． Today， she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance，" with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence． Inspired by the ancient Greeks， she brought the style to life．In her autobiography （自传）， one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched． The expectations of her mother （who raised her） were open-ended． It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do．Growing up， before she left school， she was told one of two things： that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius． There was nothing in between． Even when she started working， people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her． But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius． There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree，it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid．" And it captures an important truth． At school， Isadora Duncan was a failure． In the dance hall，she gave form to brilliance．（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean？ AA． Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream．B． Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles．C． Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl．D． Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan．（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan？ CA． Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career．B． Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence．C． Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning．D． Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear．（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph？ B A． It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish．B． Everybody is a genius in his own way．C． Miseries come from human stupidity．D． Teachers can impact students greatly．（4）What is this passage mainly about？ CA． Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today．B． Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her．C． Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success．D． Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style．5．(★★★)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising． You should exercise to stay within your target heart range．• Use your index finger （食指） and middle finger． Don't use your thumb （拇指） -it has a pulse of its own．• Place these two fingers on your wrist， just below the base of the thumb．• Count the number of beats （pulses） for 15 seconds．• Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute． For example， if you count 25 beats， 25 x 4 = 100 beats per minute．Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise， but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low． If you are a beginner， you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising． This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body．The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages．[Here are the steps for using the chart]： Measure your exercise heart rate in beats per minute （BPM）．Look at the chart．- Find your age． If your age falls between the ages listed， round up to the next older age listed．- Compare your heart rate to the target exercise range．• If you are doing moderate exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 50% range．• If you are doing vigorous exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range．• Try to stay in the 50-85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity．（1）Which of the following is TRUE？ AA． Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate．B． The faster your heart rate is， the more effective the exercise is．C． Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety．D． The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90-149 BPM．（2）A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40．His fitness coach had better tell him C ．A． "You are doing fine．"B． "You can run faster．"C． "You should slow down a bit．"D． "You should drink some water．"（3）What is the purpose of this passage？ DA． To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising．B． To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under．C． To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise．D． To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity．6．(★★★)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate． Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet， researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age． The mud， and remains of common flies in it， record twointerglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland．Although researchers have long known these two periods-the early Holocene and Last Interglacial-experienced warming in the Arctic， the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought． "As far as we know， it has never been found in Greenland． We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there，" Axford said． "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）．"This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming， by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour． Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming． After all， Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level． "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote， but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world，" said Yarrow Axford， an associate professor in the team． "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer． Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today，" said Axford．People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods． During the Last Interglacial， global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet， largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets． However， now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought， which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise．Finding lake deposits older than about 10，000 years， however， has been historically very difficult in Greenland． To measure these ancient temperatures，researchers look to ice cores （冰核） and lake deposits． Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud， these cores contain history of the past． By looking through the layers， researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago．（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs？ C A． They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland．B． They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud．C． They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought．D． They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic．（2）The new information about Greenland is important because B ．A． researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speedB． it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warmingC． people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD． it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？ DA． It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits．B． People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today．C． Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud．D． Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities．（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage？ AA． Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB． Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC． Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD． Northwest Greenland， A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7．(★★★)South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger． Hunger affects people's health， as well as their ability to live full and productivelives because the rights to dignity， health and education are affected by hunger．（1） E There are significant race， class and gender differences． For example， black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans． Food insecurity is defined as not having physical， social and economic access to sufficient， safe， and nutritious foodthat meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life．This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa． Yet from the research with urban farmers it's clear that people do not know of the right to food， and don't see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice．（2） A While there are frequent protests around access to jobs，education， housing， water and electricity， we rarely， if ever， see protests about access to food．One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works． For example， a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain．（3） D Because the large companies dominate the supply chain， they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers，to whom they pay very low prices．（4） B It needs to ensure that marginalized producers， processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living． At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed．Anyway， at the most basic level， it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place．A． As a result， questions of hunger are largely absent in South Africanpolitics．B． Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system．C． Therefore， the government has put forward numerous food and nutritionsecurity programs to fight against hunger．D． This means that smaller scale producers， processors and retailers are squeezed out．E． Hunger， lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread．F． There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food．IV. Summary writing （10分）8．(★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Most of us - even those at the top - struggle with public-speakinganxiety． When I ask my clients what makes them nervous， invariably they respond with the same answers： "I don't like being watched"， "I don't like the eyes on me" or "I don't like being in the spotlight"．To understand why， we need to go way back to prehistoric times， when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat． Those eyes were likely predators （肉食动物） and people were terrified of being eaten alive． The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking． In other words， public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA．Fortunately， there is a solution： human generosity． The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience． Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala （扁桃腺） activity， which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain． When we are kind to others， we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous．Admittedly， this is hard to do． But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker． To begin with， when you start preparing for a presentation，the mistake you often make is starting with the topic． Instead， you should start with the audience． Identify the audience's needs， and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs． Also， you are the most nervous right before you speak． This is the moment when your brain is telling you， "Everyone is judging me．" But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain． Over time，your brain will begin to get it， and you will become less nervous．V. Translation （15分）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9．(★★)有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病．（arise） Some strange diseases have arisen from pollution in some places．10．(★★★)全球气候变暖使得一些稀有动物濒临灭绝．（leave） The global warming has left some rare species of animals threatened with extinction/ in great danger of extinction．11．(★★★)我养成了习惯，趁记忆犹新，就把难忘的经历写下来．（while） I have formed/ developed/ cultivated a habit of writing down the unforgettable experiences while they're still fresh in my mind/memory．12．(★★★)该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者．（So…） So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion． / be the winner．/ win the championship．VI. Guided writing （25分）13．(★★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是明启中学学生王磊，你校下个月将举行中外学生交流活动，现向学生征求活动方案．你主动向校长写信，表达你的想法．你的信包括以下内容：1．活动的主题；2．你设计的1-2个活动的具体内容；3．你设计该活动的理由．。

2020城区高三英语一模C篇阅读汇总2020西城一模CStore owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前额皮层) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchaseslater. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.38.From Paragraph 2, we learn that .A.the prefrontal cortex is the calculation centerB.the common consumers always act unreasonablyC.the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fearD.the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing39.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?A. Creating a festival atmosphere.B. Following the current fashion.C. Preparing more free samples.D. Offering a bigger discount.40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?A. They are more reliable.B. They are a sign of social status.C. They make people feel valued.D. They are favored by most people.41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we .A. buy in the momentB. reduce our budgetC. return unnecessary productsD. make a plan in advance答案：38．C39．A40．C 41．D2020海淀一模CThere is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, "My mum says I'm much more impatient with her when I'm filming Sherlock.Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term "post-dramatic stress disorder,, to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied," he writes.A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of variouspersonal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term "confident" was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself."By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves---or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By role-playing or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore’’ write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are."38.The first two paragraphs mainly .A.state that acting requires skillsB.explain the stress that an actor facesC.show that a role leaves a mark on the actorD.stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role39.What does the underlined phrase "rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Influence.B. Strengthen.C. Confuse.D. Determine.40.According to the study, taking the perspective of another person .A.brings changes to one's self-knowledgeB.motivates one to better understand himselfC.helps people deal with their identity problemsD.produces temporary effects on one's character41.What is the significance of the study?A.It offers instructions on making friends.B.It proposes a means to improve ourselves.C.It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions.D.It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.答案：38. C 39. A 40. A 41. B2020朝阳一模CA butterfly’s wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insecthigh up in the air. They may be used to attract mates, or to warn potentialattackers to stay away. All of these roles, though, depend on theirunchanging colouration. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings aredead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, insome species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.Nanfang Y u, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the matter. Together with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published in Nature Communications in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser(激光) to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40°C or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its profile to the laser, moving its wings up and down or simply walking away.Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves. Dr Y u and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons(神经元) that were similar to heat detectors known from other insects. They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared to be similar to pressure-sensitive neurons. They guess that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.The third discovery they made to contradict the “dead wing” idea was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly’s wings have veins(静脉). These carry a bloodlike liquid which, researchers have now found in males, shows a pulse(脉搏) of several dozen beats per minute. The source of this pulse appears to be the scent(气味) pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this “wing heart” acts as a pump that helps bloodlike liquid through the scent pad.In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Y u and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away and helps keep the living parts of a butterfly’s wings alive.38. A bird’s feathers are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to.A. introduce the latest research findings on a birdB. highlight the special feature of a bird’s feathersC. show common knowledge about butterfly wingsD. stress the difference between a butterfly and a bird39. What can we learn from Dr Y u and Dr Pierce’s experiments?A. Butterfly wings are complicated living organs.B. Butterfly wings have little reaction to external heat.C. The scent pads on some male butterfly wings are their hearts.D. Heat-minimising activities help detect deformation of the wings.40. What is the function of scales over the scent pads?A. Attracting mates.B. Increasing blood flow.C. Covering powerful tubes.D. Producing the cooling effect.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Seeing Is BelievingB. More Than Meets The EyeC. Nothing Seek, Nothing FindD. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds答案：38．C39．A40．D 41．B2020丰台一模CIn industry and medicine, robots routinely build, break down and inspect things; they also assist in surgery and pharmacies. Neither they nor “social” robots—which are designed to engage with people and to establish an emotional connection—behave like The Jetsons’ maid, Rosie, or other beloved robots of fiction. Even so, expect social robots to become more complicated and popular in the next few years.Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence (AI) to decide how to act oninformation received through cameras and other sensors. The ability to respond in ways that seem lifelike has been informed by research into such issues as how perceptions (认知) form, what constitutes social and emotional intelligence, and how people understand others’ thoughts and feelings. Advances in AI have enabled designers to translate such psychological and neuroscientific (神经学的) insights into algorithms (演算) that allow robots to recognize voices, faces and emotions; interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people’s needs by learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.In consequence, social robots are filling an ever expanding variety of roles. A 47-inch humanoid called Pepper (from SoftBank Robotics), for instance, recognizes faces and basic human emotions and engages in conversations via a touch screen in its “chest.” About 15,000 Peppers worldwide perform such services as hotel check-ins, airport customer service, shopping assistance and fast-food checkout. Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population. Japan’s PARO Therapeutic (治疗的) Robot, which looks like a lovely seal (海豹), is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other patients. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, reminding them to take walks and medication. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. Early attempts to incorporate social behavior in toys, such as Hasbro’s Baby Alive and Sony’s AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both are resurging, and the most recent version of AIBO has complicated voice and gesture recognition, can be taught tricks and develops new behaviors based on previous interactions.Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2018, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025. This trend may seem surprising given that multiple well-funded consumer robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to take the place of defunct robots, including BUDDY (Blue Frog Robotics), a big-eyed mobile device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home automation and security.38. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.A. what the features of social robots areB. what promotes social robots’ engagement with peopleC. how algorithms are improved to adapt to people’s needsD. how psychological and neuroscientific insights are translated39. According to Paragraph 3, social robots ________.A. have a wide range of applicationsB. have the ability to deal with emergenciesC. have a tendency to take the place of humansD. have successfully gained psychological insight40. What can we learn from the passage?A. Social robots are designed as personal assistants.B. Robots in industry and medicine need improvement.C. Consumer robots have been successful all these years.D. Social robots are popular due to great interactive abilities.41. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To predict the prospect of social robots.B. To introduce the advances of social robots.C. To report the application of AI in social robots.D. To show the influence of social robots on our life.答案：38. B39. A40. D 41. B2020延庆一模CNo longer in the pinkCorals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, thanks to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, a rise in global temperatures of 1.5o C could cause coral reefs to decline 70-90%. The planet is about 1o C hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic. This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their color. When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbors, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting, as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing.Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay a special tax, like what has been done in the Caribbean.Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific, for example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow in new spots.38. According to the passage, what may happen to corals when waters become warm?A. Turning whiteB. Getting pinkC. Being activeD. Becoming colorful39. According to the passage,corals can _______ the changing in the nature.A. live withB. escape fromC. die inD. recovery from40. According to Paragraph 4, the governments should__________.A. carry out stricter rules on industries around the coastB. call on volunteers to look after the marine reservesC. reduce the number of visitors to the marine parksD. ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas41. What’s the main purpose of the passage?A. To present the importance of coral reef to the world.B. To introduce the severe effect on coral reef brought by climate change.C. To propose governments to take action immediately to save coral reef.D. To attract more attention to coral reef protection.答案：38. A 39. A 40. A 41. D2020门头沟一模CNew study shows rapid decline in insect populations. A growing number of the Earth's insect population now can be seen only in collections on exhibitions. Nobody's seen those for 400 years. A new review of over 70 studies of insect populations suggests that human pressures are causing insect populations to plummet by as much as a quarter every decade. The loss of species is inevitably concerning because often we don’t know what those species are doing or we don’t know what other species are depending on them.Insects make up the largest class of animals on earth and represent more than half of all known living creatures. They are incredibly diverse, and in many ways make life on Earthpossible. But when we decrease the number of species, we're destroying ecosystem function. Why does that matter? It is because that it's ecosystems that support humans. But those life-support systems that keep us alive, even if we live in a city, are produced by healthy ecosystems. And none of these ecosystems will run well without insects. Bees and butterflies pollinate(授粉) our food, flowers and trees. They feed all kinds of larger animals, including humans. A large number of crops we eat and rely on are pollinated by insects, so we can’t imagine a world where that pollination process is not taking place.And there are some cases already around the world where we are having to pollinate by hand, at huge cost, a huge economic cost, simply because the insects aren’t there to do the work that we would normally ask them to do for free. And in some cases, if you’re talking about food crops, just try to imagine the scale of what the world would look like if insects weren't doing that for us. One big warning, all of the studies come from industrialized countries in Europe and North America. In some areas, the decline is even more rapid. According to one recent study, the number of ground insects in Puerto Rico has fallen by 98% over the last 35 years. A growing body of research shows that insects are declining about twice as fast as vertebrates.The researchers predict that all insect species could be gone in a century in these industrialized countries.38. What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Reduce.B. Increase.C. Disappear.D. Raise.39. We can learn from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ______________.A. we can make a big profit by pollinating by handB. insects have no impact on industrial developmentC. pollinating by hand can replace pollinating by insectsD. insects account for the largest composition in the entire animal kingdom40. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon mentioned in the news?A. Unclear.B. Concerned.C. Suspicious.D. Critical.41. The author helps readers better understand his idea mainly by __________.A. using research resultsB. making comparisonsC. giving some examplesD. telling personal stories答案：39．A 39．D 40．B 41．C2020密云一模CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks."It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sun of a bunch of individual components (元件) , "said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago. his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, " he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. "The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well. but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to, " said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, " he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. "You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, " he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis."38. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that.A. they had no ready-made componentsB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no model in their mindD. they could no assemble the components39. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can collect information from many sourcesC. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeD. has been put into wide application40. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.41. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect StudyD. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect答案：38-41ACB D平谷一模CWhy is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games?In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no ambition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often takes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring.That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who “give strong medicine” because they believe such doctors are the “good” ones. But in fact, “ strong medicine” always leads to resistance to drugs and overtreatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage, and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, so poverty gets “inherited”.When it comes to finance, Banerjee’ s research has found that the poor often need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks — they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, it’ s impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class.Banerjee’ s research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it.38. How do the poor deal with the issue of health?A. They spend less money in preventing disease.B. They focus more on the diseases than early prevention.C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine.D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government.39. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that_________.A. poverty is produced by the poorB. poverty is passed down by their parentsC. poverty has some bad effects on the poorD. poverty causes people to bear more economic stress40. Banerjee considers it difficult to overcome poverty because .A. the poor have bad character or have no ambitionB. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than workC. the government hasn’ t taken proper and effective measureD. the poor were troubled by their lives, health and finance41. What can we learn from the passage?A. The poor have attached importance to education.B. The government can’ t provide the jobs for the poor.C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival.D. Banerjee’ s research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty.【答案】38. B；39. B；40. D；41. D；2020石景山一模CIn 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”38. The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means .。

2020年高考英语试题分类汇编阅读理解（全解析）一、（2020.全国卷I海南、宁夏）阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AI suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened Looking down I immediately recognized that something was wrong and ran down to the edge of the near bank There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water and it was a life-and-death struggle Her calf was floating and screaming with fear Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body . Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf a way.There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother’s bod y and was gone Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk（象鼻）against the rocky bank Then with a huge effort she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rockJust at this moment she fell back into the river If she were carried down it would be certain death I knew as well as she did ,that there was one spot（地点）where she could get up the bank but it was on the other side from where she had put her calfWhile I was wondering what I could do next I heard the sound of a mother’s love Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could roaring（吼叫）all the time but to her calf it was music.56．The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw______.A．the calf was about to fall into the riverB．Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rockC．the calf was washed away by the rising waterD．Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water【答案】D【解析】细节判断题。

2020届宝山区高考英语一模Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Wild Track is an organization that aims to protect endangered animals like rhinos. They use a computer program that runs photos of animal tracks through an algorithm (演算法). Then the program makes the same observations as a tracker would, allowing scientists to know where individual animals go. However, the program itself needs “training”.It starts with collecting good photos of prints from endangered animals in captivity (圈养). As people send in photos of tracks from animals in the wild, the FIT program can compare it to tracks from animals it “knows.” As the program becomes more accurate, Wild Track hopes it will become a major tool for monitoring any endangered species.Anyone can help Wild Track by taking images of tracks and sending them to a partner organization called . The only tool you need is a digital camera or cellphone. After finding a clear track, place one ruler along the bottom of the footprint and another along the left side. Below the footprint, place a note containing your exact name and the date. Holding the camera or cellphone directly above the track, take a photo showing the footprint, rulers and note. Later, visit and follow the instructions on the site to send your photo.Wild Track needs photos of footprints made not only by animals in captivity but also those living in the wild. In wild places, you should take care not to disturb animals in their natural environment. If you intend to photograph in a wild area that is unknown to you, then you should not go there alone. Instead, go with someone who is familiar with the region and experienced at tracking.56. How does the writer begin this article about WildTrack?A. By discussing the software that it employsB. By praising its recent efforts to raise fundsC. By explaining how and when it was foundedD. By summarizing different opinions about it57. According to this article, which animals are WildTrack mainly interested in?A. Those which cause a threat to human settlementsB. Those which are now at risk of becoming extinctC. Those which have been illegally kept as petsD. Those which disappeared from the Earth long ago58. What does this article talk about in detail?A. A list of locations worth exploringB. A strategy for acquiring equipmentC. A warning not to engage in huntingD. A technique containing several steps59. What does the article suggest doing in wild areas?A. Admiring the wild landscapeB. Preparing well for wild weatherC. Leaving wild creatures aloneD. Consuming a diet of wild plants宝山区高考一模答案56-59 ABDC2020届崇明区高考英语一模Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every year，the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dance lovers. They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common—hip hop. This weekend the San Francisco International Hip Hop Dance-Fest celebrates 20 years of presenting electrifying hip hop performances.Each Dance-Fest has diversity (多样化）of style and group size, and a balance of local and out-of-town companies. From Vietnam to Brazil to Uganda to the Czech Republic, the festival has drawn impressive international talent.After a long process, only the most exceptional companies are flown in for Dance-Fest. In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for. They look for much more—groups or artists that think outside the box. Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out. For instance, the 2010 performance "Tables and Chairs” served to underline the negative effects of alcoholism on society.It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya，in any introduction to Dance-Fest. A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in 1993. Students of all ages and backgrounds love her classes so much that a San Francisco newspaper once described her as “Best Dance Instructor”.However. Micaya was concerned about the then dubious reputation of hip hop. She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms. In 1999 she started Dance-Fest. It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non-competitive atmosphere. To Micaya, competitive Riles leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression. One review said, Micaya's festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be.” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals.56. What is the passage mainly about?A. The creativity of hip hop.B. The characteristics and the history of Dance-Fest.C. The best instructor of hip hop.D. The unique Riles and the challenge of Dance-Fest.57. Hip hop dancers are more likely to be chosen for Dance-fest if they can not only dance skillfully but alsoA. dance on the outside of the boxB. give up drinking alcohol before dancingC. handle social problems with their danceD. show their technical dance skills in theaters58. By “dubious reputation” in the last paragraph，the author means hip hop back then.A. was forbidden in publicB. was considered something badC. received too much attentionD. lacked creativity and competition59. What can be concluded about Dance-Fest?A. It is a competition for hip hop dancers.B. It is a dance festival for various dance forms.C. It is successful in popularizing hip hop.D. It is better respected than other dance festivals.崇明区高考一模答案56. B 57. C 58. B 59. C2020届奉贤区高考英语一模Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience，rolling her eyes，huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, T walked over and asked if T could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled () on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, T think T wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas.As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.We found the movie, and T complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier ...56. What does “she had a job to do” (Para.l) mean according to the context?A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She wanted to ask for help.C. She wanted to buy a DVD. D. She was thinking of what to buy.57. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.58. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was .A. hesitantB. casualC. cautiousD. considerate59. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spend more time accompanying their familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding.D. To explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship奉贤区高考一模答案60-62 DAA2020届虹口区高考英语一模Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., will bring about a point in history when A.I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A.I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A.I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobs — mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too.This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together: enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high-paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A.I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen — professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that A.I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and professional, such as compassionate medical service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.56. In what aspect is the A.I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computerrevolution?A. The A.I. revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.B. A.I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.C. Higher-paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I. revolution.D. It may bring about mass unemployment no matter how much employees are paid.57. The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.A. promotionalB. demandingC. guaranteedD. potential58. What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I. revolution?A. It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.B. People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.C. The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.D. Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.59. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A. The A.I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.B. Challenges the A.I. Revolution Brings to Job MarketC. A Double-edged Sword: the A.I. RevolutionD. Interrelationship between A.I. and Unemployment虹口区高考一模答案56-59: DDAB2020届黄浦区高考英语一模Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring China’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.” Liang wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past.”56. On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risksEXCEPT ________.A. accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehicles57. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _____.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings58. While exploring the Temple of Buddha’s Light, __________.A. Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellB. Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideC. Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped forD. Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs’ hideaway59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. Responsibilities make development黄浦区高考一模答案56-59 DDCB2020届嘉定区高考一模Section B （22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several。

2024学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试英语（考试时间105分钟，满分115分。

请将答案填涂在答题纸上）I. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to IncreaseThe United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports.UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase (1) _____ governments take urgent preventative measures.Damage (2) _____ (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost.The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, (3) _____ (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity (4) _____ (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases.Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms.Negotiators are working toward an agreement (6) _____ (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year.Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute (7) _____ the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse.“There is an interest, especially among the countries (8) _____ are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, (9) _____ (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment.Andersen said (10) _____ she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. appealingB. attainableC. basicallyD.dramaticallyE. freedomF. kicksG. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawalFIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire EarlyMany Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone.“Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 11 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 12 so investors can choose how to spend their time.“The concept of the movement is 13 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California.A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security.People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 14 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts.Retiring early might sound 15 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 16in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 17 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 18 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford.“FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “Y ou may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 19 strategy should stay the same.”If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 20 .II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals(壁画), through innovative measures.Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000.The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.”In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits.Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said.21. A. shortages B. restrictions C. contributions D. threats22. A. doubling B. growing C. continuing D. varying23. A. cultural B. previous C. peak D. commercial24. A. limited B. extended C. publicized D. concealed25. A. confused B. amazed C. scared D. disappointed26. A. expanded B. constructed C. decorated D. repaired27. A. exclusively B. digitally C. subjectively D. autonomously28. A. clarified B. highlighted C. covered D. strategized29. A. comes across B. turns over C. leaves behind D. lets alone30. A. global B. professional C. technological D. different31. A. complicated B. irreproducible C. controversial D. immovable32. A. virtual B. temporary C. conventional D. steady33. A. imitated B. accessed C. praised D. purchased34. A. reject B. provide C. adjust D. classify35. A. adaptation B. attention C. admission D. commitmentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more. Recipients can be a news organization, an individual or a group of people.Each of the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal. The name of the year’s winner is on one side of the coin and the year is on the other. All winners are honored and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Columbia University, which was originally tasked with administering the award, and usually occurs in May.If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian-American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence. Pulitzer was born into a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way to America and built a career in journalism. He developed a reputation as an ambitious and energetic young journalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had become a publisher, and six years later he owned a newspaper company. In 1883 he purchased yet another newspaper. He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败).After a successful career in journalism, seven years before his death, Pulitzer wrote a will, leaving $2,000,000 to Columbia University. The money was to establish a school of journalism at Columbia and a set of awards. Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future.Faithfully following Pulitzer’s instructions, Columbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Today these awards are considered some of the most distinguished prizes in America.36. What can be known about the Pulitzers?A.Their recipients all get cash prizes.B. There are 21 winners each year.C. They are awarded worldwide.D. They go beyond journalism.37. It can be inferred from the passage that Joseph Pulitzer _____.A. was humorous and courageousB. was raised up in a journalist’s familyC. had a strong sense of justiceD. sought a goal of producing wealth38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly to _____.A. facilitate better journalismB. diversify ways of access to journalismC. support Columbia UniversityD. stimulate people to become journalists39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Pulitzer Prizes: Joseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime AmbitionB. Pulitzer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest HonorsC. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards for Distinguished JournalistsD. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Columbia University（B）Winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents, hypothermia(体温过低), frostbite, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice and high winds.IF YOU ARE UNDER A WINTER STORM WARNING, FIND SHELTER RIGHT AWAYWinter Storm WarningIssued when hazardous winter weather in the form of heavy snow or heavy freezing rain is upcoming or occurring. Winter Storm Warnings are usually issued 12 to 24 hours before the event is expected to begin.Winter Weather AdvisoryIssued for accumulations (积聚) of snow and freezing rain which will cause significant inconveniences and, if measures are not taken, could lead to life-threatening situations. Preparing for Winter WeatherPrepare your home to keep out the cold. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Install and test smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backups. Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Remember the needs of your pets. Have extra batteries for radios and flashlights.In Case of EmergencyBe prepared for winter weather at home, at work and in your car. Create an emergency supply kit for your car.Include sand, a flashlight, warm clothes, blankets, bottled water and snacks. Keep a full tank of gas.Avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Only use generators and grills (烤架) outdoors andaway from windows. Never heat your home with gas appliances.• Stay off roads if at all possible. If trapped in your car, then stay inside. • Limit your time outside. If you need to go outside, then wear layers of warm clothing. Watch forsigns of frostbite and hypothermia.40. Which of the following pictures when clicked will most probably lead you to the above webpage?A. B.C.D.41. To get ready for winter weather, you should _____.A. send your pets to animal sheltersB. warm your home with gas appliancesC. remove pipes to prevent them freezingD. get necessities in case of life without power42. _____ is a good way to stay safe during winter weather.A. Trying to stay insideB. Driving a car when going outC. Wearing water -proof clothesD. Using generators to keep warm（C ）A recent groundbreaking study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive financial damages due to climate change, projecting annual damages of about $38 trillion ($38 million million) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe economic challenges that lie ahead on a global scale, with the greatest impacts expected to burden the countries least responsible for greenhouse emissions (排放).The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid -century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study also notes potential increases in costs due to more frequent and severe weather events, which are expected to become more common as global temperatures rise.The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity : nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher -income, higher -emission countries. This highlights a significant climatejusticeissue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts.Anders Levermann, head of complexity science at PIK and co-author of the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency of the situation. “Countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues for a rapid structural shift towards renewable energy to ease these impacts and stabilize global temperatures.When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections. Previous studies have similarly highlighted the economic damages of climate change but lacked the extensive regional and specific insights this study provides.The study strongly advocates for great and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst of these economic damages. It suggests that slowing climate change is not only a moral and environmental must but also economically advantageous, as the cost of inaction is far greater than the expenses associated with reducing global warming to manageable levels.The socioeconomic consequences of such extensive economic losses could lead to heightened global inequality and potentially, social unrest. This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change.43. Climate change will cause massive economic damage worldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.A. the average world temperature will increase much faster than expectedB. rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and productivityC. big countries will experience economic crises due to more severe weather eventsD. tropical regions are unprepared to adapt to the damages caused by climate change44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____.A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economyB. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warmingD. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts45. The PIK study arouses the public attention due to _____.A. its rigid climate impact forecastsB. its overall statistics and the severity of its findingsC. its different approach to analyzing dataD. its similar regional insights on economic damages46. What does the PIK study imply?A. Fair policies should be established to avoid further rising of temperatures.B. Reducing gas emissions will benefit the environment but harm the economy.C. Inequality should be reduced through cooperation in fighting climate change.D. Wealthy countries should bear the whole cost of coping with global warming.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence.B.In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music.C.The authors suggested it was evidence of music being more than a distraction from anunpleasant experience.D.And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet andemotional experiences.E.Nevertheless, while our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mindperceive the pain may not be relayed.F.People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦)on the skin from listening to pleasurable music.Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain, New Study Says There is no doubt that music can calm the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary reliever for physical pain.Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study.47The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time. The other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants.Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs (each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled (杂乱的) version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. 48 All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants’ left inner forearms.When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either. 49After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes.50 This was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness produced by the burning pain they felt in the experiment.III. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.51. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)Most humans have some physical characteristics that they wish they could change, such as a facial feature or extra fat. Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). They find some common aspects, including the face or stomach, impossible to accept.People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. Or they may try to hide the features under clothing or makeup. They may look at mirrors constantly or avoid them altogether. They may ask others for reassurance (安慰) that they look OK but not believe that reassurance when it comes. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide.BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. The primary treatment for BDD is therapy, which often involves teaching the patient to challenge negative thoughts as they come. Some doctors may also prescribe antidepressants(开抗抑郁药). Plastic surgery is not effective at making people with BDD feel better. In fact, the changes in appearance brought about by surgery often compound the problem.If someone you know has BDD, assuring them that they look good will probably not help. Instead, listen patiently and encourage them to seek treatment. And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 这位老人虽无儿无女，但侄女一直在精心照料着他的起居。

2020年一模6选4徐汇p56青浦区p47杨浦p27普陀p15闵行p6【答案分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】1．G．推理判断题．根据后文Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选G．2．B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．3．A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment．There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文They also need to be measurable．You must keep these points in mind while setti ng your goals它们也需要是可测量的．在设定你的目标时，你必须记住这些要点．可知它们可以根据情况而改变；故选E．5．C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．嘉定p82静安p21崇明p72本文主要讲述了尼日利亚用空气种植食物．【解答】1．F细节理解题．根据前句Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria，but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．航空疗法在尼日利亚并不出名，但那里的农民正在努力使这项技术更受欢迎．可知后面应该是在大量土地无法修复的地方，这可能会有很大的不同．故选F．2．A归纳总结题．根据后面It required financing of more than＄180，000．And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming．It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeropon ics．它需要超过18万美元的资金，而阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对这种非传统的耕作方法，要改变人们对航空疗法的看法需要付出很大的努力．可知此处是本段归纳总结句，但是建立航空农场并不容易．故选A．3．D承上启下题．根据前后句In the north，only49percent of the land is fertile，a situation that worries traditi onal farmers．（3）…Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system，greatly increasing productivity．在北方，只有49%的土地是肥沃的，这种情况令传统农民担忧．植物的养分由循环系统控制，大大提高了生产力．可知然而，航空航天并不需要传统的农业劳动或大量的土地．故选D．4．B归纳总结题．根据后句For now，most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity．目前，大多数农民缺乏提高生产力的技术知识．可知前句政府希望大幅提高这一比例．故选B．奉贤p89。